Affinage

CTHRC1

Collagen triple helix repeat-containing protein 1 · UniProt Q96CG8

Length
243 aa
Mass
26.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 33 papers cited in narrative 33 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CTHRC1 is a secreted, N-glycosylated glycoprotein that functions as a context-dependent extracellular signaling cofactor coordinating Wnt, TGF-β, and matrix-remodeling programs across tissue development, fibrosis, bone homeostasis, and cancer (PMID:18606138, PMID:16678498, PMID:33986509). As a cell-surface-anchored protein it selectively activates the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway by binding Wnt ligands, Frizzled receptors, and Ror2 to stabilize the ligand-receptor complex while suppressing canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling (PMID:18606138). In parallel, CTHRC1 modulates TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling in a cell-type-specific manner—inhibiting Smad2/3 activation and collagen synthesis in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (PMID:17322174, PMID:16678498), yet stabilizing TGF-β receptor complexes (TGFβRII/TGFβRIII) to potentiate signaling in cancer and stellate cell contexts (PMID:30639416, PMID:33986509). Its full extracellular activity requires plasmin-mediated cleavage of an N-terminal propeptide, generating a truncated form with enhanced collagen-inhibitory and pro-glycolytic activity (PMID:18467647, PMID:38040222). In bone, CTHRC1 couples resorption to formation: it is secreted by mature osteoclasts to stimulate osteoblastogenesis through the cell-surface receptor WAIF1/Tpbg via a PKCδ/MEK/ERK cascade, promotes osteoblastic bone formation, and inhibits osteoclastogenesis by preventing IκBα degradation and ERK1/2 activation (PMID:18779865, PMID:23908115, PMID:28115279, PMID:29624737). CTHRC1 also acts through additional receptors including GPR180 in adipocytes and EGFR in tendon progenitors (PMID:34880217, PMID:39540237). In cancer, CTHRC1 drives invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment via ERK/MMP9, integrin β3/FAK, and TGF-β-dependent M2 macrophage polarization (PMID:24504172, PMID:33986509, PMID:27686285, PMID:29021002). Genetic loss in mice produces metabolic phenotypes—hepatic steatosis, altered glycogen and body composition—consistent with a circulating, hormone-like function (PMID:23056600, PMID:26148471).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 21 steps
  1. 2006 Medium

    Established CTHRC1 as a secreted, N-glycosylated protein whose biochemical activity is inhibition of collagen matrix synthesis, defining it as a matrix-modulating extracellular factor.

    Evidence In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and in vitro collagen matrix inhibition assay across epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces and developing skeleton

    PMID:16678498

    Open questions at the time
    • No receptor or signaling pathway identified
    • Mechanism of collagen inhibition not resolved
  2. 2007 High

    Showed CTHRC1 is a cell-type-specific inhibitor of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling, linking its matrix effects to a defined signaling axis in vascular remodeling.

    Evidence Transgenic overexpression, phospho-Smad2/3 IHC, TGF-β reporter, and carotid ligation model in smooth muscle vs. endothelial cells

    PMID:17322174

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of cell-type specificity unknown
    • Does not explain later pro-TGF-β effects in other contexts
  3. 2008 High

    Defined CTHRC1's selective activation of Wnt/PCP signaling through direct receptor complex assembly, establishing it as an upstream PCP pathway component rather than a canonical Wnt regulator.

    Evidence Co-IP/cell-surface binding in HEK293T, reporter assays, and genetic epistasis with Vangl2 and Ror2 mutant mice

    PMID:18606138

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and structural basis of the Cthrc1-Wnt-Fzd/Ror2 complex unresolved
    • How PCP activation is reconciled with TGF-β inhibition not addressed
  4. 2008 High

    Identified CTHRC1 as a positive regulator of osteoblastic bone formation downstream of BMP2, extending its role to skeletal anabolism.

    Evidence Cthrc1-null and osteoblast-specific transgenic mice with micro-CT, histomorphometry, CFU and BrdU assays

    PMID:18779865

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating osteoblast effects not yet identified
    • Cellular source of bone CTHRC1 unresolved at this stage
  5. 2008 Medium

    Demonstrated that proteolytic processing controls CTHRC1 activity—plasmin cleaves an N-terminal propeptide upon injury to generate a more active truncated form, revealing post-translational regulation of its function.

    Evidence Domain-specific antibodies, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and plasmin cleavage assay in differentiated smooth muscle cells

    PMID:18467647

    Open questions at the time
    • Cleavage site not mapped at residue level
    • Whether cleavage governs all CTHRC1 activities unknown
  6. 2012 Medium

    Proposed CTHRC1 as a circulating hormone-like factor regulating systemic metabolism, broadening its biology beyond local matrix and signaling roles.

    Evidence Cthrc1-null mice, 125I-CTHRC1 pharmacokinetics with hepatic binding, hypothalamic/pituitary IHC, and liver steatosis phenotype

    PMID:23056600

    Open questions at the time
    • No cognate metabolic receptor identified here
    • Direct hormonal target tissue unconfirmed
  7. 2012 Medium

    Established CTHRC1 as a negative regulator of peripheral myelination acting by maintaining Schwann cell proliferation, defining a developmental role in the nervous system.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown in Schwann cell culture and transgenic overexpression mice with myelin time-course analysis

    PMID:22379615

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor/pathway in Schwann cells not defined here
    • Link to PCP or TGF-β signaling unexplored
  8. 2013 High

    Revealed osteoclast-derived CTHRC1 as a resorption-to-formation coupling factor, identifying the cellular source that drives the bone-anabolic phenotype.

