Affinage

LRRC8A

Volume-regulated anion channel subunit LRRC8A · UniProt Q8IWT6

Length
810 aa
Mass
94.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 45 papers cited in narrative 41 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

LRRC8A (SWELL1) is the obligatory, pore-forming subunit of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), a heterohexameric complex it forms with LRRC8B–E paralogues that mediates regulatory volume decrease and the swelling-activated efflux of anions and organic osmolytes (PMID:24790029, PMID:24725410, PMID:26824658). Genetic ablation eliminates VRAC currents, and reconstitution of LRRC8 complexes into lipid bilayers is sufficient to generate anion channels activated by osmolality gradients or by reduced cytoplasmic ionic strength (PMID:26824658). Structural studies establish a connexin-like hexameric transmembrane pore constricted on the extracellular side by a selectivity filter, with a cytoplasmic leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain that undergoes rigid-body dilation coupled to pore opening; the N-termini fold back into the pore to form a second selectivity filter, the inhibitor DCPIB plugs the extracellular filter, and subunit composition (e.g. the 4A:2C heterohexamer) tunes gating and activation (PMID:29769723, PMID:30775971, PMID:37543949, PMID:36928458, PMID:36522427). Pore architecture is governed by the N-terminus, the TM2–TM3 intracellular loop, and residues such as E6, which control conductance, anion selectivity, and inactivation (PMID:29853476, PMID:29925591). Subunit composition further determines substrate selectivity and oxidant sensitivity: distinct heteromers preferentially conduct charged versus uncharged osmolytes and are oppositely modulated by cysteine oxidation (PMID:28833202, PMID:28841766). Channel activity is regulated by stress-kinase phosphorylation, with MSK1 acting at S217 to drive regulatory volume increase via the WNK–NKCC pathway and S174 phosphorylation serving as a steady-state checkpoint relieved by P2X-mediated K+ efflux (PMID:34083438, PMID:38847616). Beyond volume regulation, LRRC8A channels transport diverse cargo — glutamate and excitatory amino acids in astrocytes, glutathione, cisplatin, and the immune second messenger cGAMP — linking VRAC to neurotransmission, redox balance, chemosensitivity, and STING-dependent interferon responses (PMID:25172945, PMID:32277911, PMID:33171122, PMID:30982627, PMID:31804464, PMID:27112899). Through its C-terminal LRR domain, LRRC8A additionally scaffolds signaling: it binds GRB2 (with Cav1/eNOS) to govern insulin–PI3K–AKT and AKT–eNOS signaling, engages GRB2–JAK2–STAT3 in cardiac fibrosis, associates with Nox1/Nox2/Nox4–p22phox complexes to control ROS production, and binds MPRIP to modulate RhoA–MYPT1 signaling and vascular tone (PMID:28436964, PMID:27838438, PMID:33515753, PMID:35966575, PMID:33629656, PMID:37310356). Tissue-specific deletions reveal physiological roles in adipocyte and β-cell glucose/insulin handling, skeletal muscle differentiation, spermatogenesis, proximal-tubule organic-compound transport, lysosomal osmotic homeostasis, and astrocytic neurotransmitter homeostasis, where brain-wide loss causes fatal seizures (PMID:28436964, PMID:30982627, PMID:29371604, PMID:29773801, PMID:33139539, PMID:29880644, PMID:30135305, PMID:32930093, PMID:35777784, PMID:34469026).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 31 steps
  1. 2014 High

    Identified the long-sought molecular identity of VRAC, establishing LRRC8A as the essential pore-forming subunit whose loss abolishes swelling-activated anion currents.

    Evidence Two independent genome-wide siRNA screens with CRISPR genomic disruption, patch-clamp, and point mutagenesis altering anion selectivity

    PMID:24725410 PMID:24790029

    Open questions at the time
    • Subunit stoichiometry and atomic architecture not yet defined
    • Mechanism coupling volume sensing to gating unresolved
  2. 2014 High

    Extended VRAC function beyond chloride to organic osmolyte and excitatory amino acid release, showing LRRC8A is required for both swelling- and receptor-triggered efflux.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with radiotracer efflux assays in rat astrocytes

    PMID:25172945

    Open questions at the time
    • Subunit composition determining osmolyte selectivity not defined here
    • Direct versus indirect permeation not distinguished
  3. 2014 Medium

    Revealed a non-channel signaling role, with LRRC8A scaffolding GRB2/GAB2/LCK to drive AKT activation and thymocyte development.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, Lrrc8a-/- phenotyping, bone marrow chimeras, phospho-AKT immunoblot

    PMID:24752297

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Relationship between channel activity and scaffolding function unresolved
  4. 2016 High

    Demonstrated that LRRC8 complexes are themselves the channel by reconstituting ~800 kDa heteromers into bilayers and showing low ionic strength activates them, defining the physical activating stimulus.

    Evidence Lipid bilayer reconstitution, single-channel electrophysiology, size-exclusion chromatography

    PMID:26824658

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic structure still absent
    • Physiological link between ionic strength sensing and cell volume not fully resolved
  5. 2016 Medium

    Linked LRRC8A to platinum drug handling and apoptosis, showing it mediates cisplatin uptake and is required for cisplatin-induced p53 and caspase activation.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, ICP-MS platinum quantification, pharmacological inhibition, apoptosis assays

    PMID:26984736 PMID:27112899

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab studies
    • Direct cisplatin permeation through the pore not structurally demonstrated
  6. 2016 Medium

    Connected LRRC8A to redox and inflammatory signaling via physical association with Nox1/p22phox required for TNFα-induced superoxide and NF-κB activation.

    Evidence Co-IP, co-localization, siRNA, superoxide assays, NF-κB reporter in vascular smooth muscle cells

    PMID:27838438

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Whether interaction depends on channel conductance unclear
  7. 2017 Medium

    Established that subunit composition governs both substrate selectivity and oxidant sensitivity, explaining functional heterogeneity of VRACs within a single cell.

    Evidence Subunit-specific RNAi with radiotracer efflux; defined heteromer constructs with oxidant application and patch-clamp

    PMID:28833202 PMID:28841766

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab for each
    • Molecular basis of subunit-specific selectivity not structurally defined
  8. 2017 High

    Defined a metabolic signaling role, with the C-terminal LRR domain binding GRB2/Cav1 to control adipocyte insulin–PI3K–AKT2–GLUT4 signaling and systemic glycemia.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-IP with domain mutants, adipose-specific KO mice, glucose uptake and rescue assays

    PMID:28436964

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether scaffolding requires channel activity not resolved
    • Single lab
  9. 2018 High

    Solved the hexameric, connexin-like channel architecture with an extracellular selectivity filter and cytoplasmic LRR arc adopting compact/relaxed conformations implicated in gating.

