Affinage

GEMIN2

Gem-associated protein 2 · UniProt O14893

Length
280 aa
Mass
31.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

GEMIN2 (SIP1) is a core subunit of the SMN complex that functions as a molecular chaperone for spliceosomal snRNP assembly and additionally participates in homologous recombination. In snRNP biogenesis, GEMIN2 adopts an extended conformation that wraps around the Sm protein pentamer (SmD1/D2/F/E/G), occluding the RNA-binding pocket to prevent premature RNA association, and simultaneously stabilizes SMN oligomerization required for assembly activity (PMID:21816274, PMID:17308308, PMID:9323130). Reduced GEMIN2 and SMN levels in compound heterozygous mice impair nuclear snRNP accumulation and enhance motoneuron degeneration, linking the snRNP assembly function to spinal muscular atrophy pathogenesis (PMID:12091709). Independent of snRNP assembly, GEMIN2 directly binds RAD51 and stimulates RAD51-mediated homologous pairing and strand exchange by stabilizing RAD51-DNA filaments, and its depletion reduces homologous recombination efficiency and RAD51 focus formation in vivo (PMID:20403813, PMID:21732698).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1997 High

    Identification of GEMIN2/SIP1 as a stable binding partner of SMN that co-associates with Sm core proteins and snRNAs established the molecular framework for understanding cytoplasmic snRNP assembly.

    Evidence Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, direct binding assays, and antibody inhibition of snRNP assembly in Xenopus oocytes

    PMID:9323129 PMID:9323130

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct biochemical contribution of GEMIN2 vs. SMN to Sm protein binding was unresolved
    • Structural basis of the SMN-GEMIN2 interaction unknown
  2. 2000 Medium

    Mapping of the SMN-GEMIN2 binding interface to SMN exons 2–4 and demonstration that GEMIN2 protein stability depends on SMN defined the obligate nature of the complex.

    Evidence BIAcore binding analysis with deletion mutants; conditional SMN-knockout DT40 cells showing GEMIN2 degradation upon SMN loss

    PMID:11092763 PMID:11121410

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural resolution of the binding interface not yet achieved
    • Whether GEMIN2 reciprocally stabilizes SMN was not tested
  3. 2002 High

    Genetic evidence in compound heterozygous Gemin2/Smn mice linked reduced snRNP assembly to motoneuron degeneration in vivo, providing the first direct connection between GEMIN2 dosage and SMA-like pathology.

    Evidence Compound heterozygous knockout mice with quantification of nuclear Sm protein localization and motoneuron counts

    PMID:12091709

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether snRNP deficiency is the sole driver of motoneuron loss or whether SMN-independent GEMIN2 functions contribute was not distinguished
    • Cell-autonomous vs. non-autonomous effects not resolved
  4. 2006 Medium

    Discovery of a direct GEMIN2–HIV-1 integrase interaction that promotes reverse transcription revealed an unexpected host-factor role for GEMIN2 in viral replication.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown reducing HIV-1 cDNA synthesis in primary macrophages

    PMID:16731905

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which GEMIN2 facilitates reverse transcription was unclear
    • Whether this function is separable from the SMN complex was not addressed
  5. 2007 High

    Demonstration that GEMIN2 self-associates and stabilizes SMN oligomerization explained how GEMIN2 promotes snRNP assembly activity beyond simply being a binding partner.

    Evidence Mammalian two-hybrid, in vitro pull-down and dissociation assays, siRNA knockdown with snRNP assembly readout

    PMID:17308308

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of GEMIN2 within the SMN oligomer was undefined
    • Whether GEMIN2 dimerization is required for SMN stabilization was not tested with separation-of-function mutants
  6. 2009 Medium

    Mechanistic follow-up showed that GEMIN2 stabilizes HIV-1 integrase multimers and enhances reverse transcriptase assembly on viral RNA, with synthetic peptides disrupting the IN–GEMIN2 interface blocking reverse transcription.

