Affinage

ROR2

Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR2 · UniProt Q01974

Length
943 aa
Mass
104.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 37 papers cited in narrative 36 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ROR2 is a single-pass transmembrane receptor for non-canonical Wnt ligands that governs cell polarity, migration, and tissue morphogenesis while antagonizing canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling (PMID:12839624, PMID:19720827). Wnt5a binds directly to the extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD), which also mediates assembly of ROR2 into receptor complexes with Frizzled, PTK7, and ROR1, and into ligand-independent complexes with BMPR1B (PMID:12839624, PMID:15569154, PMID:26499793, PMID:26680417, PMID:26690702). Although the human ROR2 kinase domain is catalytically deficient (a pseudokinase), ligand engagement still drives ROR2 phosphorylation: serine/threonine priming by CKIε, GSK-3α, and TAK1 within its ST/STP/STP motifs precedes tyrosine autophosphorylation in the cytoplasmic proline-rich domain (PRD) rather than the kinase domain, and the membrane-bound extracellular domain alone suffices to suppress canonical Wnt3a signaling (PMID:15375164, PMID:17986005, PMID:18762249, PMID:25029443). Through its PRD, ROR2 recruits intracellular effectors—including filamin A, ShcA, and CKIε—to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton and form filopodia for Wnt5a-induced migration (PMID:15375164, PMID:17101698, PMID:20732301). Downstream, ROR2 activates a branching set of cascades: PI3K/Cdc42 and Dishevelled-Rac1 feeding JNK/AP-1 transcription, RhoA-Pkn3-cSrc actin-ring assembly, and Hippo-dependent control of YAP (PMID:17488628, PMID:20457807, PMID:28851822, PMID:36622276). These activities place ROR2 at the center of skeletal and connective-tissue development—chondrogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, tooth root, alveolar, and mammary morphogenesis—and of disease processes in cancer invasion and metastasis (PMID:15569154, PMID:22344299, PMID:28851822, PMID:32394892, PMID:33323370). ROR2 mutations underlie brachydactyly type B1 and Robinow syndrome, where mutant protein stability and plasma-membrane localization correlate with phenotype severity (PMID:19640924). ROR2-Wnt complexes can also be loaded onto cytonemes and transferred between cells to activate signaling in recipients independent of their own ROR2 status (PMID:38123680, PMID:37722040).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 32 steps
  1. 2003 High

    Established ROR2 as a receptor/co-receptor for non-canonical Wnt signaling by showing Wnt5a binds its CRD and that ROR2 partners with Frizzled to activate JNK and control morphogenetic movements.

    Evidence In vitro CRD-Wnt5a binding, Ror2-Fz2 co-IP, JNK assay, Xenopus convergent extension, and Ror2/Wnt5a knockout mouse comparison

    PMID:12839624

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the intracellular signaling chain linking ROR2 to JNK
    • Catalytic status of the ROR2 kinase domain not addressed
  2. 2004 High

    Defined how ROR2 is activated despite its non-canonical mechanism by showing CKIε-mediated serine/threonine phosphorylation of the ST domain drives ROR2 tyrosine autophosphorylation within the PRD rather than the kinase domain.

    Evidence Co-IP, deletion mapping, and site-directed mutagenesis of autophosphorylation sites in cells

    PMID:15375164

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological ligand trigger for CKIε recruitment not established here
    • Functional consequence of GRK2 phosphorylation downstream unclear
  3. 2004 High

    Showed ROR2 integrates with BMP/GDF5 signaling by forming a ligand-independent complex with BMPR1B that modulates Smad pathways during chondrogenesis, broadening ROR2 beyond Wnt.

    Evidence Co-IP, transphosphorylation assay, Smad1/5 reporter, ATDC5 differentiation, and triple-mutant mouse epistasis

    PMID:15569154

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the Smad-independent pathway not defined
    • Direct relevance to human skeletal disease not tested
  4. 2006 High

    Linked ROR2 to actin cytoskeletal remodeling by identifying filamin A as a PRD-binding partner required for Wnt5a-induced filopodia and migration.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, domain mapping, siRNA of ROR2/filamin A, and filopodia/migration assays

    PMID:17101698

    Open questions at the time
    • GTPase intermediaries between ROR2 and actin not yet placed
    • Filamin A recruitment dynamics upon ligand binding not resolved
  5. 2007 High

    Dissected the cytoplasmic cascade by showing ROR2 signals through PI3K/Cdc42 to JNK/ATF2/c-Jun to transcribe PAPC, independent of β-catenin, defining a discrete non-canonical branch.

    Evidence Xenopus morpholino loss-of-function, pharmacological/dominant-negative epistasis, and reporter/rescue assays

    PMID:17488628

    Open questions at the time
    • How PI3K is activated by ROR2 not defined
    • Mammalian conservation of this exact branch not tested here
  6. 2007 High

    Identified GSK-3α as a kinase that directly phosphorylates ROR2 upon Wnt5a stimulation and is required for ROR2-driven migration, adding another priming kinase upstream of ROR2 activation.

    Evidence In vitro kinase reconstitution on immunoprecipitated ROR2, GSK-3 inhibitors, siRNA, and phospho-blots

    PMID:17986005

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphosites on ROR2 not mapped
    • Interplay between GSK-3α and CKIε/TAK1 priming unresolved
  7. 2008 Medium

    Demonstrated classic RTK-like behavior by showing Wnt5a, but not Wnt3a, induces ROR2 homodimerization, tyrosine autophosphorylation, and substrate (14-3-3β) phosphorylation, and defined TAK1 as an additional intracellular kinase regulated by ligand-dependent displacement.

    Evidence Co-IP dimerization, phosphotyrosine/substrate blots, osteoblast siRNA assays, and Wnt ligand displacement experiments

    PMID:18615587 PMID:18762249

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether tyrosine phosphorylation reflects intrinsic versus heterologous kinase activity not settled
    • PRTB role mechanistically thin
  8. 2009 High

    Established that ROR2 inhibits canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo and that its kinase function is required for transduction of Wnt5a signals.

    Evidence Kinase-dead/deletion mutants, β-catenin-TCF reporters, and Axin2-LacZ reporter in Ror2-null mice

    PMID:19720827

    Open questions at the time
    • Apparent kinase requirement later reconciled with pseudokinase status
    • Mechanism of β-catenin antagonism not fully defined
  9. 2009 Medium

    Connected ROR2 to cancer by showing Wnt5a drives PKC-dependent clathrin-mediated ROR2 internalization that is required for melanoma metastasis.

