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Showing CYTH3 — GRP1 is a alias.

CYTH3

Cytohesin-3 · UniProt O43739

Length
400 aa
Mass
46.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
36 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CYTH3 (GRP1/ARNO3/cytohesin-3) is a phosphoinositide-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor that couples PI3K signaling to ARF GTPase activation at membranes, governing Golgi structure, vesicle trafficking, and growth-factor/insulin-responsive cargo recycling (PMID:9707577, PMID:22609160). Its Sec7 domain catalyzes GTP loading on ARF1 and ARF5 in vitro and on ARF6 both in cell-free systems and in intact cells, where overexpression fragments the Golgi and inhibits secretion via ARF1, while ARF6 activation drives plasma membrane ruffling (PMID:9707577, PMID:9442017, PMID:10480924). Membrane recruitment is directed by a C-terminal PH domain that binds PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with high affinity and ~650-fold selectivity over PtdIns(4,5)P2; this selectivity is set by a unique diglycine motif and a sentry glutamate (E345) that excludes PI(4,5)P2, and PIP3 binding both recruits the protein and markedly enhances its ARF exchange activity (PMID:9442017, PMID:9742223, PMID:10913124, PMID:21932773). Consequently, growth factor and insulin stimulation triggers PI3K-dependent translocation of CYTH3 from cytosol to plasma membrane ruffles (PMID:9742223, PMID:10585883). Akt-mediated phosphorylation reprograms this behavior: it switches PH-domain specificity from PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI4P and releases an autoinhibitory coiled-coil interaction, redirecting the protein to the recycling endosome to promote ARF6-dependent GLUT4 vesicle formation and recycling (PMID:22609160, PMID:33026967). CYTH3 forms homodimers and antiparallel heterodimers with the scaffold protein GRSP1 through N-terminal coiled-coil heptad repeats, and engages the related scaffold GRASP to organize ARF6-dependent endocytic recycling (PMID:11445584, PMID:20527794, PMID:22931251). In vivo, CYTH3 is required for full insulin receptor signaling in mouse liver and adipose tissue and influences body fat and lipid handling, and its sole C. elegans ortholog controls asymmetric, apoptosis-generating neuroblast divisions in a Sec7-dependent manner (PMID:30837656, PMID:25053664).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Established that CYTH3 is a catalytically active ARF GEF and linked its activity to Golgi architecture and secretion, defining its core enzymatic and cellular function.

    Evidence In vitro Sec7-domain GEF assay on ARF1 plus overexpression with Golgi morphology and SEAP secretion readouts in mammalian cells

    PMID:9707577

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish the physiological recruitment signal
    • ARF6 not yet tested as substrate
  2. 1998 High

    Defined the PIP3-dependence of GEF activity and the PH-domain lipid ligand, revealing that 3-phosphoinositides both recruit and activate the enzyme.

    Evidence Reconstituted in vitro GEF assays with dioctanoyl lipids, radiolabeled nucleotide exchange, and lipid binding with Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 competition; GFP live-cell imaging with PI3K inhibition in PC12 cells

    PMID:9442017 PMID:9742223

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of PIP3 selectivity unknown
    • Coupling between lipid binding and catalytic enhancement not resolved
  3. 1999 High

    Identified ARF6 as a physiological substrate and placed CYTH3 at growth-factor-induced plasma membrane ruffles, broadening its substrate range beyond Golgi ARFs.

    Evidence Cell-free GEF assay on ARF6, intact-cell HA-ARF6 GTP-loading, and immunofluorescence co-localization at insulin/EGF-induced ruffles

    PMID:10480924 PMID:10585883

    Open questions at the time
    • In vitro and in-cell ARF6 results required reconciliation with earlier ARF6-negative data
    • Effectors downstream of ARF6 at ruffles not defined
  4. 2000 High

    Mapped the structural determinant of phosphoinositide selectivity to a diglycine motif, explaining strict PIP3 preference among cytohesin PH domains.

    Evidence Glycine-insertion/deletion mutagenesis of the PH-domain loop with in vitro binding and in-cell translocation assays

    PMID:10913124

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic structure of headgroup recognition not yet solved
  5. 2001 Medium

    Identified GRSP1 as a coiled-coil binding partner that co-translocates with CYTH3 upon insulin, suggesting assembly of an insulin-responsive signaling complex.