    Evidence In vitro RT activity reconstitution, peptide inhibitor experiments, multimer formation assay

    PMID:19915660

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of synthetic peptide inhibition in animal models not tested
    • Structural basis of IN–GEMIN2 interaction unknown
  7. 2010 High

    Discovery that GEMIN2 directly binds RAD51 and stimulates homologous recombination by stabilizing RAD51-DNA filaments established a second major function for GEMIN2 independent of snRNP biology.

    Evidence In vitro reconstitution of homologous pairing with purified proteins; siRNA knockdown and DT40 gene knockout reducing HR efficiency and RAD51 foci

    PMID:20403813

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the RAD51-binding and SMN-binding activities of GEMIN2 are structurally separable was unknown
    • Relative physiological importance of HR function vs. snRNP function not assessed
  8. 2011 High

    The 2.5 Å crystal structure of GEMIN2 bound to the Sm pentamer and SMN's GEMIN2-binding domain revealed the molecular mechanism: GEMIN2's extended conformation wraps around all five Sm proteins and occludes the RNA-binding pocket, acting as a gatekeeper that prevents premature snRNA association.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography at 2.5 Å resolution with structure-guided mutagenesis confirming SMA-causing SMN mutation disrupts SMN-GEMIN2 binding

    PMID:21816274

    Open questions at the time
    • How pICln-loaded Sm intermediates are handed off to GEMIN2 was not captured structurally
    • Full-length SMN oligomer structure with GEMIN2 not resolved
  9. 2012 High

    NMR structure of the GEMIN2–SMN interface identified conserved SMN surface residues mutated in SMA patients that are functionally important for snRNP assembly rather than GEMIN2 binding itself, refining disease mechanism understanding.

    Evidence NMR solution structure with mapping of two SMA patient mutations

    PMID:22607171

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether these surface residues mediate interaction with other SMN complex components or substrates was not determined
  10. 2015 High

    Characterization of SMN·GEMIN2 oligomeric states from dimer to octamer and the dimer-of-dimers architecture of SMN tetramers provided the biophysical framework for understanding the assembly platform.

    Evidence Analytical ultracentrifugation, 1.9 Å crystal structure of yeast SMN YG box, disulfide cross-linking

    PMID:26092730

    Open questions at the time
    • How GEMIN2 stoichiometry varies across oligomeric states was not resolved
    • Cryo-EM structure of the complete SMN-GEMIN2 complex with full complement of Gemins not yet obtained

