Leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor · UniProt P29376
LTK is a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the secreted ALKAL/FAM150/AUG cytokines, transducing signals that govern cell differentiation, neuronal polarity, secretory proteostasis, and—when constitutively activated—oncogenic transformation (PMID:25331893, PMID:31227593, PMID:34819663). The full-length human protein is a glycosylated transmembrane receptor with an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain that is catalytically active (PMID:1655406, PMID:8427607). ALKAL2/FAM150B (AUG-α) and ALKAL1/FAM150A (AUG-β) are its activating ligands, the latter binding the LTK extracellular domain with picomolar affinity and stimulating ligand-dependent phosphorylation; AUG-α activates both LTK and ALK while AUG-β is LTK-selective, and the compact augmentor domain is the minimal active unit (PMID:25331893, PMID:26630010, PMID:30061385). Upon activation, kinase-active LTK recruits PLC-γ1, the p85 subunit of PI3K, GAP, and Raf-1 in a kinase-dependent manner and drives Shc/ERK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT signaling (PMID:8084603, PMID:22347506). A distinct pool of LTK is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum through dual transmembrane topology and a calnexin complex, and ER-resident LTK phosphorylates Sec12 to promote ER exit site formation and ER-to-Golgi transport, thereby sustaining secretory output (PMID:8995435, PMID:31227593). Physiologically, LTK is required for iridophore differentiation from neural crest-derived pigment progenitors in zebrafish and axolotl (PMID:29078341, PMID:37107662), and it controls neuronal axon-dendrite polarity and cortical migration by suppressing cell-surface IGF1R/PI3K signaling (PMID:37291945). Gain-of-function kinase-domain mutations and the CLIP1-LTK fusion constitutively activate the kinase to transform cells and drive cancer, with the fusion conferring sensitivity to the ALK inhibitor lorlatinib and defining clinically relevant resistance mutations (PMID:22347506, PMID:34819663, PMID:38575808).
Established that human LTK encodes a conventional, catalytically active receptor tyrosine kinase, defining its core molecular identity.
Evidence cDNA cloning and in vitro kinase assay of the COS-1-expressed product
Resolved that LTK exists as multiple tissue-specific isoforms differing in translational initiation, extracellular domain length, and subcellular localization, including ER-resident forms.
Evidence cDNA cloning, Northern blot, alternative-splicing and subcellular localization analysis of mouse ltk; immune-complex kinase assay on native human protein
Defined the proximal signaling output of activated LTK by showing kinase-dependent recruitment of SH2 effectors, linking LTK to PLC, PI3K, and Ras-MAPK pathways.
Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation with PLC-γ1, p85, GAP, Raf-1 and a kinase-dead K544M control in COS cells
Explained ER retention of a lymphocyte LTK isoform through dual transmembrane topology and calnexin association, establishing an intracellular receptor pool.
Evidence Subcellular fractionation, calnexin co-IP, and topology mutagenesis in transfected cells
Showed that LTK kinase can autoactivate at intracellular membranes in vivo, producing a pathological organ phenotype.
Evidence Transgenic mouse overexpression with biochemical confirmation of cardiac LTK activation and ER localization
Isolated the LTK intracellular domain as sufficient to drive neurite outgrowth via PI3K and MAPK, linking LTK signaling to neuronal differentiation.
Evidence CSF1R-LTK chimeric receptor activation with pathway inhibitors in neurite outgrowth assays
Demonstrated that gain-of-function mutations transform LTK into an oncogenic driver, establishing its transformation potential and downstream signaling.
Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis (F568L, R669Q), cytokine-independent and soft-agar growth assays, signaling Western blots
Identified ALKAL1/2 (FAM150A/B) as activating ligands and defined receptor selectivity, finally pairing LTK with its physiological agonists.
Evidence Extracellular proteome signaling screen, picomolar binding affinity measurement, and phosphorylation assays for LTK vs ALK
Assigned LTK a defined developmental function by showing it specifically mediates iridophore differentiation downstream of AUG ligands.
