Affinage

GFI1

Zinc finger protein Gfi-1 · UniProt Q99684

Length
422 aa
Mass
45.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 43 papers cited in narrative 41 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GFI1 is a nuclear, sequence-specific zinc-finger transcriptional repressor that orchestrates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence, myeloid and lymphoid lineage decisions, intestinal secretory cell fate, and inner ear hair cell development (PMID:12530980, PMID:11810106, PMID:15457180, PMID:15385956, PMID:16230531, PMID:16397623). It binds the consensus site TAAATCAC(A/T)GCA through zinc fingers 3–5, with NMR demonstrating major-groove, base-specific contacts in which fingers 4 and 5 read the invariant AATC core (PMID:8754800, PMID:20153336). Repression is executed by the N-terminal 20-residue SNAG domain, whose integrity is essential for all GFI1 functions in vivo (PMID:8887656, PMID:16397623); SMYD2 methylation of SNAG lysine-8 licenses recruitment of the LSD1/CoREST/HDAC1-2 corepressor complex, which erases H3K4 methylation at target promoters, while G9a-dependent H3K9 dimethylation reinforces silencing (PMID:27480105, PMID:17707228, PMID:16287849). Through these complexes GFI1 directly represses an extensive target program—Bax to block apoptosis, the cell-cycle inhibitors p21 and p15 (the latter via Miz-1/c-Myc tethering rather than direct binding), CXCR4, IL-7Rα, Id2, and the Th17 loci Il17a/Il17f—and antagonizes lineage-determining factors PU.1 and RORγt by physical interaction or displacement (PMID:8962093, PMID:16287849, PMID:19164764, PMID:20190815, PMID:17596540, PMID:18390712, PMID:20453161, PMID:19188499, PMID:17197705, PMID:19818654). GFI1 also autoregulates its own promoter and acts within transcriptional cascades downstream of GABP and RUNX1, the latter coupling GFI1/GFI1B to endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition via LSD1-mediated silencing of the endothelial program (PMID:15131254, PMID:15252036, PMID:21705494, PMID:22668850, PMID:26619147). Beyond transcription, GFI1 carries out non-genomic functions: it enables PRMT1-mediated methylation of the DNA-repair factors MRE11 and 53BP1, controls CD45 alternative splicing through U2AF26, and stabilizes GATA3 against proteasomal degradation in Th2 cells (PMID:29651020, PMID:16819553, PMID:18701459). GFI1 protein abundance is itself regulated, being protected from ubiquitination by Triad1 and targeted for SCF-FBXW7 proteasomal degradation following GSK3β phosphorylation (PMID:17646546, PMID:31289136). First identified as a lymphoid proto-oncogene, GFI1 also drives medulloblastoma in an LSD1-dependent manner (PMID:8441411, PMID:30659187).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 19 steps
  1. 1993 Medium

    Established GFI1 as a proto-oncogene by showing its overexpression confers growth-factor independence in lymphoid cells, framing the question of how a zinc-finger protein drives transformation.

    Evidence Retroviral transduction and proviral integration mapping in IL-2-dependent T-cell lines

    PMID:8441411

    Open questions at the time
    • No molecular mechanism for transformation identified
    • DNA-binding and target genes not yet defined
  2. 1996 High

    Defined GFI1's biochemical identity—a sequence-specific DNA-binding repressor using zinc fingers 3–5—and localized its repressor activity to the SNAG domain, providing the structural logic for transcriptional control.

    Evidence Oligonucleotide selection, EMSA, footprinting, reporter assays, and SNAG P2A mutagenesis

    PMID:8754800 PMID:8887656

    Open questions at the time
    • Corepressor partners of the SNAG domain unidentified
    • Genomic target set unknown
  3. 1996 High

    Connected GFI1 repression to a phenotype by showing direct repression of pro-apoptotic Bax/Bak, explaining how GFI1 promotes lymphoid survival.

    Evidence Bax promoter reporter with binding-site mutagenesis and inducible Gfi1 transgenic thymocytes

    PMID:8962093

    Open questions at the time
    • Chromatin-modifying machinery at Bax promoter not defined
  4. 2003 Medium

    Identified the repressive enzymatic machinery by demonstrating GFI1 associates with ETO and HDAC1/2/3 and occupies multiple endogenous promoters, moving from in vitro binding to in vivo genomic occupancy.

    Evidence Co-IP, nuclear matrix fractionation, and candidate-gene ChIP in myeloid and T-cell lines

    PMID:12721361 PMID:12874834

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of HDAC recruitment not tested by mutagenesis
    • ChIP limited to candidate promoters
  5. 2003 High

    Established GFI1 as essential for neutrophil differentiation, defining its core physiological role in myelopoiesis.

    Evidence Gfi1-null mice with morphology, flow cytometry, and ex vivo retroviral rescue of sorted progenitors

    PMID:11810106 PMID:12530980

    Open questions at the time
    • Target genes responsible for the differentiation block not fully mapped
  6. 2004 High

    Demonstrated GFI1 restricts HSC proliferation and preserves self-renewal, and that it autoregulates its own promoter, establishing both its stem-cell function and a feedback control loop.

    Evidence Competitive repopulation/serial transplantation in Gfi1-null mice; ChIP and reporter assays at the Gfi1 promoter with knock-in transgene silencing

    PMID:15131254 PMID:15252036 PMID:15385956 PMID:15457180

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking quiescence enforcement to specific target genes incomplete
  7. 2005 High

    Defined the epigenetic mechanism of repression by showing GFI1 recruits G9a and HDAC1 to deposit H3K9me2 and silence p21, and extended GFI1's role to intestinal secretory cell fate.

    Evidence ChIP for G9a/HDAC1/H3K9me2 at p21 with siRNA; Gfi1-null intestinal phenotyping with Math1 epistasis

    PMID:16230531 PMID:16287849

    Open questions at the time
    • How GFI1 selects context-specific targets across tissues unresolved
  8. 2006 High

    Revealed GFI1's lineage-instructive logic and a non-transcriptional role: it antagonizes PU.1 to suppress macrophage fate and regulates CD45 splicing via U2AF26.