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The structural basis of GEMIN2's RAD51-stimulatory activity, the separation-of-function between its snRNP assembly and DNA repair roles, and the in vivo physiological balance between these functions remain unresolved.
  • No structure of the GEMIN2-RAD51 complex exists
  • Separation-of-function mutants distinguishing snRNP vs. HR roles have not been generated
  • Whether GEMIN2's HIV integrase-binding function operates through the same surface as its RAD51 or SMN interactions is unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 4 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
DDX20RAD51SMNSNRPD1SNRPD2SNRPESNRPFSNRPG
Complex memberships
SMN complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 SMN protein is tightly associated with SIP1/Gemin2 and together they form a complex with spliceosomal snRNP proteins (Sm core proteins B, D1-3, E); SMN interacts directly with several Sm proteins, and SIP1/Gemin2 has sequence similarity with Brr1, a yeast protein critical for snRNP biogenesis, suggesting a role in spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation, direct binding assays, sequence analysis Cell High 9323129 9323130
1997 The SMN-SIP1/Gemin2 complex is associated with spliceosomal snRNAs U1 and U5 in the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes; antibodies against the SMN-SIP1 complex strongly interfere with cytoplasmic assembly of Sm proteins onto snRNAs and with nuclear import of the snRNP complex, establishing a direct role for SMN-Gemin2 in snRNP biogenesis. Xenopus oocyte injection, antibody inhibition, RNA immunoprecipitation Cell High 9323130
2000 SMN self-association occurs via regions encoded by exons 2b and 6; exon 2b encodes a binding site for Gemin2/SIP1, and the SMN-Gemin2 interaction occurs between exon 2- and 4-encoded regions within the SMN monomer. Biomolecular interaction analysis (BIAcore), deletion mapping Human molecular genetics Medium 11092763
2000 Gemin2/SIP1 protein levels decrease significantly following depletion of SMN in a conditional SMN-knockout chicken DT40 cell system, supporting that SMN and Gemin2 form a stable complex in vivo and that Gemin2 stability is dependent on SMN. Tetracycline-repressible SMN expression system, Western blot The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11121410
2001 Sip1/Gemin2 is highly expressed in spinal cord during early development and its expression decreases in parallel with SMN during postnatal development; a significant fraction of SMN does not co-localize with Sip1 in neurites of motor neurons, indicating SMN may have Sip1-independent functions in motor neurons. Confocal immunofluorescence, developmental expression analysis in SMA mouse model and patient cell lines Human molecular genetics Medium 11181573
2002 Reduced Smn/Gemin2 protein levels in Gemin2(+/-)/Smn(+/-) compound heterozygous mice lead to disturbed U snRNP assembly (reduced nuclear accumulation of Sm proteins) and correlate with enhanced motoneuron degeneration, providing in vivo evidence that impaired U snRNP production contributes to motoneuron degeneration. Mouse genetics (compound heterozygous knockout), immunofluorescence for Sm protein localization, motoneuron counting Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 12091709
2006 Human GEMIN2 (SIP1) directly binds HIV-1 integrase (IN); reduction of Gemin2 by siRNA dramatically reduces HIV-1 infection and viral cDNA synthesis in primary monocyte-derived macrophages without affecting expression from integrated proviral DNA; co-immunoprecipitation suggests Gemin2 interacts with the incoming viral genome through IN. Yeast two-hybrid, siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation, viral infection assay Journal of virology Medium 16731905
2007 Gemin2 undergoes self-association (homo-dimerization); Gemin2 stabilizes SMN amino-terminal self-association; Gemin2 knockdown by siRNA causes drastic decrease in SMN oligomer formation and snRNP assembly activity, establishing that Gemin2 promotes snRNP assembly by stabilizing the SMN oligomeric complex. Mammalian two-hybrid, in vitro pull-down, in vitro dissociation assay, siRNA knockdown, snRNP assembly assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 17308308
