Affinage

FOXE1

Forkhead box protein E1 · UniProt O00358

Length
373 aa
Mass
38.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 35 papers cited in narrative 35 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FOXE1 (TTF-2) is a forkhead-domain transcription factor that orchestrates thyroid follicular cell differentiation and is also required for craniofacial and skin development (PMID:9214635, PMID:9697705). It functions as a pioneer factor, binding the compacted, nucleosome-protected chromatin of the inactive TPO promoter upon hormone induction to create a locally accessible chromatin domain that enables co-occupancy by NF-1/CTF, with additive effects on chromatin remodeling and target activation (PMID:17709379, PMID:10329730). Through its forkhead domain it directly binds and transactivates a battery of thyroid differentiation genes including TPO, Tg, the NIS enhancer, and Duox2 (PMID:9214635, PMID:23675434), and during palatogenesis it directly drives MSX1 and TGF-β3 (PMID:21177256); conversely it represses targets such as HK2 to restrain aerobic glycolysis (PMID:31918722). FOXE1 also partners with ELK1 to co-occupy and activate the TERT and TPO promoters in a MEK-dependent manner (PMID:27852061), and acts upstream of ZEB1 in an EMT/migration program (PMID:31846430). FOXE1 transcription is itself a signaling integration node: it is induced by TSH/cAMP through CREB/CREM and by insulin/IGF-I, autoregulated and co-controlled by Nkx2-1 and Pax8, and inhibited by TGF-β/SMAD and by nitric oxide via cGMP-dependent kinase (PMID:9287345, PMID:30652527, PMID:26610751), with additional control by GLI2/Sonic Hedgehog in epidermis (PMID:15140221, PMID:15367491). Homozygous missense mutations in the forkhead domain abolish DNA binding and transcriptional activity and cause Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome—congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid agenesis, cleft palate, and choanal atresia (PMID:9697705, PMID:12165566, PMID:16882747, PMID:20484477). Proper FOXE1 gene dosage is essential for normal thyroid architecture, hormone production, and tumor differentiation in adults, and non-coding variants near FOXE1 alter enhancer or promoter activity to modulate susceptibility to thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and orofacial clefting (PMID:26982637, PMID:36156081, PMID:25652407, PMID:19730683).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 30 steps
  1. 1997 High

    Established the molecular identity of FOXE1 as a forkhead transcription factor that physically binds thyroid-specific promoters, defining its core activity in thyroid gene regulation.

    Evidence cDNA cloning, DNA-binding assays, and in situ hybridization in mouse embryos

    PMID:9214635

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs. repressive role on target genes ambiguous from expression timing alone
    • No structural definition of DNA-binding specificity
  2. 1997 High

    Defined the upstream signaling inputs by showing FOXE1 transcription is hormonally controlled, linking it to thyroid-stimulating and growth-factor signaling.

    Evidence Northern blot and nuclear run-off transcription assays in FRTL-5 thyroid cells

    PMID:9287345

    Open questions at the time
    • Promoter elements mediating TSH/insulin response not yet mapped
    • Transcription factors transducing the signal unidentified
  3. 1998 High

    Connected FOXE1 to human disease by demonstrating that a forkhead-domain mutation abolishing DNA binding causes thyroid agenesis with cleft palate, establishing FOXE1 as causative for Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome.

    Evidence Patient sequencing with in vitro DNA-binding and transcriptional reporter assays of the A65V mutant

    PMID:9697705

    Open questions at the time
    • Single mutation; allelic series not yet established
    • Mechanism linking loss of binding to specific tissue agenesis unknown
  4. 1999 High

    Identified the first FOXE1 protein partner, showing it cooperates with hormone-inducible CTF/NF-1 to potentiate TPO promoter activity in a spacing-dependent manner.

    Evidence GST pull-down, TPO promoter spacing mutagenesis, and transfection assays

    PMID:10329730

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether cooperation requires chromatin context not addressed
    • Endogenous co-occupancy not yet shown
  5. 2000 Medium

    Revealed a DNA-binding-independent repressor function, showing FOXE1 can interfere with TTF-1/Pax-8 cofactors and thereby has dual activator/repressor capacity.

    Evidence Deletion mutagenesis mapping a repressor domain with co-transfection reporter assays

    PMID:10944465

    Open questions at the time
    • The targeted cofactor not identified
    • Single lab, limited orthogonal validation
  6. 2002 High

    Built a genotype-phenotype structure-function relationship by correlating a partial-function forkhead mutation (S57N) with a milder phenotype than A65V.

    Evidence Patient sequencing with DNA-binding and reporter assays

    PMID:12165566

    Open questions at the time
    • Residual function quantification approximate
    • Modifiers of phenotype severity unknown
  7. 2002 Medium

    Mapped FOXE1 expression beyond thyroid to multiple endoderm- and ectoderm-derived structures and showed it is phosphorylated, explaining the syndromic phenotypic spectrum.

    Evidence Systematic immunohistochemistry across mouse embryogenesis plus phosphorylation detection

    PMID:12203737

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphorylation sites and kinases not identified
    • Functional consequence of phosphorylation unknown
  8. 2004 High

    Placed FOXE1 downstream of Sonic Hedgehog by identifying it as a direct GLI2 target and a requirement for hair follicle morphogenesis, defining a non-thyroid developmental role.

    Evidence GLI-site reporter assays, Foxe1-null mice, and dominant-negative/active Gli2 epistasis

    PMID:15140221 PMID:15367491

    Open questions at the time
    • FOXE1 effector genes in follicle morphogenesis not defined here
    • Direct GLI2 occupancy at the FOXE1 locus not shown by ChIP
  9. 2006 High

    Refined the developmental requirement by showing a complete loss-of-function mutation (R102C) still permits thyroid tissue formation in humans, indicating FOXE1 is dispensable for organ initiation but required for proper differentiation.