    Evidence 32P-labeled GRP1 probe cDNA screen, endogenous co-immunodepletion, and co-localization in CHO-T cells

    PMID:11445584

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of GRSP1 binding for GEF activity not established
    • Single lab, no reciprocal biochemical validation of stoichiometry in vivo
  6. 2004 High

    Solved crystal structures of PH-domain splice variants bound to PIP2 and PIP3 headgroups, providing the atomic explanation for how loop length tunes lipid specificity.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of dual-specificity variants with systematic mutagenesis and in vitro binding

    PMID:15359279

    Open questions at the time
    • Headgroup-only structures did not capture membrane-bilayer docking geometry
  7. 2004 High

    Quantified membrane-embedded PIP3 binding and revealed that background anionic lipids accelerate docking, refining the recruitment mechanism beyond simple headgroup affinity.

    Evidence Protein-to-membrane FRET equilibrium and stopped-flow kinetics with defined bilayers and competitive binding

    PMID:15610010

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of the two-step electrostatic search not directly tested
  8. 2008 High

    Showed PH-domain anchoring is multivalent, integrating PIP3 recognition with pH and anionic-lipid electrostatics through residue H355.

    Evidence NMR, surface plasmon resonance, monolayer surface tension, and H355 mutagenesis

    PMID:18469301

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological pH-dependence in a cellular context not demonstrated
  9. 2010 Medium

    Defined the oligomeric basis of CYTH3 scaffolding, showing homodimerization and antiparallel heterodimerization with GRSP1 that do not perturb lipid binding.

    Evidence Analytical ultracentrifugation, FRET, and liposome binding assays

    PMID:20527794

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional output of dimerization on GEF signaling not resolved
    • Single-lab biophysical study
  10. 2011 High

    Identified the sentry glutamate E345 and hydrophobic flanking-loop residues as determinants of PIP2 exclusion and membrane penetration, explaining how the domain enforces specificity and inserts into the bilayer.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis (E345K, hydrophobic-to-polar), in vitro binding, live-cell GFP imaging, PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, NMR, MD, and monolayer penetration

    PMID:21893292 PMID:21932773

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether endogenous regulation exploits E345 charge state was not addressed
  11. 2012 High

    Determined the shallow membrane docking geometry and demonstrated that CYTH3 acts as an ARF6 GEF driving GLUT4 vesicle formation and recycling under insulin/Akt control.

    Evidence EPR spin-labeling across 18 positions; siRNA knockdown, phosphomimetic mutagenesis, GLUT4 recycling assays, co-IP, and in vitro kinase assay

    PMID:22479423 PMID:22609160

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the Akt phosphosites and their structural consequence not fully resolved at this stage
    • Direct in vivo demonstration of insulin-dependent recycling not yet shown
  12. 2012 Medium

    Linked CYTH3 to the GRASP scaffold in directing ARF6-dependent (but not clathrin-dependent) endocytic recycling, extending its recycling role to MHC-I cargo.

    Evidence Co-expression, co-localization, and MHC-I versus transferrin receptor recycling assays

    PMID:22931251

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct biochemical interaction measurement reported
    • Single-lab functional assay
  13. 2013 High

    Provided a mechanistic model for membrane targeting in which nonspecific PS-driven electrostatics enable a 2D hopping search for rare PIP3 before specific docking.

    Evidence All-atom and coarse-grained MD simulations validated by EPR docking geometry and FRET kinetics

    PMID:23747485

    Open questions at the time
    • Search mechanism inferred largely computationally; in-cell visualization of hopping not achieved
  14. 2014 High

    Demonstrated conserved physiological function of the cytohesin in C. elegans, where Sec7-dependent GEF activity controls asymmetric divisions producing apoptotic daughters.

    Evidence Loss-of-function genetics, domain-specific rescue, GFP localization, and epistasis with ARF GAP CNT-2 and ARF GEFs EFA-6/BRIS-1

    PMID:25053664

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ARF substrate engaged in this division pathway not biochemically defined
    • Mammalian counterpart of this developmental role not tested
  15. 2019 High

    Established the in vivo requirement of CYTH3 for full insulin receptor signaling and its impact on systemic lipid metabolism using a knockout mouse.

