Affinage

MUC1

Mucin-1 · UniProt P15941

Round 2 corrected
Length
1255 aa
Mass
122.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-29
130 papers in source corpus 43 papers cited in narrative 42 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MUC1 is a heterodimeric transmembrane mucin that integrates epithelial barrier defense, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Its large, heavily O-glycosylated extracellular N-terminal subunit (MUC1-N), generated by SEA-domain autoproteolysis, sterically masks integrin-mediated cell adhesion and serves as both a pathogen-binding scaffold (for P. aeruginosa, Salmonella SiiE, and H. influenzae) and a decoy receptor, while aberrant tumor-associated glycoforms engage galectin-3 and Siglec-9 to remodel the immune microenvironment (PMID:7698991, PMID:11133508, PMID:30716138, PMID:17090543, PMID:27595232). The membrane-anchored C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) is palmitoylated at a CQC motif required for endosomal recycling, undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by ErbB1 and Met to activate Ras–ERK signaling, oligomerizes via the same CQC motif for importin-β/Nup62-dependent nuclear import, and in the nucleus functions as a transcriptional co-regulator—stabilizing ERα, associating with β-catenin and YAP, repressing CRB3/Hippo signaling, and suppressing the ARF–p53 axis (PMID:16507569, PMID:11404250, PMID:17500061, PMID:16427018, PMID:27658423, PMID:18981727). MUC1-C also localizes to mitochondria where it attenuates cisplatin-induced apoptosis, activates NF-κB through a TAK1–TRAF6 complex, and drives TGF-β/SMAD3-dependent fibrotic and lineage-plasticity programs (PMID:14998492, PMID:25659581, PMID:31801904, PMID:31953400).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1990 High

    Molecular cloning resolved MUC1 as a polymorphic transmembrane mucin with variable-number tandem repeats encoding a heavily O-glycosylated extracellular domain, a transmembrane anchor, and a cytoplasmic tail, providing the structural framework for all subsequent functional studies.

    Evidence cDNA cloning and sequencing from human mammary and pancreatic tumor libraries; gene structure analysis revealing 40–90 tandem repeats per allele

    PMID:1697589 PMID:2318825 PMID:2394722

    Open questions at the time
    • Three-dimensional structure of extracellular tandem-repeat domain unresolved
    • Functional significance of VNTR length polymorphism unknown
  2. 1995 High

    Demonstration that MUC1's extended extracellular domain sterically masks integrins established its anti-adhesion function, explaining how overexpression disrupts epithelial cell–matrix interactions.

    Evidence Stable transfection of MUC1 into melanoma, MDCK-ras, and breast epithelial cells; adhesion rescued by integrin activation or MUC1 capping

    PMID:7698991

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether anti-adhesion operates in vivo in native epithelia not tested
    • Role of specific glycan structures in steric masking undefined
  3. 1997 High

    Identification of direct β-catenin binding to the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail via an SXXXXXSSL motif established MUC1 as a signaling receptor linked to the Wnt/β-catenin axis, not merely a passive barrier.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation with domain mapping in adhesion-dependent system

    PMID:9139698

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MUC1–β-catenin interaction is competitive with E-cadherin in vivo not resolved
    • Structural basis of the interaction unknown
  4. 2001 High

    Multiple studies converged to show MUC1-C activates Ras–MEK–ERK signaling through cytoplasmic tail tyrosine phosphorylation and physically associates with all four ErbB receptors, positioning MUC1 as an amplifier of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.

    Evidence CD8/MUC1 chimeric receptor cross-linking with dominant-negative Ras/MEK inhibitor in COS-7; co-IP of MUC1 with ErbB1–4 in transgenic mouse mammary glands with ERK1/2 activation comparison across MUC1-null, WT, and transgenic animals

    PMID:11278868 PMID:11404250

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct phosphorylation sites on MUC1-CT responsible for Grb2/Sos recruitment not mapped at single-residue level
    • Stoichiometry of MUC1–ErbB complexes unknown
  5. 2001 High

    MUC1's extracellular domain was shown to serve as an adhesion platform for P. aeruginosa, and cleavage site mapping revealed that the heterodimer is generated by a defined proximal extracellular cleavage, establishing the subunit architecture.

    Evidence Bacterial adhesion abolished by elastase cleavage or extracellular domain deletion in CHO transfectants; cleavage site sequencing in pancreatic and colon cell lines

    PMID:11133508 PMID:11341784

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise protease responsible for constitutive cleavage not identified (later attributed to SEA-domain autoproteolysis)
    • Whether pathogen binding triggers shedding was unknown
  6. 2004 High

    Discovery that MUC1-C localizes to mitochondria and attenuates cisplatin-induced apoptosis extended MUC1's function beyond the cell surface and nucleus to an anti-apoptotic role at mitochondria.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation plus confocal microscopy; siRNA knockdown restores caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in lung and breast carcinoma cells

    PMID:14998492

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism by which MUC1-C blocks apoptogenic factor release not defined
    • Mitochondrial targeting sequence or import mechanism not characterized
  7. 2006 High

    A series of studies defined the intracellular trafficking logic of MUC1-C: palmitoylation at the CQC motif drives endosomal recycling, the YHPM motif mediates AP-2-dependent endocytosis, and MUC1-C stabilizes ErbB1 by blocking its ubiquitination and promoting recycling—revealing MUC1-C as a trafficking regulator of RTKs.

    Evidence CQC→AQA and Y20N mutations in Tac-MUC1 chimeras with kinetic recycling analysis; Rab11 co-localization; MUC1 gain/loss-of-function with surface biotinylation and ubiquitination assays for ErbB1

    PMID:16507569 PMID:16983337

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether palmitoylation-dependent recycling applies to other MUC1-C partners besides ErbB1 unknown
    • Palmitoyltransferase identity not determined
  8. 2006 High

    MUC1-C was shown to directly bind and stabilize ERα by blocking its ubiquitination, enhancing ERα chromatin occupancy and coactivator recruitment, thereby establishing MUC1 as a nuclear transcriptional co-regulator—not merely a signaling scaffold.

