Affinage

HAT1

Histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit · UniProt O14929

Length
419 aa
Mass
49.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 24 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

HAT1 is a type B histone acetyltransferase and founding member of the GNAT superfamily that acetylates newly synthesized, non-nucleosomal histone H4 at Lys5 and Lys12 and histone H2A at Lys5, functioning as a holoenzyme with the RbAp46/48 (Hat2/Mis16) subunit that stimulates catalytic activity and mediates histone chaperone transfer via Asf1 (PMID:9427644, PMID:35393344). Beyond canonical histone substrates, HAT1 acetylates non-histone proteins including PLZF, HIF2A, and ACSL4 to regulate inflammatory signaling, hypoxia response, and ferroptosis sensitivity, and catalyzes lysine methacrylation on histones (PMID:25865065, PMID:36410688, PMID:40050614, PMID:34961760). HAT1 occupies histone H4 gene promoters to drive a feedforward circuit coupling histone production with nascent histone acetylation during S phase, and is required for maintenance of chromatin accessibility at lamin-associated domains, repression of H3K9me3, telomeric silencing, DNA damage repair, and CENP-A loading (PMID:31278053, PMID:34788845, PMID:22771823, PMID:17052979, PMID:26586808). Conditional Hat1 knockout in mice causes early-onset aging, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, consistent with unbiased acetylome analyses revealing broad HAT1-dependent acetylation of mitochondrial and chromatin-regulatory proteins (PMID:31290578, PMID:32081014).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 12 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Defining the HAT1 holoenzyme composition and substrate specificity resolved the long-standing question of which enzyme acetylates newly synthesized H4 in the cytoplasm, establishing that the catalytic subunit requires the RbAp46/48 cofactor and acts on soluble H4 K5/K12 and H2A K5 but not nucleosomal histones.

    Evidence Affinity purification from human 293 cells with in vitro acetyltransferase assays on soluble vs. nucleosomal substrates; biochemical fractionation of yeast hat1/hat2 mutants

    PMID:9427644 PMID:9575221

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which p46/p48 stimulates catalysis was not resolved
    • Whether HAT1 acts on other substrates beyond H4/H2A was unknown
  2. 1998 High

    The crystal structure of yeast Hat1 with acetyl-CoA revealed the active-site architecture and founded the GNAT superfamily classification, providing the structural framework for understanding substrate recognition.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of Hat1–AcCoA complex at 2.3 Å

    PMID:9727486

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure lacked the histone substrate, so the catalytic mechanism of H4 tail recognition was inferred
    • No structure of the holoenzyme with Hat2/RbAp46
  3. 2001 High

    Demonstration that pre-existing H4 K8/K16 acetylation and S1 phosphorylation inhibit Hat1 activity established that Hat1 specificity depends on the modification state of its substrate, explaining why it targets only newly synthesized histones.

    Evidence In vitro HAT assays with synthetic H4 peptides bearing defined modifications

    PMID:11585814

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this cross-talk operates in vivo was not shown
    • The structural basis for inhibition by neighboring marks was unknown
  4. 2006 High

    Hat1 deletion in fission yeast causing DNA damage sensitivity revealed that Hat1 functions extend beyond simple histone deposition acetylation to include genome maintenance, an observation conserved across species.

    Evidence S. pombe hat1 deletion with MMS sensitivity assay

    PMID:17052979

    Open questions at the time
    • The molecular mechanism linking H4K5/K12 acetylation to DNA repair was not identified
    • Whether Hat1 acts directly at damage sites was untested
  5. 2012 High

    Discovery that Hat1 deletion in S. pombe causes loss of telomeric silencing with increased subtelomeric H4 acetylation showed that Hat1 contributes to heterochromatin maintenance, extending its role beyond replication-coupled assembly.

    Evidence S. pombe hat1 deletion, telomeric silencing assay, ChIP for H4 acetylation

    PMID:22771823

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this reflects direct or indirect effects on heterochromatin factors was unclear
    • Not tested in mammalian cells at this time
  6. 2015 Medium

    Two studies expanded HAT1 function beyond histones: one showed HAT1 acetylates the transcription factor PLZF downstream of CaMK2 to limit NF-κB inflammatory signaling, and another revealed HAT1 participates in a CENP-A preloading complex with a chaperone-like escort function independent of its acetyltransferase activity.