    Evidence Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography of homomeric LRRC8A from independent labs

    PMID:29769723 PMID:30127360

    Open questions at the time
    • Open/conductive state not captured
    • Heteromeric assembly architecture unknown
  10. 2018 High

    Mapped functional pore determinants to the N-terminus and the TM2–TM3 intracellular loop, identifying residues controlling conductance, selectivity, and inactivation.

    Evidence Chimeric and SCAM mutagenesis with patch-clamp and MTSES modification in LRRC8-null cells

    PMID:29853476 PMID:29925591

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural visualization of N-termini in the pore not yet achieved here
    • How loops couple to LRR-driven gating unresolved
  11. 2018 High

    Demonstrated a cell-autonomous physiological requirement in germ cells, where Lrrc8a loss causes spermatid volume dysregulation and male infertility.

    Evidence Germ cell- and Sertoli cell-specific KO mice with electron microscopy and fertility testing

    PMID:29880644 PMID:30135305

    Open questions at the time
    • Subunit partners in germ cells not defined
    • Molecular cargo relevant to spermatid volume not identified
  12. 2018 Medium

    Clarified GlialCAM/MLC1 modulation of VRAC as indirect via signaling rather than direct binding, refining the interactome.

    Evidence Negative co-IP, Xenopus oocyte expression, LRRC8A knockdown, ERK and LRRC8C phosphorylation assays

    PMID:30076890

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the signaling intermediary unknown
    • Single lab
  13. 2019 High

    Captured an inhibitor-bound structure showing DCPIB plugs the extracellular filter and revealed lipid-dependent coupled dilation of LRRs and pore as a gating mechanism.

    Evidence Cryo-EM in lipid nanodiscs with DCPIB, constricted and expanded states

    PMID:30775971

    Open questions at the time
    • Fully open conductive state not resolved
    • Direct link between LRR dilation and ionic-strength sensing not established
  14. 2019 High

    Established astrocytic VRAC as a mediator of non-vesicular glutamate release shaping synaptic transmission, memory, and ischemic injury.

    Evidence Astrocyte-specific Swell1 KO mice, patch-clamp, glutamate release assays, behavior, MCAO stroke model

    PMID:30982627

    Open questions at the time
    • Subunit composition of astrocytic channel not defined
    • Single lab
  15. 2019 Medium

    Showed VRAC conducts glutathione, linking channel activity to intracellular ROS and TGFβ1-driven EMT.

    Evidence LRRC8A KO cells, GSH current and PGSH/PCl measurement, DCPIB and siRNA, EMT markers

    PMID:31804464

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Subunit determinants of GSH permeation not defined
  16. 2019 Medium

    Defined a role in myoblast differentiation through VRAC-driven membrane hyperpolarization upstream of K+ channels and Ca2+ signaling.

    Evidence siRNA, pharmacological VRAC inhibition, membrane potential and Ca2+ imaging, myogenin and fusion assays

    PMID:31387946

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Molecular mechanism connecting anion flux to hyperpolarization unresolved
  17. 2020 High

    Identified LRRC8A channels as transporters of the immune second messenger cGAMP across plasma membranes, enabling cell-to-cell STING-dependent interferon signaling and antiviral immunity.

    Evidence Transport assays, electrophysiology, LRRC8A and Lrrc8e KO/mice, CRISPR screen, STING reporters, HSV-1 challenge

    PMID:32277911 PMID:33171122

    Open questions at the time
    • Directionality determinants in vivo incompletely defined
    • Role of LRRC8D inhibition mechanistically unexplained
  18. 2020 High

    Revealed a distinct lysosomal VRAC directed by a C-terminal di-leucine motif that supports osmotic homeostasis and protects against necrotic death under stress.

    Evidence Whole-lysosome patch-clamp, L706L707A targeting mutant dissociating lysosomal from plasma-membrane function, cell death assays

    PMID:33139539

    Open questions at the time
    • Lysosomal subunit composition not defined
    • Single lab
  19. 2020 Medium

    Showed LRRC8A selectively required for hypotonicity-induced but not canonical DAMP-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indicating additional chloride-sensing mechanisms.

    Evidence LRRC8A KO macrophages, VRAC inhibitors, IL-1β/IL-18 and ASC speck assays

    PMID:33216713

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of redundant chloride sensors unknown
    • Single lab
  20. 2020 Medium

    Established a skeletal muscle role coupling VRAC to PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling, differentiation, metabolism, and exercise capacity.

    Evidence Muscle-specific KO mice, overexpression rescue, patch-clamp, signaling immunoblots, metabolic phenotyping

    PMID:32930093

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Whether metabolic effect requires anion conduction or scaffolding unresolved
  21. 2021 High

    Defined stress-kinase regulation, with p38–MSK1 phosphorylation at S217 activating VRAC to drive WNK–NKCC-dependent regulatory volume increase and survival.

    Evidence Genome-wide CRISPR survival screen, S217A mutagenesis, kinase assays, RVI and NKCC inhibition

    PMID:34083438

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural consequence of S217 phosphorylation not defined
    • Single lab
  22. 2021 Medium

    Extended LRR-domain scaffolding to Nox2/Nox4–p22phox and GRB2–JAK2–STAT3 axes driving AngII cardiac hypertrophy and post-MI fibrosis.

    Evidence Co-IP with LRRD domain mutants, myofibroblast-specific KO, in vivo knockdown, ROS and phospho-signaling assays

    PMID:33515753 PMID:35966575

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab per study
    • Channel-independence of these signaling roles not formally shown
  23. 2021 Medium

    Defined endothelial LRRC8A in a GRB2–Cav1–eNOS complex regulating AKT–eNOS signaling, blood pressure, and diabetic retinal perfusion.

    Evidence Co-IP, endothelium-specific KO mice, patch-clamp, flow/stretch, blood pressure telemetry, retinal angiography

    PMID:33629656

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Mechanical activation mechanism not defined
  24. 2021 Medium

    Showed brain-wide VRAC is essential for astrocytic neurotransmitter homeostasis, with loss causing fatal seizures and dysregulated glutamate/GABA handling.

    Evidence NestinCre brain-wide KO, EEG/video, slice patch-clamp, immunoblot, HPLC amino acid quantification

    PMID:34469026

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Whether seizures arise from osmolyte transport or transporter expression changes not disentangled
  25. 2022 High

    Resolved heterohexameric LRRC8A:C architecture (4A:2C), showing flexible LRRC8C subunits destabilize closed-state A subunits to enhance activation and that pore lipids block conduction when closed.

    Evidence Cryo-EM with fiducial-tagged subunit identification and functional electrophysiology

    PMID:36522427 PMID:36928458

    Open questions at the time
    • Structures of other heteromer compositions absent
    • Open-state structure of heteromer not captured
  26. 2022 Medium

    Implicated LRRC8A in directional confined migration, with RhoA-dependent trailing-edge polarization and a role in breast cancer extravasation and metastasis.

