Affinage

MAFK

Transcription factor MafK · UniProt O60675

Length
156 aa
Mass
17.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 18 papers cited in narrative 18 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

MAFK is a small nuclear bZIP transcription factor that lacks an intrinsic activation domain and functions as a context-dependent transcriptional switch at MARE/NF-E2/ARE cis-elements: as a homodimer it represses target genes, while as an obligatory DNA-tethering partner for CNC-family (p45 NF-E2, Nrf2) or Bach-family (Bach1, Bach2) proteins it mediates activation or repression depending on partner identity (PMID:7706310, PMID:8887638, PMID:11013233). In erythroid cells, the p45/MafK heterodimer drives globin gene expression and terminal differentiation, with functional redundancy among small Maf paralogs revealed by the normal erythropoiesis of MafK-null mice versus the severe anemia and thrombocytopenia of compound MafG/MafK knockouts (PMID:7638211, PMID:8622968, PMID:10716933). At antioxidant response elements, MafK serves as a scaffold for signal-dependent partner exchange—TGF-β and NF-κB p65/HDAC3 signaling increase MafK-mediated repression of Nrf2 targets such as HO-1 and NQO1, whereas heme promotes displacement of repressive Bach1 by activating Nrf2 on MafK-occupied sites (PMID:23737527, PMID:18241676, PMID:24652768). Beyond the antioxidant response, MAFK is induced by NGF via atypical PKC to promote neuronal differentiation and is co-opted by TGF-β signaling in triple-negative breast cancer to drive EMT and tumor progression through transcriptional induction of GPNMB (PMID:12388604, PMID:28400538).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1993 Medium

    Identification of MafK as a nuclear bZIP protein lacking an activation domain established the structural basis for its subsequent characterization as an activation-domain-dependent heterodimerization partner rather than an autonomous activator.

    Evidence Retroviral overexpression in chicken embryo fibroblasts with immunofluorescence localization and transformation assays

    PMID:8361754

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab characterization without independent replication of localization
    • No dimerization partners or DNA targets identified
    • Soft-agar phenotype not mechanistically explained
  2. 1995 High

    Demonstrating that MafK homodimers repress NF-E2 site-dependent transcription while p45/MafK heterodimers activate it resolved how a single factor could mediate opposing transcriptional outcomes—through partner-dependent switching—and that MafK overexpression induces erythroid differentiation by enhancing NF-E2 activity.

    Evidence EMSA and reporter assays with co-expressed p45 and MafK; conditional MafK overexpression in murine erythroleukemia cells with hemoglobin accumulation readout

    PMID:7638211 PMID:7706310

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of endogenous chromatin targets beyond NF-E2 sites unknown
    • Whether MafK is rate-limiting in vivo for erythropoiesis not established
  3. 1996 High

    Identification of Bach1 and Bach2 as bZIP heterodimerization partners that convert MafK into a transcriptional repressor at NF-E2 sites expanded the partner repertoire beyond p45 and introduced the concept of competitive partner exchange at MARE sites, while knockout of MafK alone showed functional redundancy with other small Mafs in vivo.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, EMSA, reporter assays in erythroid and fibroblast cells for Bach partners; homologous recombination knockout of MafK in mice with hematological and EMSA analysis

    PMID:8622968 PMID:8887638

    Open questions at the time
    • Which small Maf substitutes for MafK in knockout mice not determined
    • Relative affinities of Bach vs. CNC partners for MafK not measured
    • In vivo chromatin occupancy not assessed
  4. 2000 High

    Compound MafG/MafK knockout mice revealed that small Maf redundancy is limited—loss of both produces lethal anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neurological defects—while demonstration that MafK homodimers repress ARE-dependent antioxidant genes (NQO1, GST Ya) by competing with Nrf2 extended MafK's role from erythropoiesis to the oxidative stress response.

    Evidence Compound germline knockout with hematological and neurological phenotyping; EMSA and reporter assays in HepG2 cells for ARE binding and repression; transgenic enhancer analysis for mafK regulation by GATA factors

    PMID:10716933 PMID:10856242 PMID:11013233

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct Nrf2/MafK heterodimer binding to ARE not shown in this study
    • Neurological phenotype mechanism unexplored
    • Megakaryocyte target genes not identified
  5. 2002 High

    Identifying MafK as an NGF-responsive immediate early gene required for neurite outgrowth established a non-hematopoietic role and connected MafK to atypical PKC signaling in neuronal differentiation.