    Evidence Co-IP, mutagenesis of acetylation/phosphorylation sites with cytokine readouts (PLZF); RNAi of Hat1 in Drosophila S2 cells with CENP-A loading assay

    PMID:25865065 PMID:26586808

    Open questions at the time
    • PLZF acetylation sites and stoichiometry not fully mapped
    • Chaperone function of Hat1 for CENP-A not reconstituted in vitro
    • Both findings from single laboratories
  7. 2017 Medium

    AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of HAT1 linked metabolic signaling to chromatin remodeling and mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression, establishing HAT1 as a regulated node integrating energy sensing with epigenetic output.

    Evidence In vitro AMPK kinase assay, pharmacological AMPK activation in HUVECs and mouse aorta, gene expression analysis

    PMID:28143904

    Open questions at the time
    • The specific phosphorylation site(s) on HAT1 were not all mapped
    • Whether AMPK-HAT1 axis operates in non-endothelial tissues was untested
  8. 2019 High

    Three studies collectively established HAT1 as essential for chromatin homeostasis and organismal health: HAT1 occupies H4 gene promoters to create a feedforward loop coupling histone transcription with acetylation; Drosophila Hat1 loss abolishes nearly all H4K5/K12 acetylation; and conditional Hat1 knockout in mice causes early-onset aging, senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Evidence ChIP-seq/RNA-seq in mammalian cells; Drosophila Hat1 KO with Western blot; conditional mouse KO with aging, senescence, ROS, and mitochondrial phenotyping

    PMID:31278053 PMID:31290578 PMID:31784689

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting H4K5/K12 acetylation loss to mitochondrial dysfunction not delineated
    • Whether the aging phenotype is rescued by catalytic-dead Hat1 restoration was not tested
    • Direct promoter targets of the feedforward loop beyond H4 genes incompletely defined
  9. 2020 High

    Unbiased acetylome profiling of Hat1 KO MEFs revealed that HAT1 is required for acetylation of dozens of non-histone proteins including CBP, p53, and mitochondrial proteins, and that Hat1 itself localizes to mitochondria, greatly expanding its substrate repertoire.

    Evidence Quantitative acetylome mass spectrometry of Hat1+/+ vs Hat1−/− MEFs, subcellular fractionation

    PMID:32081014

    Open questions at the time
    • Which acetylation events are direct Hat1 catalytic products vs. indirect effects is unresolved
    • Mitochondrial import mechanism for Hat1 not determined
  10. 2021 High

    Two discoveries refined HAT1's chromatin and catalytic scope: loss of HAT1 collapses chromatin accessibility at megabase-scale lamin-associated domains with concomitant H3K9me3 gain, and HAT1 was shown to catalyze lysine methacrylation, a novel acyl modification on histones.

    Evidence HAT1 KO MEFs with ATAC-seq and H3K9me3 ChIP-seq; in vitro methacrylation assay with methacrylyl-CoA and MS validation

    PMID:34788845 PMID:34961760

    Open questions at the time
    • How HAT1-dependent acetylation prevents H3K9me3 spreading is mechanistically unresolved
    • Physiological abundance and functional significance of histone methacrylation unknown
    • Whether methacrylation uses the same active site geometry as acetylation not structurally addressed
  11. 2022 High

    The cryo-EM/crystal structure of the Hat1–Hat2–Asf1–H3–H4 complex revealed how the histone chaperone Asf1 hands off the H3–H4 dimer to the HAT1 holoenzyme, with RbAp46/Hat2 making extensive contacts with the H3 N-terminal tail, establishing a chaperone-passing mechanism for replication-coupled chromatin assembly.

    Evidence Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography of the quaternary complex

    PMID:35393344

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream hand-off from Hat1 complex to CAF-1 not structurally captured
    • Whether catalysis occurs during or after chaperone transfer not resolved
  12. 2022 Medium

    HAT1 was shown to acetylate non-histone targets HIF2A (K512/K596) and ACSL4 (K383), stabilizing these proteins and linking HAT1 to hypoxia-driven transcription and ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro acetylation assay, site-directed mutagenesis with stability/ubiquitination readouts in glioblastoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

    PMID:36410688 PMID:40050614

    Open questions at the time
    • Both findings from single laboratories; independent confirmation needed
    • Whether these non-histone substrates are acetylated by HAT1 in normal (non-cancer) physiology unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: the structural and kinetic basis by which HAT1 distinguishes histone from non-histone substrates; how loss of H4K5/K12 acetylation mechanistically leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerated aging; whether HAT1's mitochondrial localization reflects a direct catalytic role inside mitochondria; and what fraction of the broad acetylome changes in Hat1 KO cells represent direct versus indirect targets.
  • No structural model of HAT1 bound to a non-histone substrate
  • Mitochondrial import mechanism unknown
  • Direct vs. indirect acetylation targets not systematically distinguished

