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Showing SCARA3 — CSR1 is a alias.

SCARA3

Scavenger receptor class A member 3 · UniProt Q6AZY7

Length
606 aa
Mass
65.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
92 papers in source corpus 11 papers cited in narrative 11 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 4/5 claims corpus-supported (80%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SCARA3 (CSR1) is a macrophage scavenger receptor-like protein originally identified as a stress-inducible cytoprotective factor whose transcription is strongly induced by UV irradiation and hydrogen peroxide and whose overexpression depletes reactive oxygen species under oxidative stress (PMID:9580669), a protective role recapitulated in myeloma cells where SCARA3 buffers oxidative damage and modulates sensitivity to dexamethasone and bortezomib (PMID:23537707). Beyond cytoprotection, SCARA3 acts as a tumor suppressor across prostate, hepatocellular, and lung cancers, reducing proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and tumor formation in xenografts (PMID:16436673, PMID:28975986, PMID:35578316). It promotes cell death through two distinct C-terminal protein interactions: binding CPSF3 (residues 440–543) to drive its nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation and inhibit mRNA polyadenylation (PMID:18806823), and binding XIAP (residues 513–572) to relieve XIAP-mediated inhibition of caspase-9 and caspase-3, thereby activating apoptosis (PMID:22683311). SCARA3 abundance is tightly controlled: SUMOylation at K582 triggers ubiquitination and degradation, which is antagonized by SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation to stabilize the protein and enhance its pro-death activity (PMID:29705808), while miR-650 post-transcriptionally represses SCARA3 by targeting its 3' UTR (PMID:25956032). SCARA3 additionally restrains PI3K/AKT signaling via association with HPIP in hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:28975986) and directs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate toward osteogenesis over adipogenesis through Foxo1 and autophagy (PMID:34254370).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1998 Medium

    Established SCARA3's founding identity and function: an oxidative-stress-inducible scavenger receptor-like gene that protects cells by depleting reactive oxygen species, answering what this novel gene does under cellular stress.

    Evidence Gene cloning with Northern blot induction and ROS measurement in overexpressing cells under oxidative stress

    PMID:9580669

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of ROS scavenging not defined
    • No identified ligand or substrate for the scavenger-like domain
    • Single lab, single study
  2. 2006 High

    Showed SCARA3 is a functional tumor suppressor, reframing the stress-response gene as a growth-and-invasion suppressor relevant to cancer.

    Evidence Overexpression in DU145/PC3 prostate cancer lines (colony, soft agar, invasion), PC3 xenografts, and promoter methylation analysis of clinical samples

    PMID:16436673

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of growth suppression not yet identified
    • Limited to prostate cancer models
  3. 2008 High

    Identified the first molecular effector mechanism for SCARA3-induced death: C-terminal binding to CPSF3 that relocalizes it from nucleus to cytoplasm and inhibits mRNA polyadenylation.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, subcellular fractionation, in vitro/in vivo polyadenylation assays, and binding-domain mutant rescue

    PMID:18806823

    Open questions at the time
    • Which polyadenylation targets drive cell death not defined
    • Link between scavenger function and CPSF3 binding unresolved
  4. 2012 High

    Defined a second pro-death mechanism: C-terminal binding to XIAP that derepresses caspase-9 and caspase-3, directly connecting SCARA3 to apoptotic execution.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, recombinant protein binding, co-IP, caspase activity assays, and reciprocal domain-mapping mutants of SCARA3 and XIAP

    PMID:22683311

    Open questions at the time
    • How CPSF3 and XIAP mechanisms are coordinated not established
    • Conditions selecting one death pathway over the other unknown
  5. 2013 Medium

    Extended the cytoprotective role to myeloma, showing SCARA3 sets the threshold for oxidative-stress-induced killing and modulates chemotherapy/radiation sensitivity.

    Evidence Knockdown and overexpression in myeloma lines with dexamethasone/bortezomib treatment and viability assays

    PMID:23537707

    Open questions at the time
    • Apparent tension between pro-survival (oxidative) and pro-death (tumor suppressor) roles not reconciled
    • Single lab
  6. 2014 Medium

    Linked SCARA3 to hypoxic signaling via interaction with NADPH-P450 reductase, broadening its stress-response role beyond ROS scavenging.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, overexpression and siRNA in Hep3B cells, erythropoietin and HRE reporter assays under hypoxia

    PMID:24491563

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism connecting NPR binding to HRE activity unresolved
    • Single lab, not independently confirmed
  7. 2015 High

    Established post-transcriptional control of SCARA3 by miR-650, explaining how its tumor-suppressor levels are downregulated in cancer.