    Evidence siRNA, in vitro/in vivo metastasis assays, and pharmacological inhibition of PKC and clathrin

    PMID:19802008

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling consequence of internalization versus surface signaling not separated
    • Single-lab in vivo model
  10. 2009 High

    Provided a mechanistic basis for ROR2 disease genotype-phenotype correlation by showing BDB1 mutants reach the membrane while Robinow mutants are unstable and intracellularly retained.

    Evidence Stable mutant cell lines, membrane fractionation/stability blots, and compound heterozygous mouse crosses

    PMID:19640924

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling defects of each mutant class not directly measured
    • How retention maps to specific developmental defects unclear
  11. 2010 High

    Resolved the receptor architecture and effector chain for AP-1 activation, showing ROR2-Fz7 complexes drive Dishevelled polymerization and Rac1-dependent AP-1, with the ROR2 cytoplasmic region dispensable for Dvl regulation.

    Evidence Co-IP, Dvl polymerization and AP-1 reporter assays, domain deletions, and Rac1 co-localization imaging

    PMID:20457807

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciling cytoplasm-independent Dvl signaling with PRD-dependent migration not addressed
    • Stoichiometry of the ROR2-Fz-Dvl complex unknown
  12. 2010 Medium

    Added ShcA as an SH2-domain effector recruited to phospho-ROR2 upon Wnt5a-induced clustering, required for PAPC induction.

    Evidence Co-IP with domain mapping, live imaging of ROR2 clustering, and Xenopus morpholino/PAPC assays

    PMID:20732301

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream connection from ShcA to transcription not detailed
    • Single-lab finding
  13. 2012 High

    Defined a transcriptional output of ROR2-JNK signaling in bone, where c-Jun upregulates RANK to enhance osteoclastogenesis, and demonstrated therapeutic potential of soluble ROR2 as a Wnt5a decoy.

    Evidence Osteoclast-specific conditional KO, c-Jun ChIP on RANK promoter, JNK inhibitor, and decoy ROR2 in a mouse arthritis model

    PMID:22344299

    Open questions at the time
    • Other JNK target genes in osteoclasts not surveyed
    • Decoy specificity for Wnt5a versus other ligands not exhaustively tested
  14. 2014 High

    Reconciled prior 'kinase' claims by demonstrating human ROR1/ROR2 kinase domains are pseudokinases and that the extracellular domain alone suppresses canonical Wnt, shifting emphasis to scaffolding/receptor functions.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays of purified domains, consensus-residue mutagenesis, deletion constructs, and Wnt reporters across orthologs

    PMID:25029443

    Open questions at the time
    • How tyrosine phosphorylation occurs without intrinsic activity not fully mapped
    • Whether trace activity matters physiologically unresolved
  15. 2014 High

    Extended ROR2 ligand repertoire by showing it binds Wnt11 and signals via Dishevelled and RhoA, with specific intracellular residues (Y647, S863) essential for transduction.

    Evidence Co-IP, site-directed mutagenesis, dominant-negative ROR2, and zebrafish convergence/extension epistasis

    PMID:24928507

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Wnt11 uses the same co-receptors as Wnt5a not addressed
    • Functional role of the specific residues in mammals not tested
  16. 2015 High

    Identified PTK7 as a ROR2 co-receptor in the Wnt5a-JNK migration pathway, with ROR2 kinase function required for rescue of PTK7 loss, independently confirmed by two groups.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, JNK assays, kinase-dead Xenopus rescue, and live imaging

    PMID:26499793 PMID:26680417

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which a pseudokinase ROR2 is required for rescue unclear
    • Hierarchy among PTK7/Fz/ROR1 co-receptors not defined
  17. 2015 Medium

    Broadened ROR2 function into the nervous system, showing it maintains NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission through PKC and JNK in hippocampal neurons.

    Evidence Electrophysiology with ROR2 knockdown and PKC/JNK inhibitors plus Wnt ligand application

    PMID:25825749

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ROR2 substrates at the synapse not identified here
    • Specific Wnt ligand in neurons not defined
  18. 2016 High

    Showed Wnt5a-induced ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization recruits GEFs to activate Rac1 and RhoA driving leukemia cell proliferation and migration, with domain-specific roles mapped.

    Evidence Co-IP, domain deletions, GTPase activation assays, siRNA, and xenograft

    PMID:26690702

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the recruited GEFs not specified
    • Relative contribution of homo- versus heterooligomers unclear
  19. 2017 High

    Connected ROR2 to RhoA-Pkn3-cSrc signaling for actin-ring formation in osteoclast bone resorption, establishing pathway order via constitutively active RhoA rescue.

    Evidence Osteoclast-specific and global KO mice, co-IP, c-Src kinase assay, actin ring assays, bone morphometry, and RhoA rescue

    PMID:28851822

    Open questions at the time
    • How ROR2 activates RhoA upstream not detailed
    • Generalizability of Pkn3-cSrc axis to other cell types untested
  20. 2017 Medium

    Revealed a ROR2 mechanism for tumor invasiveness via IFT20-dependent Golgi ribbon organization and polarized secretion, linking ROR2 to membrane trafficking.

    Evidence siRNA of ROR2/IFT20, GM130-AKAP450 complex and Golgi imaging, microtubule nucleation, and invasion assays

    PMID:28127051

    Open questions at the time
    • How ROR2 regulates IFT20 expression not defined
    • Single-lab mechanism
  21. 2017 Medium

    Demonstrated ROR2's morphogenetic role in mammary epithelium, controlling branching and differentiation through actin/RhoA programs while antagonizing canonical Wnt.

    Evidence In vivo lentiviral shRNA, microarray, branching morphogenesis assays, and RhoA pathway analysis

    PMID:25624393

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct ROR2 effectors driving branching not pinpointed
    • Ligand source in mammary tissue not defined
  22. 2020 High

    Linked ROR2 to Hippo/YAP mechanotransduction in cartilage, showing ROR2 signaling drives Rho/G-protein-dependent nuclear YAP and that ROR2 blockade promotes chondrogenesis independent of Wnt.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression, YAP imaging, Rho/G-protein inhibitors, ADAMTS assays, mouse OA model, and human organoids

    PMID:32938794

    Open questions at the time
    • Ligand driving Wnt-independent ROR2 signaling unclear
    • How ROR2 couples to G-proteins not defined
  23. 2020 High

    Established a Wnt5a-Ror2-Vangl2 PCP cascade controlling cytoskeleton and PDGF secretion during alveologenesis, ordering the pathway genetically.