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016740 transferase activity 8 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 4 GO:0042393 histone binding 3 GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 5 GO:0005829 cytosol 4 GO:0005694 chromosome 2 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1
Pathway
R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 9 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 1 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
ACSL4ASF1AHIF2AHMGB1PLZFRBBP4RBBP7SET
Complex memberships
HAT1–Hat2–Asf1–H3–H4HAT1–RbAp46/48 (HAT-B holoenzyme)HMGB1/SET/HAT1

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 Human HAT1 holoenzyme purified from 293 cells consists of two subunits: a catalytic subunit (HAT1) and a core-histone-binding subunit (p46); p46 greatly stimulates HAT1 acetyltransferase activity. The holoenzyme acetylates soluble (but not nucleosomal) histone H4 at Lys5 and Lys12, and histone H2A at Lys5. Both p46 and p48 bind directly to helix 1 of histone H4. Affinity purification of holoenzyme from human 293 cells, in vitro acetyltransferase assays on soluble vs. nucleosomal substrates, direct binding assays Current biology : CB High 9427644
1998 Crystal structure of yeast Hat1 in complex with acetyl-CoA at 2.3 Å resolution revealed an elongated curved structure with AcCoA bound in a cleft on the concave surface marking the active site; a channel across the protein is the probable histone substrate binding site. The structure established Hat1 as the founding member of the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily. X-ray crystallography of Hat1–AcCoA complex at 2.3 Å resolution Cell High 9727486
1998 Yeast HAT1 and HAT2 together constitute both the cytoplasmic type B histone acetyltransferase and a nuclear free-histone-H4-specific acetyltransferase. The catalytic subunit of both complexes is the 42 kDa HAT1 protein; the cytoplasmic complex is ~150 kDa and the nuclear complex is ~110 kDa. Biochemical fractionation of extracts from hat1, hat2, and gcn5 single and double mutant yeast strains; in vitro HAT assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 9575221
1999 Xenopus Hat1 holoenzyme purified from oocyte nuclei contains the catalytic subunit Hat1, the retinoblastoma-associated protein RbAp48, and 14-3-3 proteins. The holoenzyme specifically acetylates free histone H4 but not nucleosomal histones. The holoenzyme is stored in vast excess in the oocyte nucleus where acetylated histones are stockpiled; following oocyte maturation it redistributes to the cytoplasm. Biochemical purification from Xenopus oocytes, in vitro acetyltransferase assays, subcellular fractionation Biochemistry High 10529179
2001 Acetylation of histone H4 at Lys8 and Lys16 by other acetyltransferases strongly inhibits subsequent acetylation by Hat1 at Lys5 and Lys12; pre-treatment with histone deacetylase restores Hat1 activity. Additionally, Hat1 requires positively charged amino acids (K or R) at H4 positions 8 and 16 for efficient catalysis, and phosphorylation of H4 Ser1 depresses Hat1 activity. In vitro HAT assays using synthetic H4 N-terminal peptides with defined modifications; yeast Hat1p and human HAT-B complex tested The Journal of biological chemistry High 11585814
2006 Hat1 preferentially acetylates Lys12 of histone H4 over Lys5 in vitro, consistent with the structural model of H4 tail binding. Deletion of hat1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe causes increased sensitivity to the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate even without additional histone H3 mutations, demonstrating a Hat1-dependent role in DNA damage repair that is evolutionarily conserved. In vitro HAT assays on H4 peptides; yeast genetic deletion and MMS sensitivity assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 17052979
2014 Human Hat1 acetylates lysine 5 of histone H2A in vivo (in addition to H4 K5 and K12). shRNA knockdown of HAT1 in HeLa cells decreased H4K5ac, H4K12ac, and H2AK5ac levels in cytosolic and insoluble nuclear protein fractions. shRNA knockdown in HeLa cells, quantification of acetylation by Western blot of histone fractions Molecular and cellular biochemistry Medium 24682716