    Evidence Direct in vitro binding; ChIP on estrogen-responsive promoters; ubiquitination assays; transcriptional reporter assays

    PMID:16427018

    Open questions at the time
    • Which E3 ligase is blocked by MUC1-C to stabilize ERα not identified
    • Genome-wide scope of MUC1-ERα co-regulation unknown
  9. 2006 High

    Galectin-3 was identified as a glycan-dependent ligand for MUC1 via the TF disaccharide, showing that tumor-associated glycoform changes actively regulate MUC1's masking function and downstream adhesion.

    Evidence Sialidase/O-glycanase treatment; confocal clustering analysis; adhesion assays with blocking antibodies in MUC1-positive vs. negative cells

    PMID:17090543

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of different glycoforms (sialyl-Tn, core 1, core 2) to galectin-3 binding in vivo not resolved
  10. 2007 High

    The nuclear import pathway of MUC1-C was resolved: CQC-dependent oligomerization enables importin-β (not importin-α) binding and Nup62 association, linking the same CQC motif to both recycling and nuclear entry and explaining how MUC1-C reaches the nucleus to function as a transcriptional regulator.

    Evidence CQC→AQA mutagenesis abolishing oligomerization, Nup62 binding, nuclear localization, transcriptional coactivation, and tumorigenicity

    PMID:17500061

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CQC-dependent oligomers are dimers or higher-order not determined
    • Structural basis of Nup62 recognition unknown
  11. 2008 High

    Met RTK was identified as a second kinase phosphorylating MUC1-CT at the YHPM motif, promoting nuclear MUC1 accumulation and p53 interaction that suppresses MMP1 transcription and invasion, while MUC1 suppresses the ARF–MDM2–p53 tumor suppressor axis via Tyr-60/c-Abl.

    Evidence In vitro Met kinase assay; real-time nuclear translocation imaging; ChIP at MMP1 promoter; Y60F mutagenesis with ARF/p53 pathway analysis

    PMID:18625714 PMID:18981727

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Met and ErbB phosphorylation of MUC1-CT are competitive or synergistic unclear
    • p53-independent functions of MUC1 nuclear complexes not fully mapped
  12. 2012 Medium

    Multiple pathways regulated by nuclear MUC1-C were delineated: activation of TAK1/NF-κB via direct TRAF6 bridging, facilitation of HIF-1α nuclear translocation for PDGFA expression, and translational upregulation of MUC1-C itself via the PI3K–AKT–mTORC1–eIF4A axis, revealing extensive feed-forward signaling loops.

    Evidence Co-IP of MUC1-C/TAK1/TRAF6; MUC1/HIF-1α co-IP with nuclear fractionation in pancreatic cancer; eIF4A inhibitors blocking MUC1-C translation

    PMID:22266848 PMID:22689062 PMID:25659581

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct versus indirect nature of MUC1-C/HIF-1α interaction not resolved with purified proteins
    • Relative contribution of translational versus transcriptional MUC1-C regulation in vivo unknown
  13. 2012 High

    MUC1 was established as a negative-feedback regulator of innate immunity in airway epithelia: NTHi activates TLR2 to upregulate MUC1, which then suppresses TLR signaling, confirmed by enhanced cytokine production in Muc1-KO tracheal epithelial cells.

    Evidence TLR2 siRNA; MUC1 overexpression/knockdown; primary Muc1-KO mouse tracheal cells with NTHi stimulation

    PMID:22298528

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of TLR2 suppression by MUC1 not defined (direct binding vs. signaling intermediate)
    • Whether this feedback operates for TLR4 and other TLRs not fully tested
  14. 2016 High

    Cancer-associated sialylated MUC1 was shown to engage the myeloid inhibitory receptor Siglec-9, but instead of classical SHP-dependent inhibition, it triggers calcium/MEK-ERK signaling that educates macrophages toward a tumor-associated phenotype with PD-L1 upregulation, providing a mechanistic link between aberrant glycosylation and immune evasion.

    Evidence Binding assays with defined MUC1-ST glycoform; SHP-1/2 phosphatase assays negative; calcium flux; MEK-ERK activation; macrophage polarization and PD-L1 quantification

    PMID:27595232

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance in tumor models not directly tested in this study
    • Whether other Siglec family members are similarly engaged unknown
  15. 2016 Medium

    MUC1-C was connected to the Hippo pathway: it represses CRB3 transcription via ZEB1, reducing LATS1/2 phosphorylation and activating YAP, with which it forms complexes that drive MYC expression—linking MUC1 to polarity-pathway disruption in triple-negative breast cancer.

    Evidence ChIP of MUC1-C/ZEB1 on CRB3 promoter; LATS1 phosphorylation; co-IP of MUC1-C/YAP and YAP/β-catenin in TNBC cells

    PMID:27658423

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MUC1-C directly contacts YAP or uses β-catenin as intermediary not resolved
    • Genome-wide target genes of MUC1-C/YAP complex not characterized
  16. 2019 High

    MUC1 was shown to participate in TGF-β1/SMAD3-driven fibrosis: SMAD3 phosphorylates MUC1-CT at Thr41/Tyr46, galectin-3 bridges TGF-β receptor to MUC1-C, and nuclear MUC1-CT/β-catenin complexes drive myofibroblast transition; Muc1-KO mice are protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

    Evidence Phosphosite analysis in IPF patient tissue; co-IP of SMAD3/MUC1-CT; GO-201 inhibitor and Muc1-KO mice with bleomycin model

    PMID:31801904

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MUC1-CT phosphorylation by SMAD3 is direct or kinase-mediated not determined with purified components
    • Broader fibrotic organ contexts (liver, kidney) not tested
  17. 2020 Medium

    MUC1-C was shown to drive neuroendocrine lineage plasticity in prostate cancer by suppressing AR, inducing BRN2/MYCN/EZH2 and Yamanaka pluripotency factors, extending its nuclear co-regulatory role to stem cell reprogramming.

