Affinage

ALKAL2

ALK and LTK ligand 2 · UniProt Q6UX46

Length
152 aa
Mass
16.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
74 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ALKAL2 (FAM150B/AUG-α) is a secreted cytokine ligand that activates the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK and LTK, controlling neural crest-derived cell differentiation, nociceptor sensitization, and tumor progression (PMID:26630010, PMID:25331893, PMID:29078341). It binds the extracellular region of ALK with subnanomolar potency and activates wild-type ALK as well as superactivating neuroblastoma-associated gain-of-function ALK mutants, while binding LTK with high affinity (KD = 28 pM); ALKAL1, by contrast, is LTK-specific (PMID:26630010, PMID:26418745, PMID:25331893). Structurally, ALKAL2 is a three-helix-bundle cytokine that bridges two ALK ectodomains, driving a pronounced ligand-induced rearrangement in which the receptor adopts an orientation parallel to the membrane and is further stabilized by ligand-membrane contacts; the cytokine-binding ALK segment is a permuted TNF-like module and the membrane-proximal EGF-like domain dictates cytokine preference, with both 2:1 and 2:2 receptor:ligand stoichiometries observed (PMID:34819673, PMID:34646012, PMID:40208865). Downstream, ALK-ALKAL2 signaling drives AKT and ERK activation, transphosphorylates the RET receptor, and stabilizes SLC3A2 by regulating MARCH11-mediated ubiquitination (PMID:38858548, PMID:33921066, PMID:35351152). Physiologically, ALKAL2 orthologs are essential for zebrafish iridophore development via Ltk, mediate TRPV1+ nociceptor sensitization and pain through ALK, and are upregulated in hypothalamic PVN neurons during stress in a glucocorticoid-dependent manner (PMID:29078341, PMID:35608912, PMID:41856795). Pathologically, autocrine/paracrine ALKAL2 is sufficient to potentiate MYCN-driven neuroblastoma in the absence of ALK mutation, sustains an autocrine ALKAL2-ALK loop in CMS1 colorectal cancer, and drives a neuronal TRPV1+/ALKAL2/ALK axis promoting colitis-associated colorectal cancer (PMID:33411331, PMID:35351152, PMID:40493183).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2014 High

    Establishing the identity of the ligand for the orphan receptor LTK answered what activates this receptor and revealed the FAM150/ALKAL family as RTK ligands.

    Evidence Large-scale extracellular proteome signaling screen with KD measurement and LTK phosphorylation assay

    PMID:25331893

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish ALKAL2's relationship to ALK
    • No structural basis for receptor recognition
  2. 2015 High

    Identifying ALKAL2 as a high-affinity activating ligand for ALK answered what physiological ligand drives ALK and showed it activates both wild-type and oncogenic mutant ALK.

    Evidence Binding assays, cell-based ALK phosphorylation/transformation assays, Ba/F3 IL-3-independent growth, superactivation of neuroblastoma ALK mutants (two independent studies)

    PMID:26418745 PMID:26630010

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of dimerization not resolved
    • Downstream signaling effectors not defined
  3. 2017 High

    Genetic epistasis in zebrafish established the first in vivo physiological role of ALKAL2 ligands, acting through Ltk rather than Alk in neural crest-derived iridophores.

    Evidence Zebrafish knockdown/knockout, epistasis with ltk-deficient fish, iridophore patterning phenotypes

    PMID:29078341

    Open questions at the time
    • Mammalian developmental role not addressed
    • Receptor selectivity determinants unknown
  4. 2017 Medium

    Re-examining ALK mutants previously called constitutively active showed some remain ligand-dependent, clarifying that ALKAL2 governs activation of certain disease-associated ALK variants.

    Evidence Cell-based phosphorylation assays, biochemical analysis, Drosophila in vivo assays

    PMID:28030793

    Open questions at the time
    • Single laboratory
    • Structural basis for differential mutant responsiveness not defined
  5. 2021 High

    Atomic structures resolved the long-standing question of how ALKAL2 activates ALK, showing a cytokine-driven dimerization with the receptor reoriented parallel to the membrane.