    Evidence Osteoclast-specific conditional knockout mice, RANKL injection model, and calcium/dentin induction assays

    PMID:23908115

    Open questions at the time
    • Stromal receptor for the coupling signal not yet identified
    • Apparent discrepancy with later osteocyte/osteoblast source reports
  9. 2013 Medium

    Linked CTHRC1 stability and expression to N-glycosylation and canonical Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional control, and to cancer cell migration at the wound front.

    Evidence DPAGT1 knockdown turnover assays, β-catenin/TCF luciferase reporter, and wound-front immunolocalization in oral squamous carcinoma cells

    PMID:23703614

    Open questions at the time
    • Glycosylation sites controlling stability not mapped
    • Single cancer cell context
  10. 2014 Medium

    Established CTHRC1 as a pro-invasive effector in cancer through ERK-dependent MMP9 induction, opening the cancer-progression dimension of its biology.

    Evidence Gain/loss-of-function in colorectal cancer lines with invasion assays and ERK/MMP9 western blots

    PMID:24504172

    Open questions at the time
    • Surface receptor coupling CTHRC1 to ERK not identified
    • No in vivo metastasis confirmation
  11. 2014 Medium

    Placed CTHRC1 in a miR-9/Rac1 axis controlling Schwann cell migration, providing upstream regulatory and downstream effector context for its motility functions.

    Evidence miR-9 modulation, luciferase target validation, and Rac1-inhibitor rescue in nerve regeneration

    PMID:24413174

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct mechanism linking CTHRC1 to Rac1 activation not defined
    • Single-lab finding
  12. 2015 Medium

    Extended CTHRC1's metabolic role by showing it inhibits adipocyte differentiation and regulates body composition via PPARγ/CREB suppression.

    Evidence Cthrc1-null mice with in vitro adipogenesis and PPARγ/CREB reporter assays plus metabolic monitoring

    PMID:26148471

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating adipocyte effects unknown
    • Mechanistic link to PPARγ unresolved
  13. 2015 Medium

    Showed CTHRC1 can suppress innate antiviral immunity via a PKCα/ERK/JNK/c-Jun cascade that represses IFN/JAK/STAT signaling, implicating it in infection biology.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown in HBV-transfected cells and mice with STAT1/2 phosphorylation and IFNAR ubiquitination assays

    PMID:26180054

    Open questions at the time
    • How secreted CTHRC1 triggers intracellular PKCα remains unclear
    • Receptor not identified
  14. 2017 High

    Resolved that CTHRC1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB suppression (blocking IκBα degradation) and ERK inhibition, and reassigned its skeletal source to osteocytes/osteoblasts.

    Evidence Cthrc1-null mice, exogenous rCTHRC1 monocyte differentiation, IκBα/p-ERK western blots, and collagen antibody-induced arthritis model

    PMID:28115279

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation of cell-source assignments across studies incomplete
    • Receptor on monocytes not defined
  15. 2018 High

    Identified WAIF1/Tpbg as a cell-surface CTHRC1 receptor transducing a PKCδ/MEK/ERK osteoblastogenic signal, supplying the missing receptor in bone coupling.

    Evidence Binding-partner identification, WAIF1 knockdown, PKCδ/ERK western blots, and osteoblast lineage-specific Tpbg knockout phenocopying osteoclast-specific Cthrc1 deletion

    PMID:29624737

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether WAIF1 mediates CTHRC1 effects outside bone unknown
    • Structural basis of CTHRC1-WAIF1 binding unresolved
  16. 2019 High

    Demonstrated CTHRC1 drives fibrosis by activating TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells while separately engaging non-canonical Wnt for contractility, and validated it as an antibody-targetable fibrosis driver.

    Evidence CTHRC1-/- mice and anti-CTHRC1 antibody in CCl4/TAA fibrosis with HSC activation, TGF-β western blots, and competitive Wnt receptor binding

    PMID:30639416

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular switch determining TGF-β activation vs. inhibition across cell types unresolved
    • Wnt receptor identity in HSCs not specified
  17. 2021 High

    Established a direct mechanism for CTHRC1 potentiation of TGF-β signaling—binding and stabilizing TGFβRII/TGFβRIII—linking it to M2 macrophage-driven metastasis.

    Evidence Co-IP of CTHRC1 with TGFβRII/TGFβRIII, clodronate macrophage depletion, and hepatic metastasis mouse model

    PMID:33986509

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of receptor complex stabilization not defined
    • Why this contrasts with TGF-β inhibition in SMCs unresolved
  18. 2021 Medium

    Identified GPR180 as a CTHRC1-required component of TGF-β signaling in brown/beige adipocytes, providing a receptor link for its metabolic actions.

    Evidence Genetic/pharmacological GPR180 manipulation, SMAD3 phosphorylation assays, and metabolic phenotyping

    PMID:34880217

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CTHRC1-GPR180 binding not shown here
    • Relationship to WAIF1 and TGFβR receptors unclear
  19. 2024 Medium

    Identified EGFR as a CTHRC1 receptor activating MAPK signaling in tendon progenitor cells, expanding the receptor repertoire and a regenerative role.

    Evidence Multi-proteomics, recombinant CTHRC1 with EGFR-inhibitor rescue, and bidirectional in vivo tendon-healing mouse models

    PMID:39540237

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CTHRC1-EGFR binding interface not mapped
    • Whether EGFR engagement operates in other tissues unknown
  20. 2023 Medium

    Defined transcriptional control of CTHRC1 in fibrosis through drebrin/actin-driven MRTF-SRF and TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signaling, with a downstream WNT5A/PCP protective role after myocardial infarction.