    Evidence Live-cell imaging, optogenetic RhoA activation, siRNA, in vivo metastasis model, modeling

    PMID:36253369

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Molecular link between RhoA and SWELL1 redistribution unresolved
  27. 2022 High

    Defined a renal physiological role, localizing LRRC8A/D to proximal tubule basolateral membranes required for organic compound exit, with loss causing Fanconi-like injury.

    Evidence Epitope-tagged knock-in localization, tubule-specific KO and constitutive LRRC8D KO, histology, urine/serum metabolomics

    PMID:35777784

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific transported metabolites incompletely catalogued
    • Single lab
  28. 2023 High

    Resolved the channel N-termini folding into the pore as a second selectivity filter, with ionic-strength-dependent NT mobility providing a structural basis for activation.

    Evidence 2.8-Å cryo-EM and molecular dynamics simulations

    PMID:37543949

    Open questions at the time
    • Experimental validation of MD-predicted NT motions limited
    • Coupling between NT mobility and LRR dilation not fully integrated
  29. 2023 Medium

    Identified MPRIP as an LRRC8A partner linking the channel to RhoA–MYPT1–actin signaling and vascular relaxation.

    Evidence Co-IP/mass spectrometry, proximity ligation assay, confocal imaging, VSMC-specific KO, RhoA and MYPT1 assays

    PMID:37310356

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Direct versus complex-mediated binding not fully resolved
  30. 2023 Medium

    Showed LRRC8A inhibition in macrophages promotes phagocytosis via AMPK–Nrf2–CD36, improving outcomes after hemorrhagic stroke.

    Evidence Macrophage/microglia-specific KO, AMPK inhibitor, Nrf2 translocation, CD36 expression, ICH model

    PMID:36465125

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab
    • Mechanism connecting channel activity to AMPK unclear
  31. 2024 Medium

    Defined S174 phosphorylation as a steady-state checkpoint for VRAC, relieved by P2X-mediated K+ efflux to potentiate cGAMP transport.

    Evidence S174 mutagenesis, P2X agonist/antagonist, K+ efflux and cGAMP transport assays, electrophysiology

    PMID:38847616

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase/phosphatase acting on S174 not identified
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How LRRC8A's channel conduction is mechanistically separable from its C-terminal LRR scaffolding functions, and what defines the open-state structure of native heteromeric channels, remain unresolved.
  • No open conductive-state structure of a physiological heteromer
  • Channel-dependent versus -independent contributions to AKT/JAK2/Nox/RhoA signaling not cleanly dissected
  • In vivo subunit composition across tissues incompletely mapped

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005215 transporter activity 8 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5 GO:0005764 lysosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 7 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 6 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3
Complex memberships
VRAC (volume-regulated anion channel, LRRC8 heterohexamer)