    Evidence Cryo-EM, NMR, and X-ray crystallography; crystallography plus structure-function mutagenesis (two concurrent studies)

    PMID:34646012 PMID:34819673

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry (2:1 vs 2:2) not fully reconciled at the time
    • Conformational dynamics in cells not captured
  6. 2021 High

    Transgenic ALKAL2 overexpression established that ligand availability alone, without ALK mutation, is sufficient to potentiate MYCN-driven neuroblastoma and is TKI-sensitive.

    Evidence Transgenic mouse model with in vivo ALK TKI treatment and tumor burden assessment

    PMID:33411331

    Open questions at the time
    • Source of ligand in human tumors not defined here
    • Downstream effectors of tumor potentiation not mapped
  7. 2021 Medium

    Demonstrating ALKAL2-induced RET phosphorylation expanded the downstream signaling map of the ALK-ALKAL2 axis in neuroblastoma.

    Evidence ALKAL2 ligand stimulation of neuroblastoma cells with RET phosphorylation readout

    PMID:33921066

    Open questions at the time
    • Limited methodological detail
    • Functional consequence of RET phosphorylation not established
  8. 2022 High

    Defining ALKAL2 expression in TRPV1+ nociceptors and its ALK-dependent pain phenotype established a physiological neuronal role in nociceptor sensitization.

    Evidence Coculture, excitability/neurite assays, intrathecal/intraplantar ALKAL2, DRG-specific knockdown, ALK inhibitors, behavioral pain assays

    PMID:35608912

    Open questions at the time
    • Intracellular signaling in nociceptors not fully traced
    • Long-term consequences of axis activation not addressed
  9. 2022 Medium

    Identifying co-amplified ALKAL2/ALK and an autocrine AKT-driven loop in CMS1 colorectal cancer extended the oncogenic relevance of the axis beyond neuroblastoma.

    Evidence ALK phosphorylation/copy-number analysis, ALK inhibitors in 2D/3D cultures, PDOs and xenografts

    PMID:35351152

    Open questions at the time
    • Single laboratory
    • Mechanism of co-amplification selection not defined
  10. 2024 Medium

    Linking ALK-ALKAL2 signaling to SLC3A2 stabilization via MARCH11 identified a new effector arm controlling protein stability downstream of the axis.

    Evidence BioID, Co-IP, ALKAL2 stimulation/ALK inhibition, ubiquitination assay, knockdown

    PMID:38858548

    Open questions at the time
    • Single laboratory
    • Functional importance of SLC3A2 stabilization for tumor phenotype not quantified
  11. 2024 Medium

    Showing LPA potentiates ALKAL2-driven ALK activation revealed crosstalk between lysophospholipid signaling and the ALKAL2/ALK axis.

    Evidence Co-stimulation phosphorylation assays, ALK inhibitors and siRNA knockdown

    PMID:38927035

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of LPA potentiation unresolved
    • Single laboratory
  12. 2025 Medium

    Cryo-EM reanalysis reconciled receptor:ligand stoichiometry, showing both 2:1 and 2:2 complexes exist and that a single ALKAL2 can drive ALK dimerization.

    Evidence Cryo-EM reanalysis at 3.2 Å with orientation rebalancing and comparison to crystal structures

    PMID:40208865

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional difference between 2:1 and 2:2 signaling outputs unknown
    • Single reanalysis study
  13. 2025 High

    Establishing a neuronal TRPV1+/ALKAL2/ALK axis in colitis-associated colorectal cancer connected nociceptor-derived ligand to tumor progression and identified ALK inhibition as a potent intervention.

    Evidence Mouse CAC model, colonic organoid stimulation, in vivo ALK inhibition, DREADD chemogenetic neuronal manipulation, tumor burden quantification

    PMID:40493183

    Open questions at the time
    • Human CAC relevance not directly tested
    • Signaling within mucosal target cells not detailed
  14. 2025 Medium

    Spatial transcriptomics localized ALKAL2 to adrenocortical-like stromal cells adjacent to ALK-expressing neuroblastoma cells, defining a paracrine source of ligand in tumors.

