Affinage

ELK4

ETS domain-containing protein Elk-4 · UniProt P28324

Length
431 aa
Mass
46.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
34 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ELK4 is a sequence-specific ETS-family transcription factor that functions as a downstream nuclear effector of MAPK/ERK signaling, binding ETS motifs at target promoters and enhancers to activate or repress transcription (PMID:37786278, PMID:21846680). Its activity is gated by post-translational modification: CDK2 directly phosphorylates ELK4 at Thr194 and Ser387 to control c-fos expression downstream of EGF signaling (PMID:26028036), and MAPK-induced phosphorylation promotes its assembly with partner factors (PMID:37786278). ELK4 operates through a versatile set of cofactor complexes whose composition dictates target specificity—it co-regulates SRF-dependent stimulus/infection-response genes (PMID:24758171), cooperates with SP1/SP3 in an SRF-independent manner to activate the neoangiogenic factor LRG1 (PMID:37786278), and depends on K125 acetylation to recruit BRD2 to the LAMB3 promoter (PMID:32398865). Beyond classical activation, ELK4 mediates transcriptional repression: under hypoxia, phosphorylated PYCR1 binds ELK4 and is recruited to ELK4-target promoters, where PYCR1-derived NAD+ stimulates SIRT7-dependent H3K18ac deacetylation (PMID:37777542). In immune and developmental contexts, ELK4 acts cell-autonomously in the thymus together with ELK1 to drive ERK-dependent SRF target genes such as EGR2 and restrain innate-like CD8+ T cell generation (PMID:30068599), and in mast cells it partitions between MITF (cytokine/chemokine genes) and SIRT6 (degranulation genes) complexes (PMID:37529050). Across cancers ELK4 directly regulates a broad repertoire of targets including Mcl-1 (PMID:21846680) and KDM5A (PMID:34372882), and its own expression is post-transcriptionally constrained by miR-92b-3p targeting of its 3'UTR (PMID:36556251) and by Staufen-mediated mRNA decay (PMID:32372707). A recurrent SLC45A3-ELK4 chimeric transcript, generated by trans/cis-splicing rather than rearrangement and androgen-regulated, functions as a nuclear long non-coding chimeric RNA promoting prostate cancer proliferation independently of protein output (PMID:19293179, PMID:28716526).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2009 Medium

    Established that an androgen-regulated SLC45A3-ELK4 chimeric transcript exists in prostate cancer and arises without chromosomal rearrangement, redefining how an ELK4-containing transcript can be deregulated.

    Evidence RT-PCR/qPCR characterization, FISH, and androgen treatment of LNCaP cells

    PMID:19293179

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish the functional output of the chimeric transcript
    • Splicing mechanism inferred rather than directly demonstrated
  2. 2011 Medium

    Identified ELK4 as a direct transcriptional driver of an anti-apoptotic target, linking ELK4 promoter occupancy to a defined survival phenotype.

    Evidence ETS-site promoter analysis, ELK4 knockdown with Mcl-1 readout, glioblastoma xenograft

    PMID:21846680

    Open questions at the time
    • Cofactor requirements at the Mcl-1 promoter not defined
    • Upstream signal controlling ELK4 at this locus not addressed
  3. 2014 Medium

    Distinguished ELK4's SRF-dependent target repertoire (stimulus/infection-response genes) from MKL-driven cytoskeletal programs, defining context-specific genome-wide occupancy.

    Evidence Knockdown plus expression array and ChIP-seq in macrophages

    PMID:24758171

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address non-SRF cofactors
    • Functional consequences of individual target genes not tested
  4. 2015 High

    Resolved a direct kinase-substrate link by mapping CDK2 phosphorylation sites controlling ELK4 transcriptional activity, extending ELK4 regulation beyond canonical ERK input.

    Evidence In vitro CDK2 kinase assay, Thr194/Ser387 mutagenesis, transcriptional and transformation assays

    PMID:26028036

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of CDK2 versus ERK phosphorylation not dissected
    • Structural basis of activity change unknown
  5. 2018 High

    Demonstrated cell-autonomous, redundant roles of ELK4 and ELK1 downstream of ERK in T cell development, connecting ELK4-SRF target induction (EGR2) to an organismal immune phenotype.