2009 HIV-1 integrase together with SIP1/Gemin2 augments reverse transcriptase (RT) activity by enhancing assembly of RT on viral RNA in vitro; SIP1 stabilizes functional multimer forms of IN through prevention of proteasome-mediated degradation; synthetic peptides inhibiting the IN-SIP1 interaction abrogated reverse transcription in vitro and in vivo. In vitro RT activity assay, peptide inhibitor experiments, siRNA knockdown, multimer formation assay PloS one Medium 19915660
2010 Human GEMIN2 directly binds RAD51; biochemical analyses show GEMIN2 enhances RAD51-DNA complex formation by inhibiting RAD51 dissociation from DNA and stimulates RAD51-mediated homologous pairing and strand exchange; depletion of GEMIN2 in DT40 and human cells reduces homologous recombination efficiency and decreases RAD51 subnuclear foci formation. In vitro binding assay, homologous pairing/strand exchange assay, siRNA/gene knockout, RAD51 focus quantification Nucleic acids research High 20403813
2010 Drosophila Gemin2 (CG10419) colocalizes with SMN in cytoplasmic U bodies, which invariably associate with P bodies, establishing that Gemin2 is a component of U bodies and thus a likely site for snRNP assembly. Immunofluorescence colocalization in Drosophila egg chamber Experimental cell research Medium 20452345
2011 Crystal structure at 2.5 Å of Gemin2 bound to the SmD1/D2/F/E/G pentamer and SMN's Gemin2-binding domain reveals that Gemin2 adopts an extended conformation wrapping around the crescent-shaped pentamer, interacting with all five Sm proteins and reaching into the RNA-binding pocket to prevent RNA binding; an SMA-causing SMN mutation abrogates SMN-Gemin2 interaction. X-ray crystallography (2.5 Å), structure-function mutagenesis Cell High 21816274
2011 The purified SMN-GEMIN2 fusion complex enhances RAD51-mediated homologous pairing more efficiently than GEMIN2 alone; SMN-GEMIN2 possesses DNA-binding activity not observed with GEMIN2 alone, and significantly stimulates secondary duplex DNA capture by the RAD51-ssDNA complex during homologous pairing. In vitro purification, homologous pairing assay, DNA-binding assay Biochemistry Medium 21732698
2012 NMR solution structure of Gemin2 bound to the Gemin2-binding domain of SMN reveals how Gemin2 binds SMN and identifies conserved SMN residues (including sites of two SMA patient mutations) that form a conserved SMN/Gemin2 surface likely important for snRNP assembly rather than Gemin2 binding per se. NMR spectroscopy, structure determination The Biochemical journal High 22607171
2015 Human SMN·Gemin2 forms oligomers spanning the dimer to octamer range, with the YG box oligomerization domain of SMN being both necessary and sufficient for oligomerization; disulfide cross-linking shows SMN tetramers are formed by self-association of stable non-dissociating dimers in a dimer-of-dimers organization. Analytical ultracentrifugation, X-ray crystallography (1.9 Å of ySMN YG box), disulfide cross-linking The Journal of biological chemistry High 26092730
2010 SMN, Gemin2, and Gemin3 associate with beta-actin mRNA in the cytoplasm of human neuroblastoma (SHSY5Y) cells, providing the first direct evidence that beta-actin mRNA is present in SMN cytoplasmic complexes containing Gemin2. Targeted mRNA screen, RNA co-immunoprecipitation Journal of molecular biology Medium 20620147
2008 Gemin2 knockdown in zebrafish does not directly cause motor axon outgrowth defects; motor axon defects observed in gemin2 morphants are secondary to overall body morphology defects, and motoneuron-specific knockdown of Gemin2 yields normal motor axon development, indicating Gemin2 reduction (unlike SMN reduction) does not directly affect motor axon outgrowth. Morpholino knockdown in zebrafish, motoneuron-specific electroporation, neuronal transplantation Developmental neurobiology Medium 18000835