    Evidence 3' UTR luciferase reporter with target-site mutagenesis, miR-650 inhibitor, qRT-PCR, functional and cell-cycle assays, and xenograft

    PMID:25956032

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream regulation of miR-650 not addressed
    • Other regulatory miRNAs not surveyed
  8. 2017 Medium

    Defined a signaling mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma: SCARA3 binds HPIP and suppresses PI3K/AKT activation to restrain proliferation and metastasis.

    Evidence Co-IP for SCARA3–HPIP, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout plus overexpression, proliferation/migration/invasion assays, Western blot for PI3K/AKT

    PMID:28975986

    Open questions at the time
    • SCARA3–HPIP binding interface not mapped
    • Single Co-IP without reciprocal structural validation
    • Single lab
  9. 2018 High

    Revealed SUMO-dependent control of SCARA3 stability: SUMOylation at K582 drives degradation and SENP1 deSUMOylation rescues the protein to enhance its pro-death activity.

    Evidence IP-proteomics, GST pulldown, in vivo SUMOylation assay, CRISPR Senp1-/- and CSR1-/- cells, FACS apoptosis

    PMID:29705808

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase mediating ubiquitination not identified
    • SUMO E3 for K582 not defined
  10. 2021 High

    Uncovered a developmental role distinct from cancer: SCARA3 directs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate toward osteogenesis via Foxo1 and autophagy flux.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression in BMSCs, differentiation marker assays, Foxo1/autophagy readouts, AAV overexpression in OVX and aged mice with micro-CT/histology

    PMID:34254370

    Open questions at the time
    • How SCARA3 promotes Foxo1 expression mechanistically unknown
    • Relationship to its cancer/death functions unclear
  11. 2022 Medium

    Generalized the tumor-suppressor and chemosensitization roles to lung cancer through AKT/JNK signaling and EMT suppression.

    Evidence Overexpression in lung cancer lines, viability and Transwell assays, Western blot for EMT and AKT/JNK, nude mouse xenograft

    PMID:35578316

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding partner in lung cancer not identified
    • Mechanistic link to AKT/JNK indirect
    • Single lab

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How SCARA3's scavenger-receptor-like architecture and oxidative cytoprotection mechanistically integrate with its cytoplasmic protein-interaction-driven apoptosis, stem cell fate, and signaling functions remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of the protein or its interaction domains
  • Ligand/substrate of the scavenger-like domain unknown
  • Reconciliation of pro-survival and pro-death roles not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016209 antioxidant activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 1 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
CPSF3HPIPPORSENP1XIAP

