Affinage

FGA

Fibrinogen alpha chain · UniProt P02671

Length
866 aa
Mass
95.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
81 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FGA encodes the fibrinogen Aα-chain, a hepatocyte-synthesized, secreted subunit that is essential for production of circulating functional fibrinogen (PMID:9916133, PMID:24553182, PMID:25163824). The locus is required for fibrinogen synthesis: homozygous deletion of FGA, and targeted frameshift mutagenesis of zebrafish fga, both eliminate plasma fibrinogen and cause a bleeding phenotype (PMID:9916133, PMID:24553182), while lentiviral re-expression of the Aα-chain in deficient patient hepatocytes restores functional fibrinogen, establishing the hepatocyte as the synthetic source (PMID:25163824). Transcription is driven by a hepatocyte enhancer (PFE2) located between FGA and FGG and is modulated at the chromatin level by HDAC2, which controls H3K9 acetylation at the FGA promoter (PMID:22836734, PMID:40605115); promoter polymorphisms further tune transcriptional output (PMID:16362348). The major mechanism of congenital afibrinogenemia is truncating mutations — large deletions, splice-site mutations activating cryptic donor sites or causing exon skipping, and initiation-codon loss — that yield no mature Aα-chain through nonsense-mediated decay or assembly/secretion failure (PMID:10602365, PMID:11238133, PMID:12406899, PMID:22639050, PMID:34905618). The ordered removal of FGA introns dictates whether a donor-site mutation causes exon skipping versus cryptic-site use (PMID:12406899). Distinct missense and in-frame variants produce dysfibrinogenemia or hypodysfibrinogenemia: N-terminal truncation impairs fibrinopeptide A release and fibrin polymerization (PMID:27555433), Arg104Cys reduces secretion of the variant chain into plasma (PMID:29299315), and C-terminal αC-domain variants (E540V, R554L) increase amyloidogenic propensity in vitro (PMID:27126074). A knock-in mouse with ~10% residual fibrinogen retains hemostasis but loses venous thrombosis, dissociating the threshold requirements for the two processes (PMID:34905618). Beyond coagulation, FGA acts in cell signaling and tissue contexts: it promotes angiogenesis through a VEGFA→VEGFR2→FAK axis in endometrial stromal cells (PMID:35498401), suppresses tumor invasion and EMT by transcriptionally repressing ITGA5 and restraining FAK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling while inducing autophagic death (PMID:35257941, PMID:39227068), and supports granulosa cell proliferation and survival by upregulating PCNA/CCNE1 and suppressing Caspase3/9 (PMID:40605115).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Established that the FGA locus is genetically required for fibrinogen production, defining loss of the Aα-chain as a cause of human afibrinogenemia.

    Evidence Southern blotting and haplotype analysis identifying a homozygous ~11 kb FGA deletion in patients, with junction sequencing revealing a 7 bp direct-repeat-mediated illegitimate recombination

    PMID:10602365 PMID:9916133

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address how partial or truncating lesions are processed at the mRNA/protein level
    • No mechanism for the residual hemostatic consequences in heterozygotes
  2. 2002 High

    Defined the molecular basis by which splice-site mutations cause afibrinogenemia, showing that the order of intron removal dictates exon skipping versus cryptic-site use or intron retention.

    Evidence Minigene transfection in COS-7/CHO cells with RT-PCR of aberrant transcripts for IVS4+1 G>T, IVS3delGTAA and other variants

    PMID:11238133 PMID:12406899 PMID:22639050

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not quantify the contribution of NMD versus protein truncation for each transcript
    • Splicing assays in heterologous cell lines may not fully recapitulate hepatocyte splicing
  3. 2010 Medium

    Distinguished assembly/secretion failure from transcript loss as a cause of fibrinogen deficiency by showing truncated and missense Aα-chains can be expressed yet poorly secreted.

    Evidence Co-expression of mutant Aα with wild-type Bβ and γ chains in COS-7 cells (Q240X) and TOF-MS quantification of plasma chain ratios (Arg104Cys)

    PMID:20051841 PMID:29299315

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of intracellular retention or degradation not resolved
    • Single-lab in vitro reconstitution for the secretion defect
  4. 2012 Medium

    Identified the cis-regulatory architecture controlling FGA expression, locating a hepatocyte-specific enhancer and demonstrating transcription-modulating promoter polymorphisms.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter assays in hepatoma cells and transgenic zebrafish enhancer assays for PFE2; reporter assays for -1051G/-3A/TaqI promoter alleles

    PMID:16362348 PMID:22836734

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcription factors binding PFE2 not identified
    • Discordance between in vitro transcription gain and in vivo plasma fibrinogen implicates uncharacterized post-transcriptional control
  5. 2013 Medium

    Tested whether FGA mRNA abundance limits fibrinogen output, finding FGA is not rate-limiting whereas FGG is.