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1. Nature cell biology 3202 18376396
2001 The two-handed E box binding zinc finger protein SIP1 downregulates E-cadherin and induces invasion. Molecular cell 1160 11430829
2008 A double-negative feedback loop between ZEB1-SIP1 and the microRNA-200 family regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer research 902 18829540
1997 The spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product, SMN, and its associated protein SIP1 are in a complex with spliceosomal snRNP proteins. Cell 567 9323129
1997 The SMN-SIP1 complex has an essential role in spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis. Cell 567 9323130
2002 Differential expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulators snail, SIP1, and twist in gastric cancer. The American journal of pathology 488 12414534
2005 SIP1/ZEB2 induces EMT by repressing genes of different epithelial cell-cell junctions. Nucleic acids research 445 16314317
1999 SIP1, a novel zinc finger/homeodomain repressor, interacts with Smad proteins and binds to 5'-CACCT sequences in candidate target genes. The Journal of biological chemistry 424 10400677
2001 Mutations in SIP1, encoding Smad interacting protein-1, cause a form of Hirschsprung disease. Nature genetics 273 11279515
2004 Snail and SIP1 increase cancer invasion by upregulating MMP family in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. British journal of cancer 250 15026811
2010 Pancreatic cancers epigenetically silence SIP1 and hypomethylate and overexpress miR-200a/200b in association with elevated circulating miR-200a and miR-200b levels. Cancer research 235 20551052
2006 VHL promotes E2 box-dependent E-cadherin transcription by HIF-mediated regulation of SIP1 and snail. Molecular and cellular biology 208 17060462
1997 The Snf1 protein kinase and its activating subunit, Snf4, interact with distinct domains of the Sip1/Sip2/Gal83 component in the kinase complex. Molecular and cellular biology 199 9121458
2001 Loss-of-function mutations in SIP1 Smad interacting protein 1 result in a syndromic Hirschsprung disease. Human molecular genetics 196 11448942
2007 Direct repression of cyclin D1 by SIP1 attenuates cell cycle progression in cells undergoing an epithelial mesenchymal transition. Molecular biology of the cell 183 17855508
2009 Sip1 regulates sequential fate decisions by feedback signaling from postmitotic neurons to progenitors. Nature neuroscience 178 19838179
2006 Regulation of vimentin by SIP1 in human epithelial breast tumor cells. Oncogene 147 16568083
2013 Sip1 mediates an E-cadherin-to-N-cadherin switch during cranial neural crest EMT. The Journal of cell biology 144 24297751
2012 Dual-mode modulation of Smad signaling by Smad-interacting protein Sip1 is required for myelination in the central nervous system. Neuron 136 22365546
2013 Dlx1&2-dependent expression of Zfhx1b (Sip1, Zeb2) regulates the fate switch between cortical and striatal interneurons. Neuron 132 23312518
2007 Slug is overexpressed in gastric carcinomas and may act synergistically with SIP1 and Snail in the down-regulation of E-cadherin. The Journal of pathology 132 17299729
2011 The F-box protein Ppa is a common regulator of core EMT factors Twist, Snail, Slug, and Sip1. The Journal of cell biology 125 21727196
2010 SIP1 mediates cell-fate decisions between neuroectoderm and mesendoderm in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell stem cell 112 20074535
2013 Vimentin, zeb1 and Sip1 are up-regulated in triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers: association with an aggressive tumour phenotype. Breast cancer research and treatment 110 23412770
2013 Directed migration of cortical interneurons depends on the cell-autonomous action of Sip1. Neuron 108 23312517
2011 Structure of a key intermediate of the SMN complex reveals Gemin2's crucial function in snRNP assembly. Cell 106 21816274
2009 Changes in the expression of E-cadherin repressors, Snail, Slug, SIP1, and Twist, in the development and progression of ovarian carcinoma: the important role of Snail in ovarian tumorigenesis and progression. Medical molecular morphology 94 19536615
2011 The EMT regulator Zeb2/Sip1 is essential for murine embryonic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell differentiation and mobilization. Blood 93 21355089
2001 Co-regulation of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein and its interactor SIP1 during development and in spinal muscular atrophy. Human molecular genetics 83 11181573
2000 The exon 2b region of the spinal muscular atrophy protein, SMN, is involved in self-association and SIP1 binding. Human molecular genetics 81 11092763
2008 Atypical Mowat-Wilson patient confirms the importance of the novel association between ZFHX1B/SIP1 and NuRD corepressor complex. Human molecular genetics 80 18182442
2004 Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates the subcellular localization of Snf1-Sip1 protein kinase. Molecular and cellular biology 73 14966266
2009 MicroRNA-141 regulates Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1) and inhibits migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Digestive diseases and sciences 68 19830559
2005 Expression of SIP1 in oral squamous cell carcinomas: implications for E-cadherin expression and tumor progression. International journal of oncology 68 16273209
2002 Gene targeting of Gemin2 in mice reveals a correlation between defects in the biogenesis of U snRNPs and motoneuron cell death. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 66 12091709