2015 HAT1 is activated by CaMK2 signalling downstream of Toll-like or TNF-α receptor stimulation. Activated HAT1 then acetylates the transcriptional regulator PLZF, promoting assembly of a repressor complex (PLZF–HDAC3–NF-κB p50) that limits NF-κB-driven inflammatory cytokine production. Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis of acetylation/phosphorylation sites, kinase activity assays, cytokine measurement upon KD/OE Nature communications Medium 25865065
2015 HAT1 is part of a novel CENP-A preloading complex in Drosophila that also contains Caf1/Rbap48 and CENP-A/H4. Hat1 knockdown in S2 cells reduces incorporation of newly synthesized CENP-A into chromatin. CENP-A interacts with the Hat1 complex via its N-terminal region, which is acetylated in cytoplasmic but not nuclear CENP-A; Hat1 acetyltransferase activity is not responsible for CENP-A acetylation, suggesting a chaperone-like escort function for Hat1. Co-immunoprecipitation of Hat1 complex, RNAi knockdown with CENP-A loading readout, acetylation mapping Nucleic acids research Medium 26586808
2017 AMPK directly phosphorylates HAT1, resulting in activation of HAT1 acetyltransferase activity. AMPK-mediated HAT1 activation promotes nucleosome remodeling and expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (PGC-1α, Tfam, UCP2/3) in endothelial cells and mouse aorta. In vitro AMPK phosphorylation assays, pharmacological AMPK activation in HUVECs and in vivo in mice, gene expression analysis Science signaling Medium 28143904
2019 HAT1 binds at promoters of histone H4 genes and is required for their transcription via an acetate-sensitive promoter element. HAT1 expression is required for S-phase progression and maintenance of H3K9 acetylation at proliferation-associated loci. These data reveal a feedforward circuit in which HAT1 drives both H4 gene transcription and acetylation of nascent histones. ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, loss-of-function experiments, S-phase progression assays Molecular cell High 31278053
2019 Conditional knockout of Hat1 in mice causes early-onset aging phenotypes (lordokyphosis, muscle atrophy, cancer, paralysis), early cellular senescence, accumulation of p21, elevated reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial defects in MEFs, indicating that Hat1 is required for normal mitochondrial function and genome stability in mammals. Conditional mouse knockout, MEF senescence assays, ROS measurement, mitochondrial function assays Aging cell High 31290578
2019 Loss of Hat1 in Drosophila results in near-complete loss of histone H4 K5 and K12 acetylation in embryos, identifying Hat1 as the primary H4K5 and H4K12 acetyltransferase at this developmental stage. H4K5/K12 acetylation is not required for nuclear transport of histone H4. Drosophila Hat1 loss-of-function mutant generation, Western blot of H4 acetylation marks, localization of histone H4 variant, RNA-seq Scientific reports High 31784689
2021 Loss of HAT1, which acetylates H4K5 and H4K12 during replication-coupled chromatin assembly, results in loss of chromatin accessibility in megabase-scale HAT1-dependent Accessibility Domains (HADs) that overlap with Lamin-Associated Domains. HAT1 globally represses H3K9me3 levels; HADs correspond to regions with HAT1-dependent increases in H3K9me3 peak density. HAT1 is required to maintain nuclear structure and integrity. HAT1 knockout MEFs, ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq for H3K9me3, nuclear integrity assays Nucleic acids research High 34788845
2021 HAT1 functions as a methacryltransferase, catalyzing lysine methacrylation (Kmea) on histones; SIRT2 acts as the corresponding de-methacrylase. 27 Kmea-modified histone sites were identified in HeLa cells by affinity enrichment and mass spectrometry. In vitro acetyltransferase assay with methacrylyl-CoA, pan-Kmea antibody affinity enrichment, mass spectrometry, SIRT2 de-modification assay Cell discovery High 34961760