    Evidence MUC1-C overexpression and knockdown in AR-dependent prostate cancer cells; chromatin and gene expression profiling; sphere formation and tumorigenicity assays

    PMID:31953400

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct chromatin occupancy of MUC1-C at pluripotency gene promoters not demonstrated by ChIP
    • Single research group; independent replication needed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the high-resolution structure of MUC1-C oligomers and their Nup62 interface, the identity of the palmitoyltransferase modifying the CQC motif, a systems-level map of MUC1-C's chromatin occupancy genome-wide, and the in vivo significance of the MUC1–Siglec-9 axis in tumor immune evasion.
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure of MUC1-C oligomer or MUC1-C/Nup62 complex
  • Palmitoyltransferase identity not determined
  • No genome-wide ChIP-seq of endogenous MUC1-C in the timeline
  • In vivo tumor models for MUC1–Siglec-9 axis lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 6 GO:0005634 nucleus 4 GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1 GO:0005768 endosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 9 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 6 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
CTNNB1ERBB1ESR1LGALS3MAP3K7METNUP62YAP1
Complex memberships
MUC1-C/ERα complexMUC1-C/β-catenin complexMUC1-N/MUC1-C heterodimerTAK1/TRAF6/MUC1-C complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 42 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1990 MUC1 (PEM/episialin) was molecularly cloned and its full sequence determined, revealing a transmembrane protein with a large extracellular tandem-repeat domain (20-aa repeats, variable number), multiple O-glycosylation sites, a transmembrane sequence, and a cytoplasmic tail; the tandem repeat region is highly immunogenic and carries tumor-associated epitopes. cDNA cloning and sequencing of human mammary and pancreatic tumor cDNA libraries The Journal of biological chemistry High 1697589 2394722
1990 MUC1 (episialin) is encoded by a polymorphic gene with variable-number tandem repeats (40–90 repeats per allele) and is expressed as splice variants with alternative amino termini, indicating alternative processing of the signal sequence region. cDNA cloning, gene structure analysis The Journal of biological chemistry High 2318825
1995 MUC1 (episialin) overexpression inhibits integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, laminin, collagen); this anti-adhesion effect can be reversed by inducing high-avidity beta-1 integrins or by antibody-mediated redistribution (capping) of episialin on the cell surface, demonstrating that the extended extracellular domain sterically masks adhesion receptors. Stable transfection of melanoma, MDCK-ras and breast epithelial cell lines with MUC1 constructs; cell adhesion assays with mAb-induced integrin activation and episialin capping The Journal of cell biology High 7698991
1997 The MUC1 cytoplasmic tail (DF3/MUC1) directly associates with beta-catenin (and gamma-catenin but not alpha-catenin) via an SXXXXXSSL motif analogous to E-cadherin and APC; this interaction is dependent on cell adhesion, implicating MUC1 in beta-catenin-mediated cell signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping, cell adhesion assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 9139698
1997 Three GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-T1, -T2, -T3) glycosylate the MUC1 tandem repeat at three of five potential O-glycosylation sites, but with distinct rates at individual sites, establishing that the repertoire of GalNAc-transferases expressed in a cell regulates the pattern of O-glycan initiation on MUC1. Recombinant enzyme expression in insect cells, peptide glycosylation assays, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry The Journal of biological chemistry High 9295285
2001 MUC1 proteolytic cleavage occurs at a defined site in the proximal extracellular domain (identified in pancreas and colon cell lines), generating the two non-covalently associated subunits; the cleavage site shows homology with other cell-surface proteins and is independent of the glycosylated tandem repeat domain. Identification of cleavage site by sequencing and mutagenesis in pancreatic and colon cancer cell lines Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 11341784
2001 Muc1 mucins expressed on the surface of CHO cells serve as adhesion sites for Pseudomonas aeruginosa; this adhesion requires the intact extracellular domain (abolished by proteolysis with neutrophil elastase or deletion of the extracellular domain by mutation). Stable transfection of CHO cells with hamster Muc1 cDNA; bacterial adhesion assays with protease treatment and deletion mutants American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology High 11133508
2001 Tyrosine phosphorylation of the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail activates the Ras-MEK-ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (via Grb2-Sos-Ras), established in a chimeric CD8/MUC1 receptor system; activation is blocked by dominant-negative Ras or MEK inhibitor. Stable expression of CD8/MUC1 chimeric receptor in COS-7 cells; anti-CD8 antibody cross-linking; immunoblotting, kinase assay, immunocytochemistry; dominant-negative Ras and MEK inhibitor American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology High 11404250
2001 MUC1 transgenic mammary glands show physical association of MUC1 with all four ErbB receptors (erbB1–4) by co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization with ErbB1, and enhanced ERK1/2 activation compared with Muc1-null and wild-type glands, indicating MUC1 potentiates ErbB signaling and MAP kinase activation. Transgenic mouse lines (full-length MUC1, ΔCT, ΔTR); co-immunoprecipitation; immunohistochemistry; ERK1/2 activation assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 11278868