    Evidence Co-IP, genetic epistasis (Gfi1/PU.1 intercross), and minigene splicing assays with Gfi1-null T cells

    PMID:16819553 PMID:17197705

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the GFI1–U2AF26 interaction undefined
  9. 2006 High

    Showed via SNAG knock-in and Gfi1:Gfi1b swap mice that GFI1 functions are SNAG-dependent and cell-type-specific, distinguishing shared from unique paralog roles.

    Evidence Gfi1 SNAG-domain and Gfi1:Gfi1b knock-in mouse models with hematopoietic and hearing readouts

    PMID:16397623

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis for hair-cell-specific GFI1 requirement not explained
  10. 2007 High

    Identified the SNAG-dependent LSD1/CoREST/HDAC corepressor complex as the central repressive engine, demonstrating that LSD1 demethylates H3K4 at GFI1 targets to drive hematopoietic differentiation.

    Evidence Affinity purification/mass spectrometry, ChIP for LSD1/CoREST/H3K4me, and LSD1/CoREST knockdown

    PMID:17707228

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of complex recruitment to specific loci not yet known
  11. 2007 Medium

    Linked GFI1 to additional cofactors (PRDM5, PIAS3) and target genes (CXCR4), and identified Triad1 as a stabilizer protecting GFI1 from ubiquitination, opening the question of GFI1 protein turnover.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, ChIP/reporter assays for CXCR4, and co-IP/ubiquitin-IP with Triad1 knockdown

    PMID:11060035 PMID:17596540 PMID:17636019 PMID:17646546

    Open questions at the time
    • The E3 ligase competing with Triad1 was unidentified
    • PIAS3 and PRDM5 interactions rest on single-lab data
  12. 2008 High

    Extended GFI1's repressive program to effector/memory CD8 fate (Il7ra) and revealed a protein-stabilizing role for GATA3, broadening GFI1 beyond classic repression.

    Evidence ChIP and histone-acetylation assays at Il7ra in Gfi1-null CD8 T cells; proteasome-inhibitor and ubiquitin-IP assays in Gfi1-null Th2 cells with GATA3 rescue

    PMID:18390712 PMID:18701459

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which GFI1 shields GATA3 from the proteasome undefined
  13. 2009 High

    Resolved GFI1's role in T-helper differentiation and indirect promoter targeting, showing it represses Th17/iTreg programs by displacing RORγt and represses p21/p15 by tethering to Miz-1/c-Myc rather than binding DNA directly.

    Evidence ChIP at Il17/Cd103 loci, conditional Gfi1 KO, RORγt ChIP, and Miz-1/c-Myc co-IP at CDKN1A/CDKN2B

    PMID:19164764 PMID:19188499 PMID:19505891 PMID:19818654

    Open questions at the time
    • How GFI1 switches between direct and Miz-1-tethered modes unclear
  14. 2010 High

    Provided the structural basis of DNA recognition and integrated GFI1 into upstream/downstream signaling, including major-groove binding by ZF3–5, repression of Id2, RasGRP1-driven ERK signaling in neutrophil differentiation, and NF-κB p65 antagonism in macrophages.

    Evidence Solution NMR of ZF3–5/DNA; ChIP/reporter for Id2; RasGRP1 rescue of G-CSF/ERK signaling; GFI1–p65 co-IP and ChIP in Gfi1-null macrophages

    PMID:20153336 PMID:20190815 PMID:20203268 PMID:20453161 PMID:20547752 PMID:21705494

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether RasGRP1 is a direct GFI1 target not fully established
    • Disease mutation N382S functional consequence inferred structurally
  15. 2012 High

    Placed GFI1/GFI1B downstream of RUNX1 as essential for endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, and added CD39/CD73 ectonucleotidase repression to its immunoregulatory program.

    Evidence RUNX1 ChIP at Gfi1 loci with double-deficient embryos; Gfi1 ChIP/reporter at CD39/CD73 with Th17 differentiation and tumor models

    PMID:22406269 PMID:22668850

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of endothelial gene silencing during EHT not yet at chromatin resolution
  16. 2015 High

    Defined the chromatin mechanism of EHT, showing GFI1/GFI1B recruit LSD1 to silence the endothelial program in hemogenic endothelium that generates HSCs.

    Evidence GFI1 reporter lineage marking, double-deficient embryos, LSD1 co-recruitment ChIP, and AGM explant culture

    PMID:26619147

    Open questions at the time
    • Full set of endothelial targets silenced not enumerated
  17. 2016 High

    Identified the post-translational switch licensing repression—SMYD2 methylation of SNAG lysine-8 is required for LSD1 recruitment—mechanistically coupling a methyl mark to corepressor assembly.

    Evidence In vitro methylation, K8 mutagenesis, ChIP for LSD1/H3K4me2, and zebrafish complementation

    PMID:27480105

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SNAG methylation is dynamically regulated in vivo unknown
  18. 2019 High

    Established GFI1's non-transcriptional role in genome maintenance and a degradation pathway, plus its LSD1-dependent oncogenic function in medulloblastoma.

    Evidence Co-IP/methylation assays for PRMT1/MRE11/53BP1 with irradiation sensitivity; GSK3β kinase assay and FBXW7 ubiquitination; LSD1 conditional KO and inhibitor in GFI1-driven MB model

    PMID:29651020 PMID:30659187 PMID:31289136

    Open questions at the time
    • How GFI1 coordinates nuclear repression with cytoplasmic/DNA-repair roles unresolved
    • FBXW7 degradation characterized mainly in gastric cancer context
  19. 2022 Medium

    Revealed a dual mode in hair cells—off-DNA co-activation of ATOH1 alongside DNA-binding repression of neuronal genes—showing GFI1 can act as both activator and repressor at distinct loci.