Evidence Zebrafish genetic knockout, phenotypic pigment-pattern analysis, and ligand-receptor epistasis
Defined the minimal active augmentor domain and the structural determinants of ligand dimerization required to activate LTK and ALK.
Evidence Mass spectrometry mapping of disulfide bridges plus phosphorylation, MAPK, soft-agar, and differentiation assays
Uncovered a non-canonical ER-resident LTK function by identifying Sec12 as a substrate controlling ER exit sites and secretory transport.
Evidence siRNA knockdown, pharmacologic inhibition, ER exit-site imaging, ER-to-Golgi transport assay, Sec12 co-IP, and phosphoablating mutant
Established CLIP1-LTK as a recurrent oncogenic fusion and a druggable target, translating LTK kinase activation into a clinical mechanism.
Evidence Whole-transcriptome sequencing, Ba/F3 transformation and kinase assays, lorlatinib response
Placed LTK upstream of IGF1R/PI3K in neuronal polarity, defining a physiological negative-regulatory circuit controlling axon number and cortical migration.
Evidence Primary neuron and in vivo mouse knockout, epistasis, cell-surface IGF1R and PI3K signaling assays
Confirmed conservation of LTK's iridophore role by identifying it as the Mendelian determinant of the melanoid axolotl variant.
Evidence Bulked segregant RNA-Seq, SNP mapping, and CRISPR crispant phenocopy
Mapped clinically actionable lorlatinib-resistance mutations in CLIP1-LTK and a second-line therapeutic option, advancing the cancer-targeting model.
Evidence In vitro kinase resistance and Ba/F3 assays, mouse xenograft, in silico docking; gilteritinib rescue
Provided structural evidence that LTK and ALK share a common receptor dimerization mode with mixed 2:2 and 2:1 ligand stoichiometries.
Evidence Cryo-EM reanalysis to 3.2 Å and comparison with ALK-ALKAL2 and LTK-ALKAL1 crystal structures (preprint)
PMID:bio_10.1101_2024.08.08.607122
Extended LTK's ER-proteostasis function to disease, showing that its inhibition collapses secretory capacity in myeloma and that its loss reshapes immune signaling in autoimmunity.
Evidence LTK inhibitor treatment with Ig-retention and ER-stress readouts in primary myeloma cells; lentiviral LTK knockdown with CXCL13/M2 polarization analysis in NOD mice
| Year | Finding | Method | Journal | Conf | PMIDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Mouse ltk uses an upstream non-AUG (CUG) translational initiator and produces a glycoprotein receptor of approximately 69 kDa with a small extracellular domain; it is expressed in pre-B lymphocytes and adult brain neurons (cerebral cortex and hippocampus), with expression lost upon in vitro maturation of pre-B into B cells. | In vitro translation, transfection, Northern blot, immunostaining | The EMBO journal | Medium | 2357970 |
| 1991 | Full-length human LTK cDNA encodes a conventional receptor tyrosine kinase with an ATG start codon, secretory signal, 347 amino acid extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, and intracellular kinase domain (~100 kDa); the protein expressed in COS-1 cells is glycosylated and possesses in vitro kinase activity. | cDNA cloning, in vitro transcription/translation, COS-1 transfection, in vitro kinase assay, RNase protection analysis | The EMBO journal | High | 1655406 |
| 1993 | Mice tissue-specifically express four ltk mRNAs: two lymphoid/brain forms using CUG start codons with a short extracellular domain, and two neuroblastoma forms using AUG start codons with larger extracellular domains. At least one of the larger C1300 neuroblastoma Ltk receptors shares endoplasmic reticulum localization with the shorter lymphoid isoform. | cDNA cloning, Northern blot, alternative splicing analysis, subcellular localization | Oncogene | Medium | 8380920 |
| 1993 | The human LTK protein (100 kDa) expressed in human placenta and hematopoietic cell lines possesses tyrosine kinase activity as detected by in vitro immune complex kinase assay with anti-LTK monoclonal antibodies. | Immunoprecipitation, in vitro immune complex kinase assay, Western blot | Biochemical and biophysical research communications | Medium | 8427607 |