    Evidence Patient sequencing with DNA-binding and reporter assays

    PMID:16882747

    Open questions at the time
    • Why this null allele spares thyroid tissue unexplained
    • Possible compensatory factors unidentified
  10. 2007 High

    Defined the central mechanistic insight that FOXE1 is a pioneer factor, binding compacted chromatin to open it and license NF-1 co-binding, explaining how it initiates thyroid gene activation.

    Evidence DNase I hypersensitivity in thyroid cells and in vitro H1-compacted nucleosome reconstitution with NF-1

    PMID:17709379

    Open questions at the time
    • Chromatin remodelers recruited not identified
    • Genome-wide pioneer activity not assessed
  11. 2007 Medium

    Showed the FOXE1 polyalanine tract length tunes transcriptional output independent of localization, linking a coding polymorphism to thyroid dysgenesis risk.

    Evidence Reporter assays comparing 14- vs 16-alanine constructs with case-control/TDT association

    PMID:17717707

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of alanine-tract effect not pinpointed (resolved later)
    • Direction of effect later refined
  12. 2009 High

    Demonstrated that non-coding regulatory variants modulate FOXE1 dosage by altering transcription factor recruitment, mechanistically connecting GWAS associations to FOXE1 expression in thyroid and cleft phenotypes.

    Evidence EMSA and reporter assays for the rs1867277 5'UTR variant (USF1/USF2, DREAM/CREB/CREM) and a cleft-associated UTR variant abolishing MYF-5 binding

    PMID:19192046 PMID:19730683

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo allelic expression effect in human tissue not directly measured
    • Cell-type specificity of factor recruitment incomplete
  13. 2009 Medium

    Extended the craniofacial role across species by showing foxe1 loss impairs cartilage development and chondrocyte gene expression in zebrafish.

    Evidence Morpholino knockdown with marker in situ hybridization and cartilage staining

    PMID:19488987

    Open questions at the time
    • Morpholino specificity not genetically confirmed
    • Direct vs indirect regulation of sox9a/runx2b unresolved
  14. 2010 High

    Identified the direct palatogenesis target genes by showing FOXE1 binds and activates MSX1 and TGF-β3, which are lost in Foxe1-null palatal shelves, mechanistically explaining the cleft phenotype.

    Evidence ChIP, promoter reporter assays, forkhead-domain mutagenesis, and Foxe1-null embryo RT-PCR

    PMID:21177256

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether pioneer activity operates at these promoters not tested
    • Cofactor requirements at MSX1/TGF-β3 unknown
  15. 2010 Medium

    Added a fourth disease allele (F137S via uniparental isodisomy) reinforcing that forkhead-domain integrity is essential for DNA binding and transactivation.

    Evidence Sequencing, structural modeling, and transcription assays

    PMID:20484477

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural model not experimentally validated
    • Single lab
  16. 2012 Medium

    Localized the polyalanine-tract functional defect to a step downstream of DNA binding, refining how this coding variant modulates transactivation.

    Evidence Reporter assays comparing 14- vs 16-alanine variants with parallel protein-expression and DNA-binding measurements

    PMID:22736773

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific cofactor or transactivation step affected unidentified
    • Apparent direction differs from earlier study without reconciliation
  17. 2013 High

    Broadened the direct thyroid target repertoire genome-wide, showing FOXE1 binds the NIS enhancer and Duox2 region (with NF-1 additivity) and regulates many genes, consolidating its master role in follicular differentiation.

    Evidence Genome-wide expression profiling after FoxE1 knockdown plus ChIP and luciferase reporter assays

    PMID:23675434

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect status of most knockdown-responsive genes unresolved
    • Genome-wide binding map not generated
  18. 2014 High

    Showed promoter CpG methylation silences FOXE1, adding an epigenetic layer that may explain tissue-restricted expression.

    Evidence Bisulfite sequencing and reporter assays with methylated/mutated CpG14/15 constructs

    PMID:24646064

    Open questions at the time
    • Enzymes establishing methylation not identified
    • In vivo methylation dynamics during development not traced
  19. 2015 High

    Resolved how a single non-coding enhancer SNP can drive opposite disease associations by showing allele-dependent enhancer activity and differential MYC/ARNT responsiveness in oral and thyroid tissue.

    Evidence Zebrafish/mouse transgenesis enhancer mapping with allele-specific reporter assays

    PMID:25652407

    Open questions at the time
    • Endogenous chromatin contacts to the FOXE1 promoter not mapped
    • Quantitative effect on native FOXE1 levels not measured
  20. 2015 Medium

    Linked FOXE1 to cancer by showing somatic forkhead-domain mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma impair transactivation, implicating loss of FOXE1 differentiation function in tumorigenesis.

    Evidence Tumor sequencing with transcription assays and structural modeling

    PMID:25950909

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream targets affected by these mutations not defined
    • Driver vs passenger status not established
  21. 2015 High

    Defined the TSH/cAMP and TGF-β/NO regulatory circuitry controlling FOXE1, establishing it as an integration point for opposing thyroid signals.

    Evidence Promoter CRE/SMAD mutagenesis, binding assays, siRNA of CREB/CREM/SMAD/Nkx2-1/Pax8 in PCCl3 cells, and NO/cGMP-PKG pharmacology in FRTL-5 cells

    PMID:26610751 PMID:30652527

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative hierarchy among inputs not established
    • Crosstalk with chromatin/methylation control not integrated
  22. 2016 High

    Identified ELK1 as a MEK-dependent FOXE1 partner co-regulating TERT and TPO, linking FOXE1 to telomerase control and MAPK signaling in thyroid cells.

    Evidence TF binding array, reciprocal co-IP, mammalian two-hybrid, ChIP in human thyroid tissue, reporter assays, siRNA, and MEK inhibition

    PMID:27852061

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the interaction is direct or bridged not fully resolved
    • Phosphorylation sites mediating MEK dependence unmapped
  23. 2016 High

    Demonstrated that FOXE1 dosage is critical for thyroid architecture, with overexpression causing hypothyroidism, hypoplasia, and benign nodular disease.