    Evidence Visium spatial transcriptomics on FFPE neuroblastoma, interaction validation, developmental expression analysis

    PMID:40778592

    Open questions at the time
    • Two patient samples only
    • Functional contribution of paracrine ligand to tumor growth not quantified
  15. 2026 Medium

    Defining glucocorticoid-dependent ALKAL2 upregulation in hypothalamic PVN neurons established a physiological role in energy/stress regulation distinct from receptor co-expression.

    Evidence Single-cell RNA-seq, multiplexed in situ hybridization, mifepristone treatment

    PMID:41856795

    Open questions at the time
    • Lack of ALK/ALKAL2 co-expression leaves the signaling target cell undefined
    • Behavioral/physiological consequence not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How distinct receptor:ligand stoichiometries, downstream effector arms (RET, SLC3A2, AKT/ERK), and tissue-specific ligand sources are integrated into context-specific physiological versus pathological outcomes remains unresolved.
  • No unified model linking complex stoichiometry to signaling output
  • Mammalian developmental role of ALKAL2 not defined
  • Determinants of physiological versus oncogenic outcomes unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 5 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
ALKLTKRETSLC3A2
Complex memberships
ALK-ALKAL2 receptor-ligand complexLTK-ALKAL2 receptor-ligand complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2015 ALKAL2 (FAM150B/AUG-α) is a ligand for ALK receptor tyrosine kinase. It binds ALK with high affinity and activates ALK in cells with subnanomolar potency. ALKAL2 also binds and activates LTK. In contrast, ALKAL1 (FAM150A/AUG-β) is specific for LTK and only weakly binds ALK. ALKAL2 stimulates transformation of NIH/3T3 cells expressing ALK and induces IL-3-independent growth of Ba/F3 cells expressing ALK. Binding assays, cell-based activation assays, NIH/3T3 transformation assay, Ba/F3 IL-3-independent growth assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 26630010
2015 FAM150A (ALKAL1) and FAM150B (ALKAL2) are potent activating ligands for human ALK. They bind the extracellular domain of ALK and activate wild-type ALK as well as drive 'superactivation' of neuroblastoma-associated gain-of-function ALK mutants. Binding assays to ALK extracellular domain, cell-based ALK phosphorylation assays, superactivation assays with neuroblastoma ALK mutants eLife High 26418745
2014 FAM150A and FAM150B (ALKAL2) were identified as ligands for the orphan receptor LTK by screening 3,191 extracellular proteins. FAM150A binds LTK extracellular domain with high affinity (KD = 28 pM) and stimulates LTK phosphorylation in a ligand-dependent manner. Large-scale extracellular proteome signaling screen, binding affinity measurement (KD), LTK phosphorylation assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 25331893
2017 In zebrafish, ALKAL2 orthologs (aug-α1 and aug-α2) are essential for embryonic iridophore development and adult body coloration. These effects are mediated entirely through Ltk and not Alk, establishing a physiological link between ALKAL2 ligands and Ltk-driven neural crest-derived cell differentiation. Zebrafish genetic knockdown/knockout, epistasis with ltk-deficient zebrafish, phenotypic analysis of iridophore patterning Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 29078341