    Evidence SAGE, Northern/Western blot, pharmacological inhibitors, siRNA knockdown, and neurite outgrowth assay in PC12 cells

    PMID:12388604

    Open questions at the time
    • Target genes of MafK in neurons not identified
    • Which CNC/Bach partner operates in NGF-stimulated neurons unknown
    • Atypical PKC isoform specificity not resolved
  6. 2004 High

    ChIP demonstration that Nrf2/MafK heterodimers occupy the GST-P enhancer in preneoplastic hepatocytes but not normal liver provided the first in vivo chromatin evidence for context-dependent MafK partner occupancy and linked the complex to hepatocarcinogenesis.

    Evidence ChIP, EMSA, DNase I footprinting, and reporter assays in rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells

    PMID:14960151

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MafK occupancy changes during tumor progression not tracked longitudinally
    • Mechanism of selective Nrf2/MafK recruitment in preneoplastic cells unknown
  7. 2008 High

    Showing that NF-κB p65 recruits HDAC3 to MafK at the ARE, causing histone deacetylation and silencing of Nrf2 targets, revealed MafK as a scaffold integrating inflammatory (NF-κB) and antioxidant (Nrf2) signaling at chromatin.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, reporter assay, and siRNA in human cells

    PMID:18241676

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HDAC3/MafK interaction is direct or bridged by other factors not fully resolved
    • Genome-wide scope of NF-κB/MafK co-repression unknown
  8. 2013 High

    Demonstrating that TGF-β transcriptionally induces MafK (and Bach1) to suppress Nrf2 binding at the HO-1 ARE, and that JDP2 physically augments Nrf2/MafK DNA binding at ARE sites, defined upstream signals and cofactors that modulate the MafK partner-switching mechanism.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, ChIP, reporter assays, and Jdp2-knockout MEFs with ROS measurement

    PMID:23737527 PMID:24232097

    Open questions at the time
    • How TGF-β/Smad signaling mechanistically induces MafK transcription not fully delineated
    • Stoichiometric relationship among JDP2, Nrf2, and MafK at ARE not determined
  9. 2014 Medium

    ChIP in zebrafish showed that heme triggers displacement of Bach1b by Nrf2a at MafK-occupied MARE sites, providing direct in vivo evidence for the heme-dependent partner-exchange model at MafK-tethered elements.

    Evidence ChIP assay, reporter assay, and morpholino knockdown in zebrafish

    PMID:24652768

    Open questions at the time
    • Zebrafish ortholog findings require confirmation in mammalian systems
    • Kinetics and mechanism of heme-triggered exchange not resolved
  10. 2015 High

    Compound MafG-null/MafK-heterozygous mice developing progressive cataract extended MafK's physiological roles to lens maintenance and identified non-crystallin oxidative stress and sterol synthesis genes as collaborative MafG/MafK targets.

    Evidence Compound allelic mouse model with phenotyping and microarray expression profiling of lens tissue

    PMID:25896808

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ChIP validation of MafK occupancy at identified lens target genes not performed
    • Whether cataract phenotype is Nrf2-dependent not tested
  11. 2017 High

    Identifying MAFK as a TGF-β-induced driver of EMT and GPNMB transcription in triple-negative breast cancer connected MafK's transcriptional function to tumor invasion and defined a specific oncogenic target gene.

    Evidence MAFK overexpression/knockdown, in vivo mouse tumor implantation, EMT phenotyping, and transcriptional target analysis in TNBC cells

    PMID:28400538

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MAFK acts via Nrf2 or other partners to induce GPNMB not determined
    • Genome-wide MAFK cistrome in TNBC not mapped
    • Therapeutic relevance of MAFK inhibition not tested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A genome-wide map of MAFK's chromatin occupancy across tissues, and the rules governing competitive partner selection (Nrf2 vs. Bach1 vs. other CNC factors) at individual loci, remain undefined.
  • No structural model of MafK heterodimer selectivity exists
  • Genome-wide ChIP-seq across tissues and conditions not comprehensively reported
  • Post-translational regulation of MafK protein stability and partner affinity largely unexplored