    Evidence Tg-Foxe1 transgenic mice with hormone measurement, histology, radiation, and Pten+/- crosses

    PMID:26982637

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mediators of dosage sensitivity not defined
    • Overexpression did not produce malignancy, leaving cancer role open
  24. 2017 Medium

    Connected FOXE1 to its bidirectional partner lncRNA PTCSC2 and the p53 pathway, adding a regulatory and tumor-suppressive dimension to the locus.

    Evidence PTCSC2-MYH9 RNA pull-down, bidirectional promoter reporter assays, and FOXE1 knockdown pathway profiling

    PMID:28049826

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking FOXE1 to p53 genes not defined
    • Single lab
  25. 2019 Medium

    Revealed a metabolic regulatory role by showing FOXE1 directly represses HK2 to suppress the Warburg effect in colorectal cancer.

    Evidence ChIP, reporter assays, FOXE1 gain/loss with metabolic readouts and xenografts

    PMID:31918722

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether repression uses the DNA-binding-independent mechanism unknown
    • Generalizability beyond colorectal context untested
  26. 2020 Medium

    Placed FOXE1 upstream of ZEB1 in an EMT program, providing a mechanism for FOXE1 influence on thyroid tumor migration and invasion.

    Evidence ChIP, ZEB1 reporter assays, sequential siRNA epistasis, and migration/invasion assays

    PMID:31846430

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs cooperative activation of ZEB1 not fully distinguished
    • Single lab
  27. 2020 Medium

    Showed FOXE1 dosage exerts pleiotropic effects on cancer histology and differentiation in a BRAF-driven model, clarifying its role in tumor phenotype rather than initiation.

    Evidence Genetic dosage epistasis in BRAFV600E mice with proliferation, apoptosis, and marker analysis

    PMID:33375029

    Open questions at the time
    • Target genes mediating histological shift not identified
    • Single lab
  28. 2021 Medium

    Linked FOXE1 to the tumor immune microenvironment by showing it drives chemokine expression and macrophage recruitment in a dosage-dependent manner.

    Evidence RNA-seq after FOXE1 expression, monocyte chemotaxis co-culture, and FOXE1+/- mouse cancer model with macrophage IHC

    PMID:34299284

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct chemokine promoter targets not all validated
    • Whether effect is thyroid-specific unknown
  29. 2022 High

    Established a continued adult requirement by showing inducible Foxe1 deletion disrupts thyroid architecture, lowers hormone output, and unexpectedly increases mast cells.

    Evidence Tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout with hormone, histology, and transcriptomic analyses

    PMID:36156081

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of mast cell accumulation unknown
    • Direct vs indirect basis of differentiation-gene loss not parsed
  30. 2023 Medium

    Defined a pro-inflammatory skin role, showing FOXE1 drives keratinocyte proliferation and cytokine production via ERK1/2 and WNT5A and promotes psoriasis-like dermatitis.

    Evidence FOXE1 gain/loss in keratinocytes, RNA-seq, WNT5A rescue, and imiquimod mouse model with shRNA/genetic deletion

    PMID:37394057

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether WNT5A is a direct FOXE1 target not shown
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How FOXE1 pioneer activity is mechanistically coupled to specific chromatin remodelers, post-translational modifications, and its switch between activation and repression across tissues remains unresolved.
  • No identified remodeling complex recruited by FOXE1
  • Phosphorylation sites and their regulatory roles unmapped
  • Determinants selecting activator vs repressor mode unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5 GO:0140097 catalytic activity, acting on DNA 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2
Partners
CREBCTFELK1MYF5MYH9NF1USF1USF2