    Evidence Parallel siRNA knockdown of FGA, FGB, FGG in HepG2 cells with qRT-PCR and ELISA for secreted fibrinogen

    PMID:23414568

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the step that becomes limiting when FGA is reduced
    • Single cell-line context
  6. 2014 High

    Confirmed in vivo that FGA is essential for circulating fibrinogen and that hepatocytes are the productive cell type, providing a gene-rescue proof of principle.

    Evidence Zinc finger nuclease frameshift mutagenesis in zebrafish with plasma fibrinogen and bleeding phenotyping; lentiviral FGA rescue of patient hepatocytes with functional fibrinogen assay

    PMID:24553182 PMID:25163824

    Open questions at the time
    • Rescue performed in vitro only
    • Extrahepatic contributions not quantified
  7. 2016 High

    Linked specific FGA variant classes to dysfunction beyond deficiency: N-terminal truncation impairing fibrin polymerization and C-terminal αC variants driving amyloidogenicity.

    Evidence Minigene splicing, HPLC fibrinopeptide release, turbidity and SEM clot analysis (fibrinogen Shanghai); in vitro aggregation assays with AFM on FGA(496-581) E540V/R554L peptides

    PMID:27126074 PMID:27555433

    Open questions at the time
    • Amyloidogenicity shown for isolated peptides, not full-length plasma fibrinogen in vivo
    • Structural basis of impaired fibrinopeptide A release not resolved
  8. 2022 High

    Dissociated the fibrinogen thresholds for hemostasis versus thrombosis using a low-fibrinogen mouse model, and defined NMD as the mechanism reducing transcript from a premature termination codon.

    Evidence Fga270 knock-in mouse with NMD analysis, tail-bleeding, laser injury, IVC stasis thrombosis model, platelet aggregation and siRNA replication

    PMID:34905618

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of preserved hemostasis at ~10% fibrinogen not fully explained
    • Compensatory fibronectin role only correlative
  9. 2022 Medium

    Extended FGA function beyond coagulation into angiogenesis and tumor biology, implicating it in VEGFA/VEGFR2/FAK signaling and in transcriptional repression of ITGA5.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with conditioned-medium HUVEC tube/migration assays and matrigel plug (endometrial stromal cells); overexpression with luciferase and ChIP assays plus xenograft (gastric cancer)

    PMID:35257941 PMID:35498401

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical mechanism by which intracellular/secreted FGA modulates these pathways unresolved
    • Single-lab, single-tissue contexts
  10. 2024 Medium

    Reinforced a tumor-suppressive role for FGA via reciprocal knockout/overexpression, linking it to PI3K/AKT-driven EMT and metastasis.

    Evidence FGA KO and overexpression HCC cell models, migration/invasion assays, EMT and PI3K/AKT western blots, in vivo metastasis model

    PMID:39227068

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether effect is mediated by secreted versus intracellular FGA not addressed
    • Direct effectors connecting FGA to PI3K/AKT not identified
  11. 2025 Medium

    Identified an epigenetic regulator of FGA and a survival/proliferation function in granulosa cells.

    Evidence siRNA HDAC1/2/3 knockdown with chromatin accessibility and H3K9ac ChIP at the FGA promoter; proliferation/apoptosis assays with PCNA/CCNE1/Caspase3/9 westerns and in vivo ovarian readouts

    PMID:40605115

    Open questions at the time
    • How HDAC2-controlled H3K9ac integrates with PFE2 enhancer activity unknown
    • Mechanism by which FGA suppresses caspases not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The molecular mechanism by which intracellular or secreted FGA controls signaling pathways (VEGFR2/FAK, ITGA5, PI3K/AKT, caspases) in non-hepatic cells remains undefined, as does the identity of the transcription factors operating at PFE2.
  • No direct receptor or binding partner established for the signaling functions
  • PFE2-binding transcription factors unidentified
  • Post-transcriptional regulators implicated by polymorphism studies not characterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3
Pathway
R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 2
Partners
FGBFGG
Complex memberships
fibrinogen