    Evidence Single-cell analysis, MRTF-SRF reporter, drebrin manipulation, Cthrc1-KO MI mouse model, and rCTHRC1/rWNT5A rescue

    PMID:36690273 PMID:36923925

    Open questions at the time
    • Integration of multiple upstream transcriptional inputs unresolved
    • Tissue-specificity of WNT5A/PCP output not fully defined
  21. 2025 Medium

    Showed CTHRC1+ cancer-associated fibroblasts sustain glycolysis and therapy resistance via a TGF-β/Smad3 and histone-lactylation feedback loop, and that senescent CAF-derived CTHRC1 drives stemness via Notch1 under SOX4 control.

    Evidence scRNA-seq, TGF-β/Smad3 and Notch1 western blots, H3K18la chromatin analysis, ChIP for SOX4 at the CTHRC1 promoter, and lactate modulation

    PMID:40011576 PMID:40855439

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating CAF-derived CTHRC1 effects on cancer cells not identified here
    • Single-lab mechanistic loops

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The unifying molecular determinant of CTHRC1's context-dependent switch—between Wnt/PCP activation, TGF-β inhibition, and TGF-β potentiation—and the rules governing which of its multiple receptors (WAIF1, GPR180, EGFR, TGFβRII/III, integrin β3, Fzd/Ror2) it engages in a given tissue remain unresolved.
  • No structural model of CTHRC1 bound to any receptor
  • No unified framework reconciling opposing TGF-β effects
  • Receptor selectivity determinants across cell types unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 4 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0031012 extracellular matrix 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 2
Partners
FZDGPR180ITGB3ROR2TGFBR2TGFBR3TPBGWNT5A
Complex memberships
CTHRC1-Wnt-Fzd/Ror2 complexTGF-β receptor complex (TGFβRII/TGFβRIII)