Evidence

Reading pass · 35 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1997 TTF-2 (FOXE1) is a forkhead domain-containing transcription factor that binds to sites on both thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroperoxidase (TPO) promoters. Its expression is transient in the developing thyroid and is down-regulated just before the onset of Tg and TPO gene expression, suggesting it acts as a negative controller of thyroid-specific gene expression during development. cDNA cloning, DNA binding assays, expression analysis by in situ hybridization in mouse embryos The EMBO journal High 9214635
1997 TTF-2 (FOXE1) mRNA levels are under transcriptional control by TSH (via cAMP), insulin, and IGF-I in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. TSH and insulin effects are additive, require ongoing protein synthesis, and increase TTF-2 transcription rates as demonstrated by run-off assays. Northern blot, nuclear run-off transcription assays, dose-response experiments in FRTL-5 thyroid cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 9287345
1998 A homozygous missense mutation (Ala65Val) within the FOXE1 forkhead domain causes thyroid agenesis, cleft palate, and choanal atresia. The mutant protein exhibits impaired DNA binding and loss of transcriptional function. Patient sequencing, in vitro DNA binding assays, transcriptional reporter assays with mutant protein Nature genetics High 9697705
1999 TTF-2 (FOXE1) physically interacts with CTF/NF-1 proteins (specifically CTF/NF1-C, which is itself TSH-, cAMP-, and insulin-inducible) via GST pull-down. This interaction enhances hormone-induced TPO gene expression; spacing between the two transcription factor binding sites is critical for promoter activity and hormonal response. GST pull-down assays, transfection experiments, protein-DNA interaction studies, spacing mutagenesis of TPO promoter The Journal of biological chemistry High 10329730
2000 TTF-2 (FOXE1) acts as a promoter-specific transcriptional repressor of TTF-1 and Pax-8 activity through a DNA-binding-independent mechanism. The minimal repressor domain was identified as an independent functional domain that interferes with a specific cofactor required for TTF-1 and Pax-8 activity. Transcriptional reporter assays, deletion mutagenesis to map repressor domain, co-transfection experiments Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 10944465
2002 A second homozygous missense mutation in TTF-2/FOXE1 (Ser57Asn in the forkhead DNA binding domain) causes congenital hypothyroidism, athyreosis, and cleft palate. The S57N mutant protein shows impaired DNA binding and partial loss of transcriptional function, correlating with a less severe phenotype than the A65V mutation. Patient sequencing, in vitro DNA binding assays, transcriptional reporter assays Human molecular genetics High 12165566
2002 TTF-2/FOXE1 protein is phosphorylated in vivo and is expressed in multiple endoderm-derived structures during mouse embryogenesis (tongue, palate, epiglottis, pharynx, oesophagus, choanae) and ectodermal structures (whiskers), consistent with the full phenotypic spectrum of Bamforth syndrome. Detailed immunohistochemistry of mouse embryos at multiple developmental stages, phosphorylation detection Developmental dynamics Medium 12203737
2004 FOXE1 is a direct transcriptional target of GLI2 in the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in human epidermis. A 2.5 kb upstream fragment containing five GLI-binding sites activates FOXE1 transcription in a reporter assay, with induction kinetics similar to the known direct GLI2 target PTCH. Reporter assays with GLI-binding site-containing FOXE1 upstream fragment, in situ hybridization, kinetic expression analysis The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 15140221
2004 Foxe1 is required for hair follicle morphogenesis downstream of the Shh/Gli pathway. In Foxe1-null mice, hair follicles are disoriented and misaligned. Dominant-negative Gli2 suppresses Foxe1 expression in hair follicles, and transcriptionally active Gli2 stimulates the Foxe1 promoter. Foxe1-null mouse analysis, dominant-negative Gli2 transgenic mice, Foxe1 promoter reporter assays, immunohistochemistry, lineage marker expression analysis Human molecular genetics High 15367491
2006 A third homozygous missense mutation in FOXE1 (R102C, within the forkhead DNA binding domain) causes loss of DNA binding and transcriptional inactivity but does not prevent thyroid tissue formation, indicating that human thyroid development can occur despite loss of TTF-2/FOXE1 function. Patient sequencing, in vitro DNA binding assay, transcriptional reporter assays The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism High 16882747
2007 FoxE1 acts as a pioneer transcription factor: it binds to the compacted chromatin of the inactive TPO promoter upon hormone induction, creates a local exposed chromatin domain on H1-compacted nucleosome arrays even when its binding site is nucleosome-protected, and enables NF-1 to bind simultaneously with an additive effect on chromatin remodeling. Chromatin DNase I hypersensitivity assay in thyroid cells, in vitro nucleosome binding assays, in vitro H1-compacted chromatin assays, cotransfection/binding with NF-1 Molecular and cellular biology High 17709379
2007 The FOXE1 polyalanine tract length modulates transcriptional activity: constructs with 16 alanines show 1.55-fold higher transcriptional activity than those with 14 alanines, while nuclear localization is not affected. The 16/16 genotype is associated with protection against thyroid dysgenesis. Transcriptional reporter assays with FOXE1 constructs containing 14 or 16 alanines, nuclear localization assessment, case-control and TDT association study Human genetics Medium 17717707
2009 The FOXE1 5' UTR variant rs1867277 (NM_004473.3:c.-283G>A) differentially recruits transcription factors: the A allele exclusively recruits USF1/USF2, while both alleles form a complex with DREAM/CREB/αCREM. Transfection studies show allele-dependent transcriptional regulation of FOXE1. DNA-binding (EMSA) assays, transfection reporter assays, candidate gene association study in Spanish and Italian cohorts PLoS genetics High 19730683