    Evidence Elk4/Elk1 double-knockout mice, bone marrow chimeras, EGR2 overexpression rescue

    PMID:30068599

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ELK4 occupancy at thymic targets not mapped
    • ELK4-specific (non-redundant) functions not isolated
  6. 2020 High

    Revealed that ELK4 acetylation at K125 licenses a BRD2 partnership for cooperative promoter binding, adding an acetylation-dependent cofactor recruitment layer to ELK4 function.

    Evidence K125 acetylation mapping, Co-IP, ChIP, luciferase, JQ1/U0126 treatment in colorectal cancer

    PMID:32398865

    Open questions at the time
    • Acetyltransferase responsible for K125 not identified
    • Generality of BRD2 dependence beyond LAMB3 not established
  7. 2020 Low

    Showed ELK4 mRNA is subject to Staufen-mediated decay via a lncRNA, defining a post-transcriptional control point for ELK4 levels.

    Evidence LINC00662 knockdown, mRNA stability and BBB permeability assays

    PMID:32372707

    Open questions at the time
    • SMD mechanism asserted but not fully reconstituted
    • Direct LINC00662-ELK4 mRNA interaction not shown
  8. 2023 High

    Identified SP1/SP3 as SRF-independent ELK4 partners genome-wide and linked MAPK phosphorylation to this interaction, broadening the ELK4 cofactor logic to a non-SRF axis.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, proteomics, Co-IP, serum/MEK-inhibitor phosphorylation assays, LRG1 reporter in colorectal cancer

    PMID:37786278

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants selecting SP1/SP3 versus SRF binding not defined
    • Phosphosite mediating SP1/SP3 interaction not mapped
  9. 2023 High

    Established ELK4 as a platform for hypoxia-driven transcriptional repression via PYCR1 recruitment and SIRT7-mediated H3K18ac deacetylation, linking metabolic NAD+ production to ELK4-targeted chromatin.

    Evidence PYCR1 Tyr135 phosphorylation mapping, Co-IP, ChIP, NAD+/SIRT7 deacetylation assays, xenograft

    PMID:37777542

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide scope of ELK4-PYCR1-SIRT7 repression not defined
    • How ELK4 switches between activation and repression not resolved
  10. 2023 Medium

    Showed ELK4 bifurcates mast cell transcription by partnering with MITF (cytokine genes) versus SIRT6 (degranulation genes), illustrating partner-dependent opposing outputs.

    Evidence Elk4 knockout in BMMCs, Co-IP for MITF and SIRT6, expression and cell-cycle analysis

    PMID:37529050

    Open questions at the time
    • Signals controlling partner choice not identified
    • Direct promoter occupancy at relevant genes not mapped
  11. 2021 Medium

    Expanded the ELK4 target repertoire to chromatin and lncRNA regulators (KDM5A, SNHG22), defining downstream epigenetic and stability cascades.

    Evidence ChIP, luciferase, Co-IP, cycloheximide chase in gastric cancer

    PMID:34372882 PMID:34663788

    Open questions at the time
    • Cofactor requirements at these promoters not defined
    • Direct versus indirect downstream effects partly inferred
  12. 2017 Medium

    Demonstrated the SLC45A3-ELK4 chimera acts as a nuclear long non-coding RNA, regulating proliferation and CDKN1A independently of protein translation.

    Evidence Selective fusion knockdown, translation-incompetent rescue mutants, subcellular fractionation

    PMID:28716526

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA effector mechanism/binding partners not identified
    • Relationship to wild-type ELK4 protein function unclear
  13. 2025 Low

    A series of cancer studies extended ELK4 as a direct transcriptional activator/repressor of diverse targets (FBXO22, CHMP6, MSI2, METTL3, DHFR, HOMER3, PD-L1, FNDC5) across tumor and neuroinflammatory contexts.