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 8 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3
Partners
BACH1BACH2HDAC3JDP2MAFGNFE2NRF2RELA
Complex memberships
Bach1/MafKBach2/MafKNF-E2 (p45/MafK)Nrf2/MafK

Evidence

Reading pass · 18 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1993 MafK encodes a small nuclear bZIP protein that lacks a transcriptional activation domain; when overexpressed via retroviral vector in chicken embryo fibroblasts, MafK protein localizes predominantly to the nucleus and does not induce morphological transformation but can promote colony formation in soft agar at low efficiency. Retroviral overexpression, immunofluorescence/subcellular fractionation, soft-agar colony assay Oncogene Medium 8361754
1995 MafK binds to consensus NF-E2 sites in vitro in the absence of the large subunit p45, forming homodimers that repress transcription of NF-E2 site-dependent reporter genes; in the presence of p45, MafK confers sequence-specific DNA-binding activity to p45, and p45 in turn mediates transcriptional activation through its proline-rich domain. EMSA (in vitro DNA binding), transient transfection reporter assay, co-expression of p45 and MafK The Journal of biological chemistry High 7706310
1995 Conditional overexpression of MafK in murine erythroleukemia cells induces hemoglobin accumulation (terminal erythroid differentiation) and increases NF-E2 DNA-binding activity containing MafK, demonstrating that MafK promotes the erythroid differentiation program. Metallothionein-inducible overexpression, hemoglobin assay, EMSA Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 7638211
1996 Bach1 and Bach2 interact with MafK via bZIP heterodimerization (identified by yeast two-hybrid and confirmed in vitro binding to NF-E2 sites); Bach1/MafK and Bach2/MafK heterodimers bind NF-E2 recognition elements and function as transcriptional repressors in fibroblasts but show activator or repressor activity in erythroid cells depending on context. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro EMSA, transient transfection reporter assay, native complex detection in brain cells Molecular and cellular biology High 8887638
1996 MafK expression during murine development is driven by two distinct promoters: a mesodermal promoter active from 7.5 dpc that directs expression in mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells, and a separate neuronal promoter located ~6 kb 3′ that drives MafK expression in neurons from ~13 dpc onward; in neurons, MafK associates with a partner molecule distinct from p45. Northern blot during development, transgenic reporter mice, in situ hybridization, co-immunoprecipitation Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms High 9140066
1996 Targeted disruption of the p18 NF-E2 (MafK) gene in mice yields viable, healthy animals with normal erythropoiesis; NF-E2 heterodimer DNA-binding activity is retained in fetal liver erythroid cells of p18 NF-E2−/− mice, indicating that another small Maf family member can substitute for MafK in the p45/small-Maf NF-E2 complex in vivo. Homologous recombination knockout, EMSA on fetal liver nuclear extracts, phenotypic characterization Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8622968
1997 MafK (NF-E2p18) overexpression in Friend erythroleukemia cells increases NF-E2 DNA-binding activity and globin gene expression, while antisense inhibition of MafK blocks DMSO-induced differentiation; MafK is required to enhance NF-E2-dependent transcriptional activation during erythroid differentiation. Stable antisense/sense transfection, globin RT-PCR, EMSA, transient transfection reporter assay Leukemia High 9009092
2000 The mafK hematopoietic and cardiac enhancer (HCEK), located 3′ to the mafK gene, drives tissue-specific expression in hematopoietic and cardiac muscle cells through two critical GATA-binding motifs; GATA-1 occupies these sites in hematopoietic cells and GATA-4/-6 in cardiac tissue, demonstrating that distinct GATA factors regulate mafK transcription through the same cis-element. Transgenic mouse reporter assay, EMSA with GATA factors, deletion/mutation analysis of enhancer The EMBO journal High 10856242
2000 Compound homozygous mafG/mafK null mice die postnatally and display severe anemia with abnormal erythrocyte morphology and membrane protein composition, profound thrombocytopenia due to defective proplatelet formation, and neurological disorders, demonstrating that MafK and MafG functionally collaborate to regulate erythropoiesis, megakaryopoiesis, and neurological function. Compound germline knockout, hematological analysis, erythrocyte membrane protein analysis, platelet counts The EMBO journal High 10716933