2009 In non-syndromic cleft palate patients, a C→G polymorphism in the 5'-UTR of FOXE1 falls within a MYF-5 consensus binding motif and abolishes MYF-5 binding (demonstrated by EMSA), resulting in significantly reduced FOXE1 mRNA expression. DNA sequencing, EMSA/band-shift assays, oligonucleotide competition, real-time PCR Journal of oral pathology & medicine Medium 19192046
2009 In zebrafish, foxe1 loss-of-function (morpholino knockdown) causes abnormal craniofacial development with shortening of Meckel's cartilage and ceratohyals, suppressed chondrocytic proliferation, and reduced expression of sox9a, colIIa1, and runx2b at 2 dpf, while upregulating fgfr2 in branchial arches. Neural crest migration and pharyngeal arch specification are unaffected. Morpholino antisense knockdown in zebrafish, in situ hybridization for marker genes, cartilage staining Journal of experimental zoology. Part B Medium 19488987
2010 FOXE1 directly transactivates MSX1 and TGF-β3 promoters by binding to specific motifs, as demonstrated by ChIP and promoter reporter assays. Forkhead-domain mutations (but not polyalanine stretch polymorphisms) abolish this activity. In Foxe1-null mouse embryos (E14), Tgf-β3 and Msx1 mRNAs are nearly absent in palatal shelves, establishing these as direct FOXE1 targets required for palatogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), promoter reporter (transactivation) assays, Foxe1-null mouse embryo analysis by RT-PCR, mutagenesis of forkhead domain Human molecular genetics High 21177256
2010 A fourth homozygous FOXE1 missense mutation (F137S, caused by maternal isodisomy of chromosome 9) abolishes DNA binding and transcriptional activity as predicted by structural modeling and confirmed by transfection assays. Sequencing, microsatellite marker analysis, MLPA, structural modeling, transfection transcriptional assays The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Medium 20484477
2012 FOXE1 polyalanine tract length affects transcriptional function: in vitro studies show FOXE1(16Ala) is transcriptionally impaired compared to FOXE1(14Ala), without differences in protein expression or DNA binding, suggesting the alanine tract modulates a step after DNA binding (e.g., cofactor interaction or transactivation). In vitro transcriptional reporter assays, protein expression analysis, DNA binding assays comparing different polyalanine tract length variants The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Medium 22736773
2013 FoxE1 directly binds the NIS (Nis) upstream enhancer and the Duox2 regulatory region in thyroid cells (demonstrated by ChIP), with simultaneous binding of FoxE1 and NF1/CTF to the Nis enhancer having an additive functional effect on Nis promoter activation. Genome-wide expression screening after FoxE1 knockdown identified multiple regulated targets including Adamts9, Cdh1, Duox2, S100a4 (upregulated) and Casp4, Creld2, Dusp5, Etv5, Hsp5a, Nr4a2, Tm4sf1 (downregulated). Genome-wide expression screening after FoxE1 knockdown, ChIP assay, in silico promoter analysis, luciferase reporter assays PloS one High 23675434
2014 Methylation of two consecutive CpG dinucleotides (CpG14 and CpG15) in the FOXE1 promoter (-1600 to -1140 from TSS) is significantly higher in leukocytes than in thyroid tissue, and this methylation reduces FOXE1 promoter activity in luciferase assays. Preventing methylation of these sites by mutation restores promoter activity. Genome-wide methylation array, bisulfite sequencing, luciferase reporter assays with methylated and unmethylated FOXE1 promoter constructs, site-directed mutagenesis of CpG sites The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism High 24646064
2015 A non-coding SNP (rs7850258) within a -67.7 kb FOXE1 enhancer element active in oral epithelium and developing thyroid alters enhancer activity in an allele-dependent manner: the G allele (associated with CLP and hypothyroidism) has significantly greater enhancer activity than the A allele (associated with thyroid cancer). The element is more responsive to MYC and ARNT with the G allele, as predicted by transcription factor binding differences. Zebrafish and mouse transgenesis to identify enhancers, quantitative reporter assays in oral epithelial and thyroid cell lines comparing both alleles, transcription factor binding prediction Human molecular genetics High 25652407
2015 FOXE1 somatic mutations in papillary thyroid cancer (P54Q, K95Q, L112F in PTC; G140R in MNG) within the forkhead domain result in marked impairment of transcriptional activation without affecting protein expression, as demonstrated by in vitro functional assays and molecular modeling. Sequencing of 120 PTC and 110 MNG samples, in vitro transcriptional activation assays, FOXE1 forkhead domain structural modeling Thyroid Medium 25950909
2015 FOXE1 germline variant p.A248G promotes cell proliferation and migration in rat normal thyroid cells (PCCL3) and human PTC cell line (TPC-1), suggesting a gain-of-function or altered function in thyroid tumorigenesis. Stable expression of wild-type and p.A248G mutant FOXE1 in thyroid cell lines, proliferation and migration assays Endocrine Low 25381600
2015 FOXE1 expression is regulated by TSH/cAMP via CREB and CREM binding to CRE sites in the Foxe1 promoter, and by TGF-β via SMAD proteins that inhibit TSH-induced Foxe1 expression. Foxe1 is also regulated by Nkx2-1, Pax8, and by itself (autoregulation), establishing a complex transcriptional network for Foxe1 control in thyroid follicular cells. Promoter cloning, site-directed mutagenesis of CRE and SMAD binding sites, protein/DNA binding assays, siRNA gene silencing of CREB/CREM/Smad/Nkx2-1/Pax8, reporter assays in PCCl3 thyroid cells Thyroid High 30652527
2015 Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits TSH-stimulated TPO expression by repressing FoxE1 expression through a cGMP-dependent protein kinase-mediated pathway. The FoxE1 binding site Z in the TPO promoter mediates the NO-inhibited TPO expression. NO donor treatment of FRTL-5 thyroid cells, cGMP-PKG pathway inhibitor studies, promoter binding site mutation analysis, FoxE1 expression measurement Molecular and cellular endocrinology Medium 26610751