Evidence

Reading pass · 33 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2008 Cthrc1 selectively activates the Wnt/PCP pathway while suppressing the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell-surface-anchored Cthrc1 binds directly to Wnt ligands, Frizzled (Fzd) receptors, and Ror2, forming a Cthrc1-Wnt-Fzd/Ror2 complex that stabilizes ligand-receptor interaction and promotes PCP signaling. Genetic epistasis (Cthrc1 null × Vangl2 heterozygous mutant) produced PCP-characteristic abnormalities, placing Cthrc1 upstream in the Wnt/PCP pathway. Co-IP/cell-surface binding assays in HEK293T cells, genetic epistasis with Vangl2 and Ror2 mutant mice, reporter assays for PCP vs. canonical pathway Developmental cell High 18606138
2007 Cthrc1 is a cell-type-specific inhibitor of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling in smooth muscle cells. Transgenic overexpression of Cthrc1 reduced phospho-Smad2/3 immunoreactivity and procollagen levels in smooth muscle cells, inhibited TGF-β-sensitive reporter constructs, and reduced neointimal lesion formation and adventitial collagen deposition after carotid ligation; this effect was absent in endothelial cells. Transgenic mouse overexpression, immunohistochemistry for phospho-Smad2/3, TGF-β reporter assay, carotid ligation model, primary and PAC1 smooth muscle cell culture Circulation research High 17322174
2006 CTHRC1 is a 30 kDa secreted, N-glycosylated protein that inhibits collagen matrix synthesis. It contains a signal sequence consistent with extracellular localization and is expressed at epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces, developing skeleton, and sites overlapping with TGF-β family members. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, in vitro collagen matrix inhibition assay Gene expression patterns : GEP Medium 16678498
2008 Cthrc1 is a positive regulator of osteoblastic bone formation. Cthrc1-null mice showed reduced osteoblast number and bone formation without change in osteoclast number; transgenic osteoblast-specific overexpression increased bone mass and osteoblast number. Cthrc1 stimulated osteoprogenitor differentiation, mineralization, and proliferation (BrdU) in vitro. Cthrc1 is a downstream target of BMP2 in osteochondroprogenitor cells. Cthrc1-null and transgenic mice, micro-CT, bone histomorphometry, CFU assays, BrdU incorporation, gene expression of ALP/Col1a1/Osteocalcin PloS one High 18779865
2008 In differentiated smooth muscle cells, full-length Cthrc1 is retained intracellularly despite its signal peptide. Upon arterial injury, Cthrc1 expression increases and plasmin cleaves a propeptide from the N-terminus, generating a truncated form with enhanced inhibitory activity on procollagen synthesis. Domain-specific antibodies, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, plasmin cleavage assay, immunohistochemistry of neointima Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Medium 18467647
2013 CTHRC1 is secreted by mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts and acts as a coupling factor that stimulates stromal cells to promote osteogenesis. Osteoclast-specific deletion of Cthrc1 caused osteopenia due to reduced bone formation and impaired bone mass recovery after RANKL-induced resorption. Cthrc1 expression was induced in osteoclasts placed on dentin/hydroxyapatite and by increasing extracellular calcium. Osteoclast-specific conditional knockout mice, RANKL injection model, bone histomorphometry, micro-CT, cell-type-specific deletion vs. osteoblast-specific deletion The Journal of clinical investigation High 23908115
2013 N-glycosylation of CTHRC1 stabilizes the protein by reducing its turnover in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells; partial inhibition of DPAGT1 (a regulator of N-glycosylation) increased CTHRC1 protein turnover and reduced its levels. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling also promotes β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity at the CTHRC1 promoter to elevate CTHRC1 levels. CTHRC1 localizes to cells at the leading edge of a wound front and drives oral cancer cell migration. DPAGT1 knockdown, protein stability/turnover assay, luciferase reporter for β-catenin/TCF activity, immunolocalization of CTHRC1 at wound front The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 23703614
2014 miR-9 inhibits Schwann cell migration by directly targeting CTHRC1 mRNA, which in turn inactivates downstream Rac1 GTPase. In vitro, anti-miR-9 promotes Schwann cell migration via CTHRC1/Rac1 signaling; Rac1 inhibitor blocked the pro-migratory effect of anti-miR-9. miR-9 overexpression/knockdown, luciferase target validation, Rac1 inhibitor rescue, in vivo nerve regeneration model Journal of cell science Medium 24413174
2014 CTHRC1 promotes colorectal cancer cell invasion via ERK-dependent upregulation of MMP9. Overexpression of CTHRC1 in SW480 and HT-29 cells increased invasiveness with elevated ERK activation and MMP9; knockdown of CTHRC1 attenuated ERK activation and invasivity. Gain- and loss-of-function in cancer cell lines, invasion assay, ERK/MMP9 western blot Oncotarget Medium 24504172
2012 Cthrc1 has characteristics of a circulating hormone. In pigs, Cthrc1 is stored in pituitary colloid-filled follicles and around chromophobe cells; in C57BL/6J mice, expression is in the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei. Radiolabeled Cthrc1 has a circulatory half-life of ~2.5 hours with highest binding in the liver. Cthrc1-null mice develop hepatic steatosis and altered glycogen storage, phenotypes consistent with loss of a metabolic hormone. Cthrc1-null mouse (homologous recombination), 125I-labeled CTHRC1 pharmacokinetics, immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies, histological analysis of liver PloS one Medium 23056600
2012 Cthrc1 is a negative regulator of peripheral myelination in Schwann cells. Cthrc1 overexpression in transgenic mice delays myelin formation by maintaining Schwann cells in a proliferative state; RNAi knockdown in culture promotes myelination. Cthrc1 enhances Schwann cell proliferation but prevents the onset of myelination. RNAi knockdown in Schwann cell culture, transgenic overexpression mouse, time-course analysis of myelin formation Glia Medium 22379615