    Evidence ChIP/luciferase promoter or enhancer binding with knockdown/rescue phenotypes in multiple disease models

    PMID:37519006 PMID:39173777 PMID:39305302 PMID:39688781 PMID:39969091 PMID:40205485 PMID:40518958 PMID:41502523

    Open questions at the time
    • Most are single-lab, abstract-level mechanistic placements without reconstitution
    • Cofactor and chromatin context for these targets not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How ELK4 selects among its many cofactors (SRF, SP1/SP3, BRD2, MITF, SIRT6, PYCR1-SIRT7) and switches between activation and repression at a given locus remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of ELK4-cofactor complexes
  • No integrated map linking phosphorylation/acetylation state to partner choice
  • Genome-wide repression versus activation determinants undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6 GO:0003677 DNA binding 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3
Partners
BRD2MITFPYCR1SIRT6SIRT7SP1SP3SRF

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2015 CDK2 directly phosphorylates ELK4 at Thr194 and Ser387, and this phosphorylation regulates ELK4 transcriptional activity to control c-fos expression downstream of EGF signaling. In vitro kinase assay (CDK2 phosphorylates ELK4), site-directed mutagenesis at Thr194 and Ser387, transcriptional activity assays, knockdown of CDK2/ELK4 with phenotypic readout (EGF-induced cell transformation) Oncogene High 26028036
2020 ELK4 is acetylated at K125; this acetylation enhances its interaction with BRD2, and the ELK4-BRD2 complex cooperatively binds ETS motifs in the LAMB3 promoter to drive LAMB3 transcription in colorectal cancer. The BET inhibitor JQ1 disrupts the ELK4-BRD2 interaction, reducing BRD2 occupancy at the LAMB3 promoter. ChIP, Co-IP, luciferase reporter assay, acetylation mapping at K125, JQ1/U0126 treatment with mRNA level readout Oncogene High 32398865
2014 ELK4 co-regulates a distinct set of SRF-dependent genes related to external stimulus/infection responses in macrophages (separate from MKL1/2-regulated cytoskeletal genes), acting directly in cis at target gene promoters. Knockdown combined with gene expression array; ChIP-seq for genome-wide occupancy mapping BMC genomics Medium 24758171
2011 ELK4 binds to a functional ETS binding site in the Mcl-1 promoter and is a critical transcriptional regulator of Mcl-1 expression in glioma; ELK4 downregulation reduces Mcl-1 levels, increases apoptosis sensitivity, and reduces tumor formation in vivo. A SNP that ablates ELK4 binding correlates with lower Mcl-1 levels. Promoter analysis, ETS binding site identification, ELK4 knockdown with Mcl-1 mRNA/protein readout, glioblastoma xenograft model Neuro-oncology Medium 21846680
2023 PYCR1 is phosphorylated by nuclear IGF1R at Tyrosine 135 under hypoxia, and this phosphorylation promotes PYCR1 binding to ELK4 and recruitment of PYCR1 to ELK4-targeted gene promoters. PYCR1 enzymatic activity produces NAD+ that stimulates SIRT7 deacetylation of H3K18ac, cooperating with the ELK4-SIRT7 complex to mediate transcriptional repression. Phosphorylation mapping (Tyr135), co-IP for PYCR1-ELK4 interaction, ChIP for promoter recruitment, enzymatic activity assay for PYCR1-derived NAD+, SIRT7 deacetylation assay, in vivo xenograft Nature communications High 37777542