2002 Snail transcription factor represses MUC1 transcription through two E-boxes in the proximal MUC1 promoter, and simultaneously induces ZEB1, which can also repress MUC1; this mechanism links epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to downregulation of MUC1. Snail transfection in epithelial cells; promoter reporter assays; RT-PCR; immunofluorescence The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12161443
2004 MUC1 is proteolytically shed from the uterine epithelial cell surface by MT1-MMP (membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease) in a pervanadate-stimulated, TACE/ADAM17-independent manner; MT1-MMP co-localizes with MUC1 at the apical surface of receptive-phase human uterine epithelia in vivo. TACE-deficient cell lines, MT1-MMP-deficient fibroblasts, co-transfection of MUC1 + MT1-MMP; TIMP inhibitor profiles; co-localization by immunofluorescence in human uterine tissue The Biochemical journal High 15130087
2004 MUC1 C-terminal subunit localizes to mitochondria and attenuates cisplatin-induced release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis; heregulin stimulates mitochondrial targeting of MUC1-C. Subcellular fractionation, confocal microscopy; MUC1siRNA knockdown in lung and breast carcinoma cells; cisplatin treatment; apoptosis assays in vitro and in vivo Cancer cell High 14998492
2004 MUC1 tyrosine phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic tail (specifically at tyrosine residues) is required for activation of ERK1/2 but not p38, SAPK/JNK, or ERK5; established using a CD8/MUC1 chimeric receptor and Tyr→Phe cytoplasmic tail mutant. Stable transfection of HEK293 cells with CD8/MUC1 chimera; anti-CD8 cross-linking; phosphorylation assays; complete Tyr→Phe cytoplasmic tail mutant Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 15358196
2006 MUC1 recycling from endosomes back to the plasma membrane is dependent on palmitoylation at the CQC motif at the transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain boundary; loss of palmitoylation blocks recycling and causes accumulation in Rab11-positive endosomes without affecting endocytosis rate or cell-surface half-life. Endocytosis itself requires the YXXφ motif (Y20HPM) for AP-2 binding. [3H]Palmitate labeling; membrane trafficking rate-constant calculations using Tac-MUC1 chimeras with CQC→AQA and Y20N mutations; EGFP-Rab11 co-localization; co-immunoprecipitation with AP-1 The Journal of biological chemistry High 16507569
2006 MUC1-C inhibits ligand-induced degradation of ErbB1 (EGFR) by decreasing EGF-stimulated ubiquitination of ErbB1 and increasing receptor recycling, thereby protecting cell-surface ErbB1 and expanding total cellular pools of the receptor over time. RNAi knockdown and overexpression of MUC1 in breast epithelial cells; surface biotinylation; ubiquitination assays; receptor recycling assays Oncogene High 16983337
2006 MUC1-C directly associates with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), stabilizes ERα by blocking its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, enhances ERα occupancy on estrogen-responsive promoters, and increases recruitment of p160 coactivators SRC-1 and GRIP1, thereby stimulating ERα-mediated transcription; interaction is stimulated by 17β-estradiol. Co-immunoprecipitation; in vitro direct binding; ubiquitination assays; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); transcriptional reporter assays; cell growth/survival assays Molecular cell High 16427018
2006 Galectin-3 binds to MUC1 on the cell surface via the TF (Thomsen-Friedenreich) disaccharide O-glycan on MUC1, promotes clustering of MUC1, and increases cancer cell adhesion to endothelium by unmasking E-selectin and CD44 adhesion molecules otherwise concealed by MUC1. Recombinant galectin-3 treatment of MUC1-transfected and MUC1-negative cell lines; sialidase and O-glycanase pretreatment; adhesion assays; antibody blocking of adhesion molecules; confocal microscopy The Journal of biological chemistry High 17090543
2006 GATA3 transcription factor directly binds a functional GATA cis-element in the MUC1 promoter (confirmed by ChIP and EMSA) and positively regulates MUC1 expression in breast cancer cells; GATA3 knockdown reduces MUC1 protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA); GATA3 siRNA knockdown; RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry Breast cancer research : BCR Medium 17078870
2007 MUC1-C is imported to the nucleus via a pathway involving nucleoporin Nup62: MUC1-C binds importin-β (not importin-α), forms oligomers via a CQC motif, and binds directly to the Nup62 central domain; mutation of CQC→AQA abrogates oligomerization, Nup62 binding, and nuclear localization, and attenuates transcriptional coactivation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity. Co-immunoprecipitation; direct binding assays; CQC→AQA mutagenesis; subcellular fractionation; anchorage-independent growth assay; tumorigenicity assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 17500061
2007 MUC1-C induces galectin-3 expression post-transcriptionally by suppressing microRNA miR-322, which stabilizes galectin-3 mRNA; this requires N-glycosylation of MUC1-C at Asn-36. In turn, galectin-3 binds back to glycosylated Asn-36 on MUC1-C and forms a bridge between MUC1 and EGFR, enabling EGF-mediated MUC1-EGFR interaction. miRNA expression profiling; Asn-36 mutagenesis; miR-322 overexpression/knockdown; co-immunoprecipitation of MUC1-EGFR-galectin-3 complex Molecular cell High 17889671
2007 Neutrophil elastase stimulates MUC1 transcription in airway epithelial cells through a defined signaling cascade: PKCδ → Duox1 → ROS → TACE → TNF-α → TNFR1 → ERK1/2 → Sp1, establishing MUC1 as a downstream target of innate immune signaling at the airway epithelium. Pharmacologic inhibitors, dominant-negative mutants, siRNA knockdown, soluble receptor blocking; MUC1 promoter Sp1 binding assay American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology Medium 17600314