    Evidence CUT&RUN for GFI1/ATOH1, motif analysis, conditional Gfi1-KO, and scRNA-seq in hair cells

    PMID:35551236

    Open questions at the time
    • Off-DNA co-activation inferred from occupancy without biochemical reconstitution
    • Generalizability of activator role beyond hair cells unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How GFI1 selects between its repressive (LSD1/HDAC/G9a), tethered (Miz-1), co-activating (ATOH1), and non-transcriptional (PRMT1, U2AF26, GATA3-stabilizing) modes in a given cell type remains undefined.
  • No unifying model for context-dependent mode-switching
  • Cell-type-specific cofactor availability not systematically mapped
  • Crosstalk between SNAG methylation, GSK3β/FBXW7 turnover, and target-gene output not integrated

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2
Localization
GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 4 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 1
Partners
FBXW7G9AHDAC1LSD1MIZ-1PRMT1PU.1U2AF26
Complex memberships
LSD1/CoREST/HDAC corepressor complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 41 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1993 GFI1 (Gfi-1) encodes a zinc finger protein whose overexpression in IL-2-dependent T-cell lymphoma lines promotes emergence of IL-2-independent growth, establishing its proto-oncogenic function in lymphoid cells. Retroviral transduction of Gfi-1/LXSN construct into IL-2-dependent T-cell lines; provirus integration mapping; Southern blot Molecular and cellular biology Medium 8441411
1996 GFI1 is a 55-kDa nuclear protein that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner to the consensus site TAAATCAC(A/T)GCA; zinc fingers 3, 4, and 5 are required for this sequence-specific DNA binding; GFI1 functions as a transcriptional repressor at target promoters. Random oligonucleotide selection with GST-Gfi-1 fusion protein; EMSA; DNase I footprinting; methylation interference; reporter assays with Gfi-1 binding site mutations Molecular and cellular biology High 8754800
1996 The N-terminal 20-amino-acid SNAG domain of GFI1 is required for transcriptional repression activity; a P2A point mutation in the SNAG domain abolishes both transcriptional repression and the ability of GFI1 to overcome G1 arrest induced by IL-2 withdrawal, establishing the SNAG domain as the functional repressor motif. Transcriptional reporter assays; SNAG domain point mutagenesis (P2A); cell-cycle analysis in IL-2-starved T-cell lines Molecular and cellular biology High 8887656
1996 GFI1 overexpression directly represses Bax (and Bak) transcription through GFI1 binding sites in the Bax promoter, thereby inhibiting apoptosis in IL-2-deprived T cells and primary thymocytes. Western blot for Bax/Bak protein; RT-PCR; Bax promoter reporter assay with Gfi-1 binding site mutations; inducible Gfi-1 transgenic thymocytes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 8962093
2000 GFI1 physically interacts with the STAT3 inhibitor PIAS3 and can overcome PIAS3-mediated inhibition of STAT3 transcriptional activity, thereby enhancing STAT3-dependent gene expression; both proteins co-localize in nuclear dot structures. Yeast two-hybrid screen; co-precipitation from eukaryotic cells; co-localization immunofluorescence; transcriptional reporter assay The EMBO journal Medium 11060035
2003 GFI1 is essential for neutrophil differentiation; Gfi1-null mice completely lack morphologically normal neutrophils, with myeloid progenitors arrested at a stage expressing primary but not secondary/tertiary granule proteins; re-expression of Gfi1 in sorted Gfi1−/− progenitors rescues G-CSF-induced neutrophil differentiation. Gene-targeted Gfi1−/− mice; BM morphology; flow cytometry; RT-PCR for granule proteins; ex vivo retroviral rescue of sorted progenitors Immunity High 11810106 12530980
2003 GFI1 interacts with the co-repressor ETO (MTG8) and with HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 in vivo; a portion of GFI1/GFI1B associates with the nuclear matrix, co-localizing with ETO in punctate subnuclear structures, consistent with HDAC-dependent transcriptional repression. Co-immunoprecipitation from mammalian cells; nuclear matrix fractionation; co-localization immunofluorescence; in vitro binding Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 12874834
2003 GFI1 occupies the promoters of 16 target genes (including cell-cycle regulators, transcription factors, and granulocyte-specific markers) in myeloid and T-lymphocyte cell lines, as identified by large-scale chromatin immunoprecipitation, revealing direct genomic targets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on 34 candidate gene promoters; RT-PCR expression profiling Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 12721361
2004 Gfi-1 restricts proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and preserves their functional integrity; Gfi1-null HSCs display elevated BrdU incorporation and cell-cycle entry, and are rapidly out-competed in competitive repopulation and serial transplantation assays. BrdU incorporation; cell-cycle analysis; competitive repopulation assays; serial transplantation; ES cell chimeras Nature High 15385956 15457180