    Evidence Cyth3 knockout mice with insulin-stimulation Western blots, high-fat-diet metabolic phenotyping, and fecal lipid analysis

    PMID:30837656

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specific GEF substrate driving the insulin signaling defect not pinpointed
    • Link between insulin signaling defect and altered bile acid gene expression not mechanistically resolved
  16. 2020 High

    Unified the regulatory logic by showing phosphorylation simultaneously switches PH-domain lipid specificity (PIP3 to PI4P) and releases autoinhibition, redirecting CYTH3 from plasma membrane to recycling endosome.

    Evidence Phosphomimetic/phosphodeficient mutants with lipid binding assays, subcellular localization, and co-IP of recycling endosome peripheral proteins

    PMID:33026967

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the two recycling-endosome coiled-coil partners not fully characterized
    • Kinase-substrate dynamics in vivo not temporally resolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CYTH3's distinct GEF outputs (ARF1 at Golgi versus ARF6 at plasma membrane/recycling endosome) are selectively deployed by specific stimuli and scaffolds in different tissues remains unresolved.
  • No integrated model linking stimulus, phosphorylation state, scaffold choice, and ARF isoform selection
  • Disease relevance in humans not established by direct genetic evidence in the corpus

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 7 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 6 GO:0005768 endosome 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 3 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 1 R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules 1
Partners
ARF1ARF5ARF6GRASPGRSP1