2000 MafG and MafK homodimers bind the antioxidant response element (ARE) of the NQO1 gene in vitro; overexpression of either small Maf protein negatively regulates ARE-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of NQO1 and GST Ya genes by competing with Nrf2, while Maf-Nrf1 heterodimers fail to bind the NQO1 ARE. EMSA (band and supershift assay), transient transfection reporter assay in HepG2 cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 11013233
2002 MafK is an NGF-responsive immediate early gene in PC12 cells; NGF selectively elevates MafK transcript and protein levels through an atypical PKC isoform (but not MEK, PLCγ, or PI3K). Suppression of MafK by siRNA or dominant-negative strategies inhibits NGF-promoted neurite outgrowth and maintenance, establishing MafK as a regulator of neuronal differentiation downstream of NGF/PKC signaling. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), Northern/Western blot, pharmacological inhibitors, siRNA knockdown, dominant-negative overexpression, neurite outgrowth assay The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience High 12388604
2004 The Nrf2/MafK heterodimer binds the GST-P gene enhancer element GPE1 in vitro (EMSA and footprinting) and activates GST-P reporter gene expression; chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates that both Nrf2 and MafK occupy GPE1 in pre-neoplastic hepatocytes and hepatoma cells but not in normal hepatocytes, establishing the Nrf2/MafK heterodimer as the activator of GST-P during hepatocarcinogenesis. EMSA, DNase I footprinting, luciferase reporter assay, ChIP, Northern blot The Biochemical journal High 14960151
2008 NF-κB p65 recruits HDAC3 to the ARE by facilitating the interaction of HDAC3 with MafK (as well as with CBP), leading to local histone deacetylation and repression of ARE-driven gene expression; this identifies MafK as a direct co-repressor scaffold at the ARE for HDAC3 in the context of NF-κB-mediated suppression of Nrf2 target genes. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, overexpression Biochimica et biophysica acta High 18241676
2013 TGF-β induces transcription of MafK (and Bach1); elevated MafK expression is sufficient to suppress electrophile-inducible HO-1 expression even in the presence of nuclear Nrf2. Pretreatment with TGF-β suppresses Nrf2 binding to ARE sites E1 and E2 while marginally increasing MafK binding to E2 together with Smads. siRNA knockdown of MafK and Bach1 together abolishes TGF-β-dependent HO-1 suppression. siRNA knockdown, ChIP, Western blot, reporter assay, overexpression The Journal of biological chemistry High 23737527
2013 JDP2 directly binds the ARE core sequence and physically associates with both Nrf2 and MafK via bZIP domains; JDP2 increases DNA-binding activity of the Nrf2-MafK complex to the ARE and is required for full transcriptional activation of ARE-dependent genes including HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, NQO1; Jdp2-knockout MEFs show impaired ARE-gene induction and accumulate intracellular ROS. ChIP-qPCR, EMSA, ARE-reporter assay, Jdp2 knockout MEFs, ROS measurement Cell death & disease High 24232097
2015 Compound Mafg−/−:Mafk+/− mice develop progressive lens defects and cataract by 4 months; microarray profiling of lens identifies 97 differentially regulated genes including oxidative stress, sterol synthesis, and other non-crystallin cataract-associated genes, establishing MafK (in cooperation with MafG) as a transcriptional regulator of non-crystallin genes in lens fiber cells. Compound null-allelic mouse genetics, phenotypic characterization, microarray expression profiling, bioinformatics integration with known Maf binding motifs Human genetics High 25896808
2017 MAFK is induced by TGF-β signaling in triple-negative breast cancer; overexpression of MAFK in mouse mammary NMuMG cells induces EMT phenotypes and promotes tumor formation and invasion in vivo; MAFK directly drives transcription of GPNMB. Knockdown of MAFK in tumor cells suppresses tumor growth and progression, identifying GPNMB as a functionally important MAFK target gene in TNBC malignant progression. MAFK overexpression and knockdown (siRNA/shRNA), in vivo mouse subcutaneous implantation, EMT phenotyping, transcriptional reporter/target gene analysis Science signaling High 28400538
2014 In zebrafish, MafK partners with Bach1b at MARE sites in zymogen gene promoters to repress transcription, and partners with Nrf2a to activate transcription; heme stimulates exchange of Bach1b for Nrf2a at MafK-occupied MARE sites as shown by ChIP. This reveals MafK as the DNA-tethering subunit mediating heme-dependent switching between repressive Bach1b-MafK and activating Nrf2a-MafK heterodimers. ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay, overexpression and morpholino knockdown in zebrafish Disease models & mechanisms Medium 24652768