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 Homozygous deletion of ~11 kb of the FGA gene causes congenital afibrinogenemia by eliminating the capacity to synthesize the fibrinogen Aα-chain, demonstrating that the FGA locus is required for functional fibrinogen production. Southern blotting, genetic analysis, haplotype analysis of affected patients The Journal of clinical investigation High 9916133
1999 The ~11 kb FGA deletion is mediated by a 7 bp direct repeat (AACTTTT) in FGA intron 1 and the FGA-FGB intergenic region via non-homologous (illegitimate) recombination, and all three independent deletion junctions are identical to the base-pair. Nucleotide sequence analysis of deletion junctions compared to normal sequences European journal of human genetics High 10602365
2001 The most common afibrinogenemia mutation FGA IVS4+1 G→T causes aberrant mRNA splicing through activation of multiple cryptic donor splice sites in exon 4 and intron 4; the predominant cryptic site (85% of transcripts) is 4 bp downstream of the normal site, causing a frameshift and premature Aα-chain truncation. Transfection of normal and mutant constructs into COS-7 cells, RT-PCR analysis of aberrant mRNAs Blood High 11238133
2001 The majority of congenital afibrinogenemia cases are caused by truncating mutations in FGA (particularly IVS4+1 G→T), with FGA mutations more frequent than FGG or FGB mutations as a cause of afibrinogenemia. Molecular genetic analysis (sequencing) of 16 unrelated afibrinogenemia patients Human genetics Medium 11354637
2002 The outcome of FGA donor splice mutations (exon skipping vs. intron retention/cryptic splice-site use) follows the order of intron removal: FGA intron 3 is spliced first, followed by intron 2, intron 4, and intron 1. Mutations in early-spliced introns cause exon skipping, while mutations in later-spliced introns cause intron inclusion or cryptic splice-site use. Minigene transfection in COS-7 cells, RT-PCR analysis of splice products from IVS3delGTAA and other FGA splice mutations Blood High 12406899
2010 A nonsense mutation in FGA exon 5 (p.Q240X) produces a truncated Aα-chain that is expressed but less efficiently secreted compared to wild-type Aα-chain when co-expressed with wild-type Bβ and γ chains in COS-7 cells. Expression of mutant Aα-chain cDNA in combination with wild-type Bβ and γ-chain cDNAs in COS-7 cells, detection of secreted protein in media Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis Medium 20051841
2012 A mutation at the FGA translation initiation codon (c.1 A>T, M1L) in compound heterozygosity with a nonsense mutation (R129X) causes complete absence of fibrinogen, demonstrating that the canonical ATG start codon is essential for FGA Aα-chain synthesis. Sequencing of FGA gene in patient, compound heterozygosity confirmed Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis Low 22732251
2012 A novel regulatory element (PFE2) located between FGA and FGG genes functions as a hepatocyte enhancer in vitro and in vivo, driving FGA promoter-driven gene expression in hepatoma cells and in zebrafish larval livers regardless of orientation, with a short conserved nucleotide sequence maintaining enhancer activity. Luciferase reporter gene assay in hepatoma cells, transgenic zebrafish in vivo enhancer assay, ChIP-seq data integration Thrombosis and haemostasis Medium 22836734
2013 siRNA-mediated 50% reduction of FGA mRNA in HepG2 cells reduces secreted fibrinogen concentration to only ~78% of control (compared to ~49% for FGB and ~57% for FGG knockdown), indicating that FGA mRNA level is not the limiting factor for fibrinogen expression in normal liver, whereas FGG mRNA is limiting. siRNA knockdown of FGA, FGB, or FGG in HepG2 cells, quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA levels, ELISA for secreted fibrinogen concentration Thrombosis research Medium 23414568
2014 Targeted frameshift mutations in zebrafish fga using zinc finger nucleases result in undetectable plasma fibrinogen and cause hemorrhage and reduced survival in homozygous mutant fish, demonstrating that fga/FGA is essential for circulating fibrinogen production. Zinc finger nuclease-mediated targeted mutagenesis in zebrafish, anti-fibrinogen antibody Western blot/ELISA of plasma, phenotypic analysis Blood High 24553182
2014 FGA-deficient hepatocytes transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding the fibrinogen Aα-chain produce fully functional fibrinogen in vitro, demonstrating that the hepatocyte is the cell type responsible for fibrinogen Aα-chain synthesis and secretion. Lentiviral transduction of patient hepatocytes with FGA construct, functional fibrinogen assay in vitro Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis Medium 25163824
2016 Familial mutations in the C-terminal region of FGA (E540V and R554L) increase in vitro amyloidogenicity of the FGA(496-581) fragment: E540V forms amyloid-like fibrils while R554L forms globular β-sheet-rich aggregates, whereas wild-type FGA(496-581) remains monomeric at physiological pH. In vitro aggregation assay, atomic force microscopy (AFM), assessment of β-sheet content Biochimie Medium 27126074