2022 HAT1 directly acetylates HIF2A at K512 and K596, stabilizing HIF2A protein under normoxia and hypoxia. HAT1 and HIF2A interact physically and co-occupy the VEGFA promoter. HAT1-dependent HIF2A acetylation is required for cancer stem cell maintenance and hypoxia response in glioblastoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP assay, acetylation-mimic mutations in HIF2A, HAT1 silencing with functional readouts Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms Medium 36410688
2022 HAT1 directly acetylates ACSL4 at K383, enhancing ACSL4 protein stability by inhibiting FBXO10-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination. HDAC2 enhances ACSL4 acetylation indirectly by suppressing SIRT3 transcription. HAT1-mediated ACSL4 acetylation promotes ferroptosis sensitivity and radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro acetylation assay, site-directed mutagenesis (K383R), ubiquitination assay, in vitro and in vivo radiosensitivity assays Cell death & disease Medium 40050614
2022 Structure of the Hat1–Hat2 acetyltransferase complex bound to Asf1–H3–H4 shows that core domains of both H3 and H4 contact Hat1 and Hat2, and the H3 N-terminal tail makes extensive interaction with Hat2/RbAp46. This reveals a chaperone-passing mechanism and implicates Hat2/RbAp46/48 in transferring histones between chaperones. Cryo-EM/X-ray structure of Hat1–Hat2–Asf1–H3–H4 complex Genes & development High 35393344
2012 Fission yeast Hat1 (Kat1) is associated with Mis16 (RbAp46 homologue) and the Hat1 complex acetylates H4K5 and H4K12. Deletion of hat1 in S. pombe alone is sufficient to cause loss of telomeric silencing, accompanied by increased H4 acetylation in subtelomeric chromatin. Co-immunoprecipitation of Hat1 complex, in vitro HAT assay, hat1 deletion strain, telomeric silencing assay, ChIP Eukaryotic cell High 22771823
2018 HAT1 is found in a complex with RIP1, RIP3, SIRT1/2, and HAT4. Mass spectrometry identified five acetylation sites in the kinase and death domains of RIP1. SIRT inhibitor MC2494 increases RIP1 acetylation; mutagenesis of acetylated lysines in RIP1 reduces RIP1-dependent cell death. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry identification of RIP1 acetylation sites, mutagenesis, cell death assays Clinical cancer research Medium 29535128
2020 Unbiased proteomics of Hat1+/+ vs Hat1-/- MEFs identified 65 proteins with >2.5-fold decreased acetylation in the absence of Hat1, including the autoregulatory loop of CBP (decreased ~20-fold). Hat1-dependent acetylation targets include transcriptional regulators (p53), chromatin proteins, and mitochondrial proteins. Hat1 was detected in mitochondria by fractionation. Acetylome mass spectrometry (label-free quantitation), subcellular fractionation, Hat1 KO MEFs grown on glucose vs. galactose Journal of proteome research High 32081014
2010 Human HAT1 has two isoforms: isoform a (418 aa) localized exclusively in the nuclear matrix, and isoform b (334 aa) distributed in cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nuclear matrix. Irradiation with heavy-ion particles triggers enhanced nuclear accumulation of Hat1 regulated by the PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways. Immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/MAPK Molecular and cellular biochemistry Low 20148353
2023 HMGB1 physically interacts with SET and HAT1 to form an HMGB1/SET/HAT1 complex that suppresses H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation, thereby repressing SASH1 transcription and promoting glycolysis and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP assay for H3K9ac and H3K27ac at SASH1 locus, in vitro and in vivo functional assays Oncogene Medium 37794134
2023 ACL subunit A2 (ACLA2) interacts with HAT1 in rice nuclei and is required for nuclear acetyl-CoA accumulation and HAT1-dependent H4K5 acetylation. The HAT1–ACLA2 module promotes cell division in developing endosperm and controls H4K5 acetylation at specific genomic loci. Co-immunoprecipitation, nuclear acetyl-CoA measurement, ChIP-seq for H4K5ac, loss-of-function mutants with cell-division readout Nature communications Medium 37277331