2004 GFI1 autoregulates its own transcription by binding to conserved cis-elements in its own promoter, mediating potent transcriptional repression; GFI1B can also trans-repress the Gfi1 promoter, establishing auto- and cross-regulatory feedback. ChIP in primary mouse thymocytes; transcriptional reporter assays; GFI1 binding site mutagenesis; GFI1:GFP knock-in; lck-GFI1 transgene silencing of GFI1:GFP Nucleic acids research / The Journal of biological chemistry High 15131254 15252036
2005 GFI1 recruits the histone lysine methyltransferase G9a and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the p21Cip/WAF1 promoter, increasing H3K9 dimethylation and repressing p21 expression; silencing of Gfi1 in myeloid cells reverses G9a/HDAC1 recruitment and de-represses p21. Co-immunoprecipitation; ChIP for G9a, HDAC1, and H3K9me2 at p21 promoter; Gfi1 siRNA knockdown with RT-PCR/Western Molecular and cellular biology High 16287849
2005 GFI1 functions downstream of Math1 in intestinal secretory lineage differentiation; Gfi1-null mice lack Paneth cells, have fewer goblet cells, and have supernumerary enteroendocrine cells, placing Gfi1 as a selector between goblet/Paneth versus enteroendocrine progenitor fates. Gfi1−/− mice; histology; gene expression profiling; genetic epistasis with Math1 Genes & development High 16230531
2005 The Drosophila/mammalian transcription factors Senseless/GFI1 interact with the AXH domain of Ataxin-1; overexpression of Ataxin-1 reduces GFI1 protein levels in Purkinje cells in an AXH-domain-dependent manner, contributing to selective Purkinje cell degeneration in SCA1. Yeast two-hybrid; co-immunoprecipitation; Drosophila overexpression genetics; immunostaining of Gfi1 levels in Purkinje cells; AXH deletion mutant analysis Cell High 16122429
2006 GFI1 physically interacts with PU.1 protein and represses PU.1-dependent transcription; this interaction blocks PU.1-induced macrophage differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors; genetic reduction of PU.1 (heterozygosity) partially rescues the mixed myeloid lineage phenotype of Gfi1−/− mice. Co-immunoprecipitation; transcriptional reporter assay; retroviral expression of GFI1 in primary hematopoietic progenitors; Gfi1+/− × PU.1+/− intercross with flow cytometry The Journal of biological chemistry High 17197705
2006 GFI1 directly interacts with the splice factor U2AF26 and antagonizes U2AF26-promoted CD45 exon exclusion, thereby shifting alternative splicing of CD45 toward the more active CD45RB isoform and regulating T-cell receptor signaling strength. Co-immunoprecipitation; minigene splicing reporter assay; flow cytometry of CD45 isoforms in Gfi1-null T cells; direct GFI1-U2AF26 interaction mapping Nature immunology High 16819553
2006 An intact SNAG domain is required for all Gfi1 functions in vivo; replacement of Gfi1 coding sequence with Gfi1b restores near-normal pre-T-cell and neutrophil development but fails to restore inner ear hair cell development, demonstrating domain-dependent, cell-type-specific functional equivalence. Gfi1 SNAG-domain knock-in mutant mice; Gfi1:Gfi1b knock-in mice; histology, flow cytometry, hearing/vestibular tests EMBO reports High 16397623
2007 GFI1 and GFI1B interact with the corepressor CoREST and the histone demethylase LSD1 (and HDACs 1/2) via their SNAG repression domain; GFI1b recruits these cofactors to target gene promoters in vivo; LSD1 depletion de-represses GFI1 target genes with concomitant increase in H3K4 methylation, mediating lineage-specific hematopoietic differentiation. Affinity purification/mass spectrometry of Gfi-1b complexes; co-immunoprecipitation; ChIP for LSD1/CoREST at target promoters; H3K4me2/3 ChIP; LSD1/CoREST siRNA knockdown with differentiation assays Molecular cell High 17707228
2007 GFI1 binds DNA sequences upstream of the CXCR4 gene and represses CXCR4 transcription in myeloid lineage cells; G-CSF promotes Gfi1 expression and concordantly down-regulates CXCR4, reducing myeloid cell responses to SDF-1 and promoting bone marrow egress. ChIP at CXCR4 promoter; CXCR4 reporter assay; G-CSF treatment with RT-PCR/flow cytometry in Gfi1-null vs wild-type myeloid cells; migration assay Blood Medium 17596540
2007 GFI1 interacts with PRDM5 in a yeast two-hybrid screen and the two proteins co-regulate overlapping sets of hematopoiesis-associated target genes epigenetically, with PRDM5 also recruiting G9a and class I HDACs. Yeast two-hybrid screen; transcriptional reporter assay; ChIP for G9a/HDACs; RT-PCR expression profiling Molecular and cellular biology Medium 17636019
2008 GFI1 represses IL-7Rα (Il7ra) expression in effector CD8 T cells by binding the Il7ra promoter and recruiting HDAC1, causing promoter deacetylation; this antagonizes GABPα-driven Il7ra transcription, controlling formation of IL-7Rαhigh memory-precursor versus IL-7Rαlow short-lived effector cells. ChIP for Gfi1 and GABPα at Il7ra promoter; histone acetylation ChIP; Gfi1-deficient CD8 T cells; viral infection model; HDAC1 co-recruitment assay Journal of immunology High 18390712