    Evidence Cell-type-specific conditional KO mice, cytoskeletal imaging, PDGF/migration assays, and epistasis

    PMID:32394892

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between ROR2 and Vangl2 not biochemically resolved
    • Direct effectors of cytoskeletal change not identified
  24. 2020 Medium

    Reported ROR2-dependent prostate cancer metastasis suppression via a miR-199a-5p-PIAS3-AKT2 axis, indicating context-dependent tumor-suppressive roles.

    Evidence ROR2 overexpression, miRNA/protein profiling, orthotopic xenograft, and tissue microarray IHC

    PMID:32415173

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which ROR2 regulates miR-199a-5p unclear
    • Reconciliation with pro-metastatic roles in other cancers not addressed
  25. 2020 Low

    Implicated ROR2 in inflammatory signaling, linking the Wnt5a/ROR2 axis to NF-κB activation and cytokine release in bronchial epithelium.

    Evidence siRNA of ROR2/Wnt5a, NF-κB translocation, cytokine ELISA, and PM2.5 stimulation

    PMID:33122903

    Open questions at the time
    • Single siRNA experiment with limited mechanistic depth
    • Direct ROR2-to-NF-κB link not established
    • Not independently confirmed
  26. 2021 High

    Defined ROR2's developmental role in tooth root formation through Cdc42-dependent mesenchymal proliferation, confirmed by activated-Cdc42 rescue.

    Evidence Dental mesenchyme conditional KO, Cdc42 activity assays, BrdU proliferation, and Cdc42 rescue

    PMID:33323370

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream link from ROR2 to Cdc42 not biochemically defined
    • Ligand source in dental mesenchyme not identified
  27. 2021 Medium

    Connected ROR2 to lipid metabolism and senescence, showing it represses SMS1 via STK4/FOXO1 to sustain sphingomyelin and prevent stem cell senescence.

    Evidence ROR2 knockdown/overexpression, STK4 phospho-assay, FOXO1 imaging, ChIP on SMS1, lipid measurement, and senescence assays

    PMID:34278704

    Open questions at the time
    • How ROR2 regulates STK4 phosphorylation unclear
    • Relationship to canonical Wnt5a signaling not defined
  28. 2022 High

    Showed ROR2 supports hair follicle stem cell activation and long-term maintenance, acting through PKC as a compensatory pathway in β-catenin-null cells and sustaining ATM/ATR DNA damage responses.

    Evidence Conditional KO, β-catenin KO HFSCs, ATM/ATR assays, PKC inhibitors, and hair cycle analysis

    PMID:35915068

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking ROR2 to DNA damage response unresolved
    • Direct ROR2-PKC coupling not biochemically mapped
  29. 2023 High

    Established that ROR2 expression status dictates whether Wnt5a activates or suppresses Hippo, with ROR2 driving MST1/2-LATS1-mediated suppression of YAP1 and a YAP-ROR2 feedback loop in prostate cancer.

    Evidence ROR2 and MST1/2 KO, phospho-assays of Hippo components, NF2 phosphorylation, and organoid/xenograft models

    PMID:36622276

    Open questions at the time
    • Biochemical link from ROR2 to MST1/2 not defined
    • Reconciliation with ROR2-driven nuclear YAP in cartilage unaddressed
  30. 2023 Medium

    Identified an ROR2-ERK/CREB-ASCL1 axis driving lineage plasticity in prostate cancer after AR inhibition, broadening ROR2's role in therapy resistance.

    Evidence ROR2 overexpression/knockdown, ERK/CREB phospho-assays, ASCL1 expression, and chromatin/lineage marker analysis

    PMID:37552603

    Open questions at the time
    • How ROR2 engages ERK/CREB upstream unclear
    • Single-lab finding
  31. 2023 High

    Revealed a paracrine mode of ROR2 action, demonstrating that active Wnt5b-ROR2 complexes are loaded onto cytonemes and transferred to recipient cells to activate PCP signaling independent of recipient ROR2 status.

    Evidence Live imaging of tagged Wnt5b-ROR2 on cytonemes, transplantation/mosaic experiments, and convergence/extension assays in zebrafish

    PMID:38123680

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular machinery loading complexes onto cytonemes unknown
    • How transferred complexes engage recipient signaling components unclear
  32. 2023 High

    Extended cytoneme-mediated ROR2 transfer to cancer, showing CAFs deliver ROR2 to gastric cancer cells to activate Wnt/JNK and promote migration.

    Evidence High-resolution live imaging of ROR2 transfer, JNK reporters in recipients, ROR2 blockade in CAFs, and zebrafish migration assays

    PMID:37722040

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor/machinery in recipient cells receiving ROR2 not defined
    • In vivo mammalian tumor validation pending