2008 Met receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylates MUC1 cytoplasmic tail at tyrosine in the YHPM motif; HGF stimulation promotes nuclear localization of MUC1-CT; Met-phosphorylated MUC1 enhances interaction with p53 and suppresses AP-1 activity at the MMP1 promoter, reducing MMP1 transcription and HGF-induced cell invasiveness; MUC1 overexpression also accelerates Met turnover. Novel Met-MUC1 co-immunoprecipitation; in vitro kinase assay; real-time confocal imaging of nuclear localization; ChIP at MMP1 promoter; invasion assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 18625714
2008 MUC1 oncoprotein suppresses the ARF-MDM2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway: wild-type MUC1 (via Tyr-60 interaction with c-Abl) blocks ARF induction; MUC1(Y60F) mutant induces ARF transcription by a c-Abl-dependent, CUL-4A-mediated mechanism that promotes nuclear export of Cdc6, leading to p53 upregulation, HIPK2-mediated p53 Ser-46 phosphorylation, and apoptosis. MUC1 Y60F point mutant; ARF transcription assays; Cdc6 nuclear export assay; p53 phosphorylation assays; dominant-negative function in tumorigenicity assay Cancer biology & therapy Medium 18981727
2009 MUC1 is a direct target of miR-145: miR-145 binds the MUC1 3'-UTR, silences MUC1 protein expression, suppresses cell invasion and lung metastasis; MUC1 suppression by miR-145 reduces β-catenin and cadherin-11 levels, indicating MUC1 acts upstream in a pro-invasion pathway. Luciferase reporter carrying MUC1 3'-UTR; miR-145 overexpression and antisense oligo; Western blot; invasion assay; experimental metastasis mouse model Cancer research High 19996288
2009 MAL2, a four-transmembrane trafficking protein, interacts with MUC1 via its first transmembrane domain (identified by yeast two-hybrid and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation); MAL2 and MUC1 co-localize in the cytoplasm; MAL2 overexpression increases MUC1 levels in both detergent-soluble and -insoluble membrane fractions and elevates cell-surface MUC1. Yeast two-hybrid screening; co-immunoprecipitation in myc-tagged MAL2-expressing cells; confocal microscopy; sucrose density gradient centrifugation; deletion mapping BMC cell biology Medium 19175940
2012 MUC1-C activates TAK1 expression in colon cancer cells via NF-κB-mediated transcription; MUC1-C directly binds TAK1 and confers association of TAK1 with TRAF6, thereby enabling TAK1-mediated NF-κB activation in a positive regulatory loop; suppression of MUC1-C downregulates BCL-XL and sensitizes colon cancer cells to MEK inhibition. Co-immunoprecipitation of MUC1-C/TAK1/TRAF6 complex; NF-κB transcriptional assays; MUC1-C knockdown; MEK inhibitor sensitization assay; MUC1(+/-)IL-10(-/-) mouse model of colitis Oncogene High 25659581
2012 MUC1 regulates PDGFA expression and secretion in pancreatic cancer by associating with HIF-1α and facilitating its translocation to the nucleus; PDGFA drives MUC1-dependent proliferation and invasion; β-catenin nuclear translocation also requires both MUC1 and PDGFA. Co-immunoprecipitation of MUC1/HIF-1α; siRNA knockdown; mouse PDA models; PDGFA neutralization; nuclear fractionation Oncogene Medium 22266848
2012 MUC1 and c-Met interact in hepatocellular carcinoma cells; HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation decreases this MUC1-c-Met interaction and downregulates MUC1 expression; siRNA silencing of MUC1 enhances HGF-induced c-Met activation, motility and invasion via the β-catenin/c-Myc pathway; c-Met inhibition restores MUC1 and inhibits invasion. Co-immunoprecipitation; siRNA knockdown; HGF stimulation; c-Met inhibitor; motility/invasion assays Molecular cancer Medium 22962849
2012 MUC1 suppresses TLR2 signaling in airway epithelial cells during infection with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi); NTHi activates TLR2 to increase TNF-α and IL-8 production, which upregulates MUC1, which in turn suppresses TLR signaling in a negative feedback loop; primary Muc1-knockout murine tracheal epithelial cells produce more NTHi-stimulated keratinocyte chemoattractant. TLR2 siRNA; MUC1 overexpression/knockdown in A549 cells; soluble TNF-α receptor blocking; primary Muc1-KO mouse tracheal epithelial cells American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 22298528
2013 PPARγ functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that binds MUC1-C and induces its proteasome-dependent degradation; Lys134 of MUC1-C is required for PPARγ-mediated ubiquitination and degradation; this PPARγ–MUC1-C interaction is independent of PPARγ transcriptional activity and terminates MUC1-C-mediated cell proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation; ubiquitination assays; Lys134 mutagenesis; proteasome inhibitor experiments; cell proliferation assays Oncogene Medium 24292674
2012 MUC1-C translation is upregulated by EGF/heregulin via the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1-S6K1 pathway, which decreases the eIF4A inhibitor PDCD4 and allows eIF4A RNA helicase to drive MUC1-C translation; pharmacologic inhibition of eIF4A (silvestrol, CR-1-31-B) blocks MUC1-C upregulation; MUC1-C in turn activates EGFR-PI3K-AKT in an auto-inductive loop. PI3K/AKT/MEK inhibitors; eIF4A inhibitors silvestrol and CR-1-31-B; PDCD4 expression analysis; MUC1-C protein level quantification; EGFR pathway activation assays Oncogene Medium 22689062
2014 Galectin-3 binds to the N-terminal domain of MUC1 (MUC1-ND, not MUC1-CD); galectin-3 ligation to MUC1-expressing 3T3 cells triggers recruitment of β-catenin to the MUC1 C-terminal domain (MUC1-CD), revealing a galectin-3-dependent MUC1 signaling pathway. CsCl ultracentrifugation to separate MUC1-ND and MUC1-CD; co-immunoprecipitation; Western blotting for β-catenin in MUC1-CD immunoprecipitate after galectin-3 treatment Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 24561267