2006 deltaEF1 and SIP1 are differentially expressed and have overlapping activities during Xenopus embryogenesis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 63 16518800
2006 Complementary expression pattern of Zfhx1 genes Sip1 and deltaEF1 in the mouse embryo and their genetic interaction revealed by compound mutants. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 62 16598713
2000 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe protein Yab8p and a novel factor, Yip1p, share structural and functional similarity with the spinal muscular atrophy-associated proteins SMN and SIP1. Human molecular genetics 61 10749973
2014 Ntf3 acts downstream of Sip1 in cortical postmitotic neurons to control progenitor cell fate through feedback signaling. Development (Cambridge, England) 60 25085976
2005 Involvement of SIP1 in positioning of somite boundaries in the mouse embryo. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 55 16127714
2018 Role of Zeb2/Sip1 in neuronal development. Brain research 54 30266271
2015 MicroRNA-129-5p modulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting SIP1 and SOX4 during peritoneal dialysis. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 54 25961171
2010 Either ZEB1 or ZEB2/SIP1 can play a central role in regulating the Epstein-Barr virus latent-lytic switch in a cell-type-specific manner. Journal of virology 54 20375168
2000 A cell system with targeted disruption of the SMN gene: functional conservation of the SMN protein and dependence of Gemin2 on SMN. The Journal of biological chemistry 52 11121410
2011 Overexpression of SIP1 and downregulation of E-cadherin predict delayed neck metastasis in stage I/II oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma after partial glossectomy. Annals of surgical oncology 51 21913013
2018 SIP1 participates in regulation of flowering time in rice by recruiting OsTrx1 to Ehd1. The New phytologist 50 29611871
2007 Gemin2 plays an important role in stabilizing the survival of motor neuron complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 17308308
2006 Identification of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase interactor, Gemin2, that facilitates efficient viral cDNA synthesis in vivo. Journal of virology 49 16731905
2015 Sip1 downstream Effector ninein controls neocortical axonal growth, ipsilateral branching, and microtubule growth and stability. Neuron 48 25741725
2015 The Chaperone Activity of the Developmental Small Heat Shock Protein Sip1 Is Regulated by pH-Dependent Conformational Changes. Molecular cell 47 26009280
2018 Long non-coding RNA NORAD upregulate SIP1 expression to promote cell proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 44 30119219
2013 Loss of Sip1 leads to migration defects and retention of ectodermal markers during lens development. Mechanisms of development 44 24161570
2016 microRNA-145 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SIP1 in human cervical cancer cells. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 42 27933466
2009 Transcription factors Snail, Slug, Twist, and SIP1 in spindle cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 40 19381684
2006 Expression of Snail, Slug and Sip1 in malignant mesothelioma effusions is associated with matrix metalloproteinase, but not with cadherin expression. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 39 16996643
2010 Drosophila SMN complex proteins Gemin2, Gemin3, and Gemin5 are components of U bodies. Experimental cell research 37 20452345
2009 Identification of the role of Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1) in glioma. Journal of neuro-oncology 35 19806322
2001 SIP1 (Smad interacting protein 1) and deltaEF1 (delta-crystallin enhancer binding factor) are structurally similar transcriptional repressors. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 34 11263664
2010 GEMIN2 promotes accumulation of RAD51 at double-strand breaks in homologous recombination. Nucleic acids research 33 20403813
2009 Clinicopathological significance of Sip1-associated epithelial mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer progression. Anticancer research 33 19846957
2011 SIP1 is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma by promoter hypermethylation. BMC cancer 32 21645397
2010 Novel monoclonal antibodies detect Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) in the cytoplasm of human cells from multiple tumor tissue arrays. Experimental and molecular pathology 32 20515682
2015 Edwardsiella tarda Sip1: A serum-induced zinc metalloprotease that is essential to serum resistance and host infection. Veterinary microbiology 31 25899393
2011 Coexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, TWIST2, and SIP1 may correlate with invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 29 22103974
2009 Augmentation of reverse transcription by integrase through an interaction with host factor, SIP1/Gemin2 Is critical for HIV-1 infection. PloS one 29 19915660
2010 SMN, Gemin2 and Gemin3 associate with beta-actin mRNA in the cytoplasm of neuronal cells in vitro. Journal of molecular biology 28 20620147
2015 Oligomeric Properties of Survival Motor Neuron·Gemin2 Complexes. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 26092730
2017 MiR-590-3p suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by inhibiting SIP1 expression. Oncotarget 26 28423728