2023 ELK4 cooperates with SP1 and SP3 (rather than SRF) as functional partners at the genome-wide level in colorectal cancer; MAPK-induced phosphorylation of ELK4 facilitates its interaction with SP1/SP3. The ELK4-SP1/SP3 complex directly activates transcription of LRG1, a neoangiogenic factor. Integrated genomics and proteomics, ChIP-seq for genome-wide occupancy, Co-IP for ELK4-SP1/SP3 interaction, phosphorylation assay (serum-induced MAPK), luciferase reporter for LRG1 promoter, combination treatment with MEK inhibitor and mithramycin A Advanced science High 37786278
2021 ELK4 transcriptionally activates KDM5A by directly binding its promoter; KDM5A then removes H3K4me3 from the PJA2 promoter to repress PJA2 expression, leading to reduced ubiquitination-mediated degradation of KSR1. This ELK4-KDM5A-PJA2-KSR1 axis promotes M2 macrophage polarization and gastric cancer progression. Dual luciferase reporter, ChIP, Co-IP, cycloheximide chase (KSR1 protein stability), gain/loss-of-function, xenograft model Journal of translational medicine Medium 34372882
2021 ELK4 transcription factor binds to the SNHG22 promoter and promotes SNHG22 lncRNA expression in gastric cancer cells. ChIP assay, luciferase reporter assay Cell death & disease Medium 34663788
2018 ELK4 (SAP-1) and ELK1 act cell-autonomously in the thymus downstream of ERK signaling to control the generation of innate-like αβ CD8+ T cells; mice lacking both ELK4 and ELK1 develop increased numbers of innate-like CD8+ T cells associated with reduced TCR-mediated activation of ELK4-SRF target genes (e.g., EGR2), and overexpression of EGR2 partially suppresses this phenotype. Elk4 and Elk1 knockout mice (genetic epistasis), thymic cell-autonomy demonstrated by bone marrow chimeras, target gene expression analysis, EGR2 overexpression rescue Journal of immunology High 30068599
2009 The SLC45A3-ELK4 chimeric transcript is androgen-regulated (not wild-type ELK4), and is generated through a mechanism other than chromosomal rearrangement, most likely trans-splicing, in prostate cancer. SLC45A3 exon 1 is fused to ELK4 exon 2 in the major variant. RT-PCR characterization, quantitative PCR on DNA and RNA, androgen (R1881) treatment of LNCaP cells, FISH for chromosomal rearrangement Cancer research Medium 19293179
2017 The SLC45A3-ELK4 fusion transcript functions as a long non-coding chimeric RNA (lnccRNA) to promote prostate cancer cell proliferation; the fusion RNA encodes the same protein as ELK4 but is present at <1% of wild-type ELK4 levels. A translation-incompetent mutant of the fusion RNA retains the ability to regulate cell proliferation and suppress CDKN1A, and the fusion RNA is enriched in the nuclear fraction. RNA silencing (selective knockdown of fusion vs. wild-type ELK4), rescue with translation-competent and translation-incompetent mutants, subcellular fractionation, cell proliferation assay Cancer letters Medium 28716526
2023 ELK4 binds to the FBXO22 promoter and transcriptionally inhibits FBXO22 expression, leading to reduced PTEN levels and promotion of cell cycle progression and stem cell-like characteristics in HPV+ cervical cancer cells. ChIP-qPCR, luciferase reporter assay, ELK4 knockdown with cell cycle and stemness phenotype readouts Balkan medical journal Low 37519006
2023 ELK4 positively modulates cytokine/chemokine (Hdc, Ccl3, Ccl4) transcription by interacting with MITF, while negatively regulating degranulation-related gene transcription by complexing with SIRT6 in mast cells. ELK4 knockout suppresses mast cell proliferation and impedes cell cycle progression. Elk4 knockout in BMMCs, gene expression analysis, Co-IP for ELK4-MITF and ELK4-SIRT6 interactions, transcriptional activity assays Frontiers in immunology Medium 37529050