Evidence

Reading pass · 41 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2014 LRRC8A (SWELL1) is an essential component of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). Genome-wide RNAi screens independently identified LRRC8A as required for hypotonicity-induced iodide influx and VRAC currents. Genomic disruption of LRRC8A ablated VRAC currents, and point mutations in LRRC8A cause significant changes in VRAC anion selectivity, demonstrating that LRRC8A is a pore-forming component. LRRC8A forms heteromers with other LRRC8 family members (LRRC8B-E), and the isoform combination determines VRAC inactivation kinetics. Taurine flux and regulatory volume decrease also depend on LRRC8 proteins. Genome-wide siRNA screen, CRISPR genomic disruption, patch-clamp electrophysiology, taurine flux assay, point mutagenesis Science / Cell High 24725410 24790029
2016 LRRC8 proteins together constitute the VRAC pore. SWELL1 and up to four other LRRC8 subunits assemble into heterogeneous complexes of ~800 kDa. When reconstituted into lipid bilayers, LRRC8 complexes are sufficient to form anion channels activated by osmolality gradients. Single-channel conductance depends on LRRC8 subunit composition. Low ionic strength in the absence of an osmotic gradient activates the complexes in bilayers, demonstrating that hypotonic stress can activate VRAC through a decrease in cytoplasmic ionic strength. Reconstitution into lipid bilayers, single-channel electrophysiology, size-exclusion chromatography (~800 kDa complex), patch-clamp Cell High 26824658
2018 Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography of homomeric LRRC8A reveal a hexameric channel architecture. The transmembrane domain is structurally related to connexin proteins, wide towards the cytoplasm but constricted on the extracellular side by a selectivity filter. An excess of basic residues in the filter and throughout the pore attracts anions by electrostatic interaction. The cytoplasmic leucine-rich repeat domain follows the transmembrane pore domain. Cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography Nature High 29769723
2018 Cryo-EM structure of human LRRC8A shows a hexameric assembly. The transmembrane region features topology similar to gap junction channels. The LRR region (15 leucine-rich repeats) forms a long twisted arc. The channel pore is constricted on the extracellular side, where conserved polar and charged residues at the tip of the extracellular helix contribute to anion permeability. Two structural populations (compact and relaxed conformations) suggest that the LRR region undergoes rigid-body motions possibly implicated in pore opening. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy Nature structural & molecular biology High 30127360
2019 Cryo-EM structures of LRRC8A in lipid nanodiscs with the inhibitor DCPIB show that DCPIB plugs the channel in the extracellular selectivity filter, sterically occluding ion conduction. Constricted and expanded structures reveal coupled dilation of cytoplasmic LRRs and the channel pore, suggesting a gating mechanism by internal stimuli. Conformational differences between detergent and lipid bilayer structures demonstrate a critical role for the membrane lipid environment in determining channel structure, including intersubunit lipid binding sites. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, lipid nanodisc reconstitution, inhibitor-bound structure eLife High 30775971
2018 The intracellular loop (IL) connecting TM2 and TM3 of LRRC8A and the first extracellular loop (EL1) of LRRC8C/D/E are both essential for VRAC activity. A 25-amino acid sequence unique to the LRRC8A IL is sufficient to generate homomeric VRAC activity when inserted into LRRC8C or LRRC8E. LRRC8 chimeras containing partial LRRC8A IL sequences exhibit altered anion permeability, rectification, and voltage sensitivity, indicating that the LRRC8A IL contributes to pore structure and function. Chimeric channel mutagenesis, patch-clamp electrophysiology in LRRC8-/- cells The Journal of general physiology High 29853476
2018 The short N-terminal stretch preceding the first LRRC8 transmembrane domain determines VRAC conductance, ion permeability, and inactivation gating. Substituted-cysteine accessibility studies reveal that the first 15 LRRC8A residues are exposed to a hydrophilic environment. Glutamate 6 (E6) controls iodide-over-chloride permeability and voltage dependence of inactivation; restoring the negative charge by MTSES reverses these effects. Cd2+-mediated blocking data suggest the N termini come close together in the multimeric complex and may line the cytoplasmic pore. Substituted-cysteine accessibility method (SCAM), site-directed mutagenesis, patch-clamp, MTSES modification The Journal of biological chemistry High 29925591
2023 2.8-Å cryo-EM structure of human LRRC8A shows well-resolved N-termini (NTs). The amino-terminal halves of NTs fold back into the pore and constrict the permeation path, forming a second selectivity filter working in series with the extracellular selectivity filter. The C-terminal halves of NTs interact with intracellular loops crucial for channel activation. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that low ionic strength increases NT mobility and expands inter-helix distances, suggesting a mechanism for VRAC activation. Single-particle cryo-EM (2.8 Å), molecular dynamics simulations Cell reports High 37543949
2022 Cryo-EM structures of heterohexameric LRRC8A:C channels reveal a predominant assembly with A:C ratio of 2:4 (four LRRC8A and two LRRC8C subunits). Four LRRC8A subunits cluster in their preferred closed-state conformation as pairs. The two LRRC8C subunits show greater flexibility, destabilizing the tightly packed A subunits and enhancing activation. Lipids embedded in the channel pore block ion conduction in the closed state. Single-particle cryo-EM, fiducial-tagging strategy for subunit identification, functional electrophysiology Nature structural & molecular biology / Nature structural & molecular biology High 36522427 36928458
2014 LRRC8A is an indispensable component of the swelling-activated excitatory amino acid (EAA) release pathway in rat astrocytes. siRNA knockdown of LRRC8A dramatically reduced hypo-osmotic release of D-[3H]aspartate, L-glutamate, and taurine, and completely abolished ATP-stimulated release of EAAs and taurine from non-swollen astrocytes. siRNA knockdown, radiotracer efflux assays (D-[3H]aspartate, [14C]taurine), HPLC The Journal of physiology High 25172945
2014 LRRC8A constitutively associates with the GRB2-GAB2 complex and lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) in thymocytes. LRRC8A ligation activates AKT via the LCK-ZAP-70-GAB2-PI3K pathway, and AKT phosphorylation is markedly reduced in Lrrc8a-/- thymus. Thymic epithelial cells express an LRRC8A ligand critical for double-negative to double-positive thymocyte differentiation and survival in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation, Lrrc8a-/- mouse phenotyping, bone marrow chimeras, flow cytometry, phospho-AKT immunoblot The Journal of experimental medicine Medium 24752297
2017 SWELL1/LRRC8A regulates adipocyte insulin-PI3K-AKT2-GLUT4 signaling, glucose uptake, and lipid content via interactions of the SWELL1 C-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain (LRRD) with GRB2 and Cav1. Silencing GRB2 in SWELL1 KO adipocytes rescues insulin-pAKT2 signaling. In vivo, adipose-targeted SWELL1 KO reduces adiposity and impairs systemic glycemia and insulin sensitivity. Co-immunoprecipitation (LRRD-GRB2/Cav1 interaction), adipose-specific KO mice, patch-clamp, glucose uptake assay, siRNA rescue Nature cell biology High 28436964
2020 LRRC8A/LRRC8E-containing VRACs transport cGAMP and cyclic dinucleotides across the plasma membrane, enabling cell-to-cell transmission of the innate immune second messenger cGAMP. Chemical blockade or genetic ablation of LRRC8A results in defective interferon responses to HSV-1. Enhancing VRAC activity by hypotonic swelling, cisplatin, GTPγS, or cytokines (TNF, IL-1) increases STING-dependent IFN responses to extracellular cGAMP. Lrrc8e-/- mice exhibit impaired IFN responses and compromised immunity to HSV-1. Biochemical transport assay, electrophysiology, genetic ablation (LRRC8A KO, Lrrc8e-/- mice), IFN ELISA, viral challenge Immunity High 32277911