2016 FGA variant fibrinogen Shanghai (c.169_180+2 del) causes exon 2 skipping via aberrant mRNA splicing, producing an Aα-chain with 42 N-terminal amino acid truncation that impairs fibrinopeptide A release and fibrin polymerization (prolonged lag time, slower maximum slope, reduced final turbidity) without affecting fibrinogen synthesis, assembly, or secretion. Minigene transfection assay, turbidity-based fibrin polymerization assay, HPLC fibrinopeptide release analysis, scanning electron microscopy of fibrin clot ultrastructure Journal of clinical pathology High 27555433
2017 FGA Arg104Cys (g.3057 C>T) mutation impairs fibrinogen secretion: the variant Aα chain is underrepresented in plasma (making up only ~25% of total Aα chains) as determined by TOF-MS, causing hypodysfibrinogenemia despite near-normal clot structure. DNA sequencing, reverse phase electrospray TOF-MS of plasma fibrinogen chains, turbidity-based polymerization assay, confocal microscopy of fibrin structure BMC hematology Medium 29299315
2012 FGA FGAΔ1238 deletion generates two aberrant mRNAs (both frameshift/premature termination); FGA c.54+3A>C generates two aberrant mRNAs, one causing frameshift and one using a cryptic 5' splice site in exon 1 that deletes six signal peptide amino acids. Both variants result in lack of mature Aα-chain and impaired fibrinogen assembly/secretion. Minigene cloning and transfection into CHO cells, RT-PCR and cDNA sequencing of aberrant transcripts International journal of hematology Medium 22639050
2005 FGA functional polymorphisms (-1051G, -3A, TaqI duplication alleles) significantly enhance FGA transcription in vitro, though carriers without elevated fibrinogen suggest post-transcriptional regulation also contributes to plasma fibrinogen levels. In vitro transcription/reporter assay for FGA promoter polymorphisms Human genetics Medium 16362348
2022 Mice carrying a premature termination codon at Fga residue 271 (Fga270 mice) have ~90% reduction in hepatic Fga mRNA due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, resulting in ~10% plasma fibrinogen levels. Despite minimal circulating fibrinogen, hemostasis is preserved, but thrombosis in the inferior vena cava stasis model is completely abolished. Fga270/270 platelet fibrinogen is ~30% of wild-type with compensatory increase in fibronectin. Knock-in mouse model, NMD analysis, tail bleeding assay, laser-induced saphenous vein injury, IVC stasis thrombosis model, platelet aggregation, siRNA fibrinogen reduction experiment Blood High 34905618
2022 FGA knockdown in endometrial stromal cells reduces VEGFA, PDGF, FGF-B, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression, and conditioned medium from FGA-knockdown cells inhibits HUVEC migration and tube formation by reducing VEGFR2 and FAK signaling pathway activity, establishing a FGA→VEGFA→VEGFR2→FAK axis promoting angiogenesis. siRNA knockdown, conditioned medium experiments, tube formation assay, wound assay, transwell assay, western blotting, matrigel plug assay in vivo, immunofluorescence for F-actin and VE-cadherin Frontiers in endocrinology Medium 35498401
2022 FGA overexpression in gastric cancer cells inhibits migration, invasion, and EMT, and suppresses ITGA5 (integrin α5) transcription (confirmed by luciferase and ChIP assay), thereby inhibiting the FAK/ERK pathway and inducing autophagic cell death. CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, transwell, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay, western blotting, double-label RFP-GFP-LC3 immunofluorescence, in vivo xenograft in nude mice Tissue & cell Medium 35257941
2024 FGA knockout in hepatocellular carcinoma cells activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and increases N-cadherin and slug (EMT markers) while decreasing E-cadherin, promoting invasion and metastasis; FGA overexpression reverses these effects and restricts tumor spread in a mouse metastasis model. FGA KO and overexpression cell models, transwell migration/invasion assay, wound healing, western blotting for EMT markers and PI3K/AKT pathway components, in vivo metastasis mouse model Aging Medium 39227068
2025 HDAC2 regulates FGA transcription by controlling chromatin accessibility and H3K9ac enrichment at the FGA promoter (−1350/−1454 bp region); HDAC2 knockdown reduces FGA protein levels by decreasing H3K9ac binding at the FGA promoter. FGA promotes granulosa cell proliferation by upregulating PCNA and CCNE1, and inhibits apoptosis by suppressing Caspase3 and Caspase9, thereby promoting follicular development in vitro and in vivo. siRNA knockdown of HDAC1/2/3, chromatin accessibility assay, ChIP assay for H3K9ac at FGA promoter, proliferation/apoptosis assays, western blotting for PCNA/CCNE1/Caspase3/Caspase9, in vivo mouse experiments (corpora lutea counting, estradiol measurement) Biological research Medium 40605115

