Affinage

FGB

Fibrinogen beta chain · UniProt P02675

Round 2 corrected
Length
491 aa
Mass
55.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
73 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

FGB encodes the fibrinogen Bβ chain, one of three polypeptide chains that assemble into the hexameric fibrinogen molecule (Aα₂Bβ₂γ₂) essential for blood coagulation and fibrin clot formation (PMID:6383194, PMID:6575689). Thrombin cleavage of fibrinopeptide B from the Bβ N-terminus exposes polymerization knobs that drive fibrin lateral aggregation through a knob-hole mechanism, and mutations at this site (e.g., Bβ Tyr41Asn, Bβ A68S) impair polymerization kinetics and clot architecture (PMID:7356959, PMID:21301788, PMID:35054908). The C-terminal β-nodule is required for intracellular fibrinogen assembly and secretion: nonsense and missense mutations in this domain (W467X, G444S, W474X) permit chain synthesis but block secretion, causing congenital hypo- or afibrinogenemia (PMID:12511408, PMID:12893758). Beyond hemostasis, fibrinogen bridges leukocytes to vascular endothelium through ICAM-1 binding, and FGB transcription is regulated by an IL-6/STAT3 axis that is modulated by SIRT1-mediated STAT3 deacetylation (PMID:8100742, PMID:8666148, PMID:31201813).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1980 High

    Defining the molecular mechanism of fibrin polymerization: synthetic peptides mimicking thrombin-released fibrinopeptides bound fibrinogen and blocked polymerization, establishing that the Bβ N-terminus exposes a polymerization knob upon cleavage.

    Evidence In vitro peptide binding and polymerization inhibition assays

    PMID:7356959

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of knob-hole interaction was not yet resolved
    • Relative contribution of fibrinopeptide A vs. B cleavage to polymerization kinetics was unclear
  2. 1984 High

    The complete covalent structure and chain organization of fibrinogen (Aα₂Bβ₂γ₂) were established, defining the hexameric architecture and disulfide bonding pattern that frames all subsequent structure–function studies of the Bβ chain.

    Evidence Protein sequencing and biochemical characterization

    PMID:6383194 PMID:6575689

    Open questions at the time
    • Three-dimensional atomic structure was still unknown
    • Chain-specific contributions to assembly and secretion were not dissected
  3. 1993 High

    Fibrinogen was shown to function beyond coagulation as an adhesion bridge between leukocytes and endothelial ICAM-1, establishing a non-hemostatic role in vascular inflammation.

    Evidence Affinity chromatography, recombinant ICAM-1 binding studies, and cell adhesion assays using genetically engineered transfectants

    PMID:8100742

    Open questions at the time
    • Which fibrinogen chain or domain directly contacts ICAM-1 was not mapped
    • In vivo relevance of fibrinogen-ICAM-1 bridging in inflammatory disease models was not tested
  4. 1996 Medium

    Hyperglycemia-induced monocyte cytokine release was linked to hepatic FGB transcriptional upregulation via a TNF→IL-6 axis, explaining elevated fibrinogen in diabetic patients.

    Evidence RT-PCR of FGB mRNA in HepG2 cells treated with conditioned media, ELISA, anti-TNF antibody blocking

    PMID:8666148

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct promoter elements mediating IL-6 responsiveness of FGB were not mapped in this study
    • Whether this pathway operates identically in primary hepatocytes was not shown
  5. 1997 High

    The crystal structure of fibrinogen fragment D revealed the three-dimensional architecture of the β- and γ-nodules and defined the structural basis of knob-hole polymerization at atomic resolution.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography at 2.9 Å with GPRP peptide ligand

    PMID:9333233

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length fibrinogen structure including the central E nodule was still missing
    • Structural consequences of disease-causing Bβ mutations were not modeled
  6. 2003 Medium

    Reconstitution experiments with truncated and missense Bβ variants (W467X, G444S) demonstrated that the C-terminal β-nodule is dispensable for chain synthesis but essential for fibrinogen secretion, separating the assembly and secretion steps mechanistically.