2015 NEU1 sialidase associates with MUC1 ectodomain upon P. aeruginosa flagellin stimulation, desialylates MUC1-ED to increase bacterial adhesion and invasion; desialylated MUC1-ED is then shed as a 'decoy receptor' that competitively blocks P. aeruginosa adhesion to epithelial cells; Scatchard analysis shows NEU1-dependent increased flagellin binding affinity to MUC1-expressing cells. NEU1 co-immunoprecipitation with MUC1; Scatchard binding analysis; shedding assays; ex vivo bronchoalveolar lavage fluid immunodepletion; invasion assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 25963144
2016 Cancer-associated MUC1 glycoform bearing short sialylated O-glycans (MUC1-ST) engages Siglec-9 on myeloid cells; this interaction does not activate SHP-1/SHP-2 phosphatases but instead induces calcium flux leading to MEK-ERK kinase activation, educating macrophages toward a tumor-associated macrophage phenotype with increased PD-L1 expression. Siglec-9 binding assays with defined MUC1-ST glycoform; phosphatase activity assays (SHP-1/2); calcium flux measurement; MEK-ERK activation assay; macrophage polarization/PD-L1 expression Nature immunology High 27595232
2016 MUC1-C represses CRB3 (Crumbs complex polarity factor) transcription by associating with ZEB1 on the CRB3 promoter; loss of CRB3 downregulates the Hippo pathway (reduced LATS1/2 phosphorylation), activates YAP, and MUC1-C interacts with YAP to promote YAP/β-catenin complexes and MYC induction. MUC1-C knockdown in TNBC cells; ChIP of MUC1-C/ZEB1 on CRB3 promoter; LATS1 phosphorylation assays; YAP dephosphorylation; co-immunoprecipitation of MUC1-C/YAP and YAP/β-catenin Molecular cancer research : MCR Medium 27658423
2016 MUC1 counter-regulates macrophage phagocytosis: MUC1/Muc1 expression is strongly upregulated in M1-polarized macrophages; Muc1-deficient M0 and M1 macrophages show increased adhesion and phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa and E. coli, increased ROS production, and increased TNF-α release; M1 polarization and Pa stimulation increase TACE-dependent MUC1 ectodomain shedding. M1/M2 macrophage polarization; Muc1 KO mouse macrophages; phagocytosis assays; ROS assay; TNF-α ELISA; TACE inhibitor American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology Medium 26393683
2019 MUC1 is required for Salmonella SiiE-mediated apical invasion of intestinal epithelial cells: MUC1 knockout reduces apical (but not lateral) Salmonella invasion; neuraminidase removal of MUC1 sialic acids also reduces invasion; a SiiE-deletion Salmonella strain cannot invade through MUC1, and SiiE-positive bacteria associate with the MUC1 layer before entry. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of MUC1 in HT29-MTX cells; neuraminidase treatment; Salmonella ΔSiiE invasion assays; confocal microscopy of Salmonella-MUC1 association PLoS pathogens High 30716138
2019 TGF-β1 phosphorylates SMAD3, which increases phosphorylation of MUC1-CT at Thr41 and Tyr46 in lung fibroblasts and alveolar type II cells; phospho-SMAD3/MUC1-CT and MUC1-CT/β-catenin nuclear complexes promote myofibroblast transition, cell senescence, and fibroblast proliferation; galectin-3 acts as a bridge between the TGF-β receptor and MUC1-C domain enabling TGF-β-independent activation; MUC1-CT nuclear translocation inhibitor GO-201 and MUC1 KO reduce bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Phosphorylation assays (Thr41, Tyr46) in patient IPF samples and cells; co-immunoprecipitation of SMAD3/MUC1-CT and MUC1-CT/β-catenin nuclear complexes; GO-201 inhibitor; MUC1 siRNA; Muc1-KO mice with bleomycin model Thorax High 31801904
2020 MUC1-C drives lineage plasticity toward neuroendocrine prostate cancer by suppressing the androgen receptor (AR) axis, inducing BRN2 via a MYC→BRN2 pathway, upregulating MYCN, EZH2, ASCL1, AURKA, and SYP (NE differentiation markers), and inducing Yamanaka pluripotency factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC); targeting MUC1-C reduces prostate cancer self-renewal and tumorigenicity. MUC1-C overexpression in androgen-dependent PC cells; MUC1-C knockdown; chromatin-level analyses; gene expression profiling; self-renewal (sphere formation) and tumorigenicity assays Nature communications Medium 31953400
2022 MUC1 emerged in mammals coincident with inclusion of a SEA domain that catalyzes autoproteolysis of the MUC1 precursor to generate a non-covalent heterodimer (MUC1-N/MUC1-C); disruption of the heterodimer releases MUC1-N into a protective mucous gel while MUC1-C activates lineage plasticity, epigenetic reprogramming, and wound repair programs. Evolutionary genomic analysis; autoproteolysis characterization (SEA domain); heterodimer stability studies cited from prior biochemical work Cancers Medium 36230728
2021 YBX1 transcription factor directly binds the MUC1 promoter at position -1480 to -1476 and activates MUC1 transcription; in lung adenocarcinoma cells, YBX1 silencing reduces MUC1 expression, and MUC1 overexpression partially rescues the decreased migration, invasion, and stemness caused by YBX1 knockdown. ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays; YBX1 siRNA and MUC1 overexpression rescue; mouse xenograft and metastasis models Frontiers in oncology Medium 34976785
2022 MUC1-C stabilizes EGFRvIII in glioblastoma cells by protecting it from lysosomal degradation; MUC1-C knockdown increases colocalization of EGFRvIII with lysosomes; MUC1-C upregulation occurs through an NF-κB-dependent mechanism, and EGFRvIII activates NF-κB to drive MUC1-C in a positive feedback loop. CRISPR-Cas9 library screening; MUC1-C knockdown; EGFRvIII-lysosome co-localization by confocal microscopy; NF-κB pathway inhibition; small-molecule inhibitor EPIC-1027 in vitro and in vivo Pharmacological research Medium 36516884