| 1994 | Wild-type human LTK is tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo and associates with the SH2-containing signaling proteins PLC-γ1, the p85 subunit of PI3-K, and GAP, as well as with the serine/threonine kinase Raf-1. A kinase-dead mutant (K544M) fails to associate with any of these proteins, demonstrating that these interactions depend on LTK kinase activity. | Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay, Western blot, kinase-dead mutant analysis in COS cells | Oncogene | High | 8084603 |
| 1997 | A lymphocyte-specific murine Ltk isoform is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and exhibits dual Nexo/Ccyt and Ncyt/Cexo transmembrane topology; ER retention correlates with formation of a complex with the chaperone calnexin. Mutants with increased positive charges downstream of the transmembrane segment adopt conventional Nexo/Ccyt orientation and traffic to the cell surface. | Transfection, subcellular fractionation, co-immunoprecipitation with calnexin, transmembrane topology analysis, mutagenesis | The Journal of biological chemistry | High | 8995435 |
| 1999 | In transgenic mice with broad LTK overexpression, LTK kinase activation (tyrosine phosphorylation, kinase activity, multimerization) occurs selectively in the heart where LTK localizes to intracellular membranes, presumably the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte degeneration, and fetal gene reprogramming. | Transgenic mouse generation, echocardiography, histology, immunoprecipitation/kinase assay, subcellular fractionation | Oncogene | Medium | 10445845 |
| 2004 | A gain-of-function polymorphism in the LTK kinase domain near the YXXM motif (p85 PI3K binding motif) in NZB mice and some SLE patients leads to upregulation of the PI3K pathway and abnormal B1 cell proliferation. | Sequence analysis, functional kinase assay, PI3K pathway activity measurement, genetic association | Human molecular genetics | Medium | 14695357 |
| 2008 | Activation of LTK kinase activity via a chimeric CSF1R-LTK receptor (extracellular domain of CSF1R fused to intracellular domain of LTK) is sufficient to promote neurite outgrowth through pathways including PI3K and MAPK. | Chimeric receptor expression, CSF-1 stimulation, neurite outgrowth assay, PI3K/MAPK pathway inhibition | Neuroreport | Medium | 18849880 |
| 2012 | LTK mutant F568L (corresponding to ALK F1174L) constitutively activates LTK kinase, transforms hematopoietic cells to cytokine independence, induces anchorage-independent growth, and activates Shc, ERK, and JAK/STAT signaling. LTK R669Q has weaker transforming activity. Wild-type LTK is non-transforming. | Site-directed mutagenesis, cytokine-independent growth assay, soft agar colony formation, PC12 neurite outgrowth, Western blot for downstream signaling | PloS one | High | 22347506 |
| 2014 | FAM150A (AUG-β) and FAM150B (AUG-α) are ligands for LTK; FAM150A binds the LTK extracellular domain with high affinity (KD = 28 pM) and stimulates LTK phosphorylation in a ligand-dependent manner. | Extracellular proteome signaling screen (3,191 proteins), LTK phosphorylation assay, binding affinity measurement (KD determination) | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | High | 25331893 |
| 2015 | AUG-α (FAM150B) binds and robustly activates both ALK and LTK, whereas AUG-β (FAM150A/ALKAL1) is specific for LTK and only weakly binds ALK. AUG-α stimulates transformation of NIH/3T3 cells expressing ALK and IL-3-independent growth of Ba/F3 cells expressing ALK. | Cell-based binding assays, receptor phosphorylation assays, NIH/3T3 transformation assay, Ba/F3 cytokine-independent growth assay | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | High | 26630010 |