2021 Cryo-EM, NMR, and X-ray crystallography reveal the mechanism of ALK activation by ALKAL2: ALKAL2 is a dimeric ligand that drives ALK dimerization. The ALK extracellular region undergoes a pronounced ligand-induced rearrangement and adopts an orientation parallel to the membrane surface, further stabilized by ligand-membrane interaction. ALK-ECR domain architecture and the receptor-ligand complex geometry are defined at atomic resolution. Cryo-electron microscopy, NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography Nature High 34819673
2021 X-ray crystallography reveals that ALKAL2 is a monomeric three-helix bundle cytokine. Its binding to ALK elicits a dimeric assembly with two-fold symmetry that tents a single cytokine molecule proximal to the cell membrane. The cytokine-binding segment of ALK comprises a permuted TNF-like module bracing a glycine-rich subdomain. The membrane-proximal EGF-like domain dictates the apparent cytokine preference of ALK. X-ray crystallography, structure-function mutagenesis Nature High 34646012
2021 ALKAL2 overexpression in mice drives ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor-sensitive neuroblastoma in the absence of ALK mutation, demonstrating that ALKAL2 ligand alone (autocrine/paracrine signaling) is sufficient to potentiate MYCN-driven neuroblastoma progression. Transgenic mouse model (ALKAL2 overexpression), ALK TKI treatment (in vivo), tumor burden assessment The EMBO journal High 33411331
2017 ALK mutations L1198F and G1201E originally described as constitutively activating in anaplastic thyroid cancer are not ligand-independent. ALK-L1198F is activated by ALKAL2 (FAM150B) in a ligand-dependent manner similar to wild-type ALK. ALK-G1201E shows only very weak activation by ALKAL2, most likely due to impaired protein stability. In vitro cell culture phosphorylation assays, biochemical analysis, Drosophila in vivo assays Oncotarget Medium 28030793
2022 ALKAL2 is expressed in TRPV1+ peptidergic nociceptors during inflammation or injury. Nociceptors exposed to ALKAL2 exhibited heightened excitability and neurite outgrowth. Intraplantar CFA or intrathecal infusion of recombinant ALKAL2 led to ALK phosphorylation in the lumbar dorsal horn. Depletion of ALKAL2 in DRG or ALK inhibition reversed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, establishing ALKAL2/ALK as a central regulator of nociceptor sensitization. Coculture expression system, nociceptor excitability assay, neurite outgrowth assay, intrathecal/intraplantar injection, ALK phosphorylation (Western blot), DRG-specific ALKAL2 knockdown, pharmacological ALK inhibition (crizotinib, lorlatinib), behavioral pain assays The Journal of clinical investigation High 35608912
2024 ALK activation by ALKAL2 ligand results in stabilization of SLC3A2 protein levels via regulation of the MARCH11 E3 ligase, which controls SLC3A2 ubiquitination. Stimulation of ALK with ALKAL2 increases SLC3A2 protein levels, while ALK inhibition leads to decreased SLC3A2 expression and protein stability. SLC3A2 and ALK physically interact in neuroblastoma cells. BioID proximity labeling, Co-immunoprecipitation, ALK stimulation with ALKAL2, ALK inhibitor (lorlatinib) treatment, SLC3A2 knockdown, ubiquitination assay, Western blot Cell death and differentiation Medium 38858548
2021 ALK activation in response to ALKAL2 ligand results in rapid phosphorylation of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in neuroblastoma cells, placing RET as a downstream target of ALK-ALKAL2 signaling. ALKAL2 ligand stimulation of neuroblastoma cells, RET phosphorylation analysis (Western blot) Cancers Medium 33921066