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 Expression of an inward-rectifying potassium channel by the Arabidopsis KAT1 cDNA. Science (New York, N.Y.) 335 8966547
1998 Nucleosomal DNA regulates the core-histone-binding subunit of the human Hat1 acetyltransferase. Current biology : CB 300 9427644
2009 Threonine at position 306 of the KAT1 potassium channel is essential for channel activity and is a target site for ABA-activated SnRK2/OST1/SnRK2.6 protein kinase. The Biochemical journal 253 19785574
2017 AMPK promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function by phosphorylating the epigenetic factors DNMT1, RBBP7, and HAT1. Science signaling 203 28143904
1998 Structure of the histone acetyltransferase Hat1: a paradigm for the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase superfamily. Cell 192 9727486
2001 KAT1 is not essential for stomatal opening. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 176 11226341
2000 Guard cell inward K+ channel activity in arabidopsis involves expression of the twin channel subunits KAT1 and KAT2. The Journal of biological chemistry 171 11042178
2007 Abscisic acid triggers the endocytosis of the arabidopsis KAT1 K+ channel and its recycling to the plasma membrane. Current biology : CB 149 17683934
2006 Selective mobility and sensitivity to SNAREs is exhibited by the Arabidopsis KAT1 K+ channel at the plasma membrane. The Plant cell 147 16531497
2007 Hat1: the emerging cellular roles of a type B histone acetyltransferase. Oncogene 134 17694075
1998 Guard cells possess a calcium-dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates the KAT1 potassium channel. Plant physiology 127 9489023
2004 Endocytosis against high turgor: intact guard cells of Vicia faba constitutively endocytose fluorescently labelled plasma membrane and GFP-tagged K-channel KAT1. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 114 15225284
2019 Regulation of anthocyanin accumulation via MYB75/HAT1/TPL-mediated transcriptional repression. PLoS genetics 109 30875369
1996 Changes in voltage activation, Cs+ sensitivity, and ion permeability in H5 mutants of the plant K+ channel KAT1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 8755614
2018 Transcription factor HAT1 is a substrate of SnRK2.3 kinase and negatively regulates ABA synthesis and signaling in Arabidopsis responding to drought. PLoS genetics 88 29659577
1998 HAT1 and HAT2 proteins are components of a yeast nuclear histone acetyltransferase enzyme specific for free histone H4. The Journal of biological chemistry 86 9575221
2015 The Arabidopsis R-SNARE VAMP721 Interacts with KAT1 and KC1 K+ Channels to Moderate K+ Current at the Plasma Membrane. The Plant cell 84 26002867
2014 CPK13, a noncanonical Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, specifically inhibits KAT2 and KAT1 shaker K+ channels and reduces stomatal opening. Plant physiology 83 25037208
2004 Auxin activates KAT1 and KAT2, two K+-channel genes expressed in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 80 14996216
1995 Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for patch-clamp analysis of heterologous membrane proteins: characterization of Kat1, an inward-rectifying K+ channel from Arabidopsis thaliana, and comparison with endogeneous yeast channels and carriers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 80 7708709
2019 HAT1 Coordinates Histone Production and Acetylation via H4 Promoter Binding. Molecular cell 74 31278053
2015 The acetyltransferase HAT1 moderates the NF-κB response by regulating the transcription factor PLZF. Nature communications 68 25865065
2006 Preliminary evidence for a link between schizophrenia and NMDA-glycine site receptor ligand metabolic enzymes, d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) and kynurenine aminotransferase-1 (KAT-1). Brain research 66 16828464
2020 Electromechanical coupling in the hyperpolarization-activated K+ channel KAT1. Nature 61 32461693
2019 HAT1 signaling confers to assembly and epigenetic regulation of HBV cccDNA minichromosome. Theranostics 59 31695772
2005 Determining the environment of the ligand binding pocket of the human angiotensin II type I (hAT1) receptor using the methionine proximity assay. The Journal of biological chemistry 58 15890659
2006 The potassium channel KAT1 is activated by plant and animal 14-3-3 proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 56 16990282
2004 Trafficking of the plant potassium inward rectifier KAT1 in guard cell protoplasts of Vicia faba. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 56 14731259
1999 Suppression of inward-rectifying K+ channels KAT1 and AKT2 by dominant negative point mutations in the KAT1 alpha-subunit. The Journal of membrane biology 55 9916143
1999 Purification and properties of the Xenopus Hat1 acetyltransferase: association with the 14-3-3 proteins in the oocyte nucleus. Biochemistry 54 10529179
2021 KAT1 triggers YTHDF2-mediated ITGB1 mRNA instability to alleviate the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacological research 53 34098071
2009 Preferential KAT1-KAT2 heteromerization determines inward K+ current properties in Arabidopsis guard cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 53 20040603
2022 FOXP3/HAT1 Axis Controls Treg Infiltration in the Tumor Microenvironment by Inducing CCR4 Expression in Breast Cancer. Frontiers in immunology 52 35222362