| 2017 | In zebrafish, Ltk (not Alk) mediates iridophore differentiation from neural crest-derived cells and pigment progenitor cells in a tissue-specific manner in response to aug-α1, aug-α2, and aug-β ligands. Deficiency in Ltk phenocopies ligand deficiency in iridophore patterning. | Zebrafish genetic knockdown/knockout, phenotypic analysis of pigment cell patterning, genetic epistasis | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | High | 29078341 |
| 2018 | The augmentor domain (AD) of AUG-α contains four conserved cysteines forming two intramolecular disulfide bridges, while a fifth primate-specific cysteine in the N-terminal variable region mediates AUG-α dimerization. Both full-length AUG-α and the AD deletion mutant (lacking dimerization) stimulate similar LTK and ALK tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream responses, demonstrating that the augmentor domain is the minimal biologically active unit. | Mass spectrometry, biochemical purification, ALK/LTK phosphorylation assays, MAP kinase assay, soft agar colony formation, neuronal differentiation assay | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | High | 30061385 |
| 2019 | LTK is an ER-resident receptor tyrosine kinase. Depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of LTK reduces the number of ER exit sites and slows ER-to-Golgi transport. LTK physically interacts with and phosphorylates Sec12; a phosphoablating mutant of Sec12 reduces ER export efficiency, defining an LTK-Sec12 ER-resident signaling module that regulates proteostasis. | siRNA knockdown, pharmacologic inhibition, live-cell imaging of ER exit sites, ER-to-Golgi transport assay, co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assay, Sec12 phosphoablating mutant | The Journal of cell biology | High | 31227593 |
| 2021 | The CLIP1-LTK fusion protein has constitutively activated kinase activity and transformation potential; Ba/F3 cells expressing CLIP1-LTK undergo apoptosis and proliferation suppression upon treatment with the ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. | Whole-transcriptome sequencing, Ba/F3 transformation assay, kinase activity assay, lorlatinib treatment | Nature | High | 34819663 |
| 2023 | Loss of Ltk and/or Alk in primary mouse embryonic neurons causes a multiple-axon phenotype and delays neuronal migration and cortical patterning in vivo. Mechanistically, loss of Alk and Ltk increases cell-surface expression and activity of Igf-1r, which activates PI3K signaling to drive the excess axon phenotype, placing LTK upstream of Igf-1r/PI3K in neuronal polarity. | Primary neuron knockout, mouse embryo/newborn analysis, epistasis experiments, cell-surface Igf-1r measurement, PI3K signaling assays | EMBO reports | High | 37291945 |
| 2023 | Leukocyte tyrosine kinase (Ltk) is the Mendelian determinant of the melanoid axolotl color variant, which lacks iridophores; Ltk CRISPR crispants phenocopy the melanoid loss of iridophores, consistent with Ltk's established role in iridophore differentiation. | Bulked segregant RNA-Seq, SNP mapping, CRISPR-Cas9 crispant generation and phenotypic analysis | Genes | Medium | 37107662 |
| 2024 | Eight LTK mutations corresponding to known ALK resistance mutations confer resistance to lorlatinib in CLIP1-LTK-driven NSCLC; the L650F mutation shows the highest resistance. Gilteritinib overcomes L650F-mediated resistance in vitro and in vivo. In silico modeling suggests L650F attenuates lorlatinib-LTK binding. | In vitro kinase resistance assay, Ba/F3 growth assay, mouse xenograft (in vivo), in silico docking | Communications biology | Medium | 38575808 |
| 2025 | LTK acts as a regulatory node in the proteostasis network in multiple myeloma cells; LTK inhibition using ALK inhibitors causes immunoglobulin retention in the ER, induces ER stress, and triggers apoptosis of primary MM cells, demonstrating LTK's role in maintaining high secretory output. | LTK inhibitor treatment, immunoglobulin secretion assay, ER stress markers, apoptosis assay in primary MM cells | Leukemia | Medium | 40634511 |