2022 In CMS1 colorectal cancer cells, ALKAL2 and ALK mRNA are co-amplified, and CMS1 cells display constitutively phosphorylated ALK signaling primarily through the AKT axis. ALK inhibition (using clinical ALK inhibitors) disrupts this autocrine ALKAL2-ALK loop, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, enhancing cell-cell adhesion, and reducing tumor growth in patient-derived organoids and xenografts. ALK phosphorylation analysis, ALK inhibitor treatment (2D/3D cell cultures, PDOs, xenografts), ALKAL2/ALK copy number analysis, in vivo tumor imaging Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR Medium 35351152
2025 Neuronal ALKAL2 is upregulated at early stages of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and activates ALK signaling in the colonic mucosa. Treatment of colonic organoids with exogenous ALKAL2 triggered ALK activation. In vivo ALK inhibition at colitis onset reduced tumor burden by ~90%. Chemogenetic activation of TRPV1+ nociceptors exacerbated tumor growth, while silencing these neurons reduced it, establishing a TRPV1+/ALKAL2/ALK axis driving CAC progression. Mouse CAC model, colonic organoid stimulation with recombinant ALKAL2, ALK inhibitor (lorlatinib) treatment in vivo, DREADD-mediated neuronal activation/silencing, tumor burden quantification Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 40493183
2024 LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) enhances ALK phosphorylation and potentiates ALK activation by ALKAL2 (FAM150B) in neuroblastoma cells, indicating crosstalk between LPA receptor signaling and the ALKAL2/ALK axis. ALK phosphorylation assay (Western blot), LPA+ALKAL2 co-stimulation, ALK inhibitors (NPV-TAE684, alectinib), ALK siRNA knockdown Biomolecules Medium 38927035
2025 Cryo-EM reanalysis reveals that both 2:1 (two receptor : one ligand) and 2:2 (two receptor : two ligand) stoichiometric complexes of ALK-ALKAL2 exist. The 2:1 ALK-ALKAL2 complex was resolved to 3.2 Å, consistent with the 2:1 stoichiometry also seen in ALK-ALKAL2 and LTK-ALKAL1 crystal structures, establishing that ALK dimerization can be driven by a single ALKAL2 molecule. Cryo-EM data reanalysis, 3D reconstruction with orientation rebalancing, structural comparison with X-ray crystallography PLoS biology Medium 40208865
2026 Both Fam150b (ALKAL2) and Alk are expressed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the mouse hypothalamus, including in CRH-containing neurons, but Fam150b and Alk are not co-expressed in the same cells. During inflammation-associated stress, Fam150b (but not Alk) mRNA expression in the PVN increases in a mifepristone-sensitive (glucocorticoid-dependent) manner. Single-cell RNA-seq, multiplexed in situ hybridization, glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (mifepristone) treatment Journal of neuroendocrinology Medium 41856795
2025 Spatial transcriptomics of neuroblastoma tissue identified adrenocortical-like stromal cells expressing ALKAL2 that are predicted and experimentally shown to communicate with neighboring ALK-expressing cancer cells, suggesting a paracrine ALKAL2/ALK signaling axis in neuroblastoma. A developmental pattern of adrenal medulla-specific ALK expression and adrenocortical-specific ALKAL2 expression was demonstrated. Spatial transcriptomics (Visium) on FFPE neuroblastoma samples, experimental validation of predicted interactions, developmental expression pattern analysis The Journal of pathology Medium 40778592