1997 Voltage-dependent gating characteristics of the K+ channel KAT1 depend on the N and C termini. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 52 9096414
2006 Diacidic motif is required for efficient transport of the K+ channel KAT1 to the plasma membrane. Plant physiology 51 16950859
2008 Interaction of the K(+)-channel KAT1 with the coat protein complex II coat component Sec24 depends on a di-acidic endoplasmic reticulum export motif. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 49 18702673
1999 Distinct molecular bases for pH sensitivity of the guard cell K+ channels KST1 and KAT1. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 10206968
2006 Properties of the type B histone acetyltransferase Hat1: H4 tail interaction, site preference, and involvement in DNA repair. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 17052979
2021 Histone lysine methacrylation is a dynamic post-translational modification regulated by HAT1 and SIRT2. Cell discovery 46 34961760
2015 The Candida albicans Histone Acetyltransferase Hat1 Regulates Stress Resistance and Virulence via Distinct Chromatin Assembly Pathways. PLoS pathogens 45 26473952
2003 Molecular coupling between voltage sensor and pore opening in the Arabidopsis inward rectifier K+ channel KAT1. The Journal of general physiology 44 14517271
2018 RIP1-HAT1-SIRT Complex Identification and Targeting in Treatment and Prevention of Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 43 29535128
2014 Domesticated transposase Kat1 and its fossil imprints induce sexual differentiation in yeast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 25313032
2017 Fusicoccin Activates KAT1 Channels by Stabilizing Their Interaction with 14-3-3 Proteins. The Plant cell 42 28970335
2012 The histone acetyltransferase Hat1 facilitates DNA damage repair and morphogenesis in Candida albicans. Molecular microbiology 40 23075292
2015 MiR-486 regulates cholesterol efflux by targeting HAT1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 38 26654953
2001 Effects of acetylation of histone H4 at lysines 8 and 16 on activity of the Hat1 histone acetyltransferase. The Journal of biological chemistry 38 11585814
2000 Co-expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase with the inward rectified guard cell K+ channel KAT1 alters current parameters in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Plant & cell physiology 38 10945349
2000 Phosphorylation of the inward-rectifying potassium channel KAT1 by ABR kinase in Vicia guard cells. Plant & cell physiology 38 10965941
1996 Functional expression of the plant K+ channel KAT1 in insect cells. FEBS letters 37 8601430
2000 Biochemical characterization of the Arabidopsis K+ channels KAT1 and AKT1 expressed or co-expressed in insect cells. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 35 10972879
1998 Voltage-dependent gating of single wild-type and S4 mutant KAT1 inward rectifier potassium channels. The Journal of general physiology 35 9834140
2022 Aspirin modulates succinylation of PGAM1K99 to restrict the glycolysis through NF-κB/HAT1/PGAM1 signaling in liver cancer. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 34 35835856
2017 Analysis of the global regulator Lae1 uncovers a connection between Lae1 and the histone acetyltransferase HAT1 in Fusarium fujikuroi. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 29080998
2023 ACL and HAT1 form a nuclear module to acetylate histone H4K5 and promote cell proliferation. Nature communications 32 37277331
2019 Early-onset aging and mitochondrial defects associated with loss of histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1). Aging cell 32 31290578
2019 BCL2-ASSOCIATED ATHANOGENE4 Regulates the KAT1 Potassium Channel and Controls Stomatal Movement. Plant physiology 32 31451552
1999 Pronounced differences between the native K+ channels and KAT1 and KST1 alpha-subunit homomers of guard cells. Planta 31 9951733
2015 A novel role for the histone acetyltransferase Hat1 in the CENP-A/CID assembly pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. Nucleic acids research 30 26586808
2012 Expression of HAT1 and HDAC1, 2, 3 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas, Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas, and NK/T-Cell Lymphomas. Korean journal of pathology 30 23109994
2003 Molecular dissection of the contribution of negatively and positively charged residues in S2, S3, and S4 to the final membrane topology of the voltage sensor in the K+ channel, KAT1. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 12556517
2014 RNAi screening identifies HAT1 as a potential drug target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 29 25120766
1996 Increased resistance to extracellular cation block by mutation of the pore domain of the Arabidopsis inward-rectifying K+ channel KAT1. The Journal of membrane biology 29 8661494
2018 Gating control and K+ uptake by the KAT1 K+ channel leaveraged through membrane anchoring of the trafficking protein SYP121. Plant, cell & environment 27 29940699
2020 Hat1-Dependent Lysine Acetylation Targets Diverse Cellular Functions. Journal of proteome research 26 32081014
2020 miRNA-486-5p Promotes COPD Progression by Targeting HAT1 to Regulate the TLR4-Triggered Inflammatory Response of Alveolar Macrophages. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 26 33244226