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 ARNO3/CYTH3 (GRP1) Sec7 domain catalyzes guanine nucleotide exchange on ARF1 in vitro, and overexpression of ARNO3 in mammalian cells causes Golgi fragmentation, redistribution of Golgi resident proteins and beta-COP, and inhibition of secretory transport (SEAP assay), establishing a role for CYTH3 in Golgi structure and function through ARF1 activation. In vitro GEF assay; overexpression in mammalian cells with Golgi morphology readout and secretion assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 9707577
1998 GRP1/CYTH3 Sec7 domain catalyzes guanine nucleotide exchange on ARF1 and ARF5 but not ARF6 in vitro; PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (but not PtdIns(4,5)P2) markedly enhances ARF exchange activity; the PH domain binds PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with Kd ~0.5 µM, ~100-fold higher affinity than PtdIns(4,5)P2; and this activation is selectively blocked by inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. In vitro ARF GEF assay with dioctanoyl lipids; radiolabeled nucleotide exchange; lipid binding assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 9442017
1998 GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain binds the inositol head group of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with high affinity (Kd ~32 nM for Ins(1,3,4,5)P4) and translocates from cytosol to plasma membrane upon NGF or EGF stimulation in PC12 cells in a PI3K-dependent and PH-domain-dependent manner, establishing PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 as the in vivo recruitment signal. GFP-fusion live-cell confocal microscopy; radiolabeled inositol phosphate binding assay; wortmannin/LY294002/dominant-negative p85 inhibition The Biochemical journal High 9742223
1999 GRP1/CYTH3 catalyzes GTP/GDP exchange on ARF6 in a cell-free system and co-localizes with endogenous ARF6 at insulin/EGF-induced plasma membrane ruffles; co-expression of GRP1 elevates GTP-loaded ARF6 in intact cells, establishing ARF6 as a physiological substrate of GRP1. In vitro GEF assay with recombinant proteins; immunofluorescence co-localization; HA-tagged ARF GTP-loading assay in intact cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 10480924
1999 The GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain selectively binds PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and translocates to the plasma membrane in response to insulin (HEK 293 cells) or PDGF (Swiss 3T3 cells); under oxidative stress conditions that generate only PtdIns(3,4)P2, the GRP1 PH domain does not translocate, confirming its strict PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 selectivity in vivo. GFP-PH domain fusion live-cell confocal microscopy; radioligand displacement lipid assay The Biochemical journal High 10585883
2000 The unique diglycine motif (Gly274-Gly275) in the GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain is the structural determinant of its ~650-fold selectivity for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 over PtdIns(4,5)P2; adding a glycine to this motif increases PtdIns(4,5)P2 affinity without affecting PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding, whereas deleting a glycine from the ARNO triglycine motif produces the opposite effect. Mutagenesis of PH domain glycine motif; in vitro lipid binding assay; in-cell HA-PH domain translocation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 10913124
2001 GRP1/CYTH3 interacts with GRSP1 (a FERM domain-containing protein) via coiled-coil domains in both proteins; virtually all endogenous GRSP1 in lung tissue co-precipitates with GRP1; upon insulin stimulation both proteins co-translocate to plasma membrane ruffles. (32)P-labeled GRP1 probe screening of cDNA library; immunodepletion; co-expression with immunofluorescence in CHO-T cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11445584
2004 Crystal structures of dual-specificity splice variants of the Grp1/CYTH3 PH domain bound to PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 headgroups reveal that a glycine insertion in the beta1/beta2 loop alleviates unfavorable contacts and enables PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding via a novel binding mode, while reducing PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 affinity through loss of beta1/beta2 loop contacts; systematic mutagenesis validates these structural determinants. X-ray crystallography; systematic mutagenesis; in vitro binding assays The EMBO journal High 15359279
2004 GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain binds membrane-embedded PIP3 with Kd ~50 nM; background anionic lipids (PS, PI) facilitate PIP3 docking by increasing the on-rate via a two-step electrostatic search mechanism, without changing the off-rate from the specific PIP3 site. Protein-to-membrane FRET equilibrium and stopped-flow kinetics; competitive binding assay with defined lipid bilayers Biochemistry High 15610010
2008 GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain membrane anchoring is multivalent: specific PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 recognition triggers insertion into the membrane; acidic pH enhances binding ~22-fold partly through protonation of His355; phosphatidylserine/PI further amplifies affinity ~6-fold via electrostatics. NMR; surface plasmon resonance; monolayer surface tension experiments; site-directed mutagenesis (H355 mutant) Journal of lipid research High 18469301