2020 LRRC8A forms complexes with LRRC8C and/or LRRC8E to transport cGAMP and other 2'3'-cyclic dinucleotides as an importer or exporter depending on the electrochemical gradient. LRRC8D inhibits cGAMP transport. Activation of LRRC8A channels by sphingosine 1-phosphate potentiates cGAMP transport. LRRC8A channels are the key cGAMP transporters in resting primary human vasculature cells. Genome-wide CRISPR screen, cGAMP transport assay, STING reporter assay, pharmacological activation/inhibition (S1P, DCPIB) Molecular cell High 33171122
2019 Astrocytic SWELL1/LRRC8A mediates non-vesicular glutamate release through VRAC. Both cell swelling and receptor stimulation activate astrocytic VRAC, which requires SWELL1. Astrocyte-specific Swell1 KO mice exhibit impaired glutamatergic transmission (reduced presynaptic release probability and ambient glutamate), hippocampal-dependent learning/memory deficits, and attenuated neuronal excitability and brain damage after ischemic stroke. Astrocyte-specific conditional KO mice, whole-cell patch-clamp, glutamate release assay, behavioral testing, ischemia model (MCAO) Neuron High 30982627
2018 SWELL1 mediates a swell-activated, depolarizing chloride current (ICl,SWELL) in murine and human β-cells. Hypotonic and glucose-stimulated β-cell swelling activates SWELL1-mediated ICl,SWELL, contributing to membrane depolarization and activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC)-dependent intracellular calcium signaling. β-cell-targeted Swell1 KO mice have impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. Patch-clamp electrophysiology, tamoxifen-inducible β-cell Swell1 KO mice, calcium imaging, insulin secretion assay, glucose tolerance test Nature communications High 29371604 29773801
2021 Under hypertonic conditions, LRRC8A is phosphorylated and activated by MSK1 kinase downstream of the p38-MSK1 stress pathway. LRRC8A-mediated Cl- efflux then facilitates activation of the WNK kinase pathway, which promotes electrolyte influx via NKCC cotransporter for regulatory volume increase (RVI). The LRRC8A-S217A mutation impairs channel activation by MSK1, resulting in reduced RVI and cell survival. Identified by genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 survival screen, site-directed mutagenesis (S217A), kinase assays, RVI volume measurements, NKCC inhibition Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 34083438
2016 LRRC8A physically co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and its p22phox subunit in vascular smooth muscle cells. LRRC8A is required for TNFα-induced extracellular superoxide production by Nox1, which in turn is essential for TNFR1 endocytosis, JNK phosphorylation, and NF-κB activation. LRRC8A siRNA reduces VRAC current and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunostaining co-localization, siRNA knockdown, superoxide assays (SOD inhibition), NF-κB reporter, receptor endocytosis assay Free radical biology & medicine Medium 27838438
2021 LRRC8A physically interacts with NADPH oxidases Nox2, Nox4, and p22phox via its C-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain (LRRD). C-terminal LRRD mutant LRRC8A fails to co-immunoprecipitate with Nox2/Nox4/p22phox. LRRC8A knockdown suppresses AngII-induced ROS production, NADPH oxidase activity, and translocation of cytosolic subunits p47phox and p67phox, implicating LRRC8A-LRRD as the interface for Nox complex regulation in AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Co-immunoprecipitation, domain-deletion mutant (LRRD), immunofluorescence co-localization, AAV9-siRNA in vivo knockdown, ROS/NADPH oxidase activity assays Free radical biology & medicine Medium 33515753
2021 LRRC8A activates JAK2-STAT3 signaling via its C-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain (LRRD), which directly interacts with the adaptor protein GRB2. GRB2 is associated with and necessary for tyrosine-phosphorylated JAK2. This LRRC8A-GRB2-JAK2-STAT3 axis mediates TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transformation and cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction. Myofibroblast-specific Lrrc8a KO attenuates fibrotic remodeling and ventricular dysfunction after MI. Co-immunoprecipitation, LRRD domain mutant, myofibroblast-specific conditional KO mice (periostin-Cre), RNA sequencing, immunoblot for JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation Theranostics Medium 35966575
2017 LRRC8A-containing VRAC in astrocytes shows subunit-dependent substrate specificity: LRRC8A/D-containing heteromers dominate release of uncharged osmolytes (taurine, myo-inositol), whereas LRRC8A/C/E-containing channels dominate release of charged osmolytes (D-aspartate). This demonstrates the existence of at least two distinct heteromeric VRACs in the same cell type. RNAi knockdown of individual LRRC8 subunits, radiotracer efflux assays (D-[14C]aspartate, [3H]taurine, myo-[3H]inositol) The Journal of physiology Medium 28833202
2017 LRRC8A-LRRC8E heteromeric channels are dramatically activated (>10-fold) by oxidation of intracellular cysteine residues (by chloramine-T or tBHP), whereas LRRC8A-LRRC8C and LRRC8A-LRRC8D heteromers are strongly inhibited by oxidation. Endogenous VRAC currents in Jurkat T lymphocytes are inhibited by oxidation, consistent with their predominant LRRC8C/D expression. LRRC8 channel proteins are thus directly modulated by oxidation in a subunit-specific manner. Fluorescently-tagged constitutively active LRRC8 constructs, whole-cell patch-clamp, oxidant application (chloramine-T, tBHP), siRNA for subunit expression verification The Journal of physiology Medium 28841766
2020 Intracellular LRRC8 proteins localize to lysosomes and generate lysosomal VRAC (Lyso-VRAC) currents in response to low cytoplasmic ionic strength. A double-leucine motif (L706L707) at the LRRC8A C-terminus is required for lysosomal targeting; mutation to alanines abolishes Lyso-VRAC but preserves plasma membrane VRAC. Lyso-VRAC is necessary for formation of lysosome-derived vacuoles that store and expel excess water. Selective elimination of Lyso-VRAC increases necrotic cell death under hypoosmotic, hypoxic, and hypothermic stress. Lysosome patch-clamp (whole-lysosome configuration), C-terminal targeting mutant (L706L707A), pharmacological tools, cell death assays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences High 33139539
2018 Germ cell-specific disruption of Lrrc8a leads to abnormal sperm morphology (cytoplasm swelling, disorganized mitochondrial sheaths, angulated/coiled flagella) and male infertility in mice, consistent with impaired cell volume regulation in late spermatids. Sertoli cell-specific disruption does not cause infertility, indicating a cell-autonomous requirement in germ cells. Germ cell-specific and Sertoli cell-specific Lrrc8a KO mice, electron microscopy, sperm morphology analysis, fertility testing The Journal of biological chemistry High 29880644 30135305
2022 NHE1 polarizes to the cell leading edge and SWELL1 polarizes to the cell trailing edge during confined migration. SWELL1 polarization confers migration direction and efficiency. Optogenetic RhoA activation at the cell front triggers SWELL1 redistribution and migration direction reversal in SWELL1-expressing but not SWELL1-knockdown cells. Dual NHE1/SWELL1 knockdown inhibits breast cancer extravasation and metastasis in vivo. Live-cell imaging, optogenetics (RhoA activation), siRNA knockdown, in vivo extravasation/metastasis model, mathematical modeling Nature communications Medium 36253369
2021 Endothelial LRRC8A (SWELL1) is required for VRAC in HUVECs and regulates AKT-eNOS signaling under basal, stretch, and shear-flow conditions. LRRC8A forms a GRB2-Cav1-eNOS signaling complex. Endothelium-restricted Lrrc8a KO mice develop hypertension upon chronic angiotensin-II infusion and exhibit impaired retinal blood flow in type 2 diabetes. Co-immunoprecipitation (GRB2-Cav1-eNOS complex with LRRC8A), endothelium-specific KO mice, patch-clamp, flow/stretch experiments, blood pressure telemetry, retinal angiography eLife Medium 33629656