2008 GFI1 stabilizes GATA3 protein in Th2 cells; in the absence of Gfi1, GATA3 undergoes enhanced ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation, impairing IL-5 production and Th2 differentiation; overexpression of GATA3 rescues the Gfi1-deficient Th2 cell defect. Proteasome inhibitor treatment; ubiquitin immunoprecipitation; Gfi1-null Th2 cells; Western blot for GATA3; GATA3 overexpression rescue The Journal of biological chemistry High 18701459
2009 GFI1 represses the Sfpi1 (PU.1) gene by displacing PU.1 from its positive autoregulatory elements; loss of Gfi1 in multipotent progenitors leads to derepression of PU.1, impairing B-cell fate choice; attenuating the PU.1/Egr module suppresses B-lineage defects in Gfi1-null MPPs, placing Gfi1 upstream of PU.1 in lymphoid commitment. ChIP at PU.1 autoregulatory elements; Gfi1−/− MPP flow cytometry; Sfpi1 reporter assay; genetic epistasis (Gfi1−/−/PU.1 attenuation double mutant) Immunity High 19818654
2009 GFI1-LSD1 repressive complex directly binds the intergenic region of Il17a/Il17f loci and intron 1 of Cd103 in Th2 cells; TGF-β represses Gfi1 expression, releasing epigenetic repression and permitting Th17/iTreg differentiation; GFI1 represses RORγt binding to the IL-17A promoter. ChIP (Gfi1-LSD1 complex at Il17/Cd103 loci); histone H3K4me3 ChIP in Gfi1-null Th2 cells; T cell-specific conditional Gfi1 knockout mice; enforced Gfi1 expression; Th17/iTreg differentiation assays The Journal of experimental medicine High 19188499
2009 GFI1 inhibits Th17 differentiation by blocking recruitment of RORγt to the IL-17A promoter; GFI1 expression is enhanced by IFN-γ/STAT1 and IL-4/STAT6 pathways and repressed at the promoter level by TGF-β1. IL-17A promoter reporter assay with RORγt ChIP; Gfi1-null T cells under Th17 conditions; retroviral overexpression; Gfi1 promoter reporter with cytokine treatment International immunology Medium 19505891
2009 GFI1 represses CDKN2B (p15INK4B) without directly binding its promoter by interacting with Miz-1, which tethers GFI1 to the CDKN2B core promoter; GFI1 and c-Myc collaborate through Miz-1 to co-repress CDKN2B; Gfi1 knockdown in leukemic cells elevates p15INK4B. Co-immunoprecipitation of GFI1-Miz-1; ChIP at CDKN2B core promoter; CDKN2B reporter assay; siRNA knockdown in human leukemic cells; Gfi1-null mouse bone marrow cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 19164764
2009 Gfi1 negatively regulates Th17 differentiation by inhibiting RORγt activity; Gfi1-null T cells show enhanced IL-17 under Th17-promoting conditions; Gfi1 blocks RORγt recruitment to the IL-17A promoter (as shown by ChIP). This mechanism is distinct from Gfi1's repressive effect on iTreg differentiation. ChIP for RORγt at IL-17A promoter in Gfi1-overexpressing vs control cells; IL-17A promoter reporter assay; Gfi1-null T cell differentiation assays International immunology Medium 19505891
2010 Gfi1 represses Id2 by binding to three conserved regions in the Id2 promoter; elevated Id2 expression in Gfi1-null hematopoietic progenitors contributes to B-cell and myeloid differentiation defects; knockdown of Id2 or Id2 heterozygosity partially rescues these defects. ChIP at Id2 promoter; Id2 reporter assay; Gfi1-null flow cytometry; Id2 siRNA/heterozygous genetic rescue Blood High 20453161
2010 Upon LPS stimulation, GFI1 is induced in macrophages, physically interacts with NF-κB p65, and inhibits p65 binding to target gene promoter DNA, reducing TNF-α and other inflammatory cytokine expression; Gfi1-null macrophages show higher p65 promoter occupancy and elevated TNF-α after LPS. Co-immunoprecipitation of GFI1-p65; ChIP for p65 at TNF-α promoter in Gfi1-null vs WT macrophages; RT-PCR; LPS stimulation of primary BMDM Molecular and cellular biology High 20547752
2010 GFI1 promotes RasGRP1 expression (a Ras activator) and thereby links Gfi1 transcriptional control to G-CSF signaling through the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway; Gfi1-null myeloid cells fail to activate ERK1/2 upon G-CSF stimulation but not STAT1/STAT3; RasGRP1 re-expression in Gfi1-null cells rescues ERK activation and G-CSF-induced neutrophil differentiation. RT-PCR/Western for RasGRP1 in Gfi1-null tissues; retroviral Gfi1 transduction; signaling assays (p-ERK, p-STAT) with G-CSF; RasGRP1 rescue retroviral expression; colony assays Blood High 20203268
2010 Solution NMR structure of GFI1 zinc fingers 3–5 bound to consensus DNA reveals major-groove binding (not minor groove as previously proposed); zinc fingers 4 and 5 make base-specific hydrogen bonds between Asn382/Gln379/Asp354 and invariant adenines/cytosine in the AATC core; Asn382 mutation (N382S, found in AML) is structurally rationalized. Multidimensional NMR; solution structure determination of ZF3–5/DNA complex Journal of molecular biology High 20153336
2010 GABP transcription factor binds and activates the Gfi1 promoter, placing GFI1 downstream of GABP in myeloid differentiation; Gabpa knockout mice show reduced Gfi1 expression and myeloid defects that are partially rescued by Gfi1 transduction. ChIP for GABPα at Gfi1 promoter; Gabpa conditional KO mice; Gfi1 reporter assay; Gfi1 retroviral rescue of Gabpa-null BM colony formation Blood Medium 21705494