2011 Hydrophobic residues in loops flanking the PIP3-binding site of the GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain contribute to membrane penetration; mutations converting these hydrophobic residues to polar residues reduce membrane insertion, supporting a dual-recognition model involving both specific PIP3 contacts and nonspecific loop-bilayer interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations; NMR chemical shift perturbation; monolayer penetration experiments; mutagenesis Structure (London, England : 1993) High 21893292
2011 Residue E345 in the GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain acts as a sentry glutamate that excludes PtdIns(4,5)P2; the E345K charge-reversal mutation increases PI(4,5)P2 affinity 8-fold and causes constitutive plasma membrane targeting in cells; hydrolysis of PI(4,5)P2 releases the E345K mutant, with efficiency increased when Arf6 binding is also disrupted. Site-directed mutagenesis; in vitro lipid binding assay; live-cell GFP translocation imaging; PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis experiment Biochemistry High 21932773
2012 EPR site-directed spin labeling defines the membrane docking geometry of GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain bound to bilayer-embedded PIP3: the domain engulfs the PIP3 headgroup with minimal bilayer penetration, representing the shallowest membrane docking geometry yet described for a lipid-binding domain. EPR site-directed spin labeling and relaxation; 18 spin-labeled positions; comparison with crystal structure PloS one High 22479423
2012 Grp1/CYTH3 acts as a GEF for ARF6 to promote GLUT4 vesicle formation and subsequent recycling steps; insulin signaling regulates Grp1 through Akt-mediated phosphorylation; phosphomimetic mutations of Grp1 can bypass upstream insulin signaling to induce GLUT4 recycling. siRNA knockdown; phosphomimetic mutagenesis; GLUT4 recycling assay; co-IP; in vitro kinase assay Developmental cell High 22609160
2013 Background anionic PS lipids recruit GRP1/CYTH3 PH domain to the membrane via nonspecific electrostatic interactions enabling a two-dimensional 'hopping' search mechanism for the rare PIP3 target lipid prior to specific docking, as revealed by combining MD simulations with EPR and FRET kinetics. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations; coarse-grained simulations; EPR membrane docking geometry; FRET kinetic studies Journal of molecular biology High 23747485
2014 In C. elegans, GRP-1 (the sole cytohesin ortholog) controls asymmetric neuroblast divisions that produce apoptotic daughters; loss of grp-1 results in more symmetric cell sizes and conversion of the apoptotic daughter to its sister fate (extra neurons); GRP-1's GEF activity (Sec7 domain) is necessary, and genetic interactions place GRP-1 in a pathway with ARF GAP CNT-2 and ARF GEFs EFA-6 and BRIS-1; GRP-1 acts at the plasma membrane/cytokinetic furrow. C. elegans genetics; loss-of-function mutants; rescue with Sec7-domain constructs; GFP localization; genetic epistasis Genetics High 25053664
2010 Grp1/CYTH3 forms homodimers at low micromolar concentrations via N-terminal heptad repeats and spontaneously re-equilibrates with Grsp1 to form heterodimers in an antiparallel orientation; formation of Grsp1-Grp1 heterodimers does not substantially alter Grp1 binding to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or PtdIns(4,5)P2 headgroups or liposome partitioning. Analytical ultracentrifugation; FRET; liposome binding assay Biochemistry Medium 20527794
2012 GRASP (Grp1-associated scaffold protein) interacts with Grp1/CYTH3 and regulates ARF6-dependent endocytic recycling; co-expression of GRASP and Grp1 promotes membrane ruffling (hallmark of ARF6 activation); overexpressed GRASP blocks MHC-I recycling via the Arf6-dependent pathway but does not affect clathrin-dependent transferrin receptor recycling. Co-expression; immunofluorescence co-localization; MHC-I and transferrin receptor recycling assays Cell biology international Medium 22931251
2019 Cytohesin-3/CYTH3-deficient mice show significantly reduced insulin receptor-dependent signaling (reduced phosphorylation downstream of insulin receptor) in liver and adipose tissue; cyth3-deficient mice on high-fat diet display reduced weight gain, reduced body fat, and increased lipid excretion with reduced bile acid synthesis gene expression, establishing CYTH3 as required for full insulin receptor signaling in mammals. Genetic knockout mouse model; insulin injection and signaling readout by Western blot; metabolic phenotyping; fecal lipid analysis Scientific reports High 30837656
2020 Phosphorylation of Grp1/CYTH3 switches its PH domain specificity from PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (plasma membrane) to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P; recycling endosome); phosphorylation also releases an autoinhibitory mechanism allowing the coiled-coil domain to engage two peripheral membrane proteins of the recycling endosome, redirecting Grp1 recruitment from plasma membrane to recycling endosome. Phosphomimetic and phosphodeficient mutants; lipid binding assays; subcellular fractionation/localization; co-IP of recycling endosome peripheral membrane proteins Molecular biology of the cell High 33026967
1998 CYTH3/ARNO3 chromosomal locus maps to human chromosome 7p21 by radiation hybrid mapping. PCR of radiation hybrid panel and somatic cell hybrid panel Annals of human genetics Medium 10363132