| 2024 | Cryo-EM reanalysis of ALK-ALKAL2 data reveals both 2:2 and 2:1 receptor:ligand stoichiometries; structural comparison with crystal structures of ALK-ALKAL2 and LTK-ALKAL1 at 2:1 stoichiometry demonstrates a common receptor dimerization mode for ALK and LTK. | Cryo-EM structure determination (reanalysis of EMPIAR-10930), particle classification, 3D reconstruction to 3.2 Å | bioRxivpreprint | Medium | bio_10.1101_2024.08.08.607122 |
| 2025 | LTK deficiency in salivary gland epithelial cells reduces CXCL13 expression, which in turn promotes macrophage M2 polarization; in NOD/ShiLtJ mice, LTK knockdown ameliorates submandibular gland tissue damage and reduces autoimmune antigen (Ro52/SSA, La/SSB) secretion, placing LTK upstream of a CXCL13-macrophage polarization axis in Sjögren's syndrome pathogenesis. | Lentiviral LTK knockdown, CXCL13 protein array, macrophage co-culture polarization assay, flow cytometry, NOD mouse in vivo model | Cytokine | Medium | 40154092 |
| Year | Title | Journal | Citations | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | ALK, the chromosome 2 gene locus altered by the t(2;5) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, encodes a novel neural receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly related to leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK). | Oncogene | 417 | 9174053 |
| 1990 | Differential coupling of dopaminergic D2 receptors expressed in different cell types. Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in LtK- fibroblasts, hyperpolarization, and cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration decrease in GH4C1 cells. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 251 | 2162345 |
| 1994 | Hyperphosphorylation of a novel 80 kDa protein-tyrosine kinase similar to Ltk in a human Ki-1 lymphoma cell line, AMS3. | Oncogene | 222 | 8183550 |
| 2015 | Augmentor α and β (FAM150) are ligands of the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK and LTK: Hierarchy and specificity of ligand-receptor interactions. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 117 | 26630010 |
| 1990 | The ltk receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in pre-B lymphocytes and cerebral neurons and uses a non-AUG translational initiator. | The EMBO journal | 88 | 2357970 |
| 1987 | Expression of hybrid (Na+ + K+)-ATPase molecules after transfection of mouse Ltk-cells with DNA encoding the beta-subunit of an avian brain sodium pump. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 88 | 3038895 |
| 1993 | Correction of the class H defect in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis in Ltk- cells by a human cDNA clone. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 79 | 8407896 |
| 2017 | Alk and Ltk ligands are essential for iridophore development in zebrafish mediated by the receptor tyrosine kinase Ltk. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 61 | 29078341 |
| 2021 | The CLIP1-LTK fusion is an oncogenic driver in non-small-cell lung cancer. | Nature | 58 | 34819663 |
| 1989 | Expression of human interleukin-2 in recombinant baby hamster kidney, Ltk-, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Structure of O-linked carbohydrate chains and their location within the polypeptide. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 53 | 2793860 |
| 2014 | Deorphanization of the human leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) receptor by a signaling screen of the extracellular proteome. | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 46 | 25331893 |
| 1990 | Human ltk: gene structure and preferential expression in human leukemic cells. | Oncogene research | 42 | 2320375 |
| 2019 | LTK is an ER-resident receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates secretion. | The Journal of cell biology | 36 | 31227593 |
| 2004 | Gain-of-function polymorphism in mouse and human Ltk: implications for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. | Human molecular genetics | 31 | 14695357 |