    Evidence Recombinant co-expression of mutant FGB with wild-type FGA/FGG in mammalian cell lines, secretion assays

    PMID:12511408 PMID:12893758

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the secretion defect arises from ER quality control or Golgi-level retention was not resolved
    • Structural basis of why the β-nodule is required for secretion was not defined
  7. 2009 High

    The full-length fibrinogen crystal structure completed the atomic picture of the hexamer, revealing a novel antiparallel Bβ chain arrangement and carbohydrate organization, while a deep intronic FGB mutation was shown to cause cryptic exon inclusion rescuable by antisense oligonucleotides.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography at ~3.3 Å (intact fibrinogen); minigene splicing assays with antisense morpholino rescue

    PMID:18853456 PMID:19296670

    Open questions at the time
    • Therapeutic applicability of antisense rescue in vivo was not tested
    • Dynamic conformational changes during polymerization were not captured
  8. 2011 Medium

    A natural Bβ Tyr41Asn variant (Caracas VIII) prolonged polymerization lag time, altered clot fiber thickness and pore size, and reduced viscoelasticity, quantitatively demonstrating the functional importance of the Bβ N-terminal region in clot architecture.

    Evidence Patient plasma polymerization assays, permeation studies, scanning electron microscopy, viscoelastic measurements

    PMID:21301788

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether altered clot structure translates to bleeding risk in vivo was not demonstrated
    • The precise structural interaction disrupted by Tyr41Asn was not defined at atomic resolution
  9. 2019 Medium

    STAT3 was identified as a direct transcriptional activator of FGB, and SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of STAT3 destabilizes it, repressing FGB expression — establishing an epigenetic regulatory axis for FGB transcription outside the classic acute-phase response.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter assay, co-immunoprecipitation, FGB overexpression rescue of SIRT1 anti-proliferative effect in renal carcinoma cells

    PMID:31201813

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the SIRT1–STAT3–FGB axis operates in hepatocytes (the physiological source of fibrinogen) was not tested
    • Direct STAT3 binding to the FGB promoter was shown by reporter but not by ChIP
  10. 2022 Medium

    Systematic functional characterization of multiple FGB missense and nonsense variants showed that individual mutations differentially affect fibrinopeptide B release, polymerization kinetics, fiber morphology, and plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis, revealing residue-specific contributions across distinct phases of clot formation and resolution.

    Evidence Turbidity polymerization assays, HPLC fibrinopeptide cleavage, plasmin degradation kinetics, scanning electron microscopy

    PMID:32871307 PMID:35054908

    Open questions at the time
    • Genotype–phenotype correlation with clinical bleeding severity is lacking for most variants
    • Structural modeling has not been validated by crystal structures of variant fibrinogens

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of β-nodule-dependent ER quality control during fibrinogen secretion, the in vivo contribution of the fibrinogen–ICAM-1 interaction to inflammatory disease, and whether the SIRT1–STAT3–FGB transcriptional axis operates in primary hepatocytes.
  • No structural or cryo-EM data showing how the β-nodule is recognized by ER chaperones
  • No genetic model isolating fibrinogen-ICAM-1 binding from coagulation function in vivo
  • Comprehensive genotype–phenotype map for FGB variants and clinical outcomes is absent

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 3 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 1 GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 4 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 3
Pathway
R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis 5 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1
Partners
FGAFGGICAM1STAT3
Complex memberships
Fibrinogen (Aα₂Bβ₂γ₂ hexamer)