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2010 Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci. Nature genetics 2036 21102463
2004 Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1724 15326289
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
1990 Molecular cloning and expression of human tumor-associated polymorphic epithelial mucin. The Journal of biological chemistry 849 1697589
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2014 MUC1: a multifaceted oncoprotein with a key role in cancer progression. Trends in molecular medicine 647 24667139
2008 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 607 19056867
1984 Differential reactivity of a novel monoclonal antibody (DF3) with human malignant versus benign breast tumors. Hybridoma 563 6094338
1988 A highly immunogenic region of a human polymorphic epithelial mucin expressed by carcinomas is made up of tandem repeats. The Journal of biological chemistry 542 3417635
1995 Episialin (MUC1) overexpression inhibits integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components. The Journal of cell biology 455 7698991
2010 A shared susceptibility locus in PLCE1 at 10q23 for gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nature genetics 422 20729852
2002 Snail induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in tumor cells is accompanied by MUC1 repression and ZEB1 expression. The Journal of biological chemistry 403 12161443
1996 Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. Genome research 401 8889548
1990 Cloning and sequencing of a human pancreatic tumor mucin cDNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 393 2394722
1999 MUC1 and cancer. Biochimica et biophysica acta 384 10571020
2009 MicroRNA-145 suppresses cell invasion and metastasis by directly targeting mucin 1. Cancer research 327 19996288
1990 Episialin, a carcinoma-associated mucin, is generated by a polymorphic gene encoding splice variants with alternative amino termini. The Journal of biological chemistry 318 2318825
2012 Utility of KL-6/MUC1 in the clinical management of interstitial lung diseases. Respiratory investigation 316 22554854
2016 The mucin MUC1 modulates the tumor immunological microenvironment through engagement of the lectin Siglec-9. Nature immunology 308 27595232
2001 Transgenic MUC1 interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor and correlates with mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in the mouse mammary gland. The Journal of biological chemistry 294 11278868
2009 Characterization of exosome-like vesicles released from human tracheobronchial ciliated epithelium: a possible role in innate defense. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 284 19190083
2004 Human MUC1 carcinoma-associated protein confers resistance to genotoxic anticancer agents. Cancer cell 284 14998492
1997 Interaction of the DF3/MUC1 breast carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin in cell adhesion. The Journal of biological chemistry 284 9139698
2008 Retargeting of human T cells to tumor-associated MUC1: the evolution of a chimeric antigen receptor. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 279 18354214
2006 Galectin-3 interaction with Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide on cancer-associated MUC1 causes increased cancer cell endothelial adhesion. The Journal of biological chemistry 254 17090543
1997 Substrate specificities of three members of the human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3. The Journal of biological chemistry 253 9295285
2009 Proteomic analysis of human parotid gland exosomes by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Journal of proteome research 237 19199708
2004 MUC1: a multifunctional cell surface component of reproductive tissue epithelia. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E 222 14711375
1995 Human corneal and conjunctival epithelia express MUC1 mucin. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 214 7635656
2021 MUC1: Structure, Function, and Clinic Application in Epithelial Cancers. International journal of molecular sciences 204 34207342
1998 Tolerance and immunity to MUC1 in a human MUC1 transgenic murine model. Cancer research 176 9443411
2003 Allelism of MCKD, FJHN and GCKD caused by impairment of uromodulin export dynamics. Human molecular genetics 172 14570709
2007 The MUC1 and galectin-3 oncoproteins function in a microRNA-dependent regulatory loop. Molecular cell 160 17889671
2006 MUC1 oncoprotein stabilizes and activates estrogen receptor alpha. Molecular cell 158 16427018
1998 Expression of MUC1 mucin on activated human T cells: implications for a role of MUC1 in normal immune regulation. Cancer research 134 9751614
1992 Tissue-specific expression of a human polymorphic epithelial mucin (MUC1) in transgenic mice. Cancer research 134 1372533
2007 Nuclear import of the MUC1-C oncoprotein is mediated by nucleoporin Nup62. The Journal of biological chemistry 129 17500061
2004 MT1-MMP mediates MUC1 shedding independent of TACE/ADAM17. The Biochemical journal 128 15130087
1998 Progesterone and implanting blastocysts regulate Muc1 expression in rabbit uterine epithelium. Endocrinology 126 9421424
2020 MUC1-C regulates lineage plasticity driving progression to neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Nature communications 125 31953400
2001 Identification of MUC1 proteolytic cleavage sites in vivo. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 114 11341784
1996 Significance of MUC1 and MUC2 mucin expression in colorectal cancer. Journal of clinical pathology 111 8813954
2001 Muc1 mucins on the cell surface are adhesion sites for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 108 11133508
2015 MUC1 (CD227): a multi-tasked molecule. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 104 26294353
1997 Expression of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins in epithelial ovarian tumours. The Journal of pathology 103 9422987
2006 Alterations of uromodulin biology: a common denominator of the genetically heterogeneous FJHN/MCKD syndrome. Kidney international 98 16883323
1994 The Pem homeobox gene is X-linked and exclusively expressed in extraembryonic tissues during early murine development. Developmental biology 92 7958444
2003 Expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6) in mucinous carcinoma of the breast: comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma. Histopathology 91 12493022
2006 MUC1 is a novel regulator of ErbB1 receptor trafficking. Oncogene 90 16983337
2000 MUC1-specific immune responses in human MUC1 transgenic mice immunized with various human MUC1 vaccines. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 90 10630311
2015 MUC1-C activates the TAK1 inflammatory pathway in colon cancer. Oncogene 89 25659581
1994 Developmental expression of mucin genes MUC1 and MUC2. Journal of cell science 89 7515892
2006 Aberrant expression of transmembrane mucins, MUC1 and MUC4, in human prostate carcinomas. The Prostate 84 16302265
1999 Bacterial conjunctivitis in Muc1 null mice. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 82 10359313
2008 Phosphorylation of MUC1 by Met modulates interaction with p53 and MMP1 expression. The Journal of biological chemistry 78 18625714
1998 MUC1 and endometrial receptivity. Molecular human reproduction 78 9872358
2001 Involvement of the MAP kinase ERK2 in MUC1 mucin signaling. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 74 11404250
1995 Is episialin/MUC1 involved in breast cancer progression? Cancer letters 72 7720039
2012 MUC1 regulates PDGFA expression during pancreatic cancer progression. Oncogene 67 22266848
2002 MUC1 epithelial mucin (CD227) is expressed by activated dendritic cells. Journal of leukocyte biology 67 12377938
1998 Normal reproductive and macrophage function in Pem homeobox gene-deficient mice. Developmental biology 67 9769172
2012 Cooperative interaction of MUC1 with the HGF/c-Met pathway during hepatocarcinogenesis. Molecular cancer 66 22962849
2012 Antiinflammatory role of MUC1 mucin during infection with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 61 22298528
2010 MUC1 as a discriminator between endometrium from fertile and infertile patients with PCOS and endometriosis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 61 20826587