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How a catalytically deficient pseudokinase ROR2 produces context-opposite outputs (YAP activation versus suppression, tumor promotion versus suppression) and how it couples to diverse downstream kinases and GTPases remains unresolved.
  • No unifying biochemical model linking ROR2 conformation to effector choice
  • Cell-context determinants of opposing outputs undefined
  • Structural basis of ROR2 co-receptor selectivity unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3
Partners
CSNK1EFLNAFZD7MAP3K7PTK7ROR1SHC1WNT5A
Complex memberships
PTK7-ROR2 heterodimerROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerROR2-BMPR1B (BRI-b) complexROR2-Frizzled (Fz2/Fz7) Wnt receptor complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 36 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 Wnt5a binds directly to the extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of Ror2, and Ror2 associates via its CRD with Frizzled2 (rFz2). Wnt5a and Ror2 together activate the non-canonical JNK pathway and inhibit convergent extension movements in Xenopus, placing Ror2 as a receptor/co-receptor for Wnt5a in non-canonical Wnt signaling. In vitro binding assay (CRD-Wnt5a), co-immunoprecipitation (Ror2-rFz2), JNK activation assay in cultured cells, Xenopus convergent extension assay, Ror2-/- and Wnt5a-/- mouse phenotypic comparison Genes to cells High 12839624
2004 Ror2 associates with casein kinase Iε (CKIε) primarily via its cytoplasmic C-terminal proline-rich domain (PRD). CKIε phosphorylates Ror2 on serine/threonine residues in its ST2 domain, which in turn induces Ror2 autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues within the PRD (not the kinase domain). This CKIε-mediated activation of Ror2 then leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of GRK2 downstream. Co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis of tyrosine residues, in-cell phosphorylation assays, deletion mapping of Ror2 domains The Journal of biological chemistry High 15375164
2004 Ror2 physically interacts with BRI-b (BMPR1B) in a ligand-independent heteromeric complex requiring Ror2's CRD domain, and Ror2 is transphosphorylated by BRI-b within this complex. Ror2 modulates GDF5 signaling by inhibiting Smad1/5 and activating a Smad-independent pathway, both required for chondrogenic differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation, transphosphorylation assay, Smad1/5 reporter assay, ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation, genetic epistasis in Ror2/BRI-b/Gdf5 compound mutant mice Genes to cells High 15569154
2006 Ror2 mediates Wnt5a-induced cell migration via its extracellular CRD (required for Wnt5a binding) and its cytoplasmic PRD. Ror2 drives filopodia formation through actin reorganization by associating with filamin A via the PRD. Disruption of filopodia by knockdown of either Ror2 or filamin A inhibits Wnt5a-induced migration. Co-immunoprecipitation (Ror2-filamin A), domain deletion/mutation, siRNA knockdown of Ror2 and filamin A, cell migration assays, filopodia quantification by fluorescence imaging The Journal of cell biology High 17101698
2007 XWnt-5A/Xror2 signals through PI3-kinase and Cdc42 to activate the JNK cascade (via ATF2 and c-Jun) to transcriptionally upregulate XPAPC, independent of the canonical β-catenin pathway. This represents an alternative non-canonical Wnt branch controlling convergent extension in Xenopus gastrulation. Xenopus loss-of-function (morpholino), epistasis analysis (PI3K inhibitors, dominant-negative Cdc42), reporter assays for ATF2/c-Jun, XPAPC expression rescue Developmental cell High 17488628
2007 Wnt5a induces serine/threonine phosphorylation of Ror2 in a GSK-3α-dependent manner. GSK-3 inhibitors (LiCl, SB216763) or GSK-3α siRNA block Wnt5a-induced Ror2 phosphorylation and cell migration. Purified GSK-3α/β can directly phosphorylate immunoprecipitated Ror2 in vitro. In vitro kinase assay (purified GSK-3 on immunoprecipitated Ror2), GSK-3 inhibitors, siRNA knockdown of GSK-3α/β, western blot for phospho-Ror2 Genes to cells High 17986005
2008 Wnt5a induces Ror2 homodimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation in osteoblastic cells, and increases phosphorylation of the Ror2 substrate 14-3-3β, demonstrating classical RTK signaling activation. Wnt3a binds Ror2 but does not induce homodimerization or tyrosine phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation for homodimerization, phosphotyrosine western blot, substrate phosphorylation assay (14-3-3β), Ror2 siRNA knockdown in osteoblast differentiation assays Journal of cellular biochemistry Medium 18615587
2008 TAK1 (MAP3K) interacts with the intracellular domain of Ror2 and phosphorylates its C-terminal STP domain. This TAK1-dependent serine/threonine phosphorylation induces subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of Ror2 (including a MAPK-like TGY motif) independent of Ror2's own kinase domain. A second cytosolic factor, PRTB, also interacts with Ror2 and TAK1 to enhance this phosphorylation. Wnt1 binding displaces TAK1 from Ror2, while Wnt3a and Wnt5a do not, providing ligand-dependent regulation. Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, domain deletion analysis, Wnt ligand displacement assays Cellular signalling Medium 18762249
2009 Ror2 tyrosine kinase activity is required for transduction of Wnt5a non-canonical signaling. Mutation/deletion analysis showed kinase-dead Ror2 cannot mediate Wnt5a inhibition of β-catenin signaling. Loss of Ror2 in vivo (Ror2 null mice) results in increased Axin2-LacZ canonical Wnt reporter activity, confirming that Ror2 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in intact tissue. Kinase-dead and deletion mutants, Wnt reporter assays (β-catenin-TCF), in vivo Axin2-LacZ reporter in Ror2 null mice The Journal of biological chemistry High 19720827
2009 ROR2 mediates Wnt5A-dependent melanoma metastasis. Wnt5A increases ROR2 expression and induces PKC-dependent, clathrin-mediated internalization of ROR2. ROR2 knockdown decreases Wnt5A downstream signaling and inhibits Wnt5A-mediated metastasis in vitro and in vivo. siRNA knockdown of ROR2, in vitro and in vivo metastasis assays, pharmacological inhibition of PKC and clathrin, western blot for downstream signaling Oncogene Medium 19802008
2010 Ror2 associates with Frizzled7 (Fz7) via its extracellular CRD to form a receptor complex required for Wnt5a-induced Dishevelled (Dvl) polymerization and AP-1 activation. The cytoplasmic region of Ror2 is not required for Dvl regulation. Polymerized Dvl co-localizes with Rac1, and suppression of Rac1 inhibits Wnt5a-induced AP-1 activation. Both DIX and DEP domains of Dvl are indispensable for polymerization and AP-1 activation. Co-immunoprecipitation (Ror2-Fz7), Dvl polymerization assay, AP-1 reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, domain deletions, Rac1 co-localization imaging Molecular and cellular biology High 20457807