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1994 Growth suppression by p18, a p16INK4/MTS1- and p14INK4B/MTS2-related CDK6 inhibitor, correlates with wild-type pRb function. Genes & development 765 8001816
1995 Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. Molecular and cellular biology 618 7739547
2008 NF-kappaB/p65 antagonizes Nrf2-ARE pathway by depriving CBP from Nrf2 and facilitating recruitment of HDAC3 to MafK. Biochimica et biophysica acta 576 18241676
1996 Bach proteins belong to a novel family of BTB-basic leucine zipper transcription factors that interact with MafK and regulate transcription through the NF-E2 site. Molecular and cellular biology 567 8887638
1998 Review of alterations of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor INK4 family genes p15, p16, p18 and p19 in human leukemia-lymphoma cells. Leukemia 350 9639410
1998 CDK inhibitors p18(INK4c) and p27(Kip1) mediate two separate pathways to collaboratively suppress pituitary tumorigenesis. Genes & development 330 9744866
2012 Elevation of highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC) by hepatitis B virus X protein promotes hepatoma cell proliferation via down-regulating p18. The Journal of biological chemistry 304 22685290
1995 Mutations in the p16INK4/MTS1/CDKN2, p15INK4B/MTS2, and p18 genes in primary and metastatic lung cancer. Cancer research 271 7882351
2009 The novel lipid raft adaptor p18 controls endosome dynamics by anchoring the MEK-ERK pathway to late endosomes. The EMBO journal 270 19177150
1999 Role of PPARgamma in regulating a cascade expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p18(INK4c) and p21(Waf1/Cip1), during adipogenesis. The Journal of biological chemistry 268 10358062
2000 Limited overlapping roles of P15(INK4b) and P18(INK4c) cell cycle inhibitors in proliferation and tumorigenesis. The EMBO journal 225 10880462
2001 Alterations of the tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A (p16(INK4a)), p14(ARF), CDKN2B (p15(INK4b)), and CDKN2C (p18(INK4c)) in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. The American journal of pathology 219 11485924
2016 Small Maf proteins (MafF, MafG, MafK): History, structure and function. Gene 198 27058431
2000 Small maf (MafG and MafK) proteins negatively regulate antioxidant response element-mediated expression and antioxidant induction of the NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase1 gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 183 11013233
1995 Analysis of a family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: p15/MTS2/INK4B, p16/MTS1/INK4A, and p18 genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood. Blood 171 7606004
1993 Two new members of the maf oncogene family, mafK and mafF, encode nuclear b-Zip proteins lacking putative trans-activator domain. Oncogene 162 8361754
2001 Involvement of p21(WAF1/Cip1), p27(Kip1), and p18(INK4c) in troglitazone-induced cell-cycle arrest in human hepatoma cell lines. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 148 11343236
1997 Induction of cell cycle arrest and B cell terminal differentiation by CDK inhibitor p18(INK4c) and IL-6. Immunity 132 9052836
2012 The small MAF transcription factors MAFF, MAFG and MAFK: current knowledge and perspectives. Biochimica et biophysica acta 127 22721719
2005 The haploinsufficient tumor suppressor p18 upregulates p53 via interactions with ATM/ATR. Cell 121 15680327
2004 Transcription factor Nrf2/MafK regulates rat placental glutathione S-transferase gene during hepatocarcinogenesis. The Biochemical journal 115 14960151
1995 Activity and expression of murine small Maf family protein MafK. The Journal of biological chemistry 106 7706310
2003 Cleavage of Bax to p18 Bax accelerates stress-induced apoptosis, and a cathepsin-like protease may rapidly degrade p18 Bax. Blood 104 12816867
2005 Hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion impacted by p18 INK4C and p21 Cip1/Waf1 in opposite manners. Blood 102 16234365
1994 Regulation of phosphoprotein p18 in leukemic cells. Cell cycle regulated phosphorylation by p34cdc2 kinase. The Journal of biological chemistry 100 8144611
2006 Single-assay combination of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) EBNA1- and viral capsid antigen-p18-derived synthetic peptides for measuring anti-EBV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody levels in sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: options for field screening. Journal of clinical microbiology 96 16597877
2001 Control of spermatogenesis in mice by the cyclin D-dependent kinase inhibitors p18(Ink4c) and p19(Ink4d). Molecular and cellular biology 94 11287627
1996 Alterations of the p15, p16,and p18 genes in osteosarcoma. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics 92 8603340