2003 Mutations of the Uromodulin gene in MCKD type 2 patients cluster in exon 4, which encodes three EGF-like domains. Kidney international 61 14531790
2024 The Role of MUC1 in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 58 38540735
2016 Immunological Evaluation of Recent MUC1 Glycopeptide Cancer Vaccines. Vaccines 58 27472370
1996 Detection of a secreted MUC1/SEC protein by MUC1 isoform specific monoclonal antibodies. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 57 8912645
2011 Ci-Pem-1 localizes to the nucleus and represses somatic gene transcription in the germline of Ciona intestinalis embryos. Development (Cambridge, England) 55 21693510
2022 Expression of MUC1 in different tumours and its clinical significance (Review). Molecular and clinical oncology 54 36479256
2006 Recycling of MUC1 is dependent on its palmitoylation. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 16507569
2011 Combined MUC1-specific nanobody-tagged PEG-polyethylenimine polyplex targeting and transcriptional targeting of tBid transgene for directed killing of MUC1 over-expressing tumour cells. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society 53 21704663
1991 Production of MUC1 and MUC2 mucins by human tumor cell lines. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 53 1713449
1999 Diverse glycosylation of MUC1 and MUC2: potential significance in tumor immunity. Journal of biochemistry 51 10578046
1997 MUC1 and MUC2 mucins in flat and polypoid colorectal adenomas. Journal of clinical pathology 51 9215126
1999 MUC1 Expression in Prostate Carcinoma: Correlation with Grade and Stage. Molecular urology 50 10851319
2011 Recombinant plant-expressed tumour-associated MUC1 peptide is immunogenic and capable of breaking tolerance in MUC1.Tg mice. Plant biotechnology journal 49 21740504
1999 Forced expression of the homeobox-containing gene Pem blocks differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Developmental biology 49 10357905
2013 PPARγ E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates MUC1-C oncoprotein stability. Oncogene 48 24292674
2001 MUC1 gene polymorphism in the gastric carcinogenesis pathway. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 47 11464247
2003 Patterns of MUC1 tissue expression defined by an anti-MUC1 cytoplasmic tail monoclonal antibody in breast cancer. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society 46 12754289
2002 Androgen-dependent regulation of human MUC1 mucin expression. Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 46 11922395
2019 MUC1 is a receptor for the Salmonella SiiE adhesin that enables apical invasion into enterocytes. PLoS pathogens 44 30716138
2007 The signaling pathway involved in neutrophil elastase stimulated MUC1 transcription. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 42 17600314
2016 MUC1-C Represses the Crumbs Complex Polarity Factor CRB3 and Downregulates the Hippo Pathway. Molecular cancer research : MCR 38 27658423
2015 MUC1-mediated motility in breast cancer: a review highlighting the role of the MUC1/ICAM-1/Src signaling triad. Clinical & experimental metastasis 38 25759211
2008 Overexpression and altered glycosylation of MUC1 in malignant mesothelioma. British journal of cancer 38 18454162
2004 Homozygosity for uromodulin disorders: FJHN and MCKD-type 2. Kidney international 37 15253706
2001 Localization and stability of introns spliced from the Pem homeobox gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 11278282
2025 Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Water Electrolysis: Cell-Level Considerations for Gigawatt-Scale Deployment. Chemical reviews 35 39899322
2012 Targeting the eIF4A RNA helicase blocks translation of the MUC1-C oncoprotein. Oncogene 34 22689062
2022 MUC1: An emerging target in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Bulletin du cancer 33 36184332
2019 Microbe-MUC1 Crosstalk in Cancer-Associated Infections. Trends in molecular medicine 33 31753595
2008 Strategies used for MUC1 immunotherapy: preclinical studies. Expert review of vaccines 32 18767945
2019 MUC1 intracellular bioactivation mediates lung fibrosis. Thorax 31 31801904
2016 MUC1 stimulates EGFR expression and function in endometrial cancer. Oncotarget 31 27092881
2009 Expression of human MUC1 during early pregnancy in the human MUC1 transgenic mouse model. Biology of reproduction 31 19684334
2020 A VHH-Based Anti-MUC1 Chimeric Antigen Receptor for Specific Retargeting of Human Primary T Cells to MUC1-Positive Cancer Cells. Cell journal 30 32347044
2009 Cortical anchorages and cell type segregations of maternal postplasmic/PEM RNAs in ascidians. Developmental biology 30 19735652
2000 Immunotherapy with mannan-MUC1 and IL-12 in MUC1 transgenic mice. Vaccine 30 10930667
1999 MUC1 expression in intramucosal colorectal neoplasms. Possible involvement in histogenesis and progression. Oncology 30 10202278
1993 Characterization and overexpression of the pem gene encoding pectin methylesterase of Erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. Gene 30 8370537
2022 Emergence of MUC1 in Mammals for Adaptation of Barrier Epithelia. Cancers 29 36230728
2018 Role of transmembrane glycoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1) in various types of colorectal cancer and therapies: Current research status and updates. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 29 30257347
2015 NEU1 Sialidase Regulates Membrane-tethered Mucin (MUC1) Ectodomain Adhesiveness for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Decoy Receptor Release. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 25963144
2006 GATA3 protein as a MUC1 transcriptional regulator in breast cancer cells. Breast cancer research : BCR 29 17078870
2020 Identification of novel biomarkers, MUC5AC, MUC1, KRT7, GAPDH, CD44 for gastric cancer. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 28 32219571
1992 Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), brain and various facets of child development. Indian journal of pediatrics 28 1383143
2022 MUC1 promotes glioblastoma progression and TMZ resistance by stabilizing EGFRvIII. Pharmacological research 27 36516884
2016 MUC1 in hematological malignancies. Leukemia & lymphoma 27 27347699
2014 Mucin 1 gene (MUC1) and gastric-cancer susceptibility. International journal of molecular sciences 27 24810688
2004 Tumor-specific immunity in MUC1.Tg mice induced by immunization with peptide vaccines from the cytoplasmic tail of CD227 (MUC1). Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 27 15696607
2003 An anti-MUC1-antibody-interleukin-2 fusion protein that activates resting NK cells to lysis of MUC1-positive tumour cells. British journal of cancer 27 12966437
2021 YBX1 Enhances Metastasis and Stemness by Transcriptionally Regulating MUC1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Frontiers in oncology 25 34976785
2016 Membrane-Tethered MUC1 Mucin Counter-Regulates the Phagocytic Activity of Macrophages. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 25 26393683
2004 MUC1 tyrosine phosphorylation activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 25 15358196
2001 Irradiation selectively inhibits expression from the androgen-dependent Pem homeobox gene promoter in sertoli cells. Endocrinology 24 11250938
2001 Mucin gene (MUC1) transfer into human dendritic cells by cationic liposomes and recombinant adenovirus. Anticancer research 24 11724326
2010 Temporal and spatial expression of Muc1 during implantation in sows. International journal of molecular sciences 23 20640155
2008 MUC1 oncoprotein suppresses activation of the ARF-MDM2-p53 pathway. Cancer biology & therapy 23 18981727
2010 Oncogenic function of the MUC1 receptor subunit in gene regulation. Oncogene 22 20711235
2009 Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a novel partner for MAL2 in breast carcinoma cells. BMC cell biology 22 19175940
2014 Galectin-3 binds to MUC1-N-terminal domain and triggers recruitment of β-catenin in MUC1-expressing mouse 3T3 cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta 21 24561267
1998 Epitope characterization of MUC1 antibodies. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 21 9422088
2016 Amplification of MUC1 in prostate cancer metastasis and CRPC development. Oncotarget 20 27825118
1995 The immunogenicity of MUC1 peptides and fusion protein. Cancer letters 20 7720038