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 74 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 Sequence-specific DNA cleavage by Fe2+-mediated fenton reactions has possible biological implications. The Journal of biological chemistry 271 9873038
1996 A mammalian gene with introns instead of exons generating stable RNA products. Nature 260 8559254
1990 5'-Heterogeneity in human progesterone receptor transcripts predicts a new amino-terminal truncated "C"-receptor and unique A-receptor messages. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 130 2082185
2015 Early gestation as the critical time-window for changes in the prenatal environment to affect the adult human blood methylome. International journal of epidemiology 117 25944819
2015 Augmentor α and β (FAM150) are ligands of the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK and LTK: Hierarchy and specificity of ligand-receptor interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117 26630010
2015 FAM150A and FAM150B are activating ligands for anaplastic lymphoma kinase. eLife 116 26418745
2016 Meta-analysis of gene-environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error. Nature communications 111 27020472
1991 Nucleotide sequence and expression of the capsid protein gene of feline calicivirus. Journal of virology 110 1716692
2007 The mechanism of an exceptional case of reinitiation after translation of a long ORF reveals why such events do not generally occur in mammalian mRNA translation. Genes & development 79 18056426
1997 An RNA-binding protein recognizes a mammalian selenocysteine insertion sequence element required for cotranslational incorporation of selenocysteine. Molecular and cellular biology 70 9121445
2017 Alk and Ltk ligands are essential for iridophore development in zebrafish mediated by the receptor tyrosine kinase Ltk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 61 29078341
2011 RNA sequence determinants of a coupled termination-reinitiation strategy for downstream open reading frame translation in Helminthosporium victoriae virus 190S and other victoriviruses (Family Totiviridae). Journal of virology 61 21543470
2007 A highly efficient form of the selenocysteine insertion sequence element in protozoan parasites and its use in mammalian cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 59 17470795
1999 The Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of thioredoxin reductase contains a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element that differs from mammalian SECIS elements but directs selenocysteine incorporation. The Journal of biological chemistry 59 10419466
1998 The 3'-untranslated region of human type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA contains a functional selenocysteine insertion sequence element. The Journal of biological chemistry 57 9837913
2021 Mechanism for the activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor. Nature 50 34819673
1984 Three variant introns of the same general class in the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 in Aspergillus nidulans. The EMBO journal 50 6092056
2014 Deorphanization of the human leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) receptor by a signaling screen of the extracellular proteome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 46 25331893
2021 ALK ligand ALKAL2 potentiates MYCN-driven neuroblastoma in the absence of ALK mutation. The EMBO journal 42 33411331
2021 Structural basis of cytokine-mediated activation of ALK family receptors. Nature 34 34646012
2014 An RNA cassette from Helminthosporium victoriae virus 190S necessary and sufficient for stop/restart translation. Virology 33 25463611
2007 Structural basis for catalysis by onconase. Journal of molecular biology 32 18001769
2022 The neuronal tyrosine kinase receptor ligand ALKAL2 mediates persistent pain. The Journal of clinical investigation 30 35608912
2023 Transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulation of inflammatory and neuronal function in dorsal root ganglion of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy rats. Molecular pain 28 35610945
2019 A Victorivirus and Two Novel Mitoviruses Co-Infected the Plant Pathogen Nigrospora oryzae. Viruses 27 30669450
2020 Combined evolutionary engineering and genetic manipulation improve low pH tolerance and butanol production in a synthetic microbial Clostridium community. Biotechnology and bioengineering 25 32170874
2003 Molecular characterization of a dsRNA totivirus infecting the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans. Virus research 25 12727341
2021 Chromosome Imbalances in Neuroblastoma-Recent Molecular Insight into Chromosome 1p-deletion, 2p-gain, and 11q-deletion Identifies New Friends and Foes for the Future. Cancers 23 34885007
2019 Analysis of ALK, MYCN, and the ALK ligand ALKAL2 (FAM150B/AUGα) in neuroblastoma patient samples with chromosome arm 2p rearrangements. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 21 31340081
1980 Tetranucleotides as effectors for the binding of initiator tRNA to Escherichia coli ribosomes. European journal of biochemistry 21 6997046
2011 The downstream atpE cistron is efficiently translated via its own cis-element in partially overlapping atpB-atpE dicistronic mRNAs in chloroplasts. Nucleic acids research 19 21846772
2019 Discontinuity in the molecular neuroendocrine response to increasing daylengths in Ile-de-France ewes: Is transient Dio2 induction a key feature of circannual timing? Journal of neuroendocrinology 18 31340078
2016 Genome sequence of a novel victorivirus identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria arborescens. Archives of virology 17 26923927
2015 Genomic organization of a novel victorivirus from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Archives of virology 16 26271150
2016 Characterization of three mycoviruses co-infecting the plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia nivalis. Virus research 15 27343823
2017 Anaplastic lymphoma kinase L1198F and G1201E mutations identified in anaplastic thyroid cancer patients are not ligand-independent. Oncotarget 14 28030793