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 81 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 Deletion of the fibrinogen [correction of fibrogen] alpha-chain gene (FGA) causes congenital afibrogenemia. The Journal of clinical investigation 85 9916133
2001 Molecular analysis of the fibrinogen gene cluster in 16 patients with congenital afibrinogenemia: novel truncating mutations in the FGA and FGG genes. Human genetics 62 11354637
2018 Identification of serum proteins AHSG, FGA and APOA-I as diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer. Clinical proteomics 41 29719494
2002 Outcome of donor splice site mutations accounting for congenital afibrinogenemia reflects order of intron removal in the fibrinogen alpha gene (FGA). Blood 41 12406899
2022 FGA Controls VEGFA Secretion to Promote Angiogenesis by Activating the VEGFR2-FAK Signalling Pathway. Frontiers in endocrinology 40 35498401
2000 A Korean population study of the nine STR loci FGA, VWA, D3S1358, D18S51, D21S11, D8S1179, D7S820, D13S317 and D5S818. International journal of legal medicine 38 11197626
2001 Activation of multiple cryptic donor splice sites by the common congenital afibrinogenemia mutation, FGA IVS4 + 1 G-->T. Blood 36 11238133
2014 Targeted mutation of zebrafish fga models human congenital afibrinogenemia. Blood 29 24553182
2022 Hypofibrinogenemia with preserved hemostasis and protection from thrombosis in mice with an Fga truncation mutation. Blood 25 34905618
2020 Serum sCD14, PGLYRP2 and FGA as potential biomarkers for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis based on data-independent acquisition and targeted proteomics. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 22 32967043
1999 The 11 kb FGA deletion responsible for congenital afibrinogenaemia is mediated by a short direct repeat in the fibrinogen gene cluster. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 22 10602365
2005 Functional polymorphisms of FGA, encoding alpha fibrinogen, are associated with susceptibility to venous thromboembolism in a Taiwanese population. Human genetics 21 16362348
1997 Report of the European DNA profiling group (EDNAP): an investigation of the complex STR loci D21S11 and HUMFIBRA (FGA). Forensic science international 20 9153779
2016 Familial mutations in fibrinogen Aα (FGA) chain identified in renal amyloidosis increase in vitro amyloidogenicity of FGA fragment. Biochimie 19 27126074
2022 FGA inhibits metastases and induces autophagic cell death in gastric cancer via inhibiting ITGA5 to regulate the FAK/ERK pathway. Tissue & cell 17 35257941
2012 A novel regulatory element between the human FGA and FGG genes. Thrombosis and haemostasis 14 22836734
2016 Ischemic Stroke and Six Genetic Variants in CRP, EPHX2, FGA, and NOTCH3 Genes: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 13 27266621
2007 A single mutation in the FGA locus responsible for false homozygosities and discrepancies between commercial kits in an unusual paternity test case. Journal of forensic sciences 13 17316238
2024 FGA influences invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Aging 12 39227068
2022 Serum Proteomic Analysis Identifies SAA1, FGA, SAP, and CETP as New Biomarkers for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Frontiers in immunology 12 35757752
2019 FGA isoform as an indicator of targeted therapy for EGFR mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 12 31776635
2015 Hepatic Fibrinogen Storage Disease in a Patient with Hypofibrinogenemia: Report of a Case with a Missense Mutation of the FGA Gene. Seminars in liver disease 11 26676819
2004 Accurate STR allele designations at the FGA and vWA loci despite primer site polymorphisms. Journal of forensic sciences 11 15027538
2017 A Chinese family with congenital Dysfibrinogenemia carries a heterozygous missense mutation in FGA: Concerning the genetic abnormality and clinical treatment. Pakistan journal of medical sciences 10 29067075
2011 A novel frameshift mutation in FGA (c.1846 del A) leading to congenital afibrinogenemia in a consanguineous Syrian family. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 10 21245743
2010 Identification and functional characterization of a novel nonsense mutation in FGA accounting for congenital afibrinogenemia in six Egyptian patients. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 9 20051841
2013 siRNA down-regulation of FGA mRNA in HepG2 cells demonstrated that heterozygous abnormality of the Aα-chain gene does not affect the plasma fibrinogen level. Thrombosis research 8 23414568
2012 Mutation of the translation initiation codon in FGA causes congenital afibrinogenemia. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 8 22732251