2024 ELK4 directly binds to the CHMP6 promoter to transcriptionally activate CHMP6 expression, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis (reducing ROS and Fe2+ levels, increasing GPX4 and xCT, decreasing ACSL4) and promoting proliferation, invasion, and migration in skin cutaneous melanoma cells. ChIP assay for ELK4 binding to CHMP6 promoter, ELK4/CHMP6 overexpression and knockdown with ROS/Fe2+ measurements and ferroptosis marker protein levels Archives of dermatological research Low 39305302
2025 ELK4 acts as a transcription factor that directly binds the MSI2 promoter to promote MSI2 transcription in NSCLC, and MSI2 in turn promotes NSCLC progression through the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. ChIP assay, dual luciferase reporter assay, ELK4/MSI2 knockdown/overexpression with proliferation/invasion assays, xenograft model The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences Low 39969091
2024 ELK4 promotes FNDC5 transcription by binding to the FNDC5 promoter; ELK4 overexpression in microglia suppresses neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in an OSA mouse model through this FNDC5-dependent mechanism. Promoter binding assay (ChIP implied), ELK4 overexpression/FNDC5 knockdown rescue experiments in BV2 cells and OSA mouse model Brain research bulletin Low 39173777
2025 ELK4 transcriptionally upregulates METTL3 by direct promoter binding; METTL3 then stabilizes CEMIP mRNA, and the resulting ELK4-METTL3-CEMIP axis promotes stemness and malignant phenotypes in colorectal cancer. ChIP assay for ELK4 binding to METTL3 promoter, luciferase reporter, RIP and mRNA stability assay for METTL3-CEMIP, ELK4 knockdown xenograft Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Low 40518958
2025 ELK4 directly binds to DHFR enhancer regions to activate DHFR transcription, promoting vasculogenic mimicry and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma; DHFR overexpression rescues VM and invasion impairment caused by ELK4 knockdown. ChIP-qPCR for ELK4 binding to DHFR enhancer, ELK4 knockdown and DHFR rescue with Matrigel tube formation and Transwell invasion assays Oncology research Low 41502523
2025 ELK4 binds to the HOMER3 promoter to promote its transcription in glioma; ELK4-driven HOMER3 expression activates the Wnt/β-catenin/EMT signaling pathway, promoting glioma cell proliferation and metastasis. ChIP for ELK4-HOMER3 promoter binding, HOMER3 silencing with proliferation/metastasis assays in vitro and in vivo, EMT marker expression Biology direct Low 40205485
2020 LINC00662 mediates degradation of ELK4 mRNA through the Staufen-mediated mRNA decay (SMD) pathway in microvascular endothelial cells; reduced ELK4 increases BBB permeability by increasing tight junction-related protein expression. RNA knockdown, mRNA stability assay, BBB permeability assay, tight junction protein expression RNA biology Low 32372707
2022 ELK4 transcription factor promotes SNHG22 lncRNA expression in gastric cancer; this was confirmed by ChIP and the 3' UTR of ELK4 mRNA is targeted by miR-92b-3p delivered by exosomes from mechanically unloaded MVECs, leading to suppressed osteogenic differentiation. ChIP (ELK4-SNHG22 promoter); luciferase reporter for miR-92b-3p targeting ELK4 3'UTR; siRNA-ELK4 rescue experiments Journal of personalized medicine Low 36556251
2024 ELK4 directly activates PD-L1 transcription in colorectal cancer; the lncRNA SNHG16 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA to sponge miR-324-3p, which normally suppresses ELK4 expression, thereby increasing ELK4-driven PD-L1 transcription and promoting immune escape. Dual luciferase assay, RIP, ChIP, knockdown/overexpression with immune escape functional assays (LDH cytotoxicity, flow cytometry) Biochemical genetics Low 39688781