| 1996 | Dopamine D2L receptors stimulate Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity in murine LTK- cells. | Molecular pharmacology | 31 | 8632772 |
| 2012 | ALK-activating homologous mutations in LTK induce cellular transformation. | PloS one | 29 | 22347506 |
| 1991 | The ltk gene encodes a novel receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase. | The EMBO journal | 28 | 1655406 |
| 1996 | Differences in the operational characteristics of the human recombinant somatostatin receptor types, sst1 and sst2, in mouse fibroblast (Ltk-) cells. | British journal of pharmacology | 25 | 8646408 |
| 1984 | Transcription of intracisternal A-particle genes in mouse myeloma and Ltk- cells. | Journal of virology | 21 | 6481855 |
| 1993 | Beta-galactosidase activity in transfected Ltk- cells is differentially regulated in monolayer and in spheroid cultures. | Experimental cell research | 20 | 8319768 |
| 2002 | Process of apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha in murine fibroblast Ltk-cells: continuous observation with video enhanced contrast microscopy. | Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death | 19 | 11773708 |
| 1994 | Human ltk receptor tyrosine kinase binds to PLC-gamma 1, PI3-K, GAP and Raf-1 in vivo. | Oncogene | 16 | 8084603 |
| 2022 | LTK fusions: A new target emerges in non-small cell lung cancer. | Cancer cell | 14 | 35016028 |
| 2018 | Identification of a biologically active fragment of ALK and LTK-Ligand 2 (augmentor-α). | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 14 | 30061385 |
| 1999 | Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase stimulates extrachromosomal homologous recombination in mouse Ltk-fibroblasts. | Nucleic acids research | 14 | 10536164 |
| 1999 | Heart-specific activation of LTK results in cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte degeneration and gene reprogramming in transgenic mice. | Oncogene | 13 | 10445845 |
| 1994 | Forskolin-induced up-regulation and functional supersensitivity of dopamine D2long receptors expressed by Ltk- cells. | European journal of pharmacology | 13 | 7851491 |
| 1993 | Four tissue-specific mouse ltk mRNAs predict tyrosine kinases that differ upstream of their transmembrane segment. | Oncogene | 13 | 8380920 |
| 1982 | Structure of thymidine kinase gene introduced into mouse Ltk- cells by a new injection method. | Gene | 13 | 6292043 |
| 1995 | Rapid turnover and impaired cell-surface expression of the human folate receptor in mouse L(tk-) fibroblasts, a cell line defective in glycosylphosphatidylinositol tail synthesis. | Archives of biochemistry and biophysics | 12 | 7574680 |
| 2023 | LTK and ALK promote neuronal polarity and cortical migration by inhibiting IGF1R activity. | EMBO reports | 11 | 37291945 |
| 2024 | Spindle cell neoplasms with novel LTK fusion - Expanding the spectrum of kinase fusion-positive soft tissue tumors. | Genes, chromosomes & cancer | 9 | 38517106 |
| 2008 | Expression of a chimeric CSF1R-LTK mediates ligand-dependent neurite outgrowth. | Neuroreport | 9 | 18849880 |
| 1991 | Alternatively spliced ltk mRNA in neurons predicts a receptor with a larger putative extracellular domain. | Oncogene | 9 | 1662793 |
| 1987 | Differential expression of the HLA-B7 and the HLA-A2 gene in transfected mouse L(tk-) cells after stimulation by mouse interferon. | Immunobiology | 9 | 3494666 |
| 1985 | Susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of non-permissive rat XC(HPRT-) x permissive mouse L(TK-) hybrid cells. | The Journal of general virology | 9 | 2991444 |
| 1977 | Thymidine kinaseless revertants of Ltk- cells transformed by herpes simplex virus type 1 are resistant to retransformation by homologous virus. | Infection and immunity | 8 | 193795 |
| 2017 | Inhibitor repurposing reveals ALK, LTK, FGFR, RET and TRK kinases as the targets of AZD1480. | Oncotarget | 7 | 29312610 |