2010 Gfi1 represses CDKN1A (p21Cip1) through an indirect mechanism involving interaction with Miz-1; Gfi1 does not bind the CDKN1A promoter directly but forms a ternary complex with Miz-1 and c-Myc on the core promoter to repress p21; Gfi1 knockdown elevates p21 and reduces proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation of Gfi1-Miz-1-cMyc; ChIP at CDKN1A promoter; reporter assay; Gfi1 siRNA knockdown Oncogene Medium 20190815
2012 GFI1 and GFI1B are direct downstream targets of RUNX1 and are critical for endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT); in the absence of both GFI1 proteins, blood progenitors in Gfi1/Gfi1b-deficient embryos maintain endothelial gene expression and are not released from the yolk sac. ChIP for RUNX1 at Gfi1/Gfi1b loci; Gfi1/Gfi1b-deficient embryos; expression profiling of endothelial markers; yolk sac analyses Blood High 22668850
2012 Gfi1 represses CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidase expression by binding their promoters during Th17 differentiation; TGF-β-driven downregulation of Gfi1 is required for ectonucleotidase expression and subsequent adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive activity of Th17 cells. ChIP for Gfi1 at CD39/CD73 promoters; promoter reporter assays; TGF-β/IL-6 Th17 differentiation with Gfi1 manipulation; adoptive transfer tumor model Immunity Medium 22406269
2015 GFI1 expression specifically marks haemogenic endothelium (HE) that generates emerging HSCs in the AGM; GFI1 proteins (GFI1 and GFI1B) recruit LSD1 to epigenetically silence the endothelial program in HE, enabling the endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT); in the absence of GFI1 proteins, HSCs and progenitors are not produced in the AGM. GFI1 reporter mice to mark HE; Gfi1/Gfi1b-deficient embryos; ChIP/LSD1 co-recruitment assay; AGM explant culture; flow cytometry Nature cell biology High 26619147
2016 SMYD2 methylates lysine-8 within the GFI1 SNAG domain; this methylation event is required for LSD1 recruitment to GFI1 SNAG; methylation-defective GFI1 (K8 mutant) loses repressor activity, fails to recruit LSD1, shows persistence of promoter H3K4me2 marks, fails to complement GFI1 depletion phenotypes in zebrafish, and lacks pro-growth functions in lymphoid leukemia cells. In vitro methylation assay (SMYD2 + GFI1 SNAG peptide); co-immunoprecipitation; ChIP for LSD1 and H3K4me2; SNAG K8 mutagenesis; zebrafish knockdown complementation; leukemia cell proliferation assay The Biochemical journal High 27480105
2007 The ubiquitin ligase Triad1 interacts with the DNA-binding domain of GFI1 and inhibits GFI1 ubiquitination, prolonging GFI1 protein half-life; Triad1 siRNA knockdown increases GFI1 ubiquitination; this stabilization does not require ubiquitin-ligase activity of Triad1, suggesting competition with an unidentified E3 ligase. Co-immunoprecipitation; ubiquitin-IP; Triad1 siRNA knockdown; GFI1 half-life assay; Triad1 domain-deletion mutant analysis; cell proliferation assay Blood Medium 17646546
2019 GFI1 directly interacts with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 and its substrates MRE11 and 53BP1; GFI1 enables PRMT1 to bind and methylate MRE11 and 53BP1, which is necessary for their function in the DNA damage response; GFI1 deletion causes hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in T cells. Co-immunoprecipitation of GFI1-PRMT1-MRE11-53BP1; methylation assay; GFI1-deficient T cells; ionizing radiation sensitivity assay; proximity ligation assay Nature communications High 29651020
2019 LSD1 physically associates with GFI1 and cooperates with it to inhibit neuronal differentiation genes; GFI1 proteins that cannot recruit LSD1 are unable to drive medulloblastoma tumorigenesis; genetic ablation of LSD1 markedly impairs GFI1-driven tumor growth in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation of GFI1-LSD1; GFI1 mutants defective in LSD1 recruitment; Lsd1 conditional KO in GFI1-driven MB mouse model; pharmacological LSD1 inhibitor treatment Nature communications High 30659187
2019 GSK3β phosphorylates GFI1 at S94/S98, triggering its interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7, leading to SCFFBXW7-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of GFI1; a non-degradable GFI1 S94A/S98A mutant shows enhanced oncogenic activity in gastric cancer cells. In vitro kinase assay (GSK3β + GFI1); co-immunoprecipitation of GFI1-FBXW7; ubiquitin-IP; GFI1 S94A/S98A phospho-mutant overexpression; FBXW7-KO cell proliferation and tumorigenesis assays Cancer research High 31289136
2022 In inner ear hair cells, GFI1 regulates differentiation in two distinct ways: (1) as an off-DNA transcriptional co-activator of ATOH1 by binding the same regulatory elements without directly contacting DNA, enhancing ATOH1 activity; and (2) as a DNA-binding repressor of non-hair cell (neuronal) genes. CUT&RUN identified the direct GFI1 and ATOH1 genomic targets in hair cells. CUT&RUN for GFI1 and ATOH1 in hair cells; motif analysis; conditional Gfi1-KO in hair cells; scRNA-seq; ATOH1/GFI1 co-expression and co-IP Scientific reports Medium 35551236