2006 Identification of three FGA mutations in two Chinese families with congenital afibrinogenaemia. Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia 8 17083511
2017 Heterozygous FGA p.Asp473Ter (fibrinogen Nieuwegein) presenting as antepartum cerebral thrombosis. Thrombosis research 7 29122299
2009 A novel frameshift mutation in FGA accounting for congenital afibrinogenemia predicted to encode an aberrant peptide terminating 158 amino acids downstream. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 7 19417632
1999 Genetic data on three complex STRs (ACTBP2, D21S11 and HUMFIBRA/FGA) in the Galician population (NW Spain). International journal of legal medicine 7 10460432
1998 Population genetic characteristics of the STR Loci D21S11 and FGA in eight diverse human populations. Human biology 7 9780514
2023 Association between FGA gene polymorphisms and coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease. Frontiers in medicine 6 37575991
2023 Factor VII R353Q (rs6046), FGA A6534G (rs6050), and FGG C10034T (rs2066865) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Iranian Women. Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 6 38708173
2010 Identification of dual false indirect exclusions on the D5S818 and FGA loci. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 6 21030286
2004 Sexual differentiation traits in functional males with female genital apertures (male symbol fga) in the woodlice Armadillidium vulgare Latr. (Isopoda, Crustacea). General and comparative endocrinology 6 15242750
2020 Analysis of an Inherited Dysfibrinogenemia Pedigree Associated with a Heterozygous Mutation in the FGA Gene. Hamostaseologie 5 33374030
2016 Dysfibrinogenemia-associated novel heterozygous mutation, Shanghai (FGA c.169_180+2 del), leads to N-terminal truncation of fibrinogen Aα chain and impairs fibrin polymerization. Journal of clinical pathology 5 27555433
2014 In vitro rescue of FGA deletion by lentiviral transduction of an afibrinogenemic patient's hepatocytes. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 5 25163824
2005 A novel nonsense mutation in the FGA gene in a Chinese family with congenital afibrinogenaemia. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 5 15795544
2024 Glycerophosphoinositol modulates FGA and NOTCH3 in exercise-induced muscle adaptation and colon cancer progression. Frontiers in pharmacology 4 39130639
2018 A novel fibrinogen variant in a Chinese pedigree with congenital dysfibrinogenemia caused by FGA P. Arg38Thr mutation: A case report. Medicine 4 30290666
2015 Multistep microsatellite mutation leading to father-child mismatch of FGA locus in a case of non-exclusion parentage. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 4 25979606
2013 Association of the FGA and SLC6A4 genes with autistic spectrum disorder in a Korean population. Neuropsychobiology 4 24192574
1998 The short tandem repeat loci hTPO, THO1 and FGA. Human heredity 4 9813453
2022 A Case of Type 1 Triallelic Patterns at D5S818, D18S51, D6S1043, and FGA Demonstrated by Short Tandem Repeat Analysis. International journal of clinical practice 3 35685547
2020 A Novel Frameshift Mutation in the FGA Gene (c.196 delT) Leading to Congenital Afibrinogenemia. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology 3 31725541
2012 Molecular analysis of afibrinogenemic mutations caused by a homozygous FGA1238 bp deletion, and a compound heterozygous FGA1238 bp deletion and novel FGA c.54+3A>C substitution. International journal of hematology 3 22639050
2023 Germline VWF/MPRIP and somatoplasm FGA variants synergically confer susceptibility to non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Scientific reports 2 36813871
2023 Selective vitamins as potential options for dietary therapeutic interventions: In silico and In vitro insights from mutant C terminal fragment of FGA. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 2 36907427
2022 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18F-FGA for Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction in a Coronary Artery Ligation Model. Molecular imaging 2 35250392
2021 An FGA Frameshift Variant Associated with Afibrinogenemia in Dachshunds. Genes 2 34356081
2019 c.259A>C in the fibrinogen gene of alpha chain (FGA) is a fibrinogen with thrombotic phenotype. The application of clinical genetics 2 30881084
2019 The Relationship between Gene Polymorphism of miRNAs Regulating FGA and Schizophrenia. Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences 2 31198450
2017 A novel fibrinogen mutation: FGA g. 3057 C > T (p. Arg104 > Cys) impairs fibrinogen secretion. BMC hematology 2 29299315