1984 The hisD-hisC gene border of the Salmonella typhimurium histidine operon. Molecular & general genetics : MGG 14 6390096
2022 The autocrine loop of ALK receptor and ALKAL2 ligand is an actionable target in consensus molecular subtype 1 colon cancer. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 13 35351152
2021 Transcriptome-wide association study identifies multiple genes associated with childhood body mass index. International journal of obesity (2005) 13 33627773
2025 3D genomic features across >50 diverse cell types reveal insights into the genomic architecture of childhood obesity. eLife 12 39813287
2024 Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase signaling stabilizes SLC3A2 expression via MARCH11 to promote neuroblastoma cell growth. Cell death and differentiation 12 38858548
2023 Multifaceted Roles of ALK Family Receptors and Augmentor Ligands in Health and Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 11 37892172
2021 Loss of RET Promotes Mesenchymal Identity in Neuroblastoma Cells. Cancers 11 33921066
2019 Ultra-effective near-infrared Photothermal therapy for the prostate cancer Nursing care through novel intended and surface tailored photo-responsive Ga-Au@MPS nanovesicles. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology 11 31810035
2016 Complete genome sequence and evolution analysis of Eimeria stiedai RNA virus 1, a novel member of the family Totiviridae. Archives of virology 10 27578037
2013 Gene from a novel plant virus satellite from grapevine identifies a viral satellite lineage. Virus genes 10 23703624
2023 Role of lncRNAs in Remodeling of the Coronary Artery Plaques in Patients with Atherosclerosis. Molecular diagnosis & therapy 9 37347334
2019 Complete genome sequence of a novel victorivirus isolated from the sesame charcoal rot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. Archives of virology 8 31845152
2014 Crystal structure and bonding in BaAu5Ga2 and AeAu4+xGa3-x (Ae = Ba and Eu): hexagonal diamond-type Au frameworks and remarkable cation/anion partitioning in the Ae-Au-Ga systems. Inorganic chemistry 8 25494103
2022 Molecular characterization of a novel victorivirus isolated from Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of longan leaf spot disease. Archives of virology 7 35962824
2010 Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of goat (Capra hircus) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). International journal of biological sciences 7 20582224
2019 Male-specific association of the 2p25 region with suicide attempt in bipolar disorder. Journal of psychiatric research 6 31830721
2025 Spatial transcriptomics exploration of the primary neuroblastoma microenvironment in archived FFPE samples unveils novel paracrine interactions. The Journal of pathology 5 40778592
2024 3D genomic features across >50 diverse cell types reveal insights into the genomic architecture of childhood obesity. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 5 37693606
2023 Synthesis of AuX (X = Ni, Ga, Mo, Zn, and Cr) Alloy Aerogels as High-Performance Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction Catalysts. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 5 37248647
2022 Molecular characterization of a novel victorivirus infecting Corynespora cassiicola. Archives of virology 4 35366710
2020 Formation of a Au/Au9Ga4 Alloy Nanoshell on a Bacterial Surface through Galvanic Displacement Reaction for High-Contrast Imaging. ACS applied bio materials 4 35019464
2022 Complete genome sequence of a novel victorivirus infecting cicada flower (Cordyceps chanhua). Archives of virology 3 36539649
2011 Bacterial genome reengineering. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 3 21815083
2022 Complete genome sequence of a novel victorivirus infecting Aspergillus niger. Archives of virology 2 35449474
2004 Inhibitory effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on expression of vascular endothelia growth factor by human hepatocarcinoma cells. Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT 2 15567744
2026 Complete genome sequence of a novel victorivirus from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Archives of virology 1 41514034
2025 Anaplastic lymphoma kinase enhances Wnt signaling through R-spondin: A new dimension to ALK-mediated oncogenesis. International journal of biological macromolecules 1 40132715
2025 Reanalysis of cryo-EM data reveals ALK-cytokine assemblies with both 2:1 and 2:2 stoichiometries. PLoS biology 1 40208865
2025 Neuronal ALKAL2 and its ALK receptor contribute to the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1 40493183
2024 Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates Mitogenic Activity and Signaling in Human Neuroblastoma Cells through a Crosstalk with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase. Biomolecules 1 38927035
2024 Molecular characterization of a novel victorivirus isolated from Stagonosporopsis citrulli. Archives of virology 1 39666116
2023 Molecular characterization of a novel victorivirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Phaeobotryon rhois. Archives of virology 1 36593368
2022 Characterization of a novel victorivirus from Nigrospora chinensis, a fungus isolated from tobacco. Archives of virology 1 36255526
2026 Complete genome sequence of a new victorivirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Archives of virology 0 41537913
2026 Alk-Fam150b (augmentor α) expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus at molecular resolution, and its sensitivity to acute stress. Journal of neuroendocrinology 0 41856795
2026 A victorivirus infecting Colletotrichum falcatum: genomic characterization and evolutionary analysis. Archives of virology 0 41874762
2025 Plasma ALKAL2 levels are associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular diabetology 0 41063186
1995 [15-19-mer synthetic oligoribonucleotide as a model of the translation initiation segment of the phage fr replicase gene]. Bioorganicheskaia khimiia 0 8602888

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