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 34 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 SLC45A3-ELK4 is a novel and frequent erythroblast transformation-specific fusion transcript in prostate cancer. Cancer research 171 19293179
2022 A novel tRNA-derived fragment AS-tDR-007333 promotes the malignancy of NSCLC via the HSPB1/MED29 and ELK4/MED29 axes. Journal of hematology & oncology 98 35526007
2020 LAMB3 promotes tumour progression through the AKT-FOXO3/4 axis and is transcriptionally regulated by the BRD2/acetylated ELK4 complex in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 56 32398865
2017 SLC45A3-ELK4 functions as a long non-coding chimeric RNA. Cancer letters 49 28716526
2015 Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a key mediator for EGF-induced cell transformation mediated through the ELK4/c-Fos signaling pathway. Oncogene 47 26028036
2021 ELK4 promotes the development of gastric cancer by inducing M2 polarization of macrophages through regulation of the KDM5A-PJA2-KSR1 axis. Journal of translational medicine 43 34372882
2021 ELK4-mediated lncRNA SNHG22 promotes gastric cancer progression through interacting with EZH2 and regulating miR-200c-3p/Notch1 axis. Cell death & disease 43 34663788
2012 SLC45A3-ELK4 chimera in prostate cancer: spotlight on cis-splicing. Cancer discovery 41 22787087
2011 ELK4 neutralization sensitizes glioblastoma to apoptosis through downregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Neuro-oncology 37 21846680
2014 MKL1/2 and ELK4 co-regulate distinct serum response factor (SRF) transcription programs in macrophages. BMC genomics 32 24758171
2020 TRA2A-induced upregulation of LINC00662 regulates blood-brain barrier permeability by affecting ELK4 mRNA stability in Alzheimer's microenvironment. RNA biology 29 32372707
2016 SIRT7, H3K18ac, and ELK4 Immunohistochemical Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Journal of pathology and translational medicine 28 27498548
2023 IGF1R-phosphorylated PYCR1 facilitates ELK4 transcriptional activity and sustains tumor growth under hypoxia. Nature communications 25 37777542
2023 ELK4 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Activating the Neoangiogenic Factor LRG1 in a Noncanonical SP1/3-Dependent Manner. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 25 37786278
2016 Role of CTCF in Regulating SLC45A3-ELK4 Chimeric RNA. PloS one 22 26938874
1995 Locations of the ets subfamily members net, elk1, and sap1 (ELK3, ELK1, and ELK4) on three homologous regions of the mouse and human genomes. Genomics 21 8575773
2018 ERK Signaling Controls Innate-like CD8+ T Cell Differentiation via the ELK4 (SAP-1) and ELK1 Transcription Factors. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20 30068599
2012 Rearrangement of the ETS genes ETV-1, ETV-4, ETV-5, and ELK-4 is a clonal event during prostate cancer progression. Human pathology 16 22569213
2023 ELK4 Promotes Cell Cycle Progression and Stem Cell-like Characteristics in HPV-associated Cervical Cancer by Regulating the FBXO22/PTEN Axis. Balkan medical journal 9 37519006
2025 Integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomics uncover ELK4-mediated mechanisms in NDUFAB1+ tumor cells driving gastric cancer progression, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion. Frontiers in immunology 8 40688093
2021 HCG11 up-regulation induced by ELK4 suppressed proliferation in vestibular schwannoma by targeting miR-620/ELK4. Cancer cell international 8 33402177
2022 Exosomes from Microvascular Endothelial Cells under Mechanical Unloading Inhibit Osteogenic Differentiation via miR-92b-3p/ELK4 Axis. Journal of personalized medicine 7 36556251
2023 ELK4 exerts opposite roles in cytokine/chemokine production and degranulation in activated mast cells. Frontiers in immunology 6 37529050
2024 LncRNA SNHG16 Drives PD-L1-Mediated Immune Escape in Colorectal Cancer through Regulating miR-324-3p/ELK4 Signaling. Biochemical genetics 5 39688781
2024 ELK4 ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation induced by obstructive sleep apnea. Brain research bulletin 4 39173777
2023 Hsa_circ_0119412 Contributes to Development of Retinoblastoma by Targeting miR-186-5p/ELK4 Axis. Molecular biotechnology 3 36715861
2025 ELK4 transcription promotes MSI2-mediated progression of non-small cell lung cancer through the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 2 39969091
2025 ELK4 induced upregulation of HOMER3 promotes the proliferation and metastasis in glioma via Wnt/β-catenin/EMT signaling pathway. Biology direct 2 40205485
2024 ELK4 targets CHMP6 to inhibit ferroptosis and enhance malignant properties of skin cutaneous melanoma cells. Archives of dermatological research 2 39305302
2025 Identification of the Pro-Tumorigenic Role of the ELK4-METTL3-CEMIP Axis in Colorectal Carcinoma: Promotion of Cancer Cell Stemness and Malignant Phenotypes. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 1 40518958
2025 The role of ELK4 up-regulation in macrophage polarization and its mechanism in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease. International immunopharmacology 1 40663811
2024 miR-129-5p inhibits anchorage-independent growth through silencing of ACTN1 and the ELK4/c-FOS axis in HPV-transformed keratinocytes. Journal of medical virology 1 38566572
2025 ELK4 Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Driving DHFR Transcriptional Activation. Oncology research 0 41502523
2024 CircNUP98 promotes the malignant behavior of glioma cells through the miR-520f-3p/ELK4 axis. International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience 0 38923578

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