2010 ShcA is an intracellular binding partner of Ror2, interacting via its SH2 domain with a conserved phospho-tyrosine binding motif in Ror2. Wnt5a induces clustering of Ror2 at the cell membrane and recruitment of ShcA to the Ror2 receptor complex. ShcA is required for Wnt5a/Ror2-mediated upregulation of xPAPC in Xenopus. Co-immunoprecipitation (Ror2-ShcA), live imaging of Ror2 clustering, morpholino knockdown in Xenopus, PAPC expression assay Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 20732301
2012 Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in osteoclast precursors enhances osteoclastogenesis by activating JNK, which recruits c-Jun to the RANK promoter to increase RANK expression, thereby enhancing RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast precursor-specific Ror2 deficiency impairs osteoclastogenesis. A soluble form of Ror2 acts as a Wnt5a decoy receptor and abrogates bone destruction in arthritis. Conditional knockout mice (osteoclast-specific Ror2 KO), c-Jun ChIP on RANK promoter, JNK inhibitor, soluble Ror2 decoy in mouse arthritis model Nature medicine High 22344299
2014 ROR2 kinase domains of human ROR1 and ROR2 are catalytically deficient (pseudokinases), in contrast to the active C. elegans ortholog CAM-1. Non-consensus residues in ROR1/2 reduce kinase activity, and restoring consensus residues does not restore robust kinase function. The membrane-bound extracellular domain alone of ROR1 or ROR2 is sufficient to suppress canonical Wnt3a signaling and enhance Wnt5a suppression of Wnt3a. In vitro kinase activity assays of purified kinase domains, site-directed mutagenesis of non-consensus residues, domain deletion constructs, Wnt reporter assays PloS one High 25029443
2014 Ror2 physically interacts with Wnt11 and mediates Wnt11 signaling in zebrafish. Intracellular Tyr-647 and Ser-863 of Ror2 are essential for Wnt11 signal transduction. Dishevelled and RhoA act downstream of Wnt11-Ror2 to regulate convergence and extension movements. Co-immunoprecipitation (Ror2-Wnt11), site-directed mutagenesis of Ror2 (Y647, S863), dominant-negative Ror2, zebrafish morpholino and convergence/extension assays, epistasis with RhoA and Dvl The Journal of biological chemistry High 24928507
2015 PTK7 associates with ROR2 to form a heterodimeric complex in mammalian cells. PTK7 and ROR2 physically and functionally interact with WNT5A leading to JNK activation and cell movements. In Xenopus, Ror2 can rescue PTK7 loss-of-function migration defects, but a kinase-dead Ror2 mutant cannot, indicating Ror2 kinase activity is required for this rescue. Co-immunoprecipitation (PTK7-ROR2), JNK activation assay, Xenopus PTK7 morpholino rescue with Ror2, kinase-dead Ror2 mutant rescue experiment, live cell imaging The Journal of biological chemistry / PloS one High 26499793 26680417
2015 ROR2 functions as a Wnt receptor required to maintain basal NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission. ROR2 activation by non-canonical Wnt ligand activates PKC and JNK and acutely enhances NMDAR synaptic responses in hippocampal neurons. Electrophysiology (NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents), ROR2 knockdown, PKC and JNK inhibitors, Wnt ligand application to neurons Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 25825749
2016 Wnt5a induces ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization, which recruits guanine exchange factors (GEFs) to activate Rac1 and RhoA, promoting CLL cell proliferation and migration. The extracellular Kringle domain of ROR1 is required for ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization; the CRD or intracellular PRD of ROR1 is required for GEF recruitment. siRNA silencing of either ROR1 or ROR2 blocks these effects. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA silencing of ROR1 and ROR2, domain deletion mutants (Kringle, CRD, PRD), Rac1/RhoA GTPase activation assays, in vivo xenograft in immune-deficient mice The Journal of clinical investigation High 26690702
2017 Ror2 signaling promotes tumor invasiveness by upregulating IFT20, which regulates Golgi ribbon formation by affecting the GM130-AKAP450 complex (promoting Golgi-derived microtubule nucleation) and enhances transport efficiency through the Golgi complex, enabling polarized secretion for cell migration and invasion. siRNA knockdown of IFT20 and Ror2, GM130-AKAP450 complex analysis, Golgi morphology imaging, microtubule nucleation assay, invasion assays Scientific reports Medium 28127051
2017 Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in osteoclasts promotes bone resorption via Rho activation followed by Pkn3 binding to and enhancement of c-Src kinase activity, which is critical for actin ring formation. Osteoclast-specific Ror2 KO mice show increased bone mass, impaired bone resorption, and reduced c-Src/Pkn3 interaction. This phenotype is rescued by constitutively active RhoA. Osteoclast-specific Ror2 conditional KO mice, Pkn3-/- mice, co-immunoprecipitation (Pkn3-c-Src), c-Src kinase assay, actin ring formation assay, bone morphometry, constitutively active RhoA rescue Science signaling High 28851822
2017 Ror2 depletion in mammary epithelium increases branching and alters differentiation; loss of Ror2 causes marked changes in actin cytoskeleton-related genes and RhoA pathway alterations in in vitro branching morphogenesis models. Ror2 also antagonizes canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo in mammary tissue. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of Ror2 in vivo (mammary gland), microarray gene expression analysis, in vitro branching morphogenesis assay with cytoskeletal imaging, RhoA pathway analysis The Journal of cell biology Medium 25624393
2018 CK1ε associates with Ror2 (independent of p120-catenin, unlike its association with canonical Wnt receptors), stabilizes Ror2 protein, and is activated by Wnt5a via Fz-associated PP2A within the Ror2-Fz complex. p120-catenin maintains Ror2 at the plasma membrane; depletion of p120-catenin causes rapid clathrin-dependent internalization of Ror2. Both CK1ε and p120-catenin regulate downstream Wnt5a responses (SIAH2 transcription, cell invasion, actin polarization). Co-immunoprecipitation (CK1ε-Ror2, p120-Ror2), PP2A activity assay, clathrin inhibitor, siRNA knockdown, cell fractionation, SIAH2 reporter, invasion assay, actin imaging Molecular oncology Medium 29465811
2019 Lrp4 interacts with and activates Ror2 in hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells; Ror2 mutation impairs NSPC proliferation downstream of Agrin-Lrp4 signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation (Lrp4-Ror2), Ror2 conditional knockout in NSPCs, BrdU/EdU proliferation assays, genetic epistasis (Lrp4 mutation blocks Ror2 activity) eLife Medium 31268420