2015 CTHRC1 facilitates HBV replication by activating the PKCα/ERK/JNK/c-Jun signaling cascade, which represses the IFN/JAK/STAT pathway. CTHRC1 downregulates type I IFN activity, reduces IFN-stimulated gene production, decreases STAT1/2 phosphorylation, and increases ubiquitination and phosphorylation of IFNAR α/β receptors. CTHRC1 overexpression/knockdown in HBV-transfected cells and BALB/c mice, western blot for PKCα/ERK/JNK/c-Jun and STAT1/2 phosphorylation, IFNAR ubiquitination assay Journal of molecular cell biology Medium 26180054
2017 CTHRC1 inhibits osteoclast differentiation via inhibition of NFκB-dependent signaling, specifically by preventing IκBα degradation and inhibiting ERK1/2 activation. Cthrc1 is expressed by osteocytes and osteoblasts (not osteoclasts), and extrinsically derived CTHRC1 is required to inhibit osteoclastogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived monocytes and functional bone resorption. In a collagen antibody-induced arthritis model, Cthrc1-null mice showed more severe inflammation and joint destruction. Cthrc1-null mice, bone marrow monocyte differentiation assay with exogenous rCTHRC1, western blot for IκBα and p-ERK1/2, collagen antibody-induced arthritis model, specific monoclonal antibodies for cell-type expression Bone High 28115279
2018 WAIF1/5T4 (encoded by Tpbg) is a cell-surface CTHRC1 binding protein in marrow stromal cells. CTHRC1 binding to WAIF1 activates a PKCδ/MEK/ERK osteoblastogenic signaling pathway. Osteoblast lineage-specific deletion of Tpbg reduced RANKL expression, impaired bone formation and resorption, and impaired bone mass recovery after RANKL-induced resorption, reproducing the phenotype of osteoclast-specific Cthrc1 deficiency. Protein binding identification, WAIF1 knockdown in marrow stromal cells, PKCδ/ERK western blot, osteoblast lineage-specific Tpbg knockout, RANKL injection model Journal of bone and mineral research High 29624737
2019 CTHRC1 secreted by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) promotes HSC activation (quiescent-to-activated transition) and enhances migratory and contractile capacities by activating TGF-β signaling. CTHRC1 also competitively binds to the Wnt non-canonical receptor, promoting contractility but not activation. CTHRC1 monoclonal antibody suppressed CCl4/TAA-induced liver fibrosis in vivo; CTHRC1-/- mice showed attenuated fibrosis. CTHRC1-/- mice with CCl4/TAA fibrosis model, anti-CTHRC1 monoclonal antibody treatment, HSC activation/migration/contractility assays, TGF-β signaling western blot, competitive Wnt receptor binding assay EBioMedicine High 30639416
2021 CTHRC1 promotes liver metastasis of colorectal cancer by binding directly to TGF-β receptor II (TGFβRII) and TGF-β receptor III (TGFβRIII), stabilizing the TGF-β receptor complex and activating TGF-β signaling to induce M2 macrophage polarization. Macrophage depletion by liposomal clodronate largely abolished the pro-metastatic effect of CTHRC1. Co-immunoprecipitation of CTHRC1 with TGFβRII and TGFβRIII, macrophage depletion with liposomal clodronate, in vivo hepatic metastasis mouse model, TGF-β signaling assays Oncogene High 33986509
2015 Cthrc1 regulates body composition by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and suppressing PPARγ and CREB reporter activity. Preadipocytes from Cthrc1-null mice exhibited enhanced adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Cthrc1-null mice had reduced lean mass, increased fat mass, and reduced voluntary physical activity. Cthrc1-null mice, in vitro adipogenesis assay, PPARγ/CREB reporter assay, metabolic/activity monitoring Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Medium 26148471
2017 CTHRC1 promotes ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating FRA-1 (FOSL1) through the MAPK/MEK/ERK cascade, leading to cyclin D1 upregulation and cell proliferation, and FRA-1-induced Snail1-mediated MMP14 expression to facilitate invasion and metastasis. RNAi knockdown and overexpression in ESCC cell lines, RNA-seq, western blot for MEK/ERK/FRA-1/cyclin D1/Snail1/MMP14, xenograft model Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR Medium 28645305
2016 CTHRC1 promotes angiogenesis by upregulating angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) through ERK-dependent activation of AP-1 in endothelial cells, leading to recruitment of Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) to tumors. A CTHRC1-neutralizing antibody abrogated Ang-2 expression in ECs and reduced tumor burden and TEM infiltration in a xenograft model. Recombinant CTHRC1 treatment of endothelial cells, ERK/AP-1 western blot, Ang-2 expression assay, TEM recruitment in xenograft mouse model, neutralizing antibody treatment Experimental & molecular medicine Medium 27686285
2017 CTHRC1 promotes ovarian cancer metastasis by activating integrin β3/FAK signaling. FAK is phosphorylated on Tyr397 via integrin β3, and this is required for CTHRC1-mediated migratory, invasive, and in vivo peritoneal metastatic ability. Co-immunoprecipitation identified integrin β3 as part of the CTHRC1-activated complex. Phospho-antibody microarray, Co-immunoprecipitation, FAK Tyr397 phosphorylation assay, in vivo i.p. xenograft model, CTHRC1 overexpression/knockdown Journal of ovarian research Medium 29021002
2017 CTHRC1 inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling and modulates YAP subcellular localization in fibroblasts. Cthrc1 overexpression decreased pSmad2/3 nuclear transfer and collagen I in both normal and keloid fibroblasts. In normal fibroblasts, Cthrc1 promoted YAP nuclear translocation (activation), whereas in keloid fibroblasts it suppressed YAP nuclear translocation, suggesting cell-context-dependent effects on YAP localization. Lentivirus-mediated Cthrc1 overexpression, western blot and immunofluorescence for pSmad2/3 and YAP localization, collagen I measurement Current medical science Low 30341526