2016 Role of Transcription Factor HAT1 in Modulating Arabidopsis thaliana Response to Cucumber mosaic virus. Plant & cell physiology 25 27328697
2021 A HAT1-DELLA signaling module regulates trichome initiation and leaf growth by achieving gibberellin homeostasis. The New phytologist 24 33904185
2023 HBV confers innate immune evasion through triggering HAT1/acetylation of H4K5/H4K12/miR-181a-5p or KPNA2/cGAS-STING/IFN-I signaling. Journal of medical virology 23 37466313
2021 Epigenetic regulation of nuclear lamina-associated heterochromatin by HAT1 and the acetylation of newly synthesized histones. Nucleic acids research 23 34788845
2020 Loss of HAT1 expression confers BRAFV600E inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells by activating MAPK signaling via IGF1R. Oncogenesis 23 32371878
2007 Distinct fluorescent pattern of KAT1::GFP in the plasma membrane of Vicia faba guard cells. European journal of cell biology 23 17602785
1999 Rundown of the hyperpolarization-activated KAT1 channel involves slowing of the opening transitions regulated by phosphorylation. Biophysical journal 23 10354434
1998 The impermeant ion methylammonium blocks K+ and NH4+ currents through KAT1 channel differently: evidence for ion interaction in channel permeation. The Journal of membrane biology 22 9569247
1998 Single mutations strongly alter the K+-selective pore of the K(in) channel KAT1. FEBS letters 21 9688573
2023 Understanding HAT1: A Comprehensive Review of Noncanonical Roles and Connection with Disease. Genes 20 37107673
2017 HAT1 induces lung cancer cell apoptosis via up regulating Fas. Oncotarget 20 29163803
2000 Histidine(118) in the S2-S3 linker specifically controls activation of the KAT1 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Biophysical journal 20 10692314
2017 Immunoexpression of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HAT1 in actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma. Oral diseases 19 28107582
2014 Human histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) acetylates lysine 5 of histone H2A in vivo. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 19 24682716
2010 Modulation of the Arabidopsis KAT1 channel by an activator of protein kinase C in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The FEBS journal 18 20423459
2005 KAT1 inactivates at sub-millimolar concentrations of external potassium. Journal of experimental botany 18 16263909
2025 HAT1/HDAC2 mediated ACSL4 acetylation confers radiosensitivity by inducing ferroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell death & disease 16 40050614
2016 A B-type histone acetyltransferase Hat1 regulates secondary metabolism, conidiation, and cell wall integrity in the taxol-producing fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora. Journal of basic microbiology 16 27400176
2022 Topography of histone H3-H4 interaction with the Hat1-Hat2 acetyltransferase complex. Genes & development 15 35393344
2018 Variation of genes encoding KAT1, AADAT and IDO1 as a potential risk of depression development. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 15 29777939
2018 Prolonged therapy with antidepressants increases hippocampal level of kynurenic acid and expression of Kat1 and Kat2 genes. Pharmacological reports : PR 15 29960193
2012 Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hat1 (Kat1) is associated with Mis16 and is required for telomeric silencing. Eukaryotic cell 15 22771823
2024 Bevacizumab induces ferroptosis and enhances CD8+ T cell immune activity in liver cancer via modulating HAT1 and increasing IL-9. Acta pharmacologica Sinica 14 38760543
2010 Irradiation with heavy-ion particles changes the cellular distribution of human histone acetyltransferase HAT1. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 14 20148353
2019 Hat1 acetylates histone H4 and modulates the transcriptional program in Drosophila embryogenesis. Scientific reports 13 31784689
2022 Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) acetylates hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2A) to execute hypoxia response. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms 12 36410688
2020 The Expression and Localization of Histone Acetyltransferases HAT1 and PCAF in Neurons and Astrocytes of the Photothrombotic Stroke-Induced Penumbra in the Rat Brain Cortex. Molecular neurobiology 12 32506381
2019 Ras-ERK1/2 signalling promotes the development of osteosarcoma through regulation of H4K12ac through HAT1. Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology 12 30942624
2015 Identification of acetyltransferase genes (HAT1 and KAT8) regulating HBV replication by RNAi screening. Cell & bioscience 12 26640654
2010 Trafficking, lateral mobility and segregation of the plant K channel KAT1. Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) 11 20712625
2000 Mutation in pore domain uncovers cation- and voltage-sensitive recovery from inactivation in KAT1 channel. Biophysical journal 11 10733966
1997 Cardiac angiotensin II receptors: studies on functional coupling in Sprague-Dawley rats and TGR(alphaMHC-hAT1) transgenic rats. European journal of pharmacology 11 9228412
2023 HMGB1/SET/HAT1 complex-mediated SASH1 repression drives glycolysis and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 10 37794134
2022 Potential Therapeutic Use of Aptamers against HAT1 in Lung Cancer. Cancers 10 36612223