2020 ROR2 signaling induces G-protein and Rho-dependent nuclear accumulation of YAP (mechanotransducer), and YAP inhibition is required but not sufficient for ROR2 blockade-induced chondrogenesis in OA. ROR2 blockade suppresses ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 expression and promotes chondrogenic differentiation, independent of Wnt signaling. ROR2 siRNA/overexpression, YAP nuclear translocation imaging, Rho and G-protein inhibitors, ADAMTS enzyme expression assay, mouse instability OA model with ROR2 siRNA, human chondrocyte organoids Science translational medicine High 32938794
2020 ROR2 in the Wnt5a/Ror2 axis promotes Wnt5a-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) secretion in bronchial epithelial cells; ROR2 siRNA blocks NF-κB activity and cytokine release. siRNA knockdown of Ror2 and Wnt5a, NF-κB nuclear translocation assay, ELISA for cytokines, PM2.5 stimulation model International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Low 33122903
2020 A mammalian Wnt5a-Ror2-Vangl2 cascade controls the cytoskeleton in alveolar epithelial cells and myofibroblasts to regulate PDGF secretion, type I cell shape changes, and myofibroblast migration for alveologenesis. Conditional knockout mice (cell-type specific), cytoskeletal imaging, PDGF secretion assay, cell migration assay, genetic epistasis (Wnt5a-Ror2-Vangl2) eLife High 32394892
2021 Ror2-mediated non-canonical Wnt signaling in dental mesenchyme regulates cell proliferation during tooth root development via Cdc42 as a downstream mediator; activation of Cdc42 rescues cell proliferation and root development size defects in Ror2 mutant mice. Dental mesenchyme-specific Ror2 conditional KO mice, Cdc42 activity assays, cell proliferation (BrdU), constitutively active Cdc42 rescue experiment Development High 33323370
2022 ROR2 in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) is required for Wnt-activated signaling needed for HFSC activation and self-renewal, and also maintains ATM/ATR-dependent DNA damage response for long-term HFSC maintenance. In β-catenin-null HFSCs, ROR2-PKC signaling acts as a compensatory pathway to protect the stem cell pool. Ror2-depleted HFSC analysis (conditional KO), β-catenin KO HFSCs, ATM/ATR DNA damage assays, PKC inhibitor experiments, hair cycle analysis Nature communications High 35915068
2023 WNT5a signaling through ROR2 activates the Hippo pathway (increasing phosphorylation of MST1/2, LATS1, MOB1, YAP1) to suppress YAP1 activity and tumor growth. Deletion of MST1/2 abrogates the WNT5a response. In ROR2-negative cells, WNT5a suppresses Hippo (via NF2/Merlin phosphorylation), revealing that ROR2 expression status determines whether WNT5a activates or suppresses Hippo. YAP1 activity also feeds back to stimulate ROR2 and WNT5a expression. ROR2 knockout/knockdown, MST1/2 deletion, phosphorylation assays (MST1/2, LATS1, MOB1, YAP1), prostate cancer organoid and xenograft models, NF2/Merlin phosphorylation assay Cancer research High 36622276
2023 Active Wnt5b-Ror2 complexes form in producing cells and are loaded onto cytonemes (long signaling filopodia) for transfer to receiving cells in zebrafish. The transferred Ror2 complexes can activate Wnt-PCP signaling in receiving cells independently of the receiving cell's own Ror2 receptor status. Cytoneme-mediated Wnt5b-Ror2 complex spreading affects convergence and extension in zebrafish gastrula. Live fluorescence imaging of Wnt5b-Ror2 fluorescent fusions on cytonemes, cell transplantation experiments, convergence/extension assays in zebrafish, Ror2 loss-of-function receiving cells Nature High 38123680
2023 Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) transfer ROR2 to gastric cancer cells via cytonemes (signaling filopodia), and the transferred ROR2 activates Wnt/JNK signaling in receiving cells, promoting their polarization and migration. Blockage of ROR2 function in CAFs reduces paracrine Wnt/JNK signaling and migration of gastric cancer cells. High-resolution live imaging of fluorescent ROR2 transfer, JNK signaling reporter in receiving cells, ROR2 blockade in CAFs, zebrafish in vivo migration assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 37722040
2009 Differential protein stability and membrane localization of ROR2 mutants underlies the distinct phenotypes of BDB1 vs. Robinow syndrome: BDB1 mutant proteins are stable and reach the cell membrane, while RRS mutant proteins are less abundant and retained intracellularly. A gradient of membrane-associated ROR2 correlates with clinical phenotype severity, confirmed in compound heterozygous mice. Stably transfected cell lines expressing BDB1 and RRS mutants, cell fractionation, western blot for protein stability, membrane protein fraction quantification, compound heterozygous mouse crosses Human molecular genetics High 19640924
2023 ROR2 activates the ERK/CREB signaling pathway to upregulate the transcription factor ASCL1, which drives lineage plasticity (stem-cell-like and neuronal programs) in prostate cancer following AR pathway inhibition. ROR2 overexpression/knockdown in PCa cells, ERK/CREB phosphorylation assays, ASCL1 expression assay, chromatin assays, functional lineage marker analysis Cell reports Medium 37552603
2020 ROR2 suppresses prostate cancer metastasis via upregulation of PIAS3 (through suppression of miR-199a-5p), which decreases AKT2 phosphorylation, inhibiting EMT and migration/invasion in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft models. ROR2 overexpression in PCa cell lines, miRNA array and western blot, PIAS3 and AKT2 expression analysis, orthotopic xenograft model, tissue microarray IHC Cell death & disease Medium 32415173
2021 ROR2 promotes sphingomyelin biosynthesis by inhibiting STK4 phosphorylation, which promotes FOXO1 nuclear translocation where it represses SMS1 transcription; loss of ROR2 in DPSCs reduces sphingomyelin levels and promotes cellular senescence. ROR2 knockdown/overexpression, STK4 phosphorylation assay, FOXO1 nuclear localization imaging, ChIP for FOXO1 on SMS1 promoter, sphingomyelin measurement, senescence assays Aging cell Medium 34278704
2018 ROR2 in spinal neurons modulates neuropathic pain by phosphorylating GluN2B (NMDAR subunit) at Ser1303 and Tyr1472 via PKC and Src family kinase pathways. Intrathecal Wnt5a injection induces pain behaviors that are blocked by GluN2B, PKC, or Src inhibitors. CCI-induced spinal ROR2 upregulation involves CpG demethylation of the ROR2 promoter. Immunoprecipitation for GluN2B phosphorylation, siRNA knockdown of ROR2, intrathecal Wnt5a injection, pharmacological inhibitors (PKC, Src, GluN2B), CCI mouse model, bisulfite sequencing of ROR2 promoter British journal of anaesthesia Medium 30916039