2017 CTHRC1 activates HIF-1α/CXCR4 signaling in gastric cancer cells: CTHRC1 overexpression increased CXCR4 expression via HIF-1α upregulation, promoting cell migration and invasion. Silencing CXCR4 or HIF-1α abolished the pro-migratory and pro-invasive effects of CTHRC1. CTHRC1 overexpression/silencing, HIF-1α and CXCR4 western blot, CXCR4 silencing rescue, migration/invasion assays Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Low 31855733
2021 GPR180 is required to manifest CTHRC1 action in brown/beige adipocytes. GPR180 is not a GPCR but a component of the TGFβ signaling pathway that regulates TGFβ receptor complex activity through SMAD3 phosphorylation. CTHRC1/GPR180 signaling integrates into TGFβ signaling as an alternative axis to control glucose and energy metabolism. Genetic and pharmacological tools to manipulate GPR180, SMAD3 phosphorylation assays, metabolic phenotyping in vivo Nature communications Medium 34880217
2023 CTHRC1 expression in cardiac myofibroblasts is regulated by the actin-binding protein drebrin via myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-serum response factor (SRF) signaling. Drebrin promotes actin cytoskeleton formation which activates MRTF-SRF to drive Cthrc1 transcription in myofibroblasts during cardiac and hepatic fibrosis. Single-cell analysis, immunocytochemistry for actin cytoskeleton, RNA-Seq, MRTF-SRF pathway reporter, drebrin knockdown/overexpression in cardiac myofibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 36690273
2023 Cardiac fibroblast-derived CTHRC1 expression is induced by canonical TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signaling axis. CTHRC1 improves post-MI wound healing and prevents cardiac rupture via activation of non-canonical WNT5A-PCP signaling pathway. Cthrc1 deficiency in mice aggravated cardiac dysfunction and increased mortality from cardiac rupture after MI; effects were partly reversed by rCTHRC1 or rWNT5A protein. Cthrc1 knockout mice with MI model, TGFβ1-Smad2/3 pathway western blot, rCTHRC1 and rWNT5A rescue, collagen/MMP measurements International journal of biological sciences Medium 36923925
2020 Cleaved (N-terminally truncated) CTHRC1 significantly promotes glycolysis in endothelial cells, whereas full-length CTHRC1 is less effective. Propeptide cleavage is attenuated by protease inhibitors in vitro. Key glycolytic enzymes are upregulated in endothelial cells treated with cleaved CTHRC1. Cthrc1-null mice have significantly lower respiratory exchange ratio in vivo, consistent with reduced glycolytic activity. In vitro protease cleavage assay with protease inhibitors, endothelial cell metabolic respirometry (Seahorse), gene expression of glycolytic enzymes, Cthrc1-null mouse respirometry Vascular pharmacology Medium 38040222
2018 CTHRC1 mediates IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis via JNK1/2 signaling. Overexpression of CTHRC1 mimics IL-1β-induced JNK1/2 activation, increased Bax/caspase-3/PARP-1 and decreased Bcl-2; knockdown of CTHRC1 or JNK1/2 inhibitor SP600125 inhibited IL-1β-induced apoptosis and JNK1/2 activation. CTHRC1 overexpression/shRNA knockdown in rat chondrocytes, SP600125 JNK inhibitor rescue, western blot for apoptosis markers and p-JNK1/2, flow cytometry apoptosis assay International journal of molecular medicine Low 29393342
2019 CTHRC1 promotes M2-like macrophage polarization in endometrial cancer via upregulation of CX3CR1 (Fractalkine receptor) in macrophages, and promotes myometrial invasion through interaction with the Integrin β3-Akt signaling pathway. Recombinant CTHRC1 promoted tumor migration and invasion via enhanced macrophage recruitment in vitro. Recombinant CTHRC1 treatment, integrin β3-Akt western blot, CX3CR1 expression assay, macrophage recruitment in vitro Clinical & experimental metastasis Low 31119444
2021 NEDD4L suppresses pulmonary fibrosis by promoting β-catenin ubiquitination and downregulating the CTHRC1/HIF-1α axis. NEDD4L overexpression reduced CTHRC1 and HIF-1α expression and attenuated lung fibroblast activity; NEDD4L silencing activated CTHRC1/HIF-1α signaling and aggravated fibrosis in vivo. NEDD4L overexpression/silencing in lung fibroblasts, β-catenin ubiquitination assay, CTHRC1/HIF-1α western blot, bleomycin fibrosis mouse model International journal of biological sciences Low 34512149
2024 CTHRC1 promotes tendon stem/progenitor cell (TSPC) proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation by binding to EGFR and activating the MAPK signaling pathway. Inhibiting EGFR reversed the tendon-healing effect of CTHRC1. Proteomics on CTHRC1-stimulated TSPCs confirmed MAPK pathway activation. Multi-proteomic analysis, recombinant CTHRC1 treatment of TSPCs, EGFR inhibitor rescue, CTHRC1 KO and overexpression mouse models, in vitro and in vivo tendon healing assays Advanced science Medium 39540237
2025 CTHRC1+ CAFs enhance glycolytic activity of cancer cells by activating TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Excess lactate from glycolysis upregulates CTHRC1 expression in CAFs through histone lactylation (H3K18la), creating a CTHRC1/glycolysis/H3K18la positive feedback loop that sustains EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer. scRNA-seq of lung cancer patients, TGF-β/Smad3 pathway western blot, histone lactylation (H3K18la) chromatin analysis, lactate supplementation/inhibition experiments Oncogene Medium 40011576
2024 Exosomal CTHRC1 from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes endometrial cancer cell migration via ITGB3/FAK signaling: CTHRC1 immunoprecipitates with ITGB3 and leads to FAK phosphorylation on Tyr397. FAK inhibitor (Defactinib) blocked the pro-migratory effect of exosomal CTHRC1. Co-immunoprecipitation of CTHRC1 with ITGB3, FAK Tyr397 phosphorylation assay, Defactinib inhibitor rescue, exosome isolation, in vivo xenograft model Heliyon Medium 39229506
2025 Senescent CAF-secreted CTHRC1 promotes cancer stemness and metastasis in HCC via the Notch1 signaling pathway. CTHRC1 expression in senescent CAFs is transcriptionally regulated by SOX4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation verified SOX4 binding to the CTHRC1 promoter region. scRNA-seq, ChIP assay for SOX4 at CTHRC1 promoter, Notch1 pathway western blot, in vitro and in vivo functional assays Cell communication and signaling : CCS Medium 40855439