2020 SWELL1 (LRRC8A) encodes a swell-activated anion channel in skeletal muscle cells that regulates PI3K-AKT, ERK1/2, and mTOR signaling, muscle differentiation, myoblast fusion, oxygen consumption, and glycolysis. LRRC8A overexpression in KO myotubes rescues myotube formation by boosting PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. Skeletal muscle-targeted KO mice have smaller myofibers, reduced force, decreased exercise endurance, increased adiposity, and glucose intolerance on high-fat diet. Skeletal muscle-specific Lrrc8a KO mice, LRRC8A overexpression rescue, patch-clamp, AKT/ERK/mTOR phosphoblot, myoblast fusion assay, metabolic/exercise phenotyping eLife Medium 32930093
2019 LRRC8/VRAC channels are permeable to glutathione (GSH) with a PGSH/PCl ratio of ~0.1 under hypotonic conditions. LRRC8A KO cells show no GSH conductance. LRRC8/VRAC-mediated GSH efflux modulates intracellular ROS levels and contributes to TGFβ1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); pharmacological (DCPIB) or siRNA inhibition of LRRC8A attenuates EMT by preserving intracellular GSH and reducing ROS. LRRC8A KO cells, GSH current measurement, intracellular GSH quantification, DCPIB inhibition, siRNA, EMT marker expression Cell death & disease Medium 31804464
2016 LRRC8A downregulation in cisplatin-sensitive ovarian and alveolar carcinoma cells reduces p53 protein levels and downstream signaling (p21Waf1/Cip1, MDM2) and abolishes Caspase-9/-3 activation after cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin resistance correlates with reduced total LRRC8A expression (A2780) or reduced plasma membrane LRRC8A (A549). LRRC8A-dependent channel activity is upstream of cisplatin-induced apoptotic volume decrease. siRNA knockdown, pharmacological inhibition (NS3728, DIDS), immunoblot for p53/p21/MDM2/caspase activation, apoptosis assays American journal of physiology. Cell physiology Medium 26984736
2016 Cisplatin accumulation in cells correlates with LRRC8A protein expression and VSOAC channel activity; cellular platinum content is high when VSOAC is activated and reduced when LRRC8A is silenced or pharmacologically inhibited. This demonstrates that LRRC8A-containing channels mediate cisplatin uptake. siRNA knockdown, ICP-MS platinum quantification, pharmacological inhibition, VRAC activation/inhibition Journal of inorganic biochemistry Medium 27112899
2019 LRRC8/VRAC promotes mouse myoblast differentiation by facilitating plasma membrane hyperpolarization early during differentiation. LRRC8A knockdown or pharmacological VRAC inhibition reduces myogenin expression and suppresses myoblast fusion without affecting proliferation. VRAC acts upstream of K+ channel activation; inhibition prevents early hyperpolarization and the subsequent increase in intracellular steady-state Ca2+ levels during myogenesis. siRNA knockdown of LRRC8A, pharmacological VRAC inhibition, membrane potential measurement, Ca2+ imaging, myogenin immunostaining, myotube formation assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 31387946
2022 In proximal tubules, LRRC8A and LRRC8D localize to basolateral membranes. Conditional deletion of LRRC8A in proximal (but not distal) tubules, and constitutive deletion of LRRC8D, cause proximal tubular injury, increased diuresis, and mild Fanconi-like symptoms. LRRC8C is exclusively found in vascular endothelium, and LRRC8E is specific for intercalated cells. These findings demonstrate that LRRC8A/D channels are required for basolateral exit of organic compounds in proximal tubules. Epitope-tagged LRRC8 knock-in mice (localization), conditional tubule-specific LRRC8A KO mice, constitutive LRRC8D KO, histology, urine/serum metabolomics Journal of the American Society of Nephrology High 35777784
2020 LRRC8A is an essential regulator of hypotonicity-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine macrophages, but is dispensable for canonical DAMP-induced NLRP3 activation. Chemical, biochemical, and genetic (KO) approaches demonstrated this selective requirement. Canonical DAMP-dependent NLRP3 activation remains sensitive to chloride channel inhibitors, indicating additional chloride-sensing mechanisms. LRRC8A KO macrophages, VRAC pharmacological inhibitors, NLRP3 inflammasome activation assay (IL-1β/IL-18 secretion), ASC speck formation eLife Medium 33216713
2024 Phosphorylation of LRRC8A at Serine 174 (S174) acts as a checkpoint for VRAC activity in the steady state. ATP-evoked K+ efflux via P2X receptors alleviates S174 phosphorylation, thereby activating VRAC and potentiating cGAMP transport. Mutagenesis of S174 modulates the ATP responsiveness of LRRC8A channels. Site-directed mutagenesis (S174), P2X receptor agonist/antagonist, K+ efflux assays, cGAMP transport assay, VRAC electrophysiology Journal of immunology Medium 38847616
2023 LRRC8A channel inhibition in macrophages promotes phagocytosis by activating AMPK, inducing nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and increasing CD36 transcription. Conditional KO of Lrrc8a in macrophages accelerates hematoma clearance, reduces neuronal death, and improves functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. Macrophage/microglia-specific Lrrc8a KO mice, AMPK inhibitor, Nrf2 nuclear translocation assay, CD36 expression, ICH mouse model, VRAC pharmacological inhibition iScience Medium 36465125
2021 Brain-wide conditional deletion of LRRC8A causes fatal seizures in mice at 5–9 weeks of age. Hippocampal slice electrophysiology reveals increased pyramidal cell excitability and modified GABAergic inputs. LRRC8A-null hippocampi show decreased GLT-1, GAT-1, and glutamine synthetase protein levels, and reduced tissue glutamine, indicating that VRAC is required for normal astrocytic amino acid neurotransmitter homeostasis and brain excitability. NestinCre-driven brain-wide LRRC8A conditional KO, EEG/video seizure recording, brain slice patch-clamp, immunoblot, HPLC amino acid quantification FASEB journal Medium 34469026
2003 A truncated form of LRRC8A (deletion of LRR7–9 at C-terminus), caused by chromosomal translocation, acts as a dominant negative to inhibit B cell development when expressed in murine bone marrow transplantation experiments. LRRC8A is expressed on T cells and B-lineage cells and is required for normal B cell development. Chromosomal translocation analysis, cDNA cloning, murine bone marrow transplantation with truncated LRRC8A expression, flow cytometry The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 14660746
2018 GlialCAM/MLC1 modulates LRRC8/VRAC currents indirectly: MLC1 cannot potentiate VRAC when LRRC8A is knocked down, but LRRC8A and MLC1 do not co-localize or co-immunoprecipitate and MLC1 does not potentiate LRRC8-mediated VRAC currents in Xenopus oocytes. Lack of MLC1 increases phosphorylation of LRRC8C (a VRAC subunit), and MLC1 overexpression reduces ERK phosphorylation, suggesting indirect modulation through signal transduction pathways. Co-immunoprecipitation (negative), Xenopus oocyte expression, LRRC8A siRNA knockdown, ERK phosphorylation immunoblot, LRRC8C phosphorylation assay Neurobiology of disease Medium 30076890
2023 LRRC8A associates with MPRIP (myosin phosphatase rho-interacting protein), confirmed by LRRC8A immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, confocal co-localization, proximity ligation assay, and IP/western blot. LRRC8A-MPRIP interaction links LRRC8A to RhoA-MYPT1-actin pathway; siLRRC8A or VRAC blockade decreases RhoA activity in VSMCs, and MYPT1 phosphorylation is reduced in VSMC-specific Lrrc8a KO mesenteries, contributing to enhanced vascular relaxation. Co-IP/mass spectrometry, proximity ligation assay, confocal imaging, VSMC-specific Lrrc8a KO mice, RhoA activity assay, MYPT1 phospho-immunoblot FASEB journal Medium 37310356
2022 LRRC8A channel quantification in cells: approximately 10,000 VRAC channels per cell based on quantitative immunoblot with recombinant protein calibration. LRRC8A immunoprecipitation co-precipitates an excess of non-LRRC8A subunits, suggesting these subunits predominate numerically in heterohexamers. Quantitative immunoblot with recombinant protein calibration, co-immunoprecipitation of all five LRRC8 subunits from multiple tissues International journal of molecular sciences Low 31771171
2024 BioID proximity labeling of LRRC8A identifies interactions with cell-cell junction proteins, calcium homeostasis regulators, kinases, and GTPase signaling components. Re-evaluation of LRRC8A in HCT116 LRRC8A-KO cells confirms no effect on cell proliferation or migration, consistent with PMID:31151189. BioID proximity-dependent biotinylation and mass spectrometry, LRRC8A-KO proliferation/migration assay Cell death discovery Low 38909013