2016 Population database on: D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D3S1358, D8S1179, D10S1248, D22S1045, D12S391, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, FGA, TH01, vWA loci included in NGM system based on one thousand unrelated individuals from Lodz region of Central Poland. Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii 2 28144929
2012 A hypervariable STR polymorphism in the CFI gene: mutation rate and no linkage disequilibrium with FGA. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2 23201233
2025 FGA, a new target of histone acetylation, inhibits apoptosis of granulosa cells in follicles. Biological research 1 40605115
2020 Congenital fibrinogen disorder caused by digenic mutations of the FGA and FGB genes. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 1 32228225
2020 Population-dependent migration shift caused by sequence variation at the alpha fibrinogen (FGA) short tandem repeat (STR) locus. Forensic science international 1 32659604
2020 A family study of congenital dysfibrinogenemia caused by a novel mutation in the FGA gene: A case report. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 1 33336034
2019 [Analysis of a pedigree affected with congenital dysfibrinogenemia due to a novel Gly31Glu mutation of FGA gene]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 1 31515786
2015 Concurrent copy number variations on chromosome 8 and 22 combined with mutation at FGA locus revealed in a parentage testing case. Forensic science international. Genetics 1 26186693
2014 Analysis of positive control STR experiments reveals that results obtained for FGA, D3S1358, and D13S317 condition the success rate of the analysis of routine reference samples. Journal of forensic sciences 1 24605994
2009 [Genetic analysis of an inherited afibrinogenemia family caused by a novel frameshift mutation in FGA]. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 1 19698251
2007 Allele frequencies for nine STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820) in the Italian population. Forensic science international 1 17349757
2005 [Congenital afibrinogenemia associated with a novel nonsense mutation in the FGA gene]. Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi 1 15946522
2026 Congenital hypofibrinogenemia with bleeding risk: mutations in the FGA, FGB, and FGG genes. Laboratory medicine 0 41233956
2026 FGA Serves as a Potential Diagnostic Marker and Therapeutic Target for Elderly Acute Kidney Injury. Journal of proteome research 0 41512179
2026 Immunosuppressive Pulse Therapy Alleviates Ocular Surface Damage in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy by Reversing FGA Deficiency Subsequently Modulating Complement and Coagulation Cascade Signaling to Suppress Orbital Fibroblast Pathology. Immunological investigations 0 41741162
2025 FGA can be used as a promising therapeutic target in osteoarthritis. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 0 40394574
2025 Proteomic Profiling Reveals TPR and FGA as Predictive Serum Biomarkers of Relapse to First- and Second-Generation EGFR-TKIs in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 0 40722683
2017 [Genetic Analysis of A Case of Congenital Dysfibrinogenemia Caused by Arg16His Mutation in Exon 2 of FGA]. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 0 29070135
2013 [Identification of a rare allele FGA-13 in Guangdong Han population]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 24327161
2010 [Negative association of FGA gene 128C/G polymorphism with cerebral infarction and its effect on plasma fibrinogen in Hunan Hans]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 20533267
2008 [Identification of a rare allele of FGA-13]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 19065534
2004 Population studies for STR loci (D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D18S51 and FGA) in NWFP and Sindhi populations of Pakistan for forensic use. Archiwum medycyny sadowej i kryminologii 0 15782779
2001 [Genetic studies in the Cologne administrative district (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany): DNA-STR systems FGA, TH01, VWA and YNZ22]. Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht uber die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur 0 11591050
1999 DNA-PCR system FGA (FIBRA)--genotype and allele frequencies in a sample of western Germany (Düsseldorf region). Collegium antropologicum 0 10646230
1999 [Study of the high polymorphism STR locus-FGA in Chinese population]. Fa yi xue za zhi 0 12536389

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