| 1995 | Coexpression of skeletal muscle voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha 1 and beta cDNAs in mouse Ltk- cells increases the amount of alpha 1 protein in the cell membrane. | Biochemical and biophysical research communications | 7 | 7598723 |
| 1993 | Identification of the human ltk gene product in placenta and hematopoietic cell lines. | Biochemical and biophysical research communications | 7 | 8427607 |
| 1999 | Stable expression of human glycine alpha1 and alpha2 homomeric receptors in mouse L(tk-) cells. | Journal of neuroscience methods | 6 | 10065998 |
| 1999 | Transient expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae endo-exonuclease NUD1 gene increases the frequency of extrachromosomal homologous recombination in mouse Ltk- fibroblasts. | Mutation research | 6 | 10556593 |
| 2023 | Leukocyte Tyrosine Kinase (Ltk) Is the Mendelian Determinant of the Axolotl Melanoid Color Variant. | Genes | 5 | 37107662 |
| 2021 | Comparative Genomics within and across Bilaterians Illuminates the Evolutionary History of ALK and LTK Proto-Oncogene Origination and Diversification. | Genome biology and evolution | 5 | 33196781 |
| 2007 | Characterization of human ASIC2a homomeric channels stably expressed in murine Ltk- cells. | Life sciences | 5 | 18054963 |
| 1995 | Production of bioactive enkephalin from the nonendocrine cell lines COS-7, NIH3T3, Ltk-, and C2C12. | Peptides | 5 | 7479338 |
| 1985 | Inhibition of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene transfection in Ltk- cells by potential Z-DNA forming polymers. | Nucleic acids research | 5 | 2991854 |
| 1997 | A lymphocyte-specific Ltk tyrosine kinase isoform is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in association with calnexin. | The Journal of biological chemistry | 4 | 8995435 |
| 1984 | Inactivation of the thymidine kinase gene after in vitro modification with benzo(a)pyrene-diol-epoxide and transfer to LTK- cells as a eukaryotic test for carcinogens. | Cancer research | 4 | 6437673 |
| 2003 | Rescue of hepatitis A virus from cDNA-transfected but not virion RNA-transfected mouse Ltk- cells. | Archives of virology | 3 | 15045562 |
| 1995 | Enhanced proteolytic processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein in murine Ltk(-) cells. | AIDS research and human retroviruses | 3 | 7734199 |
| 1993 | Differential recruitment of viral and allo-epitopes into the MHC class I antigen processing pathway of a novel mutant of Ltk- cells. HSV/MHC class I restriction/immune recognition/antigen processing/antigen presentation/influenza virus. | Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) | 3 | 7682234 |
| 2025 | LTK deficiency induces macrophage M2 polarization and ameliorates Sjogren's syndrome by reducing chemokine CXCL13. | Cytokine | 2 | 40154092 |
| 2025 | A Stranger in the Slide: A Rare Collision of a Spitz Melanocytoma With a Novel MYH9::LTK Fusion and a Common BRAF Mutated Nevus Mimicking a Melanoma With a Preexistent Nevus. | The American Journal of dermatopathology | 2 | 40560115 |
| 2025 | Targeting proteostasis in multiple myeloma through inhibition of LTK. | Leukemia | 2 | 40634511 |
| 2008 | Cell adhesion modulates 5-HT(1D) and P2Y receptor signal trafficking differentially in LTK-8 cells. | European journal of pharmacology | 2 | 18582865 |
| 2024 | LTK mutations responsible for resistance to lorlatinib in non-small cell lung cancer harboring CLIP1-LTK fusion. | Communications biology | 1 | 38575808 |
| 2021 | The CLIP1-LTK Fusion Is an Oncogenic Driver of NSCLC. | Cancer discovery | 1 | 34893497 |
| 1996 | High-level expression of rat D1A dopamine receptor cDNA in mouse fibroblast LTK- cells by n-butyrate. | Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology | 0 | 8819644 |
| 1994 | Expression of HLA-class II genes of IDDM patients on the surface of the LTK- cells. | Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih | 0 | 8000056 |
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