2016 FOXE1 physically interacts with ELK1 (identified in a transcription factor binding array, confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assay). In thyroid tissue, endogenous FOXE1 and ELK1 bind the TERT and TPO promoters in close proximity (ChIP assay). FOXE1 positively regulates TERT expression in a manner dependent on its association with ELK1; MEK inhibition (U0126) disrupts the FOXE1-ELK1 interaction and reduces TERT and TPO promoter activity. Transcription factor binding array, co-immunoprecipitation, mammalian two-hybrid assay, ChIP in human thyroid tissue, EMSA, TERT promoter reporter assays, siRNA silencing, MEK inhibitor treatment Oncotarget High 27852061
2016 Foxe1 overexpression in mouse thyroid (under thyroglobulin promoter) causes early severe hypothyroidism and thyroid hypoplasia, then multinodular goiter with macrofollicular-papilloid benign nodules in adult mice. Combined with radiation or Pten haploinsufficiency, Foxe1 overexpression promotes hyperplastic but not malignant nodule formation, indicating proper Foxe1 dosage is essential for normal thyroid structure and function. Transgenic mouse model (Tg-Foxe1), thyroid hormone measurement, histological analysis, radiation exposure experiments, crossing with Pten+/- mice Endocrinology High 26982637
2017 PTCSC2 lncRNA binds MYH9 (myosin-9) protein. In a bidirectional promoter shared by FOXE1 and PTCSC2, MYH9 inhibits promoter activity in both directions; PTCSC2 reverses this inhibition. RNA knockdown of FOXE1 in primary thyroid cells profoundly interferes with the p53 pathway. RNA pull-down/binding assay (PTCSC2-MYH9 interaction), bidirectional promoter reporter assays, siRNA knockdown of FOXE1 with pathway gene expression analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Medium 28049826
2019 FOXE1 directly binds the HK2 promoter and negatively regulates HK2 transcription, thereby suppressing the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) in colorectal cancer cells. Silencing FOXE1 enhances glucose consumption and lactate production, while enforced FOXE1 expression has opposite effects. ChIP assay showing FOXE1 binding to HK2 promoter, luciferase reporter assays, FOXE1 knockdown/overexpression with metabolic measurements, in vivo xenograft Cell communication and signaling Medium 31918722
2020 FOXE1 directly interacts with the ZEB1 promoter (confirmed by ChIP) and positively regulates ZEB1 transcriptional activity. Loss of FOXE1 decreases ZEB1 expression, while FOXE1 overexpression increases ZEB1 activity. ZEB1 silencing reduces thyroid tumor cell migration and invasion, placing FOXE1 upstream of ZEB1 in an EMT regulatory pathway. ChIP assay, gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, ZEB1 reporter assays, migration/invasion assays, siRNA silencing of ZEB1 and FOXE1 Endocrine-related cancer Medium 31846430
2020 Reducing FOXE1 gene dosage (FOXE1+/- background) in a BRAFV600E-inducible thyroid cancer mouse model changes cancer histology: FOXE1+/+ cancers resemble high-grade papillary thyroid carcinomas while FOXE1+/- cancers are morphologically less malignant but more severely undifferentiated, with reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis. FOXE1 dosage thus exerts pleiotropic effects on thyroid cancer histology and differentiation markers. Genetic epistasis in compound transgenic mouse model, histological analysis, proliferation index (Ki67), apoptosis assay, immunohistochemistry for differentiation markers International journal of molecular sciences Medium 33375029
2021 FOXE1 expression in thyroid cells (that do not endogenously express FOXE1) upregulates multiple chemokines involved in macrophage recruitment. FOXE1-expressing cells induce chemotaxis of co-cultured monocytes. In a mouse thyroid cancer model, FOXE1 dosage directly correlates with expression of the same chemokine set, and pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophage infiltration is decreased in tumors with reduced FOXE1. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) after FOXE1 expression in FOXE1-negative cells, monocyte chemotaxis co-culture assay, in vivo mouse cancer model with FOXE1+/- background, immunohistochemistry for macrophage markers International journal of molecular sciences Medium 34299284
2022 Tamoxifen-inducible ubiquitous deletion of Foxe1 in adult mice causes disrupted thyroid follicular architecture, elevated TSH, reduced T4, decreased Tpo and Tg expression, and an unexpected increase in thyroidal mast cells (marked by Mcpt4 and Ctsg), confirming Foxe1's role in maintenance of thyroid differentiation in adults. Conditional knockout mouse model (Cre-lox/tamoxifen inducible), hormone measurements, histology, immunohistochemistry, microarray and RNA-seq transcriptomics, RT-qPCR validation Endocrinology High 36156081
2023 FOXE1 promotes keratinocyte proliferation by facilitating G1/S transition and activating ERK1/2 signaling, and upregulates the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. RNA-seq identifies WNT5A as a downstream effector; WNT5A knockdown inhibits FOXE1-driven keratinocyte proliferation and cytokine production. In vivo, FOXE1 depletion by shRNA or genetic deletion ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Knockdown and overexpression of FOXE1 in keratinocytes, RNA-seq, cell cycle analysis, ERK1/2 phosphorylation assay, WNT5A siRNA rescue experiment, imiquimod mouse model with lentiviral shRNA or genetic FOXE1 deletion The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 37394057
2011 HR (Hairless) transcriptional cofactor suppresses Foxe1 mRNA expression in skin; Foxe1 downregulation in turn reduces Msx1 expression in hair follicles, placing HR upstream of Foxe1 and Msx1 in a hair follicle regulatory cascade. Sfrp1 expression also correlates with Foxe1 levels. Expression analysis in HR-overexpressing mouse skin and keratinocytes, correlation of Foxe1 and downstream target gene expression BMB reports Low 21777520