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1984 Fibrinogen is a hexameric glycoprotein composed of pairs of three chains (Aα, Bβ, and γ); thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form insoluble fibrin polymer, establishing the fundamental mechanism of fibrin clot formation. Biochemical characterization, covalent structure analysis Annual review of biochemistry High 6383194
1980 Synthetic peptides corresponding to the N-terminal sequences released from fibrinogen by thrombin (fibrinopeptides) bind to fibrinogen and prevent fibrin polymerization, defining the knob-hole polymerization mechanism involving the β-chain N-terminus. In vitro peptide binding assay, inhibition of fibrin polymerization Biochemistry High 7356959
1983 Complete covalent structure of fibrinogen determined, including the primary sequence of the Bβ chain encoded by FGB, establishing the disulfide bonding pattern and chain organization of the hexameric molecule. Protein sequencing, covalent structure determination Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences High 6575689
1993 Fibrinogen mediates leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium through binding to ICAM-1 on endothelial cells, bridging leukocytes and endothelial cells in an ICAM-1-dependent adhesion pathway. Affinity chromatography purification, genetically engineered transfectants, direct binding studies to recombinant ICAM-1, cell adhesion assays Cell High 8100742
1997 Crystal structure of fragment D from human fibrinogen determined at 2.9 Å resolution, revealing a coiled-coil region and two homologous globular domains (β and γ nodules) oriented at ~130° to each other; the double-D structure from crosslinked fibrin solved with a Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro peptide ligand defines the donor polymerization site. X-ray crystallography Nature High 9333233
1996 Hyperglycemia stimulates IL-6 and TNF-α production by human peripheral blood monocytes, and conditioned media from these monocytes increases β-fibrinogen (FGB) mRNA levels in HepG2 hepatocytes, establishing a TNF→IL-6→FGB transcriptional induction axis. RT-PCR, ELISA, conditioned medium transfer to HepG2 cells, anti-TNF antibody blockade Diabetes Medium 8666148
2009 Crystal structure of intact human fibrinogen determined at ~3.3 Å resolution, revealing the full hexameric architecture including the coiled-coil regions, D and E nodules, the β-chain carbohydrate groups with 11 sugar residues, and a novel antiparallel arrangement of β chains. X-ray crystallography Biochemistry High 19296670
2009 A deep intronic point mutation in FGB (c.115-600A>G) creates a consensus heptad motif recognized by SF2/ASF splicing factor, causing inclusion of a 50-bp cryptic exon and truncation of the Bβ chain, preventing fibrinogen synthesis; antisense morpholino oligonucleotides blocking the protein-RNA interaction restored normal splicing (~90% at 10 µM). Minigene splicing assay, site-directed mutagenesis of enhancer motif, antisense oligonucleotide treatment in transfected cells, RT-PCR Human mutation High 18853456
2003 Expression of the FGB nonsense mutant W467X in combination with wild-type FGA and FGG showed that fibrinogen molecules containing the truncated Bβ chain are not secreted, confirming that the Bβ chain C-terminal region is required for fibrinogen secretion. Recombinant expression of mutant FGB cDNA with wild-type FGA and FGG in cell lines, secretion assay Blood Medium 12511408
2003 A missense mutation in FGB (G444S) allows fibrinogen chain assembly but prevents secretion, demonstrating that the C-terminal β-nodule region is critical for intracellular fibrinogen assembly and secretion rather than chain synthesis. Recombinant co-expression of mutant FGB with wild-type FGA and FGG, secretion assay Blood Medium 12893758
2011 A missense mutation at FGB Bβ41 (Tyr→Asn, fibrinogen Caracas VIII) impairs the fibrin polymerization process—prolonging lag time, altering clot structure (thicker fibers, larger pores, reduced viscoelasticity), and reducing fibrin interaction with endothelial cells—demonstrating the functional importance of the amino-terminal end of the β chain in polymerization and clot organization. Plasma polymerization assay, permeation studies, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, viscoelastic property measurement Thrombosis and haemostasis Medium 21301788