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2017 Ror2 signaling regulates Golgi structure and transport through IFT20 for tumor invasiveness. Scientific reports 6932 28127051
2003 The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 is involved in non-canonical Wnt5a/JNK signalling pathway. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 610 12839624
2012 Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling between osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast precursors enhances osteoclastogenesis. Nature medicine 425 22344299
2007 Wnt-5A/Ror2 regulate expression of XPAPC through an alternative noncanonical signaling pathway. Developmental cell 235 17488628
2000 Recessive Robinow syndrome, allelic to dominant brachydactyly type B, is caused by mutation of ROR2. Nature genetics 233 10932186
2000 Mutation of the gene encoding the ROR2 tyrosine kinase causes autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome. Nature genetics 199 10932187
2000 Ror2, encoding a receptor-like tyrosine kinase, is required for cartilage and growth plate development. Nature genetics 198 10700181
2008 Wnt5a regulates directional cell migration and cell proliferation via Ror2-mediated noncanonical pathway in mammalian palate development. Development (Cambridge, England) 189 18948417
2006 Filopodia formation mediated by receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 is required for Wnt5a-induced cell migration. The Journal of cell biology 175 17101698
2000 Dominant mutations in ROR2, encoding an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase, cause brachydactyly type B. Nature genetics 175 10700182
2009 The orphan tyrosine kinase receptor, ROR2, mediates Wnt5A signaling in metastatic melanoma. Oncogene 164 19802008
2016 Wnt5a induces ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization to enhance leukemia chemotaxis and proliferation. The Journal of clinical investigation 162 26690702
2010 Ror2/Frizzled complex mediates Wnt5a-induced AP-1 activation by regulating Dishevelled polymerization. Molecular and cellular biology 147 20457807
2009 Ror2 receptor requires tyrosine kinase activity to mediate Wnt5A signaling. The Journal of biological chemistry 141 19720827
2000 Distinct mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase gene ROR2 cause brachydactyly type B. American journal of human genetics 136 10986040
2001 Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase genes, Ror1 and Ror2, during mouse development. Mechanisms of development 128 11429290
2004 The orphan receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 modulates canonical Wnt signaling in osteoblastic cells. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 120 15388793
2008 Wnt5a induces homodimerization and activation of Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Journal of cellular biochemistry 108 18615587
2001 Expression of the Ror1 and Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase genes during mouse development. Development genes and evolution 108 11455430
2009 Ror2, a developmentally regulated kinase, promotes tumor growth potential in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 89 19448672
2015 The PTK7 and ROR2 Protein Receptors Interact in the Vertebrate WNT/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) Pathway. The Journal of biological chemistry 86 26499793
2015 Ror2 as a therapeutic target in cancer. Pharmacology & therapeutics 81 25614331
2009 Orphan receptor tyrosine kinase ROR2 as a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma. Cancer science 80 19486338
2004 The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 associates with and is activated by casein kinase Iepsilon. The Journal of biological chemistry 80 15375164
2004 Modulation of GDF5/BRI-b signalling through interaction with the tyrosine kinase receptor Ror2. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 80 15569154
2007 Wnt5a modulates glycogen synthase kinase 3 to induce phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 76 17986005
2003 One gene, two phenotypes: ROR2 mutations in autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome and autosomal dominant brachydactyly type B. Human mutation 69 12815588
2012 Orphan receptor tyrosine kinases ROR1 and ROR2 in hematological malignancies. Leukemia & lymphoma 68 22988987
2013 The dual role of the novel Wnt receptor tyrosine kinase, ROR2, in human carcinogenesis. International journal of cancer 65 23233346
2012 ROR1 and ROR2 in Human Malignancies: Potentials for Targeted Therapy. Frontiers in oncology 62 22655270
2006 The orphan receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 promotes osteoblast differentiation and enhances ex vivo bone formation. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 62 17095577
2017 Protein kinase N3 promotes bone resorption by osteoclasts in response to Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling. Science signaling 61 28851822
2015 Targeting the ROR1 and ROR2 receptors in epithelial ovarian cancer inhibits cell migration and invasion. Oncotarget 60 26515598
2010 The Wnt5a/Ror2 noncanonical signaling pathway inhibits canonical Wnt signaling in K562 cells. International journal of molecular medicine 55 21069266
2016 Migration and invasion is inhibited by silencing ROR1 and ROR2 in chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Oncogenesis 49 27239958
2020 ROR2 blockade as a therapy for osteoarthritis. Science translational medicine 48 32938794
2010 Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) and Indian hedgehog regulate digit outgrowth mediated by the phalanx-forming region. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48 20660756
2015 Wnt5a/Ror2 mediates temporomandibular joint subchondral bone remodeling. Journal of dental research 47 25749876
2012 Expression of WNT-5a and ROR2 correlates with disease severity in osteosarcoma. Molecular medicine reports 47 22293903
2019 Agrin-Lrp4-Ror2 signaling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. eLife 45 31268420
2012 Myeloma cells inhibit non-canonical wnt co-receptor ror2 expression in human bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells: effect of wnt5a/ror2 pathway activation on the osteogenic differentiation impairment induced by myeloma cells. Leukemia 45 22781592
2015 Ror2 regulates branching, differentiation, and actin-cytoskeletal dynamics within the mammary epithelium. The Journal of cell biology 44 25624393
2020 PM2.5 Induces the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines via the Wnt5a/Ror2 Pathway in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 43 33122903
2023 WNT5a Signaling through ROR2 Activates the Hippo Pathway to Suppress YAP1 Activity and Tumor Growth. Cancer research 41 36622276
2017 Ror2-mediated alternative Wnt signaling regulates cell fate and adhesion during mammary tumor progression. Oncogene 40 28650466
2014 Ror2 receptor mediates Wnt11 ligand signaling and affects convergence and extension movements in zebrafish. The Journal of biological chemistry 40 24928507
2023 Cytoneme-mediated transport of active Wnt5b-Ror2 complexes in zebrafish. Nature 39 38123680
2008 Wnt-ligand-dependent interaction of TAK1 (TGF-beta-activated kinase-1) with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 modulates canonical Wnt-signalling. Cellular signalling 39 18762249
2020 A mammalian Wnt5a-Ror2-Vangl2 axis controls the cytoskeleton and confers cellular properties required for alveologenesis. eLife 38 32394892
2019 The WNT receptor ROR2 drives the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the microenvironment through AKT activation. Leukemia 37 31148590