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2004 Gfi-1 restricts proliferation and preserves functional integrity of haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 428 15457180
2007 Epigenetic regulation of hematopoietic differentiation by Gfi-1 and Gfi-1b is mediated by the cofactors CoREST and LSD1. Molecular cell 346 17707228
2003 Intrinsic requirement for zinc finger transcription factor Gfi-1 in neutrophil differentiation. Immunity 315 12530980
2012 Stat3 and Gfi-1 transcription factors control Th17 cell immunosuppressive activity via the regulation of ectonucleotidase expression. Immunity 280 22406269
2012 PI3K-Akt-mTORC1-S6K1/2 axis controls Th17 differentiation by regulating Gfi1 expression and nuclear translocation of RORγ. Cell reports 273 22832227
1996 Gfi-1 encodes a nuclear zinc finger protein that binds DNA and functions as a transcriptional repressor. Molecular and cellular biology 271 8754800
2002 Inflammatory reactions and severe neutropenia in mice lacking the transcriptional repressor Gfi1. Nature genetics 266 11810106
2005 Gfi1 functions downstream of Math1 to control intestinal secretory cell subtype allocation and differentiation. Genes & development 256 16230531
2004 Transcription factor Gfi1 regulates self-renewal and engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells. The EMBO journal 252 15385956
1996 The Gfi-1 proto-oncoprotein contains a novel transcriptional repressor domain, SNAG, and inhibits G1 arrest induced by interleukin-2 withdrawal. Molecular and cellular biology 238 8887656
2003 The zinc finger transcription factor Gfi1, implicated in lymphomagenesis, is required for inner ear hair cell differentiation and survival. Development (Cambridge, England) 218 12441305
1993 Progression of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent rat T cell lymphoma lines to IL-2-independent growth following activation of a gene (Gfi-1) encoding a novel zinc finger protein. Molecular and cellular biology 195 8441411
2015 GFI1 proteins orchestrate the emergence of haematopoietic stem cells through recruitment of LSD1. Nature cell biology 183 26619147
2005 The AXH domain of Ataxin-1 mediates neurodegeneration through its interaction with Gfi-1/Senseless proteins. Cell 162 16122429
2010 Gfi1 and Gfi1b: key regulators of hematopoiesis. Leukemia 158 20861919
2005 Gfi1 coordinates epigenetic repression of p21Cip/WAF1 by recruitment of histone lysine methyltransferase G9a and histone deacetylase 1. Molecular and cellular biology 157 16287849
2009 A recurrent network involving the transcription factors PU.1 and Gfi1 orchestrates innate and adaptive immune cell fates. Immunity 143 19818654
2012 GFI1 and GFI1B control the loss of endothelial identity of hemogenic endothelium during hematopoietic commitment. Blood 133 22668850
2003 The transcriptional repressor Gfi1 affects development of early, uncommitted c-Kit+ T cell progenitors and CD4/CD8 lineage decision in the thymus. The Journal of experimental medicine 133 12682108
2009 Gfi1 regulates miR-21 and miR-196b to control myelopoiesis. Blood 125 19278956
2009 Down-regulation of Gfi-1 expression by TGF-beta is important for differentiation of Th17 and CD103+ inducible regulatory T cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 120 19188499
2000 The zinc finger protein Gfi-1 can enhance STAT3 signaling by interacting with the STAT3 inhibitor PIAS3. The EMBO journal 114 11060035
2004 Gfi1:green fluorescent protein knock-in mutant reveals differential expression and autoregulation of the growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1) gene during lymphocyte development. The Journal of biological chemistry 104 15252036
2003 Gfi-1 attaches to the nuclear matrix, associates with ETO (MTG8) and histone deacetylase proteins, and represses transcription using a TSA-sensitive mechanism. Journal of cellular biochemistry 100 12874834
2005 The transcriptional repressor Gfi1 controls STAT3-dependent dendritic cell development and function. Immunity 99 15963786
1998 Zinc finger protein GFI-1 has low oncogenic potential but cooperates strongly with pim and myc genes in T-cell lymphomagenesis. Oncogene 99 9840930
1996 The Gfi-1 protooncoprotein represses Bax expression and inhibits T-cell death. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97 8962093
1996 Zinc finger protein GFI-1 cooperates with myc and pim-1 in T-cell lymphomagenesis by reducing the requirements for IL-2. Oncogene 96 8622900
2015 From cytopenia to leukemia: the role of Gfi1 and Gfi1b in blood formation. Blood 92 26447191
2021 Generation of mature and functional hair cells by co-expression of Gfi1, Pou4f3, and Atoh1 in the postnatal mouse cochlea. Cell reports 91 33882317
2003 Targets of the transcriptional repressor oncoprotein Gfi-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90 12721361
2006 Gfi-1 plays an important role in IL-2-mediated Th2 cell expansion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88 17116877
2010 Integrative genomic analyses of CXCR4: transcriptional regulation of CXCR4 based on TGFbeta, Nodal, Activin signaling and POU5F1, FOXA2, FOXC2, FOXH1, SOX17, and GFI1 transcription factors. International journal of oncology 81 20043076
2008 Formation of IL-7Ralphahigh and IL-7Ralphalow CD8 T cells during infection is regulated by the opposing functions of GABPalpha and Gfi-1. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 76 18390712
2004 Targeted transcriptional repression of Gfi1 by GFI1 and GFI1B in lymphoid cells. Nucleic acids research 75 15131254
2007 Epigenetic regulation of protein-coding and microRNA genes by the Gfi1-interacting tumor suppressor PRDM5. Molecular and cellular biology 73 17636019
2019 Lsd1 as a therapeutic target in Gfi1-activated medulloblastoma. Nature communications 72 30659187
2006 Gfi1 and Gfi1b act equivalently in haematopoiesis, but have distinct, non-overlapping functions in inner ear development. EMBO reports 72 16397623
1998 Evidence implicating Gfi-1 and Pim-1 in pre-T-cell differentiation steps associated with beta-selection. The EMBO journal 72 9736613
2017 Obesity alters the long-term fitness of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment through modulation of Gfi1 expression. The Journal of experimental medicine 69 29282250
2016 AMPK promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis through AMPK-Gfi1-OPN axis. Cellular signalling 69 27283242
2006 The transcriptional repressor GFI-1 antagonizes PU.1 activity through protein-protein interaction. The Journal of biological chemistry 68 17197705
2012 Snail/Gfi-1 (SNAG) family zinc finger proteins in transcription regulation, chromatin dynamics, cell signaling, development, and disease. Cytokine & growth factor reviews 67 23102646
2010 Gfi1-Cre knock-in mouse line: A tool for inner ear hair cell-specific gene deletion. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 67 20533399
2002 High levels of the onco-protein Gfi-1 accelerate T-cell proliferation and inhibit activation induced T-cell death in Jurkat T-cells. Oncogene 67 11896586
2017 Inactivation of Ezh2 Upregulates Gfi1 and Drives Aggressive Myc-Driven Group 3 Medulloblastoma. Cell reports 66 28329683
2006 Zinc-finger transcription factor Gfi-1: versatile regulator of lymphocytes, neutrophils and hematopoietic stem cells. Current opinion in hematology 66 16319680
2022 Cellular reprogramming with ATOH1, GFI1, and POU4F3 implicate epigenetic changes and cell-cell signaling as obstacles to hair cell regeneration in mature mammals. eLife 62 36445327
2010 Gfi1 expression is controlled by five distinct regulatory regions spread over 100 kilobases, with Scl/Tal1, Gata2, PU.1, Erg, Meis1, and Runx1 acting as upstream regulators in early hematopoietic cells. Molecular and cellular biology 60 20516218