2006 Identification and characterization of the carboxy-terminal region of Sip-1, a novel autoantigen in Behçet's disease. Arthritis research & therapy 25 16611372
2013 Differential expression of transcription factors Snail, Slug, SIP1, and Twist in ameloblastoma. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 24 23560539
2010 The beta-subunits of the Snf1 kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gal83 and Sip2, but not Sip1, are redundant in glucose derepression and regulation of sterol biosynthesis. Molecular microbiology 24 20545859
2008 The SMN binding protein Gemin2 is not involved in motor axon outgrowth. Developmental neurobiology 24 18000835
2013 Splice variants of the SIP1 transcripts play a role in nodule organogenesis in Lotus japonicus. Plant molecular biology 23 23494209
2017 MicroRNA-192 regulates hypertrophic scar fibrosis by targeting SIP1. Journal of molecular histology 22 28884252
2012 Solution structure of the core SMN-Gemin2 complex. The Biochemical journal 22 22607171
2012 Smad interacting protein 1 (SIP1) is associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis in intestinal type gastric cancer. Clinical & experimental metastasis 22 23143680
2018 TRIM37 promotes cell invasion and metastasis by regulating SIP1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. OncoTargets and therapy 21 30573971
2015 De novo inbred heterozygous Zeb2/Sip1 mutant mice uniquely generated by germ-line conditional knockout exhibit craniofacial, callosal and behavioral defects associated with Mowat-Wilson syndrome. Human molecular genetics 21 26319231
2001 Transforming growth factor beta signalling in vitro and in vivo: activin ligand-receptor interaction, Smad5 in vasculogenesis, and repression of target genes by the deltaEF1/ZEB-related SIP1 in the vertebrate embryo. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 21 11451567
2007 The N-terminus zinc finger domain of Xenopus SIP1 is important for neural induction, but not for suppression of Xbra expression. The International journal of developmental biology 20 17554684
2021 Two aquaporins, SIP1;1 and PIP1;2, mediate water transport for pollen hydration in the Arabidopsis pistil. Plant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) 19 34177327
2017 microRNA-145 downregulates SIP1-expression but differentially regulates proliferation, migration, invasion and Wnt signaling in SW480 and SW620 cells. Journal of cellular biochemistry 19 28833449
2013 SIP1 expression patterns in brain investigated by generating a SIP1-EGFP reporter knock-in mouse. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 19 24243579
2011 Purification of the human SMN-GEMIN2 complex and assessment of its stimulation of RAD51-mediated DNA recombination reactions. Biochemistry 19 21732698
2006 Caenorhabditis elegans in the study of SMN-interacting proteins: a role for SMI-1, an orthologue of human Gemin2 and the identification of novel components of the SMN complex. Invertebrate neuroscience : IN 19 16964508
2013 Interplay between KLF4 and ZEB2/SIP1 in the regulation of E-cadherin expression. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 18 23376074
2013 Four amino acids within a tandem QxVx repeat in a predicted extended α-helix of the Smad-binding domain of Sip1 are necessary for binding to activated Smad proteins. PloS one 18 24146916
2010 Sip1, the Drosophila orthologue of EBP50/NHERF1, functions with the sterile 20 family kinase Slik to regulate Moesin activity. Journal of cell science 18 20215404
1998 Sip1, a novel RS domain-containing protein essential for pre-mRNA splicing. Molecular and cellular biology 18 9447963
2015 Expression of SIP1 is strongly correlated with LDHA and shows a significantly poor outcome in gastric cancer. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 17 25913622
2018 Mutation in the Sip1 transcription factor leads to a disturbance of the preconditioning of AMPA receptors by episodes of hypoxia in neurons of the cerebral cortex due to changes in their activity and subunit composition. The protective effects of interleukin-10. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 16 30056076
2015 SIP1 is a downstream effector of GADD45G in senescence induction and growth inhibition of liver tumor cells. Oncotarget 16 26378039
2014 SIP1/NHERF2 enhances estrogen receptor alpha transactivation in breast cancer cells. Nucleic acids research 15 24771346
2006 Functional conservation of zinc-finger homeodomain gene zfh1/SIP1 in Drosophila heart development. Development genes and evolution 15 16957952
2020 Interleukin-10 restores glutamate receptor-mediated Ca2+-signaling in brain circuits under loss of Sip1 transcription factor. The International journal of neuroscience 13 32727246
2017 RGC32 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the Smad/Sip1 signaling pathway in CRC. Scientific reports 13 28470188
2014 The Zeb proteins δEF1 and Sip1 may have distinct functions in lens cells following cataract surgery. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 13 25082886
2012 Postnatal subventricular zone of the neocortex contributes GFAP+ cells to the rostral migratory stream under the control of Sip1. Developmental biology 13 22546691
2012 Sip1, a conserved AP-1 accessory protein, is important for Golgi/endosome trafficking in fission yeast. PloS one 13 23028933
2000 An essential SMN interacting protein (SIP1) is not involved in the phenotypic variability of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). European journal of human genetics : EJHG 13 10909848