2001 Antibacterial, antitumor and hemolytic activities of alpha-helical antibiotic peptide, P18 and its analogs. The journal of peptide research : official journal of the American Peptide Society 87 12005420
2002 CDK inhibitor p18(INK4c) is required for the generation of functional plasma cells. Immunity 86 12196289
2003 Haploinsufficiency of p18(INK4c) sensitizes mice to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis. Molecular and cellular biology 83 12556487
2000 Perinatal synthetic lethality and hematopoietic defects in compound mafG::mafK mutant mice. The EMBO journal 78 10716933
2017 The transcription factor MAFK induces EMT and malignant progression of triple-negative breast cancer cells through its target GPNMB. Science signaling 71 28400538
1996 The p18 component of the multisynthetase complex shares a protein motif with the beta and gamma subunits of eukaryotic elongation factor 1. FEBS letters 71 8849690
1996 Antisense RNA inhibition of phosphoprotein p18 expression abrogates the transformed phenotype of leukemic cells. Cancer research 65 8640838
2003 Antitumour effect of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16(INK4A), p18(INK4C), p19(INK4D), p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1)) on malignant glioma cells. British journal of cancer 64 12698196
2000 Cooperation of p27(Kip1) and p18(INK4c) in progestin-mediated cell cycle arrest in T-47D breast cancer cells. Molecular and cellular biology 64 10713180
2002 Posttranscriptional regulation of p18 and p27 Cdk inhibitor proteins and the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Developmental biology 63 11969268
1995 Conditional expression of the ubiquitous transcription factor MafK induces erythroleukemia cell differentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 63 7638211
1998 The crystal structure of H-2Dd MHC class I complexed with the HIV-1-derived peptide P18-I10 at 2.4 A resolution: implications for T cell and NK cell recognition. Immunity 62 9729040
1990 Amino acid sequence and characterization of a heparin-binding neurite-promoting factor (p18) from bovine brain. The Journal of biological chemistry 62 2229039
2013 Jun dimerization protein 2 is a critical component of the Nrf2/MafK complex regulating the response to ROS homeostasis. Cell death & disease 57 24232097
2014 miR-543 and miR-590-3p regulate human mesenchymal stem cell aging via direct targeting of AIMP3/p18. Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 53 25465621
2013 Transforming growth factor-β induces transcription factors MafK and Bach1 to suppress expression of the heme oxygenase-1 gene. The Journal of biological chemistry 53 23737527
1996 Intragenic mutations of the p16(INK4), p15(INK4B) and p18 genes in primary non-small-cell lung cancers. International journal of cancer 53 8631583
2006 Characterization of the Babesia gibsoni P18 as a homologue of thrombospondin related adhesive protein. Molecular and biochemical parasitology 52 16675041
2018 UBE3A-mediated p18/LAMTOR1 ubiquitination and degradation regulate mTORC1 activity and synaptic plasticity. eLife 50 30020076
2010 In silico structural and functional analysis of fragments of the ankyrin repeat protein p18(INK4c). Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 49 19916573
2009 P18 is a tumor suppressor gene involved in human medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma development. International journal of cancer 48 18942719
2002 Frequent inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p18 by homozygous deletion in multiple myeloma cell lines: ectopic p18 expression inhibits growth and induces apoptosis. Leukemia 48 11840272
1996 Biochemical characterization of p16INK4- and p18-containing complexes in human cell lines. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 8663131
2015 Compound mouse mutants of bZIP transcription factors Mafg and Mafk reveal a regulatory network of non-crystallin genes associated with cataract. Human genetics 46 25896808
1996 Molecular analysis of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family: p16(CDKN2/MTS1/INK4A), p18(INK4C) and p27(Kip1) genes in neuroblastomas. Cancer 45 8630967
1995 Structural integrity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes, p15, p16 and p18 in myeloid leukaemias. British journal of haematology 45 7577621
2015 Small-molecule inhibitors targeting INK4 protein p18(INK4C) enhance ex vivo expansion of haematopoietic stem cells. Nature communications 43 25692908
1996 Complexity of the erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 as revealed by gene targeting of the mouse p18 NF-E2 locus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 8622968
2008 Identification of p18 INK4c as a tumor suppressor gene in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer research 42 18381405