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 Mutation of the gene encoding human TTF-2 associated with thyroid agenesis, cleft palate and choanal atresia. Nature genetics 301 9697705
1997 TTF-2, a new forkhead protein, shows a temporal expression in the developing thyroid which is consistent with a role in controlling the onset of differentiation. The EMBO journal 219 9214635
2007 Diagnostic utility of thyroid transcription factors Pax8 and TTF-2 (FoxE1) in thyroid epithelial neoplasms. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 204 18084247
2011 Variants near FOXE1 are associated with hypothyroidism and other thyroid conditions: using electronic medical records for genome- and phenome-wide studies. American journal of human genetics 201 21981779
2009 The variant rs1867277 in FOXE1 gene confers thyroid cancer susceptibility through the recruitment of USF1/USF2 transcription factors. PLoS genetics 132 19730683
2010 The FOXE1 locus is a major genetic determinant for radiation-related thyroid carcinoma in Chernobyl. Human molecular genetics 131 20350937
2009 FOXE1 association with both isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and isolated cleft palate. Human molecular genetics 131 19779022
2002 A novel loss-of-function mutation in TTF-2 is associated with congenital hypothyroidism, thyroid agenesis and cleft palate. Human molecular genetics 114 12165566
2015 Genetic predisposition to papillary thyroid carcinoma: involvement of FOXE1, TSHR, and a novel lincRNA gene, PTCSC2. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 86 25303483
2017 MYH9 binds to lncRNA gene PTCSC2 and regulates FOXE1 in the 9q22 thyroid cancer risk locus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 80 28049826
2004 FOXE1, a new transcriptional target of GLI2 is expressed in human epidermis and basal cell carcinoma. The Journal of investigative dermatology 79 15140221
2002 Distribution of the titf2/foxe1 gene product is consistent with an important role in the development of foregut endoderm, palate, and hair. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 79 12203737
2011 The FOXE1 and NKX2-1 loci are associated with susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Japanese population. Journal of medical genetics 72 21730105
2007 The forkhead factor FoxE1 binds to the thyroperoxidase promoter during thyroid cell differentiation and modifies compacted chromatin structure. Molecular and cellular biology 68 17709379
1997 Transcriptional control of the forkhead thyroid transcription factor TTF-2 by thyrotropin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 9287345
2014 Identification of a novel germline FOXE1 variant in patients with familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC). Endocrine 55 25381600
2007 Polymorphic length of FOXE1 alanine stretch: evidence for genetic susceptibility to thyroid dysgenesis. Human genetics 54 17717707
1997 FKHL15, a new human member of the forkhead gene family located on chromosome 9q22. Genomics 54 9169137
2004 Requirement of the forkhead gene Foxe1, a target of sonic hedgehog signaling, in hair follicle morphogenesis. Human molecular genetics 53 15367491
2013 Contribution of ATM and FOXE1 (TTF2) to risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma in Belarusian children exposed to radiation. International journal of cancer 52 24105688
2013 New insights into FoxE1 functions: identification of direct FoxE1 targets in thyroid cells. PloS one 50 23675434
2000 The thyroid transcription factor 2 (TTF-2) is a promoter-specific DNA-binding independent transcriptional repressor. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 50 10944465
2012 Association of FOXE1 polyalanine repeat region with papillary thyroid cancer. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 49 22736773
1999 Cloning, chromosomal localization and identification of polymorphisms in the human thyroid transcription factor 2 gene (TITF2). Biochimie 49 10403172
2014 Strong association of variants around FOXE1 and orofacial clefting. Journal of dental research 48 24563486
2012 FOXE1 polymorphisms are associated with familial and sporadic nonmedullary thyroid cancer susceptibility. Clinical endocrinology 48 22882326
2006 A novel missense mutation in human TTF-2 (FKHL15) gene associated with congenital hypothyroidism but not athyreosis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 45 16882747
2019 MicroRNA-524-5p suppresses the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells via targeting on FOXE1 and ITGA3 in cell autophagy and cycling pathways. Journal of cellular physiology 44 30941771
2010 MSX1 and TGF-beta3 are novel target genes functionally regulated by FOXE1. Human molecular genetics 43 21177256
1999 The interaction between the forkhead thyroid transcription factor TTF-2 and the constitutive factor CTF/NF-1 is required for efficient hormonal regulation of the thyroperoxidase gene transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 10329730
2010 Spectrum of Human Foxe1/TTF2 Mutations. Hormone research in paediatrics 41 20453517
2011 Variation in FGF1, FOXE1, and TIMP2 genes is associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology 39 21462296
2009 FOXE1 is a target for aberrant methylation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The British journal of dermatology 39 19845668
2015 A single nucleotide polymorphism associated with isolated cleft lip and palate, thyroid cancer and hypothyroidism alters the activity of an oral epithelium and thyroid enhancer near FOXE1. Human molecular genetics 37 25652407
2013 The FOXE1 locus is a major genetic determinant for familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. International journal of cancer 37 24127282
2014 FOXE1 and SYNE1 genes hypermethylation panel as promising biomarker in colitis-associated colorectal neoplasia. Inflammatory bowel diseases 32 24280874
2013 Patterns of FOXE1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 32 23327367
2020 FOXE1 represses cell proliferation and Warburg effect by inhibiting HK2 in colorectal cancer. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 29 31918722
2009 Forkhead transcription factor foxe1 regulates chondrogenesis in zebrafish. Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution 28 19488987
2010 Genetic investigation of FOXE1 polyalanine tract in thyroid diseases: new insight on the role of FOXE1 in thyroid carcinoma. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 27 21896990
2014 Relationships of FOXE1 and ATM genetic polymorphisms with papillary thyroid carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 26 24756757
2020 FOXE1 regulates migration and invasion in thyroid cancer cells and targets ZEB1. Endocrine-related cancer 24 31846430
2007 TTF-2/FOXE1 gene polymorphisms in Sicilian patients with permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism. Journal of endocrinological investigation 24 17318017
2010 Maternal isodisomy for chromosome 9 causing homozygosity for a novel FOXE1 mutation in syndromic congenital hypothyroidism. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 22 20484477
2017 Next-generation sequencing of NKX2.1, FOXE1, PAX8, NKX2.5, and TSHR in 100 Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism and athyreosis. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 21 28455095
2019 FOXE1 supports the tumor promotion of Gli2 on papillary thyroid carcinoma by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Journal of cellular physiology 20 30793770
2019 FOXE1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid cancer by regulating PDGFA. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 20 31129275
2014 Quantitative assessment of common genetic variants on FOXE1 and differentiated thyroid cancer risk. PloS one 20 24489898
2015 Nitric oxide-repressed Forkhead factor FoxE1 expression is involved in the inhibition of TSH-induced thyroid peroxidase levels. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 19 26610751
2004 Genetic analysis of TTF-2 gene in children with congenital hypothyroidism and cleft palate, congenital hypothyroidism, or isolated cleft palate. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 19 15320969
2016 The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum FoxE2 Gene Is Required for Apothecial Development. Phytopathology 18 26756829