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 Cthrc1 selectively activates the planar cell polarity pathway of Wnt signaling by stabilizing the Wnt-receptor complex. Developmental cell 243 18606138
2020 Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals a Crucial Role for CTHRC1 (Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1) Cardiac Fibroblasts After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 196 32972203
2013 Osteoclast-secreted CTHRC1 in the coupling of bone resorption to formation. The Journal of clinical investigation 191 23908115
2020 The Role of CTHRC1 in Regulation of Multiple Signaling and Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Mediators of inflammation 95 32848510
2007 Cthrc1 is a novel inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta signaling and neointimal lesion formation. Circulation research 95 17322174
2019 Autocrine CTHRC1 activates hepatic stellate cells and promotes liver fibrosis by activating TGF-β signaling. EBioMedicine 94 30639416
2011 Germline mutations in MSR1, ASCC1, and CTHRC1 in patients with Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. JAMA 90 21791690
2008 Cthrc1 is a positive regulator of osteoblastic bone formation. PloS one 90 18779865
2012 CTHRC1 is upregulated by promoter demethylation and transforming growth factor-β1 and may be associated with metastasis in human gastric cancer. Cancer science 76 22590977
2021 CTHRC1 promotes liver metastasis by reshaping infiltrated macrophages through physical interactions with TGF-β receptors in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 74 33986509
2006 Expression analysis of the novel gene collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (Cthrc1). Gene expression patterns : GEP 72 16678498
2014 Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) acts via ERK-dependent induction of MMP9 to promote invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 69 24504172
2017 High expression of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) facilitates progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through MAPK/MEK/ERK/FRA-1 activation. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 65 28645305
2014 MiR-9 inhibits Schwann cell migration by targeting Cthrc1 following sciatic nerve injury. Journal of cell science 65 24413174
2013 N-glycosylation induces the CTHRC1 protein and drives oral cancer cell migration. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 23703614
2018 CTHRC1 induces non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invasion through upregulating MMP-7/MMP-9. BMC cancer 62 29631554
2019 CTHRC1 promotes gastric cancer metastasis via HIF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 59 31855733
2017 E6/E7-P53-POU2F1-CTHRC1 axis promotes cervical cancer metastasis and activates Wnt/PCP pathway. Scientific reports 58 28303973
2017 miR-155-5p modulates malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma by directly targeting CTHRC1 and indirectly regulating GSK-3β-involved Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cancer cell international 54 29234238
2018 MicroRNA-155 acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by targeting CTHRC1 in vitro. Oncology letters 51 29556299
2019 CTHRC1 promotes wound repair by increasing M2 macrophages via regulating the TGF-β and notch pathways. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 50 30849639
2015 SP1-mediated microRNA-520d-5p suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer by targeting CTHRC1. American journal of cancer research 47 26101709
2015 CTHRC1 promotes human colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness by activating Wnt/PCP signaling. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 45 26722469
2019 CTHRC1 promotes M2-like macrophage recruitment and myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma by integrin-Akt signaling pathway. Clinical & experimental metastasis 39 31119444
2025 Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote EGFR-TKI resistance via the CTHRC1/glycolysis/H3K18la positive feedback loop. Oncogene 38 40011576
2016 Multidimensional Roles of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) in Malignant Cancers. Journal of Cancer 38 27994657
2012 Cthrc1, a novel circulating hormone regulating metabolism. PloS one 38 23056600
2014 Let-7b inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through targeting Cthrc1 in gastric cancer. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 36 25510669
2017 CTHRC1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating TAZ. Journal of molecular histology 33 28647773
2017 Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) activates Integrin β3/FAK signaling and promotes metastasis in ovarian cancer. Journal of ovarian research 32 29021002
2024 CTHRC1+ fibroblasts and SPP1+ macrophages synergistically contribute to pro-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Scientific reports 31 39075108
2016 CTHRC1 promotes angiogenesis by recruiting Tie2-expressing monocytes to pancreatic tumors. Experimental & molecular medicine 31 27686285
2021 Pan-cancer analysis combined with experiments predicts CTHRC1 as a therapeutic target for human cancers. Cancer cell international 29 34702252
2017 Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and collagen antibody-induced arthritis by CTHRC1. Bone 28 28115279
2019 CTHRC1: A New Candidate Biomarker for Improved Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis. Frontiers in immunology 27 31249576
2017 Cthrc1 lowers pulmonary collagen associated with bleomycin-induced fibrosis and protects lung function. Physiological reports 27 28292882
2021 GPR180 is a component of TGFβ signalling that promotes thermogenic adipocyte function and mediates the metabolic effects of the adipocyte-secreted factor CTHRC1. Nature communications 26 34880217
2015 Hepatitis B virus hijacks CTHRC1 to evade host immunity and maintain replication. Journal of molecular cell biology 26 26180054
2020 Mir-30b-3p affects the migration and invasion function of ovarian cancer cells by targeting the CTHRC1 gene. Biological research 25 32156314
2020 Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits colorectal cancer tumorigenesis via the CTHRC1‑AKT/ERK‑Snail signaling pathway. International journal of oncology 25 32319595
2025 Evidence for a lipofibroblast-to-Cthrc1 + myofibroblast reversible switch during the development and resolution of lung fibrosis in young mice. The European respiratory journal 24 39401861
2020 CTHRC1 in Ovarian Cancer Promotes M2-Like Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages via Regulation of the STAT6 Signaling Pathway. OncoTargets and therapy 23 32606786
2018 WAIF1 Is a Cell-Surface CTHRC1 Binding Protein Coupling Bone Resorption and Formation. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 23 29624737
2025 Single-cell and spatial transcriptome profiling reveal CTHRC1+ fibroblasts promote EMT through WNT5A signaling in colorectal cancer. Journal of translational medicine 22 40050872
2019 CTHRC1 overexpression promotes cervical carcinoma progression by activating the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway. Oncology reports 22 30628714
2023 CTHRC1, a novel gene with multiple functions in physiology, disease and solid tumors (Review). Oncology letters 21 37216164
2020 CTHRC1 affects malignant tumor cell behavior and is regulated by miR-30e-5p in human prostate cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 32102754
2018 Increased Cthrc1 Activates Normal Fibroblasts and Suppresses Keloid Fibroblasts by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad Signal Pathway and Modulating YAP Subcellular Location. Current medical science 21 30341526
2021 The Role of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat-Containing 1 Protein (CTHRC1) in Rheumatoid Arthritis. International journal of molecular sciences 20 33670905
2021 NEDD4L-induced β-catenin ubiquitination suppresses the formation and progression of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting the CTHRC1/HIF-1α axis. International journal of biological sciences 20 34512149