2006 p18 Ink4c and Pten constrain a positive regulatory loop between cell growth and cell cycle control. Molecular and cellular biology 42 16738322
2001 An important role of CDK inhibitor p18(INK4c) in modulating antigen receptor-mediated T cell proliferation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 42 11544316
1996 Role of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor gene family p15, p16, p18 and p19 in leukemia and lymphoma. Leukemia & lymphoma 42 9031081
2011 The late endosome/lysosome-anchored p18-mTORC1 pathway controls terminal maturation of lysosomes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 40 22227194
2010 Downregulation of lamin A by tumor suppressor AIMP3/p18 leads to a progeroid phenotype in mice. Aging cell 40 20726853
2014 Oleanolic acid regulates NF-κB signaling by suppressing MafK expression in RAW 264.7 cells. BMB reports 39 25059280
2010 MEN-4 and other multiple endocrine neoplasias due to cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p27(Kip1) and p18(INK4C)) mutations. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 39 20833334
2004 Reduced expression of cell cycle regulator p18(INK4C) in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 39 15349907
2002 The basic region and leucine zipper transcription factor MafK is a new nerve growth factor-responsive immediate early gene that regulates neurite outgrowth. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 37 12388604
1996 Mesodermal- vs. neuronal-specific expression of MafK is elicited by different promoters. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 37 9140066
2013 The lysosomal signaling anchor p18/LAMTOR1 controls epidermal development by regulating lysosome-mediated catabolic processes. Journal of cell science 36 23781028
2008 Synergistic effect of oncogenic RET and loss of p18 on medullary thyroid carcinoma development. Cancer research 36 18316595
2008 Determination of three-dimensional structure and residues of the novel tumor suppressor AIMP3/p18 required for the interaction with ATM. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 18343821
2003 The p18 truncated form of Bax behaves like a Bcl-2 homology domain 3-only protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 14681224
2014 p18/LAMTOR1: a late endosome/lysosome-specific anchor protein for the mTORC1/MAPK signaling pathway. Methods in enzymology 35 24377928
2006 A protective immune response is generated in rainbow trout by an OmpH-like surface antigen (P18) of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Applied and environmental microbiology 35 16820479
1999 Tumor suppressor INK4: comparisons of conformational properties between p16(INK4A) and p18(INK4C). Journal of molecular biology 35 10556039
2002 Differential induction of mafF, mafG and mafK expression by electrophile-response-element activators. The Biochemical journal 33 11772409
1991 Regulated expression of p18, a major phosphoprotein of leukemic cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 33 1939149
1990 A gene that encodes for a leukemia-associated phosphoprotein (p18) maps to chromosome bands 1p35-36.1. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 33 2278968
1997 Parathyroid tumor suppressor on 1p: analysis of the p18 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene as a candidate. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 32 9286748
1988 Monoclonal antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus p18 protein cross-react with normal human tissues. AIDS (London, England) 32 2456086
1987 Bacterial metabolism of alpha-pinene: pathway from alpha-pinene oxide to acyclic metabolites in Nocardia sp. strain P18.3. Journal of bacteriology 32 3667521
2009 Expression of p18(INK4C) is down-regulated in human pituitary adenomas. Endocrine pathology 28 19401813
2014 p18, a novel adaptor protein, regulates pulmonary endothelial barrier function via enhanced endocytic recycling of VE-cadherin. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 26 25404710
1997 NF-E2p18/mafK is required in DMSO-induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells by enhancing NF-E2 activity. Leukemia 26 9009092
2021 Optimization of Jiuzao protein hydrolysis conditions and antioxidant activity in vivo of Jiuzao tetrapeptide Asp-Arg-Glu-Leu by elevating the Nrf2/Keap1-p38/PI3K-MafK signaling pathway. Food & function 25 33876788
2014 High prevalence of Y-box protein-1/p18 fragment in plasma of patients with malignancies of different origin. BMC cancer 25 24443788
2006 Simultaneous downregulation of CDK inhibitors p18(Ink4c) and p27(Kip1) is required for MEN2A-RET-mediated mitogenesis. Oncogene 25 16953232
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