2011 Growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1) as a regulator of lymphocyte development and activation. Seminars in immunology 59 21920773
2019 LSD1 inhibition by tranylcypromine derivatives interferes with GFI1-mediated repression of PU.1 target genes and induces differentiation in AML. Leukemia 57 30679800
2008 Prox1 interacts with Atoh1 and Gfi1, and regulates cellular differentiation in the inner ear sensory epithelia. Developmental biology 57 18652815
2010 Cell Lineage metastability in Gfi1-deficient mouse intestinal epithelium. Developmental biology 56 20599897
1996 MoMuLV proviral integrations identified by Sup-F selection in tumors from infected myc/pim bitransgenic mice correlate with activation of the gfi-1 gene. Nucleic acids research 55 8692692
2020 Combinatorial Atoh1 and Gfi1 induction enhances hair cell regeneration in the adult cochlea. Scientific reports 54 33293609
2017 Gfi1Cre mice have early onset progressive hearing loss and induce recombination in numerous inner ear non-hair cells. Scientific reports 53 28181545
2010 Repression of Id2 expression by Gfi-1 is required for B-cell and myeloid development. Blood 53 20453161
2010 Gfi1-cells and circuits: unraveling transcriptional networks of development and disease. Current opinion in hematology 53 20571393
2018 GFI1 facilitates efficient DNA repair by regulating PRMT1 dependent methylation of MRE11 and 53BP1. Nature communications 52 29651020
2007 Transcription factor Gfi-1 induced by G-CSF is a negative regulator of CXCR4 in myeloid cells. Blood 52 17596540
2012 A hypomorphic mutation in the Gfi1 transcriptional repressor results in a novel form of neutropenia. European journal of immunology 51 22684987
2008 Gfi1-mediated stabilization of GATA3 protein is required for Th2 cell differentiation. The Journal of biological chemistry 50 18701459
2005 The zinc finger transcription factor Growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1). The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 49 15618011
2009 Gfi-1 represses CDKN2B encoding p15INK4B through interaction with Miz-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48 19164764
2016 Simvastatin attenuates macrophage-mediated gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by regulating the TGF-β1/Gfi-1 axis. Cancer letters 47 27840243
2010 A variant allele of Growth Factor Independence 1 (GFI1) is associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 44 20075157
2007 Growth factor independence-1 (Gfi-1) plays a role in mediating specific granule deficiency (SGD) in a patient lacking a gene-inactivating mutation in the C/EBPepsilon gene. Blood 44 17244686
1995 Evi-5, a common site of retroviral integration in AKXD T-cell lymphomas, maps near Gfi-1 on mouse chromosome 5. Journal of virology 44 7474133
2010 The transcription factor Gfi1 regulates G-CSF signaling and neutrophil development through the Ras activator RasGRP1. Blood 43 20203268
2006 Auxiliary splice factor U2AF26 and transcription factor Gfi1 cooperate directly in regulating CD45 alternative splicing. Nature immunology 41 16819553
2003 Gfi-1 oncoproteins in hematopoiesis. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 39 14530176
2006 Increased CCAAT enhancer-binding protein epsilon (C/EBPepsilon) expression and premature apoptosis in myeloid cells expressing Gfi-1 N382S mutant associated with severe congenital neutropenia. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 16500901
2009 Gfi1 negatively regulates T(h)17 differentiation by inhibiting RORgammat activity. International immunology 36 19505891
2021 Superior efficacy of co-targeting GFI1/KDM1A and BRD4 against AML and post-MPN secondary AML cells. Blood cancer journal 35 34016956
2012 Gfi-1 inhibits proliferation and colony formation of p210BCR/ABL-expressing cells via transcriptional repression of STAT 5 and Mcl-1. Leukemia 32 22285998
2004 Parapineal specific expression of gfi1 in the zebrafish epithalamus. Gene expression patterns : GEP 32 14678828
2020 Multifaceted Actions of GFI1 and GFI1B in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Lineage Commitment. Frontiers in genetics 31 33193732
1997 The C. elegans gene pag-3 is homologous to the zinc finger proto-oncogene gfi-1. Development (Cambridge, England) 31 9169852
2010 Zinc finger protein Gfi1 controls the endotoxin-mediated Toll-like receptor inflammatory response by antagonizing NF-kappaB p65. Molecular and cellular biology 30 20547752
2008 Gfi1.1 regulates hematopoietic lineage differentiation during zebrafish embryogenesis. Cell research 30 18504458
2024 Expression of Atoh1, Gfi1, and Pou4f3 in the mature cochlea reprograms nonsensory cells into hair cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 29 38266052
2019 Role of GFI1 in Epigenetic Regulation of MDS and AML Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Frontiers in oncology 29 31508375
2016 Gfi1, a transcriptional repressor, inhibits the induction of the T helper type 1 programme in activated CD4 T cells. Immunology 29 26749286
2016 GFI1 functions in transcriptional control and cell fate determination require SNAG domain methylation to recruit LSD1. The Biochemical journal 29 27480105
2011 GABP transcription factor is required for myeloid differentiation, in part, through its control of Gfi-1 expression. Blood 29 21705494
2019 SCFFBXW7/GSK3β-Mediated GFI1 Degradation Suppresses Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancer research 28 31289136
2010 Solution structure of Gfi-1 zinc domain bound to consensus DNA. Journal of molecular biology 28 20153336
2010 Expression of the transcriptional repressor Gfi-1 is regulated by C/EBP{alpha} and is involved in its proliferation and colony formation-inhibitory effects in p210BCR/ABL-expressing cells. Cancer research 28 20924107
2007 Gfi1 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation is inhibited by the ubiquitin ligase Triad1. Blood 28 17646546
2001 Identification of a novel member of the snail/Gfi-1 repressor family, mlt 1, which is methylated and silenced in liver tumors of SV40 T antigen transgenic mice. Cancer research 26 11221845
2020 Long noncoding RNA HCG11 inhibited growth and invasion in cervical cancer by sponging miR-942-5p and targeting GFI1. Cancer medicine 24 32794340
2010 Tag-SNP analysis of the GFI1-EVI5-RPL5-FAM69 risk locus for multiple sclerosis. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 24 20087403
2018 Association of maternal prenatal smoking GFI1-locus and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in 18,212 adults. EBioMedicine 23 30442561
2010 A role of Miz-1 in Gfi-1-mediated transcriptional repression of CDKN1A. Oncogene 23 20190815
2007 Transcriptional repressor Gfi1 integrates cytokine-receptor signals controlling B-cell differentiation. PloS one 23 17375192
2019 Targeting the GFI1/1B-CoREST Complex in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Frontiers in oncology 22 31649884
2012 Gfi-1 inhibits the expression of eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) during G-CSF-induced neutrophilic differentiation. International journal of hematology 22 22552881
1997 Cloning of the human Gfi-1 gene and its mapping to chromosome region 1p22. Oncogene 22 9051000
2022 GFI1 regulates hair cell differentiation by acting as an off-DNA transcriptional co-activator of ATOH1, and a DNA-binding repressor. Scientific reports 21 35551236
2019 LSD1-mediated repression of GFI1 super-enhancer plays an essential role in erythroleukemia. Leukemia 20 31676828

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