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Identification of LRRC8 heteromers as an essential component of the volume-regulated anion channel VRAC. Science (New York, N.Y.) 517 24790029
2014 SWELL1, a plasma membrane protein, is an essential component of volume-regulated anion channel. Cell 482 24725410
2020 Transfer of cGAMP into Bystander Cells via LRRC8 Volume-Regulated Anion Channels Augments STING-Mediated Interferon Responses and Anti-viral Immunity. Immunity 244 32277911
2016 LRRC8 Proteins Form Volume-Regulated Anion Channels that Sense Ionic Strength. Cell 213 26824658
2019 Glutamate-Releasing SWELL1 Channel in Astrocytes Modulates Synaptic Transmission and Promotes Brain Damage in Stroke. Neuron 191 30982627
2020 LRRC8A:C/E Heteromeric Channels Are Ubiquitous Transporters of cGAMP. Molecular cell 155 33171122
2018 Structure of a volume-regulated anion channel of the LRRC8 family. Nature 155 29769723
2017 SWELL1 is a regulator of adipocyte size, insulin signalling and glucose homeostasis. Nature cell biology 144 28436964
2012 LRRC8 proteins share a common ancestor with pannexins, and may form hexameric channels involved in cell-cell communication. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 139 22532330
2003 A congenital mutation of the novel gene LRRC8 causes agammaglobulinemia in humans. The Journal of clinical investigation 122 14660746
2014 LRRC8A protein is indispensable for swelling-activated and ATP-induced release of excitatory amino acids in rat astrocytes. The Journal of physiology 113 25172945
2014 Leucine-rich repeat containing 8A (LRRC8A) is essential for T lymphocyte development and function. The Journal of experimental medicine 106 24752297
2016 Investigation of LRRC8-Mediated Volume-Regulated Anion Currents in Xenopus Oocytes. Biophysical journal 100 27705766
2018 Cryo-EM structures of the human volume-regulated anion channel LRRC8. Nature structural & molecular biology 96 30127360
2019 Cryo-EM structures of the DCPIB-inhibited volume-regulated anion channel LRRC8A in lipid nanodiscs. eLife 91 30775971
2018 SWELL1 is a glucose sensor regulating β-cell excitability and systemic glycaemia. Nature communications 86 29371604
2018 LRRC8/VRAC anion channels enhance β-cell glucose sensing and insulin secretion. Nature communications 85 29773801
2017 Molecular composition and heterogeneity of the LRRC8-containing swelling-activated osmolyte channels in primary rat astrocytes. The Journal of physiology 85 28833202
2019 A 30-year journey from volume-regulated anion currents to molecular structure of the LRRC8 channel. The Journal of general physiology 82 30651298
2015 VRAC: molecular identification as LRRC8 heteromers with differential functions. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 70 26635246
2020 LRRC8 family proteins within lysosomes regulate cellular osmoregulation and enhance cell survival to multiple physiological stresses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 62 33139539
2022 Polarized NHE1 and SWELL1 regulate migration direction, efficiency and metastasis. Nature communications 61 36253369
2023 Upregulation of LRRC8A by m5C modification-mediated mRNA stability suppresses apoptosis and facilitates tumorigenesis in cervical cancer. International journal of biological sciences 60 36632452
2015 TMEM16, LRRC8A, bestrophin: chloride channels controlled by Ca(2+) and cell volume. Trends in biochemical sciences 59 26254230
2021 The SWELL1-LRRC8 complex regulates endothelial AKT-eNOS signaling and vascular function. eLife 58 33629656
2020 SWELL1 regulates skeletal muscle cell size, intracellular signaling, adiposity and glucose metabolism. eLife 57 32930093
2016 Downregulation of LRRC8A protects human ovarian and alveolar carcinoma cells against Cisplatin-induced expression of p53, MDM2, p21Waf1/Cip1, and Caspase-9/-3 activation. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 54 26984736
2016 Dual role of LRRC8A-containing transporters on cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells. Journal of inorganic biochemistry 51 27112899
2017 Comparative Effects of Chloride Channel Inhibitors on LRRC8/VRAC-Mediated Chloride Conductance. Frontiers in pharmacology 49 28620305
2019 More than just a pressure relief valve: physiological roles of volume-regulated LRRC8 anion channels. Biological chemistry 48 31091194
2017 Subunit-dependent oxidative stress sensitivity of LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channels. The Journal of physiology 48 28841766
2015 The volume-regulated anion channel is formed by LRRC8 heteromers – molecular identification and roles in membrane transport and physiology. Biological chemistry 48 25868000
2018 LRRC8A is essential for swelling-activated chloride current and for regulatory volume decrease in astrocytes. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 47 29957062
2004 LRRC8 involved in B cell development belongs to a novel family of leucine-rich repeat proteins. FEBS letters 47 15094057
2016 LRRC8A channels support TNFα-induced superoxide production by Nox1 which is required for receptor endocytosis. Free radical biology & medicine 44 27838438
2020 LRRC8A is essential for hypotonicity-, but not for DAMP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. eLife 42 33216713
2017 The volume-regulated anion channel (LRRC8) in nodose neurons is sensitive to acidic pH. JCI insight 42 28289711
2019 The Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8/VRAC Is Dispensable for Cell Proliferation and Migration. International journal of molecular sciences 41 31151189
2020 LRRC8A-dependent volume-regulated anion channels contribute to ischemia-induced brain injury and glutamatergic input to hippocampal neurons. Experimental neurology 40 32598930
2018 Intracellular and extracellular loops of LRRC8 are essential for volume-regulated anion channel function. The Journal of general physiology 39 29853476
2019 SWELL1 promotes cell growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. EBioMedicine 38 31597595
2017 Leucine-rich repeat containing 8A (LRRC8A)-dependent volume-regulated anion channel activity is dispensable for T-cell development and function. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 38 28192143
2023 Structural basis for assembly and lipid-mediated gating of LRRC8A:C volume-regulated anion channels. Nature structural & molecular biology 37 36928458
2022 Small molecule SWELL1 complex induction improves glycemic control and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in murine Type 2 diabetes. Nature communications 37 35145074
2016 Non-essential contribution of LRRC8A to volume regulation. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 36 26873248
2018 GlialCAM/MLC1 modulates LRRC8/VRAC currents in an indirect manner: Implications for megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy. Neurobiology of disease 35 30076890
2020 Chronic ethanol consumption and HBV induce abnormal lipid metabolism through HBx/SWELL1/arachidonic acid signaling and activate Tregs in HBV-Tg mice. Theranostics 34 32802190
2018 LRRC8/VRAC anion channels are required for late stages of spermatid development in mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 34 29880644
2022 Structure of a volume-regulated heteromeric LRRC8A/C channel. Nature structural & molecular biology 33 36522427
2016 Specific and essential but not sufficient roles of LRRC8A in the activity of volume-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel (VSOR). Channels (Austin, Tex.) 33 27764579
2018 LRRC8 N termini influence pore properties and gating of volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs). The Journal of biological chemistry 32 29925591
2021 LRRC8A-containing chloride channel is crucial for cell volume recovery and survival under hypertonic conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 31 34083438