2013 A novel frameshift insertion in FGB exon 2 (GTTT insertion between nucleotides 2833-2834) causes impaired intracellular fibrinogen assembly (abnormal high-molecular-weight molecules in cells) and prevents fibrinogen secretion, as shown by transfection of COS-7 cells with mutant constructs. Western blot, ELISA of cell lysates and culture media, transfection of COS-7 cells with wild-type and mutant fibrinogen constructs Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi Medium 24103871
2010 An FGB IVS6 deletion of 4 nucleotides causes aberrant mRNA splicing with inclusion of introns 6 and 7, demonstrated by RT-PCR of minigene constructs transfected in CHO cells; the aberrant mRNA is predicted to undergo nonsense-mediated decay, causing hypofibrinogenemia. Minigene transfection in CHO cells, RT-PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, nucleotide sequencing Clinica chimica acta Medium 20580695
2019 SIRT1 represses FGB expression in renal cell carcinoma by deacetylating STAT3, leading to STAT3 destabilization and degradation; STAT3 was identified as a direct transcriptional activator of FGB by luciferase reporter assay, and FGB overexpression rescued the anti-proliferative effect of SIRT1, establishing a SIRT1→STAT3→FGB axis. Luciferase reporter assay, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, stable transfection, in vitro and in vivo proliferation assays Experimental cell research Medium 31201813
2020 A heterozygous nonsense mutation FGB Bβ p.Trp474Ter results in truncated Bβ chains predicted to be retained inside hepatocytes (not secreted), causing quantitative hypofibrinogenemia; turbidity analyses showed reduced fibrin polymerization and altered fibrin fiber thickness consistent with reduced fibrinogen concentration. Protein modelling, fibrin polymerization turbidity analysis, scanning electron microscopy, coagulation functional analysis Biomedicines Medium 33322159
2020 A compound heterozygous FGB 35-bp deletion causes aberrant splicing products leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (quantitative defect), while the second allele carrying BβN170K produces fibrinogen that is secreted normally but causes delayed lateral aggregation in fibrin polymerization (qualitative defect), demonstrated by minigene assay and recombinant expression in CHO cells. Minigene transfection in CHO cells, RT-PCR, Western blot, recombinant variant fibrinogen expression, thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization assay Thrombosis research Medium 32871307
2022 Four FGB missense/nonsense variants (BβY416C, BβA68S, BβY345*, BβW403*) all alter fibrin polymerization (reduced maximal absorbance); BβA68S impairs fibrinopeptide B release; BβY416C and BβW403* alter plasmin-induced fibrin degradation kinetics; fiber morphology differs significantly across variants by scanning electron microscopy. Fibrin polymerization turbidity assay, reverse-phase HPLC fibrinopeptide cleavage assay, plasmin degradation assay, scanning electron microscopy, homology modelling International journal of molecular sciences Medium 35054908
2022 miR-139-5p directly targets FGB mRNA; overexpression of miR-139-5p or silencing of FGB inhibits human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) proliferation and tube formation and suppresses α-SMA and CXCR4 levels; rescue experiment confirmed miR-139-5p acts through FGB to regulate angiogenesis. miRNA target validation, shRNA knockdown, cell proliferation assay, tube formation assay, Western blot, rescue experiment Journal of healthcare engineering Low 35469231
2022 miR-877-5p directly regulates FGB; FGB silencing inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion, reduces tumor growth in vivo, and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (reducing N-cadherin and vimentin while increasing E-cadherin). RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, CCK-8 proliferation assay, transwell invasion assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, xenograft tumor model Disease markers Low 36438895
2005 FGG haplotype H2 homozygosity reduces fibrinogen γ' levels and increases deep venous thrombosis risk ~2.4-fold; fibrinogen γ' contains a unique high-affinity non-substrate thrombin-binding site critical for antithrombin activity during fibrin formation (antithrombin 1), linking fibrinogen γ-chain variants to thrombin regulation. Haplotype-tagging SNP analysis, fibrinogen γ' level measurement, multivariate analysis in a population-based case-control study (Leiden Thrombophilia Study) Blood Medium 16144795