Evidence

Reading pass · 11 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1998 CSR (SCARA3) was identified as a novel macrophage scavenger receptor-like gene whose transcription is strongly induced in normal fibroblasts by UV irradiation or hydrogen peroxide. Overexpression of CSR in cells caused significant depletion of reactive oxygen species under oxidative stress conditions, indicating the CSR protein protects cells by scavenging oxidative molecules or harmful products of oxidation. Gene cloning, Northern blot for expression induction, and ROS measurement in CSR-overexpressing cells under oxidative stress Human molecular genetics Medium 9580669
2006 CSR1 (SCARA3) functions as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Forced expression of CSR1 in prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 caused 2–3 fold decrease in colony formation, 10-fold reduction in anchorage-independent growth, and 3-fold decrease in invasion in vitro. In xenograft models, CSR1 expression in PC3 cells produced >8-fold reduction in tumor size and abolished invasion and mortality. Overexpression in prostate cancer cell lines (colony formation, soft agar, invasion assays), PC3 xenograft mouse model, methylation analysis of CSR1 promoter in clinical samples The American journal of pathology High 16436673
2008 CSR1 induces cell death by directly binding to CPSF3 (cleavage and polyadenylation-specific factor 3) via its C-terminus (amino acids 440–543). This interaction causes translocation of CPSF3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, resulting in inhibition of mRNA polyadenylation both in vitro and in vivo. A CSR1 mutant unable to bind CPSF3 did not alter CPSF3 subcellular distribution, did not inhibit polyadenylation, and did not induce cell death. Yeast two-hybrid screen of prostate cDNA library, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation/localization, in vitro and in vivo polyadenylation assays, CSR1 binding-domain mutant analysis, siRNA knockdown of CPSF3 Oncogene High 18806823
2012 CSR1 interacts with X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) via its C-terminus (amino acids 513–572). Binding of CSR1 to XIAP prevents XIAP from inhibiting caspase-9 and caspase-3, thereby enhancing their protease activities and accelerating cell death. A CSR1 mutant that cannot bind XIAP did not activate caspases or induce cell death; a XIAP mutant that cannot interact with caspase-9 also abolished CSR1-induced cell death. Yeast two-hybrid screening, in vitro recombinant protein-binding analyses, Co-IP, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity assays, XIAP knockdown (siRNA), XIAP overexpression, domain-mapping mutants The American journal of pathology High 22683311
2013 SCARA3 expression is induced in multiple myeloma cells upon treatment with oxidative stressors (ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs). SCARA3 protects myeloma cells against oxidative stress-induced cell killing; SCARA3 knockdown sensitized myeloma cells to dexamethasone and bortezomib, while SCARA3 upregulation inhibited their cytotoxic effects. SCARA3 knockdown and overexpression in myeloma cell lines, drug treatment (dexamethasone, bortezomib), cell viability assays, epigenetic inactivation analysis Leukemia research Medium 23537707
2014 CSR (SCARA3) interacts with NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR) and acts as a new regulator of the hypoxic response. Overexpression of CSR enhanced induction of erythropoietin and hypoxia response element (HRE) activity under hypoxia in Hep3B cells, while knockdown of CSR suppressed these responses. Yeast two-hybrid identification of CSR-NPR interaction, overexpression and siRNA knockdown of CSR in Hep3B cells, erythropoietin and HRE reporter assays under hypoxia Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 24491563
2015 miR-650 suppresses CSR1 (SCARA3) expression by directly targeting a site in the 3' UTR of CSR1 mRNA. Inhibition of miR-650 in prostate cancer cells increased CSR1 expression levels, suppressed colony formation, and blocked S-phase cell cycle entry. Mutation of the miR-650 target site in the CSR1 3' UTR completely abrogated miR-650's regulatory activity. Luciferase reporter assay with CSR1 3' UTR, 3' UTR target-site mutagenesis, miR-650 inhibitor treatment, qRT-PCR, colony formation and cell cycle assays, xenograft mouse model The American journal of pathology High 25956032
2017 CSR1 (SCARA3) suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by directly associating with hematopoietic PBX interacting protein (HPIP) and inhibiting downstream PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Overexpression of CSR1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of CSR1 had the opposite effects. Co-immunoprecipitation assay (CSR1–HPIP interaction), CRISPR-Cas9 knockout, overexpression, MTT proliferation assay, scratch wound and Matrigel invasion assays, Western blot for PI3K/AKT pathway European review for medical and pharmacological sciences Medium 28975986
2018 CSR1 (SCARA3) is SUMOylated at lysine 582 and subsequently rapidly ubiquitinated and degraded in prostate cancer cells. SENP1, a SUMO-specific protease, interacts with and deSUMOylates CSR1, preventing its degradation and enhancing CSR1-dependent prostate cancer cell death. Immunoprecipitation-based proteomics screen, GST pulldown assay, in vivo SUMOylation assay, CRISPR-based generation of Senp1-/- and CSR1-/- cells, FACS apoptosis assay Cellular physiology and biochemistry High 29705808
2021 Scara3 regulates the fate switch of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by promoting Foxo1 expression and autophagy flux. Deletion of Scara3 favored adipogenesis over osteogenesis, while overexpression promoted osteogenesis at the expense of adipogenesis. In vivo, adeno-associated virus-mediated Scara3 overexpression in bone marrow promoted bone formation and reduced bone marrow fat accumulation in ovariectomized and aged mice. siRNA knockdown and overexpression in BMSCs, qPCR and Western blot for differentiation markers, cell staining (Oil Red O, Alizarin Red), Western blot and immunofluorescence for Foxo1 and autophagy, intra-bone marrow AAV injection in OVX and aged mice, micro-CT and histology Cell proliferation High 34254370
2022 Overexpression of SCARA3 in lung cancer cells inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, reduced EMT markers (β-catenin, vimentin, MMP9), and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin via the AKT and JNK signaling pathways. The anti-tumor effects were confirmed in a mouse xenograft model. SCARA3 overexpression in lung cancer cell lines, cell viability assay, Transwell migration/invasion, Western blot for EMT markers and AKT/JNK pathway, BALB/C nude mouse xenograft BMC cancer Medium 35578316