2021 LRRC8A influences the growth of gastric cancer cells via the p53 signaling pathway. Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association 30 33864161
2019 LRRC8A Expression Influences Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The American journal of pathology 30 31323188
2021 Mechanisms of Activation of LRRC8 Volume Regulated Anion Channels. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 29 33577730
2016 Relationship between TMEM16A/anoctamin 1 and LRRC8A. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 29 27514381
2019 TTYH1 and TTYH2 Serve as LRRC8A-Independent Volume-Regulated Anion Channels in Cancer Cells. Cells 28 31181821
2019 LRRC8/VRAC channels exhibit a noncanonical permeability to glutathione, which modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell death & disease 27 31804464
2018 Deficient LRRC8A-dependent volume-regulated anion channel activity is associated with male infertility in mice. JCI insight 27 30135305
2016 Leucine-rich repeat containing protein LRRC8A is essential for swelling-activated Cl- currents and embryonic development in zebrafish. Physiological reports 27 27688432
2019 The LRRC8/VRAC anion channel facilitates myogenic differentiation of murine myoblasts by promoting membrane hyperpolarization. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 31387946
2021 LRRC8A contributes to angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by interacting with NADPH oxidases via the C-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain. Free radical biology & medicine 25 33515753
2019 The LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channel inhibitor, DCPIB, inhibits mitochondrial respiration independently of the channel. Physiological reports 25 31814333
2022 LRRC8A critically regulates myofibroblast phenotypes and fibrotic remodeling following myocardial infarction. Theranostics 23 35966575
2020 LRRC8A homohexameric channels poorly recapitulate VRAC regulation and pharmacology. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 23 33356947
2023 Cell volume controlled by LRRC8A-formed volume-regulated anion channels fine-tunes T cell activation and function. Nature communications 22 37925509
2021 Oxidant-resistant LRRC8A/C anion channels support superoxide production by NADPH oxidase 1. The Journal of physiology 22 33932953
2017 Induction of adipose and hepatic SWELL1 expression is required for maintaining systemic insulin-sensitivity in obesity. Channels (Austin, Tex.) 22 28873008
2024 Activation of osmo-sensitive LRRC8 anion channels in macrophages is important for micro-crystallin joint inflammation. Nature communications 21 39294178
2019 CysLT1 receptor antagonists pranlukast and zafirlukast inhibit LRRC8-mediated volume regulated anion channels independently of the receptor. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 21 31390227
2022 Regulators of cell volume: The structural and functional properties of anion channels of the LRRC8 family. Current opinion in structural biology 20 35504105
2022 Renal Deletion of LRRC8/VRAC Channels Induces Proximal Tubulopathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 20 35777784
2022 Structure-function relationships of the LRRC8 subunits and subdomains of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 20 36035259
2021 Regulation of Anion Channel LRRC8 Volume-Regulated Anion Channels in Transport of 2'3'-Cyclic GMP-AMP and Cisplatin under Steady State and Inflammation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20 33827893
2019 Inhibition of angiotensin II-induced cerebrovascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by LRRC8A downregulation through suppressing PI3K/AKT activation. Human cell 19 31127489
2019 Absolute Protein Amounts and Relative Abundance of Volume-regulated Anion Channel (VRAC) LRRC8 Subunits in Cells and Tissues Revealed by Quantitative Immunoblotting. International journal of molecular sciences 19 31771171
2018 Hypotonic stress response of human keratinocytes involves LRRC8A as component of volume-regulated anion channels. Experimental dermatology 19 30252954
2021 Late adolescence mortality in mice with brain-specific deletion of the volume-regulated anion channel subunit LRRC8A. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 18 34469026
2023 Structural insights into anion selectivity and activation mechanism of LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channels. Cell reports 17 37543949
2016 Distinct contributions of LRRC8A and its paralogs to the VSOR anion channel from those of the ASOR anion channel. Channels (Austin, Tex.) 17 27579940
2024 The SWELL1 Channel Promotes Ischemic Brain Damage by Mediating Neuronal Swelling and Glutamate Toxicity. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 16 39056405
2023 Conditional deletion of LRRC8A in the brain reduces stroke damage independently of swelling-activated glutamate release. iScience 16 37182109
2023 LRRC8A anion channels modulate vascular reactivity via association with myosin phosphatase rho interacting protein. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 16 37310356
2022 LRRC8A is dispensable for a variety of microglial functions and response to acute stroke. Glia 16 35150591
2022 Inhibition of the LRRC8A channel promotes microglia/macrophage phagocytosis and improves outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. iScience 16 36465125
2017 Cisplatin activates volume sensitive LRRC8 channel mediated currents in Xenopus oocytes. Channels (Austin, Tex.) 16 28121479
2022 Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel LRRC8. Frontiers in pharmacology 15 35645818
2024 Interactomic exploration of LRRC8A in volume-regulated anion channels. Cell death discovery 14 38909013
2021 Volume-regulated chloride channel regulates cell proliferation and is involved in the possible interaction between TMEM16A and LRRC8A in human metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. European journal of pharmacology 14 33476655
2022 Loss of the volume-regulated anion channel components LRRC8A and LRRC8D limits platinum drug efficacy. Cancer research communications 13 36467895
2022 Activation of Swell1 in microglia suppresses neuroinflammation and reduces brain damage in ischemic stroke. Neurobiology of disease 13 36511337
2018 LRRC8A potentiates temozolomide sensitivity in glioma cells via activating mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Human cell 13 30426452
2024 LRRC8A as a central mediator promotes colon cancer metastasis by regulating PIP5K1B/PIP2 pathway. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease 12 38350542
2024 ATP-elicited Cation Fluxes Promote Volume-regulated Anion Channel LRRC8/VRAC Transport cGAMP for Antitumor Immunity. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 12 38847616
2021 LRRC8A is essential for volume-regulated anion channel in smooth muscle cells contributing to cerebrovascular remodeling during hypertension. Cell proliferation 12 34725866
2020 Ca2+ Dependence of Volume-Regulated VRAC/LRRC8 and TMEM16A Cl- Channels. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 12 33335902
2019 The LRRC8-mediated volume-regulated anion channel is altered in glaucoma. Scientific reports 12 30931966
2021 LRRC8/VRAC Channels and the Redox Balance: A Complex Relationship. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 11 33711227
2020 LRRC8 channel activation and reduction in cytosolic chloride concentration during early differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 11 32892951
2018 Expression of LRRC8/VRAC Currents in Xenopus Oocytes: Advantages and Caveats. International journal of molecular sciences 11 29498698

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