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 36 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 The hsp110 and Grp1 70 stress proteins: newly recognized relatives of the Hsp70s. Cell stress & chaperones 240 11048651
1999 The pleckstrin homology domains of protein kinase B and GRP1 (general receptor for phosphoinositides-1) are sensitive and selective probes for the cellular detection of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and/or phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in vivo. The Biochemical journal 180 10585883
1998 Regulation of GRP1-catalyzed ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. The Journal of biological chemistry 140 9442017
2000 Distinct polyphosphoinositide binding selectivities for pleckstrin homology domains of GRP1-like proteins based on diglycine versus triglycine motifs. The Journal of biological chemistry 119 10913124
1998 Nerve growth factor- and epidermal growth factor-stimulated translocation of the ADP-ribosylation factor-exchange factor GRP1 to the plasma membrane of PC12 cells requires activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the GRP1 pleckstrin homology domain. The Biochemical journal 114 9742223
1999 ADP-ribosylation factor 6 as a target of guanine nucleotide exchange factor GRP1. The Journal of biological chemistry 102 10480924
1998 ARNO3, a Sec7-domain guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factor 1, is involved in the control of Golgi structure and function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89 9707577
2004 Structural determinants of phosphoinositide selectivity in splice variants of Grp1 family PH domains. The EMBO journal 85 15359279
2004 GRP1 pleckstrin homology domain: activation parameters and novel search mechanism for rare target lipid. Biochemistry 72 15610010
2003 Vav mediates Ras stimulation by direct activation of the GDP/GTP exchange factor Ras GRP1. The EMBO journal 60 12839994
2013 Molecular mechanism of membrane binding of the GRP1 PH domain. Journal of molecular biology 55 23747485
2008 Molecular mechanism of membrane targeting by the GRP1 PH domain. Journal of lipid research 49 18469301
2011 Biophysical and computational studies of membrane penetration by the GRP1 pleckstrin homology domain. Structure (London, England : 1993) 48 21893292
2012 Grp1 plays a key role in linking insulin signaling to glut4 recycling. Developmental cell 45 22609160
2016 Association of Peripheral Membrane Proteins with Membranes: Free Energy of Binding of GRP1 PH Domain with Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate-Containing Model Bilayers. The journal of physical chemistry letters 41 26977543
2001 Signaling complexes of the FERM domain-containing protein GRSP1 bound to ARF exchange factor GRP1. The Journal of biological chemistry 41 11445584
2021 LncRNA Neat1 expedites the progression of liver fibrosis in mice through targeting miR-148a-3p and miR-22-3p to upregulate Cyth3. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 31 33550894
2019 Microscopic Characterization of GRP1 PH Domain Interaction with Anionic Membranes. Journal of computational chemistry 27 31762060
2006 Use of the GRP1 PH domain as a tool to measure the relative levels of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 through a protein-lipid overlay approach. Journal of lipid research 27 17130283
2011 The GRP1 PH domain, like the AKT1 PH domain, possesses a sentry glutamate residue essential for specific targeting to plasma membrane PI(3,4,5)P(3). Biochemistry 22 21932773
2012 Membrane docking geometry of GRP1 PH domain bound to a target lipid bilayer: an EPR site-directed spin-labeling and relaxation study. PloS one 20 22479423
2014 Asymmetric neuroblast divisions producing apoptotic cells require the cytohesin GRP-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 19 25053664
2001 Hydrophobic interactions of the structural protein GRP1.8 in the cell wall of protoxylem elements. Plant physiology 19 11161025
1994 Vascular expression of the grp1.8 promoter is controlled by three specific regulatory elements and one unspecific activating sequence. Plant molecular biology 17 7948928
2011 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the sodium chloride cotransporter via Ras guanyl releasing protein 1 (Ras-GRP1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 15 22005268
2014 Cytohesin-3 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and contributes to tumor growth and vascular invasion. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 14 24966920
2009 A high-resolution map of the Grp1 locus on chromosome V of potato harbouring broad-spectrum resistance to the cyst nematode species Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 14 19363662
2010 5-Stabilized phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate analogues bind Grp1 PH, inhibit phosphoinositide phosphatases, and block neutrophil migration. Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 11 20052709
2010 Specificity and membrane partitioning of Grsp1 signaling complexes with Grp1 family Arf exchange factors. Biochemistry 9 20527794
2019 Cytohesin-3 is required for full insulin receptor signaling and controls body weight via lipid excretion. Scientific reports 6 30837656
2012 Grp1-associated scaffold protein (GRASP) is a regulator of the ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6)-dependent membrane trafficking pathway. Cell biology international 6 22931251
2011 Design and synthesis of biotinylated inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate targeting Grp1 pleckstrin homology domain. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 5 21996606
2020 Coordination of Grp1 recruitment mechanisms by its phosphorylation. Molecular biology of the cell 3 33026967
2014 Grp1-associated scaffold protein regulates skin homeostasis after ultraviolet irradiation. Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology 3 24407555
2020 The cytosolic protein GRP1 facilitates abscisic acid- and darkness-induced stomatal closure in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Journal of plant physiology 1 31926459
1998 Assignment of the human ARNO3 gene (PSCD3) to chromosome 7p21 by radiation hybrid mapping. Annals of human genetics 1 10363132

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