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 92 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 The Argonaute CSR-1 and its 22G-RNA cofactors are required for holocentric chromosome segregation. Cell 359 19804758
2015 Regulation of bacterial virulence by Csr (Rsm) systems. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 284 25833324
2012 Post-transcriptional regulation on a global scale: form and function of Csr/Rsm systems. Environmental microbiology 237 22672726
2011 Circuitry linking the Csr and stringent response global regulatory systems. Molecular microbiology 150 21488981
2009 CDE-1 affects chromosome segregation through uridylation of CSR-1-bound siRNAs. Cell 149 19804759
2011 Integration of a complex regulatory cascade involving the SirA/BarA and Csr global regulatory systems that controls expression of the Salmonella SPI-1 and SPI-2 virulence regulons through HilD. Molecular microbiology 124 21518393
2001 Regulatory interactions of Csr components: the RNA binding protein CsrA activates csrB transcription in Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 112 11567002
2008 A Csr-type regulatory system, including small non-coding RNAs, regulates the global virulence regulator RovA of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis through RovM. Molecular microbiology 100 18430141
1998 CSR, a scavenger receptor-like protein with a protective role against cellular damage causedby UV irradiation and oxidative stress. Human molecular genetics 90 9580669
2009 Complex regulatory network encompassing the Csr, c-di-GMP and motility systems of Salmonella Typhimurium. Environmental microbiology 85 19919539
2012 The Csr/Rsm system of Yersinia and related pathogens: a post-transcriptional strategy for managing virulence. RNA biology 78 22336760
2014 Global effects of the CSR-1 RNA interference pathway on the transcriptional landscape. Nature structural & molecular biology 71 24681887
2014 Molecular basis for the wide range of affinity found in Csr/Rsm protein-RNA recognition. Nucleic acids research 69 24561806
2008 Roles of Zinc-responsive transcription factor Csr1 in filamentous growth of the pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 64 18309267
2015 CSR-1 and P granules suppress sperm-specific transcription in the C. elegans germline. Development (Cambridge, England) 61 25968310
2012 CSR-1 RNAi pathway positively regulates histone expression in C. elegans. The EMBO journal 54 22863779
2006 CSR1 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of prostate cancer. The American journal of pathology 50 16436673
2020 Biological Management of Banana Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Using Antagonistic Fungal Isolate CSR-T-3 (Trichoderma reesei). Frontiers in microbiology 46 33391212
2013 The carbon storage regulator (Csr) system exerts a nutrient-specific control over central metabolism in Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917. PloS one 44 23840455
2016 Circuitry Linking the Catabolite Repression and Csr Global Regulatory Systems of Escherichia coli. Journal of bacteriology 42 27551019
2008 CSR1 induces cell death through inactivation of CPSF3. Oncogene 42 18806823
2021 Two isoforms of the essential C. elegans Argonaute CSR-1 differentially regulate sperm and oocyte fertility. Nucleic acids research 39 34329465
2013 Scavenger receptor class A member 3 (SCARA3) in disease progression and therapy resistance in multiple myeloma. Leukemia research 36 23537707
2016 The post-transcriptional regulatory system CSR controls the balance of metabolic pools in upper glycolysis of Escherichia coli. Molecular microbiology 35 26833659
2015 Oncogenic Activity of miR-650 in Prostate Cancer Is Mediated by Suppression of CSR1 Expression. The American journal of pathology 35 25956032
2021 Arginine methylation promotes siRNA-binding specificity for a spermatogenesis-specific isoform of the Argonaute protein CSR-1. Nature communications 33 34244496
2021 Scara3 regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate switch between osteoblasts and adipocytes by promoting Foxo1. Cell proliferation 33 34254370
2017 Regulation of host-pathogen interactions via the post-transcriptional Csr/Rsm system. Current opinion in microbiology 32 29207313
2014 Comparative functional characterization of the CSR-1 22G-RNA pathway in Caenorhabditis nematodes. Nucleic acids research 31 25510497
1995 Chaser (Csr), a new gene affecting larval foraging behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 31 8536975
2019 Vibrio cholerae CsrA Directly Regulates varA To Increase Expression of the Three Nonredundant Csr Small RNAs. mBio 29 31164471
2011 SCARA3 mRNA is overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma compared with breast carcinoma effusions. Human pathology 28 21855113