2017 Ror2 Signaling and Its Relevance in Breast Cancer Progression. Frontiers in oncology 37 28695110
2015 RoR2 functions as a noncanonical Wnt receptor that regulates NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 36 25825749
2009 Ror2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia of the oral cavity. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics 36 19217015
2020 ROR2 suppresses metastasis of prostate cancer via regulation of miR-199a-5p-PIAS3-AKT2 signaling axis. Cell death & disease 33 32415173
2021 Adipocyte-secreted microvesicle-derived miR-148a regulates adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation by targeting Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway. Life sciences 32 33930365
2018 ROR2 modulates neuropathic pain via phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B in rats. British journal of anaesthesia 32 30916039
2005 Comparative genomics on ROR1 and ROR2 orthologs. Oncology reports 32 16211313
2019 Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway contributes to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids 31 31678514
2017 Silencing ROR1 and ROR2 inhibits invasion and adhesion in an organotypic model of ovarian cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 31 29348860
2016 Critical role of Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase in regulating cell cycle progression of reactive astrocytes following brain injury. Glia 31 27726178
2009 A gradient of ROR2 protein stability and membrane localization confers brachydactyly type B or Robinow syndrome phenotypes. Human molecular genetics 31 19640924
2018 ROR1 and ROR2 play distinct and opposing roles in endometrial cancer. Gynecologic oncology 30 29395309
2006 Cloning and expression pattern of chicken Ror2 and functional characterization of truncating mutations in Brachydactyly type B and Robinow syndrome. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 29 17061261
2023 Cancer-associated fibroblasts influence Wnt/PCP signaling in gastric cancer cells by cytoneme-based dissemination of ROR2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 28 37722040
2020 ROR2 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating MAPK/p38 signaling pathway in breast cancer. Journal of cellular biochemistry 28 32048761
2014 Evolutionary divergence in the catalytic activity of the CAM-1, ROR1 and ROR2 kinase domains. PloS one 28 25029443
2016 CD13 and ROR2 Permit Isolation of Highly Enriched Cardiac Mesoderm from Differentiating Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem cell reports 27 26771355
2022 Roles of Wnt Signaling Pathway and ROR2 Receptor in Embryonic Development: An Update Review Article. Epigenetics insights 25 35128307
2016 ROR2 is epigenetically inactivated in the early stages of colorectal neoplasia and is associated with proliferation and migration. BMC cancer 25 27440078
2020 Affinity maturation, humanization, and co-crystallization of a rabbit anti-human ROR2 monoclonal antibody for therapeutic applications. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 32193207
2015 The Orphan Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ROR2 Facilitates MSCs to Repair Lung Injury in ARDS Animal Model. Cell transplantation 24 26531175
2021 Ror2-mediated non-canonical Wnt signaling regulates Cdc42 and cell proliferation during tooth root development. Development (Cambridge, England) 23 33323370
2015 Human Cytomegalovirus Modulates Expression of Noncanonical Wnt Receptor ROR2 To Alter Trophoblast Migration. Journal of virology 23 26559837
2014 Expression of Ror2 mediates invasive phenotypes in renal cell carcinoma. PloS one 23 25542006
2013 Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) expression creates a poised state of Wnt signaling in renal cancer. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 23893409
2008 The mutation ROR2W749X, linked to human BDB, is a recessive mutation in the mouse, causing brachydactyly, mediating patterning of joints and modeling recessive Robinow syndrome. Development (Cambridge, England) 23 18353862
2015 A PTK7/Ror2 Co-Receptor Complex Affects Xenopus Neural Crest Migration. PloS one 22 26680417
2014 Live imaging of Xwnt5A-ROR2 complexes. PloS one 22 25313906
2014 BDB: databank of PDB files with consistent B-factors. Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS 22 25336027
2010 Wnt5a/Ror2-induced upregulation of xPAPC requires xShcA. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 20732301
2019 Wnt5a induces ROR1 and ROR2 to activate RhoA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer management and research 21 31114334
2017 Functional characterization of BdB1, a well-conserved carboxylesterase among tephritid fruit flies associated with malathion resistance in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP 21 28697978
2020 Antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo of BDB, a selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, from Rhodomela confervoides. British journal of pharmacology 20 32663313
2015 Wnt5a, Ryk and Ror2 expression in glioblastoma subgroups. Pathology, research and practice 20 26596412
2022 Dihydromyricetin protects against high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction: Role of HIF-1α/ROR2/NF-κB. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 19 35752009
2019 ROR1 and ROR2-novel targets for neuroblastoma. Pediatric hematology and oncology 19 31441359
2023 ASCL1 is activated downstream of the ROR2/CREB signaling pathway to support lineage plasticity in prostate cancer. Cell reports 18 37552603
2022 ROR2 Downregulation Activates the MSX2/NSUN2/p21 Regulatory Axis and Promotes Dental Pulp Stem Cell Senescence. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 18 35356984
2020 ROR2 knockdown suppresses breast cancer growth through PI3K/ATK signaling. Aging 18 32614787
2021 Downregulation of ROR2 promotes dental pulp stem cell senescence by inhibiting STK4-FOXO1/SMS1 axis in sphingomyelin biosynthesis. Aging cell 17 34278704
2021 Ror2 mediates chronic post-thoracotomy pain by inducing the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes in rats. Cellular signalling 17 34728368
2019 ROR2 induces cell apoptosis via activating IRE1α/JNK/CHOP pathway in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Journal of translational medicine 17 31878941
2022 Cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in the dual role of ROR2 in cancer. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 16 35032666
2022 ROR2 regulates self-renewal and maintenance of hair follicle stem cells. Nature communications 16 35915068
2019 Genetic interactions between Ror2 and Wnt9a, Ror1 and Wnt9a and Ror2 and Ror1: Phenotypic analysis of the limb skeleton and palate in compound mutants. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 16 30801848
2018 CK1ε and p120-catenin control Ror2 function in noncanonical Wnt signaling. Molecular oncology 16 29465811
2017 ROR2 receptor promotes the migration of osteosarcoma cells in response to Wnt5a. Cancer cell international 16 29213214
2024 ROR2 Regulates Cellular Plasticity in Pancreatic Neoplasia and Adenocarcinoma. Cancer discovery 15 38975886
2020 The role of WNT5A and Ror2 in peritoneal membrane injury. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 15 32052562
2017 Comparative study of ROR2 and WNT5a expression in squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. World journal of gastroenterology 15 28465645

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