2023 FOXE1 Contributes to the Development of Psoriasis by Regulating WNT5A. The Journal of investigative dermatology 17 37394057
2019 Regulation of Foxe1 by Thyrotropin and Transforming Growth Factor Beta Depends on the Interplay Between Thyroid-Specific, CREB and SMAD Transcription Factors. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 17 30652527
2013 Expression and clinical significance of FOXE1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Molecular medicine reports 17 23715628
2016 Thyroid transcription factor FOXE1 interacts with ETS factor ELK1 to co-regulate TERT. Oncotarget 16 27852061
2014 Role for tissue-dependent methylation differences in the expression of FOXE1 in nontumoral thyroid glands. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 16 24646064
2014 Common genetic variants on FOXE1 contributes to thyroid cancer susceptibility: evidence based on 16 studies. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 15 24744143
2009 Altered binding of MYF-5 to FOXE1 promoter in non-syndromic and CHARGE-associated cleft palate. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 14 19192046
2015 The investigation of foxe1 variations in papillary thyroid carcinoma. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 13 26722557
2020 FOXE1 Gene Dosage Affects Thyroid Cancer Histology and Differentiation In Vivo. International journal of molecular sciences 12 33375029
2016 Targeted Foxe1 Overexpression in Mouse Thyroid Causes the Development of Multinodular Goiter But Does Not Promote Carcinogenesis. Endocrinology 12 26982637
2016 Genotype Analyses in the Japanese and Belarusian Populations Reveal Independent Effects of rs965513 and rs1867277 but Do Not Support the Role of FOXE1 Polyalanine Tract Length in Conferring Risk for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 12 27824288
2015 Somatic Mutations of FOXE1 in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 12 25950909
2018 Exploration of the association between FOXE1 gene polymorphism and differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC medical genetics 11 29788924
2015 Association between FOXE1 and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in a northeastern Chinese population. The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery 11 26100861
2012 Overexpression of mouse TTF-2 gene causes cleft palate. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 11 22304410
2020 MiRNA-802 inhibits the metastasis of colorectal cancer by targeting FOXE1. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 10 32141546
2004 TTF-2 stimulates expression of 17 genes, including one novel thyroid-specific gene which might be involved in thyroid development. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 10 15223130
2016 Genetic variation of FOXE1 and risk for orofacial clefts in a California population. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 9 27604706
2005 Xenopus laevis FoxE1 is primarily expressed in the developing pituitary and thyroid. The International journal of developmental biology 9 16172985
2016 FOXE1 Polymorphism Interacts with Dietary Iodine Intake in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk in the Cuban Population. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 8 27610545
2016 Profiling analysis of FOX gene family members identified FOXE1 as potential regulator of NSCLC development. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) 8 27755953
2011 Downregulation of Foxe1 by HR suppresses Msx1 expression in the hair follicles of Hr(Hp) mice. BMB reports 8 21777520
2009 Investigation into FOXE1 genetic variations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The British journal of dermatology 8 19930442
1998 TTF-2 does not appear to be a key mediator of the effect of cyclic AMP on thyroglobulin gene transcription in primary cultured dog thyrocytes. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 8 9446794
2022 Foxe1 Deletion in the Adult Mouse Is Associated With Increased Thyroidal Mast Cells and Hypothyroidism. Endocrinology 7 36156081
2009 Theoretical study of the zero-gap organic conductor α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3. Science and technology of advanced materials 7 27877282
2024 Identification of Germline FOXE1 and Somatic MAPK Pathway Gene Alterations in Patients with Malignant Struma Ovarii, Cleft Palate and Thyroid Cancer. International journal of molecular sciences 6 38396644
2022 The Effect of LL37 Antimicrobial Peptide on FOXE1 and lncRNA PTCSC 2 Genes Expression in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and Normal Cells. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 6 36308369
2021 Hsa-miR-330-5p Aggravates Thyroid Carcinoma via Targeting FOXE1. Journal of oncology 6 34306074
2017 Understanding room-temperature π-dimerisation of radical ions: intramolecular π-[TTF]22+ in functionalised calix[4]arenes. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 6 28102383
2017 Replication confirms the association of loci in FOXE1, PDE8B, CAPZB and PDE10A with thyroid traits: a Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside study (GoDARTS). Pharmacogenetics and genomics 6 28727628
2017 FOXE1 Mutation Screening in a Case with Cleft Lip, Hypothyroidism, and Thyroid Carcinoma: A New Syndrome? Case reports in genetics 6 28928994
2017 Does the Polymorphism in the Length of the Polyalanine Tract of FOXE1 Gene Influence the Risk of Thyroid Dysgenesis Occurrence? Journal of thyroid research 6 29479488
2006 FOXE1 gene mutation screening by multiplex PCR/DHPLC in CHARGE syndrome and syndromic and non-syndromic cleft palate. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 6 16584930
2021 YY1-induced up-regulation of FOXE1 is negatively regulated by miR-129-5p and contributes to the progression of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Pathology, research and practice 5 33798911
2021 Genetic predisposition of SNPs in miRNA-149 (rs2292832) and FOXE1 (rs3758249) in thyroid Cancer. Molecular biology reports 5 34643920
2016 Association of FOXE1 polyalanine repeat region with thyroid cancer is dependent on tumour size. Clinical endocrinology 5 27474100
2009 Characterization of mutations in the FOXE1 gene in a cohort of unrelated Malaysian patients with congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid dysgenesis. Biochemical genetics 5 20094846
2023 Disruption of the foxe1 gene in zebrafish reveals conserved functions in development of the craniofacial skeleton and the thyroid. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 4 36994096
2021 Further Evidence That Defects in Main Thyroid Dysgenesis-Related Genes Are an Uncommon Etiology for Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism in Mexican Patients: Report of Rare Variants in FOXE1, NKX2-5 and TSHR. Children (Basel, Switzerland) 4 34070861
2015 TITF1 and TITF2 loci variants indicate significant associations with thyroid cancer. Endocrine 4 26206751
2011 Accelerated evolution of 3'avian FOXE1 genes, and thyroid and feather specific expression of chicken FoxE1. BMC evolutionary biology 4 21999483
2024 FOXE1 Gene is a Probable Tumor Suppressor Gene with Decreased Expression as Papillary Thyroid Cancers Grow, and is Absent in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers. Biochemical genetics 2 38296906
2022 A new FOXE1 homozygous frameshift variant expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome. European journal of medical genetics 2 35963604
2022 Immunohistochemical Evaluation of BARX1, DLX4, FOXE1, HOXB3, and MSX2 in Nonsyndromic Cleft Affected Tissue. Acta medica Lituanica 2 37733420
2021 FOXE1-Dependent Regulation of Macrophage Chemotaxis by Thyroid Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. International journal of molecular sciences 2 34299284
2021 FOXE1 polymorphism rs965513 predisposes to thyroid cancer in a European cohort. Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) 2 37435181
2020 Network-Based Analysis Reveals Association of FOXE1 Gene Polymorphisms in Thyroid Cancer Patients; A Case-Control Study in Southeast of Iran. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 2 32986379
2018 Association of SNP rs1867277 in FOXE1 Gene and Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in a Han Chinese Population. Fetal and pediatric pathology 2 29509083

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