2017 Circuitry Linking the Global Csr- and σE-Dependent Cell Envelope Stress Response Systems. Journal of bacteriology 27 28924029
2017 Lon protease modulates virulence traits in Erwinia amylovora by direct monitoring of major regulators and indirectly through the Rcs and Gac-Csr regulatory systems. Molecular plant pathology 26 28509355
2015 Csr1/Zap1 Maintains Zinc Homeostasis and Influences Virulence in Candida dubliniensis but Is Not Coupled to Morphogenesis. Eukaryotic cell 24 26002718
2014 A direct link between the global regulator PhoP and the Csr regulon in Y. pseudotuberculosis through the small regulatory RNA CsrC. RNA biology 24 24786463
2014 Identification of SCARA3, SCARA5 and MARCO of class A scavenger receptor-like family in Pseudosciaena crocea. Fish & shellfish immunology 24 25218683
2005 Impaired class switch recombination (CSR) in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) despite apparently normal CSR machinery. Blood 24 16317092
2014 Adaptation of Tri-molecular fluorescence complementation allows assaying of regulatory Csr RNA-protein interactions in bacteria. Biotechnology and bioengineering 21 25080893
2014 Bright luminescence of Vibrio fischeri aconitase mutants reveals a connection between citrate and the Gac/Csr regulatory system. Molecular microbiology 20 25402589
2018 Class-Switch Recombination (CSR)/Hyper-IgM (HIGM) Syndromes and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Defects. Frontiers in immunology 19 30319630
2017 The Csr System Regulates Escherichia coli Fitness by Controlling Glycogen Accumulation and Energy Levels. mBio 19 29089432
2013 A multitasking Argonaute: exploring the many facets of C. elegans CSR-1. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 19 24178449
2021 The Rsm (Csr) post-transcriptional regulatory pathway coordinately controls multiple CRISPR-Cas immune systems. Nucleic acids research 17 34403463
2022 SCARA3 inhibits cell proliferation and EMT through AKT signaling pathway in lung cancer. BMC cancer 16 35578316
2013 The ribonucleoprotein Csr network. International journal of molecular sciences 16 24217225
2020 Two Homologues of the Global Regulator Csr/Rsm Redundantly Control Phaseolotoxin Biosynthesis and Virulence in the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas amygdali pv. phaseolicola 1448A. Microorganisms 15 33036191
2020 Identification of SCARA3 with potential roles in metabolic disorders. Aging 15 33318306
2018 Identification of three class A scavenger receptors from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): SCARA3, SCARA4, and SCARA5. Fish & shellfish immunology 15 29471060
2018 The CSR-1 endogenous RNAi pathway ensures accurate transcriptional reprogramming during the oocyte-to-embryo transition in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS genetics 14 29579041
2020 A novel diterpene agent isolated from Microbispora hainanensis strain CSR-4 and its in vitro and in silico inhibition effects on acetylcholine esterase enzyme. Scientific reports 13 32632152
2010 Compartmentalized self-replication (CSR) selection of Thermococcus litoralis Sh1B DNA polymerase for diminished uracil binding. Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS 11 20513707
2021 The Small Protein YmoA Controls the Csr System and Adjusts Expression of Virulence-Relevant Traits of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Frontiers in microbiology 10 34413840
2023 Identification and Regulatory Roles of a New Csr Small RNA from Arctic Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea BSW20308 in Temperature Responses. Microbiology spectrum 9 36625662
2012 Interaction of CSR1 with XIAP reverses inhibition of caspases and accelerates cell death. The American journal of pathology 9 22683311
2002 SUT1 suppresses sec14-1 through upregulation of CSR1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS microbiology letters 9 12435498
2024 NAD+ supplement relieved chronic sleep restriction (CSR)-induced microglial proinflammation in vivo and in vitro. Journal of neuroimmunology 8 39520937
2017 CSR1 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibition of HPIP. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 8 28975986
2018 Sumoylation Negatively Regulates CSR1-Dependent Prostate Cancer Cell Death. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 6 29705808
2015 The global regulatory system Csr senses glucose through the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system. Molecular microbiology 6 26593223
2014 A cellular stress response (CSR) that interacts with NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR) is a new regulator of hypoxic response. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 5 24491563