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 73 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
1999 Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nature genetics 1381 10391209
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2004 The human plasma proteome: a nonredundant list developed by combination of four separate sources. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 658 14718574
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
1984 Fibrinogen and fibrin. Annual review of biochemistry 600 6383194
2021 Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Nature 532 33845483
2003 Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nature biotechnology 485 12665801
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2010 Systematic analysis of human protein complexes identifies chromosome segregation proteins. Science (New York, N.Y.) 421 20360068
1996 Generation and analysis of 280,000 human expressed sequence tags. Genome research 376 8889549
2007 Systematic analysis of the protein interaction network for the human transcription machinery reveals the identity of the 7SK capping enzyme. Molecular cell 367 17643375
1997 Crystal structures of fragment D from human fibrinogen and its crosslinked counterpart from fibrin. Nature 360 9333233
2005 Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry. Journal of proteome research 350 16335952
1993 Fibrinogen mediates leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium through an ICAM-1-dependent pathway. Cell 315 8100742
1980 Studies on synthetic peptides that bind to fibrinogen and prevent fibrin polymerization. Structural requirements, number of binding sites, and species differences. Biochemistry 294 7356959
2006 p130Cas: a versatile scaffold in signaling networks. Trends in cell biology 266 16581250
2011 A directed protein interaction network for investigating intracellular signal transduction. Science signaling 258 21900206
2009 Crystal structure of human fibrinogen. Biochemistry 258 19296670
1983 Covalent structure of fibrinogen. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 241 6575689
1996 Glucose-dependent interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor production by human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro. Diabetes 225 8666148
1999 Fibrinogen. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 223 10467729
2014 Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles: a comprehensive dataset. Journal of proteomics 218 24769233
2013 Congenital fibrinogen disorders: an update. Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis 218 23852822
2005 Genetic variation in the fibrinogen gamma gene increases the risk for deep venous thrombosis by reducing plasma fibrinogen gamma' levels. Blood 211 16144795
2011 Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver. Molecular systems biology 207 21988832
2014 Extracellular matrix signatures of human primary metastatic colon cancers and their metastases to liver. BMC cancer 203 25037231
2017 Characterization of the Extracellular Matrix of Normal and Diseased Tissues Using Proteomics. Journal of proteome research 185 28675934
2020 Genetic Variants in the FGB and FGG Genes Mapping in the Beta and Gamma Nodules of the Fibrinogen Molecule in Congenital Quantitative Fibrinogen Disorders Associated with a Thrombotic Phenotype. International journal of molecular sciences 54 32610551
2009 A deep intronic mutation in FGB creates a consensus exonic splicing enhancer motif that results in afibrinogenemia caused by aberrant mRNA splicing, which can be corrected in vitro with antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Human mutation 53 18853456
2003 Prenatal diagnosis for congenital afibrinogenemia caused by a novel nonsense mutation in the FGB gene in a Palestinian family. Blood 42 12511408
2003 Congenital afibrinogenemia: identification and expression of a missense mutation in FGB impairing fibrinogen secretion. Blood 37 12893758
2019 SIRT1 downregulated FGB expression to inhibit RCC tumorigenesis by destabilizing STAT3. Experimental cell research 34 31201813
2019 FGB and FGG derived from plasma exosomes as potential biomarkers to distinguish benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. Clinical and experimental medicine 31 31576477
2012 Apo A5 -1131T/C, FgB -455G/A, -148C/T, and CETP TaqIB gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis of 15,055 subjects. Molecular biology reports 31 23129316
2020 A Novel Nonsense Mutation in FGB (c.1421G>A; p.Trp474Ter) in the Beta Chain of Fibrinogen Causing Hypofibrinogenemia with Bleeding Phenotype. Biomedicines 27 33322159
2014 FGB mutations leading to congenital quantitative fibrinogen deficiencies: an update and report of four novel mutations. Thrombosis research 24 24560896
2013 Benign FGB (148Lys→Asn, and 448Arg→Lys), and novel causative γ211Tyr→His mutation distinguished by time of flight mass spectrometry in a family with hypofibrinogenaemia. Thrombosis and haemostasis 23 24352576
2017 Protein modelling to understand FGB mutations leading to congenital hypofibrinogenaemia. Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia 19 28306188
2006 TagSNP evaluation for the association of 42 inflammation loci and vascular disease: evidence of IL6, FGB, ALOX5, NFKBIA, and IL4R loci effects. Human genetics 17 17115186