2019 CTHRC1 and PD‑1/PD‑L1 expression predicts tumor recurrence in prostate cancer. Molecular medicine reports 20 31545446
2019 CTHRC1 overexpression promotes ectopic endometrial stromal cell proliferation, migration and invasion via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Reproductive biomedicine online 20 31787549
2017 Knockdown of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cellular Migration in Glioblastoma Cells. Oncology research 20 28277194
2015 Cthrc1 controls adipose tissue formation, body composition, and physical activity. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 20 26148471
2014 Elevated plasma levels of the pituitary hormone Cthrc1 in individuals with red hair but not in patients with solid tumors. PloS one 20 24945147
2023 CTHRC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages via up-regulation of CCL15. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 19 37987774
2022 The molecular mechanisms of CTHRC1 in gastric cancer by integrating TCGA, GEO and GSA datasets. Frontiers in genetics 19 35928443
2021 CTHRC1 promotes growth, migration and invasion of trophoblasts via reciprocal Wnt/β-catenin regulation. Journal of cell communication and signaling 18 34043142
2016 Upregulated CTHRC1 promotes human epithelial ovarian cancer invasion through activating EGFR signaling. Oncology reports 18 27779718
2008 Intracellular localization of Cthrc1 characterizes differentiated smooth muscle. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 18 18467647
2023 The well-developed actin cytoskeleton and Cthrc1 expression by actin-binding protein drebrin in myofibroblasts promote cardiac and hepatic fibrosis. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 36690273
2017 CTHRC1 activates pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 17 29285247
2024 CTHRC1: An Emerging Hallmark of Pathogenic Fibroblasts in Lung Fibrosis. Cells 16 38891078
2020 Linc00707 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via the miR-30c/CTHRC1 regulatory loop in breast cancer. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 16 32432749
2008 Leading Wnt down a PCP path: Cthrc1 acts as a coreceptor in the Wnt-PCP pathway. Developmental cell 16 18606135
2018 CTHRC1 mediates IL‑1β‑induced apoptosis in chondrocytes via JNK1/2 signaling. International journal of molecular medicine 15 29393342
2022 Long noncoding RNA LINC00518 contributes to proliferation and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma via the miR-335-3p/CTHRC1 Axis. Cell death discovery 14 35246517
2021 MicroRNA Hsa-Let-7b Regulates the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Targeting CTHRC1. Stem cells international 14 34950211
2010 Downregulation of Fzd6 and Cthrc1 and upregulation of olfactory receptors and protocadherins by dietary beta-carotene in lungs of Bcmo1-/- mice. Carcinogenesis 14 20472610
2023 Screening of differentially methylated genes in skeletal fluorosis of rats with different types and involvement of aberrant methylation of Cthrc1. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 13 37268221
2021 IgD promotes pannus formation by activating Wnt5A-Fzd5-CTHRC1-NF-κB signaling pathway in FLS of CIA rats and the regulation of IgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein. International immunopharmacology 13 34688134
2020 Value of serum collagen triple helix repeat containing-1(CTHRC1) and 14-3-3η protein compared to anti-CCP antibodies and anti-MCV antibodies in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. British journal of biomedical science 13 32813981
2024 The role and molecular mechanism of CTHRC1 in fibrosis. Life sciences 12 38834096
2023 Cthrc1 deficiency aggravates wound healing and promotes cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction via non-canonical WNT5A signaling pathway. International journal of biological sciences 12 36923925
2023 Integrated analysis of single cell and bulk RNA sequencing identifies CTHRC1+ INHBA+ CAF as drivers of colorectal cancer progression. Molecular carcinogenesis 12 37539967
2020 Let-7c-5p Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration and Promotes Apoptosis via the CTHRC1/AKT/ERK Pathway in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. OncoTargets and therapy 12 33173311
2012 Cthrc1 is a negative regulator of myelination in Schwann cells. Glia 12 22379615
2021 CTHRC1 Knockdown Promotes Inflammatory Responses Partially by p38 MAPK Activation in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Inflammation 11 33846931
2024 CTHRC1 Attenuates Tendinopathy via Enhancing EGFR/MAPK Signaling Pathway. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 10 39540237
2023 CTHRC1 Induces Pancreatic Stellate Cells (PSCs) into Myofibroblast-like Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (myCAFs). Cancers 10 37444482
2023 Activated CTHRC1 promotes glycolysis in endothelial cells: Implications for metabolism and angiogenesis. Vascular pharmacology 10 38040222
2018 Loss of Myeloid-Specific TGF-β Signaling Decreases CTHRC1 to Downregulate bFGF and the Development of H1993-Induced Osteolytic Bone Lesions. Cancers 10 30469488
2024 The role of collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) in cancer development and progression. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets 9 38686865
2024 Exosomal CTHRC1 from cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitates endometrial cancer progression via ITGB3/FAK signaling pathway. Heliyon 9 39229506
2022 PRR11 Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Colorectal Cancer through Activating the EGFR/ERK/AKT Pathway via Increasing CTHRC1. Annals of clinical and laboratory science 9 35181621
2022 A pan-cancer analysis of matrisome proteins reveals CTHRC1 and a related network as major ECM regulators across cancers. PloS one 9 36190948
2021 Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 Signaling Plays an Important Role in the Short-Term Reparative Response to Heart Valve Endothelial Injury. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 9 34645278
2020 Dynamic Evolution of the Cthrc1 Genes, a Newly Defined Collagen-Like Family. Genome biology and evolution 9 32022859
2019 Interplay between CTHRC1 and the SU protein of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) facilitates viral replication. Virus research 9 30797826
2018 Array profiling reveals contribution of Cthrc1 to growth of the denervated rat urinary bladder. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 9 29357417
2018 CTHRC1 as a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 9 31938174
2025 CTHRC1: a key player in colorectal cancer progression and immune evasion. Frontiers in immunology 8 40201173
2025 Senescent fibroblasts secrete CTHRC1 to promote cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 8 40855439
2023 ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF COL14A1, CELRS3, and CTHRC1 IN BREAST CANCER СELLS. Experimental oncology 8 37417284
2019 CTHRC1 expression in primary biliary cholangitis. Journal of digestive diseases 8 31102333
2019 CTHRC1 facilitates bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion through regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Archives of medical science : AMS 8 35154539
2022 CTHRC1 targeted by miR-30a-5p regulates cell adhesion, invasion and migration in lung adenocarcinoma. Journal of cardiothoracic surgery 7 35313900
2018 [An immunohistochemical study of CTHRC1,Vimentin,E-cadherin expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma]. Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery 7 29798143
2018 microRNA-134 inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis by negatively regulating collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1). International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 7 31949828
2016 Lentivirus-Mediated Knockdown of CTHRC1 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Migration. Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals 7 27043295

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