2010 In vitro transcription of compound heterozygous hypofibrinogenemia Matsumoto IX; first identification of FGB IVS6 deletion of 4 nucleotides and FGG IVS3-2A>G causing abnormal RNA splicing. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 9 20580695
2006 Analysis of the effect of multiple genetic variants of cardiovascular disease risk on insulin concentration variability in healthy adults of the STANISLAS cohort. The role of FGB-455 G/A polymorphism. Atherosclerosis 9 16697386
2022 Structural and Functional Characterization of Four Novel Fibrinogen Mutations in FGB Causing Congenital Fibrinogen Disorder. International journal of molecular sciences 8 35054908
2022 miR-139-5p Suppresses Proliferation and Angiogenesis of Intracranial Aneurysm via FGB. Journal of healthcare engineering 7 35469231
2022 miR-877-5p Inhibits Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation of Breast Cancer Cells by Targeting FGB. Disease markers 7 36438895
2012 Combined congenital dysfibrinogenemia and factor VII deficiency from mutations in the FGB and F7 genes. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 7 22576285
2023 Circ_16601 facilitates Hippo pathway signaling via the miR-5580-5p/FGB axis to promote my-CAF recruitment in the TME and LUAD progression. Respiratory research 6 37953225
2011 A novel missense mutation in the FGB g. 3354 T>A (p. Y41N), fibrinogen Caracas VIII. Thrombosis and haemostasis 6 21301788
2020 Congenital fibrinogen disorder with a compound heterozygote possessing two novel FGB mutations, one qualitative and the other quantitative. Thrombosis research 5 32871307
2017 A novel mutation in exon 2 of FGB caused by c.221G>T † substitution, predicting the replacement of the native Arginine at position 74 with a Leucine (p.Arg74Leu † ) in a proband from a Kurdish family with dysfibrinogenaemia and familial venous and arterial thrombosis. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis 5 27812779
2012 A novel mutation in the FGB: c.1105C>T turns the codon for amino acid Bβ Q339 into a stop codon causing hypofibrinogenemia. Blood cells, molecules & diseases 5 23266225
2019 Phenotypic and genetic analysis of hypofibrinogenemia because of a novel missense mutation in the FGB: Leu121Arg. Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 4 31259773
2015 Association between the FGB gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 3 25867317
2004 [Relationship between fibrinogen B beta gene FGB -455G/A polymorphism and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 3 15300640
2020 Afibrinogenemia caused by a novel homozygous missense mutation, FGB p.Cys241Tyr, in a male patient with recurrent intracranial bleeding: case report and review of literature. Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia 2 33245842
2016 A novel missense mutation in the FGB gene (p.Gly302Arg) leading to afibrinogenemia. Predicted structure and function consequences. Hamostaseologie 2 27824214
2014 FGB gene - 148C>T polymorphism is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population: a meta-analysis based on 18 case-control studies. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers 2 24720800
2025 Recurrent Venous Thrombosis in a Hypofibrinogenemic Patient Despite a Heterozygous Deletion of the Fibrinogen Gene Cluster and Hemizygous FGB p.Pro265Leu Variant Mimicking a Homozygous Genotype. Hamostaseologie 1 40774334
2020 Congenital fibrinogen disorder caused by digenic mutations of the FGA and FGB genes. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 1 32228225
2020 Genetic Analysis of Afibrinogenemia and Hypofibrinogenemia: Novel Mutations in the FGB Gene in the Turkish Population. Acta haematologica 1 32289806
2004 [Association of polymorphic marker G(-455)A of gene FGB with coronary artery disease]. Genetika 1 15575509
2026 Congenital hypofibrinogenemia with bleeding risk: mutations in the FGA, FGB, and FGG genes. Laboratory medicine 0 41233956
2025 A heterozygous nonsense mutation in the FGB gene (c.1299G > A) causes congenital fibrinogen disorder across four consecutive generations. Thrombosis journal 0 40506718
2025 Antiviral Intervention of COVID-19: Linkage of Disease Severity with Genetic Markers FGB (rs1800790), NOS3 (rs2070744) and TMPRSS2 (rs12329760). Viruses 0 40573382
2025 Quantitative proteomic and glycoproteomic analysis identifies CLCA1, FBN1, and FGB as potential biomarkers for ulcerative colitis. RSC advances 0 41090172
2024 Identification of the FGB gene polymorphism and analysis of its association with fat deposition traits in Hu sheep. Animal biotechnology 0 38669223
2022 [Analysis of two pedigrees affected with inherited dysfibrinogenemia due to a novel c.1115 T>A variant of the FGB gene]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 35773760
2021 Congenital Hypofibrinogenemia in a Neonate with a Novel Mutation in the FGB Gene. Pediatric reports 0 33804389
2021 Polymorphisms of F2 (G20210A), F5 (G1691A), F 7 (G10976A), F 13(G13T), FGB, ITGA2, ITGB3, PAI-I genes and its association with thrombotic complications in patients suffering from Takayasu aortoarteritis of Urals population. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir 0 34523592
2013 [Congenital afibrinogenemia caused by a novel insertion mutation in the FGB gene]. Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi 0 24103871
2010 [Polymorphic markers G(-455)A of gene FGB and C(-1654)T of gene PROC and genetic predisposition to unfavorable outcomes patients undergoing acute coronary syndrome]. Molekuliarnaia biologiia 0 20873219