2024 A role for the C. elegans Argonaute protein CSR-1 in small nuclear RNA 3' processing. PLoS genetics 4 38743783
2021 HomA and HomB, outer membrane proteins of Helicobacter pylori down-regulate activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and Ig switch germline transcription and thereby affect class switch recombination (CSR) of Ig genes in human B-cells. Molecular immunology 4 34959071
2023 Proteomic analysis reveals the global effect of the BarA/SirA-Csr regulatory cascade in Salmonella Typhimurium grown in conditions that favor the expression of invasion genes. Journal of proteomics 3 37451358
1998 Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the first intron of the CSR gene. Journal of human genetics 3 9747040
2023 The catE gene of Bacillus licheniformis M2-7 is essential for growth in benzopyrene, and its expression is regulated by the Csr system. World journal of microbiology & biotechnology 2 37115273
2021 Embedded Philanthropic CSR in Digital China: Unified View of Prosocial and Pro-environmental Practices. Frontiers in psychology 2 34539493
2021 DICER-AS1 functions as competing endogenous RNA that targets CSR1 by sponging microRNA-650 and suppresses gastric cancer progression. The Journal of international medical research 2 34586953
2014 Identification of a Csr system in Serratia marcescens 2170. The Journal of general and applied microbiology 2 24859866
2025 Argonaute CSR-1A promotes H3K9me3 maintenance to protect somatic development in offspring. Nucleic acids research 1 40036504
2025 Dynamic and intricate regulation by the Csr sRNAs in the Arctic Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea. Communications biology 1 40044903
2025 hnRNPL-CstF64 complex: coordinating CSR and LSR in IgH locus recombination dynamics through eRNA and NHEJ regulation. Nucleic acids research 1 40902003
2024 Identification of the Csr global regulatory system mediated by small RNA decay in Aeromonas salmonicida. The Journal of general and applied microbiology 1 38233172
2023 Precisely Controlling Csr sRNA Levels by MshH Enhances Vibrio cholerae Colonization in Adult Mice. Applied and environmental microbiology 1 37404138
2022 Validation of the CSRFENCE score for prediction of febrile neutropenia during chemotherapy cycles 2-6. Discover oncology 1 36251222
2016 CSR-1 Slices a Balance. Cell 1 27058659
2012 Birthing histone mRNAs by CSR-1 section. The EMBO journal 1 22960639
2026 Modeling binding of the conserved Csr/Rsm protein family across species of the γ-proteobacteria reveals niche-specific adaptation of the post-transcriptional regulon. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41676647
2026 Fruit weight regulation by a paralog of Cell Size Regulator (CSR) in tomato and other crops. TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 0 41784692
2025 Characterization of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Bacillus altitudinis S-CSR 0020 and Its Clot-Degrading Capacity. Current microbiology 0 40035896
2025 The class A scavenger receptor member 3 (SCARA3) regulates cell apoptosis through X-linked apoptosis inhibitory protein (XIAP) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Developmental and comparative immunology 0 40194751
2025 Potentiating T cell tumor targeting using a combination of TCR with a Siglec-7 based CSR. Frontiers in immunology 0 40433387
2025 Regulation of MORC-1 is key to the CSR-1-mediated germline gene licensing mechanism in C. elegans. Science advances 0 40540580
2025 Requirement of CSR-1 isoforms and catalytic activity for C. elegans lifespan. microPublication biology 0 40838118
2025 Sowing the seeds of happiness, personal values, and creative behavior: The role of CSR perception in hospitality services. Acta psychologica 0 40886513
2025 Unveiling the dual-pathway effect of CSR perception environmental on employee pro-environmental behavior: evidence from Chinese marine enterprises. Frontiers in psychology 0 40927343
2025 The chitin synthase regulator CSR-3 promotes cellular integrity during cell-cell fusion in the filamentous ascomycete fungus Neurospora crassa. PLoS genetics 0 41071819
2025 Top management's green inclusive leadership and sustainable competitive advantage in manufacturing firms: The enabling role of internal CSR communication. Journal of environmental management 0 41175488
2024 Geraniol (GER) attenuated chronic sleep restriction (CSR)-induced neuroinflammation in adolescent mice. Journal of neuroimmunology 0 38991453
2024 Argonaute protein CSR-1 restricts localization of holocentromere protein HCP-3, the C. elegans CENP-A homolog. Journal of cell science 0 39037215
2023 Pediatric myasthenia gravis with a combination of AChR and RyR is associated with an earlier onset and lower CSR rate: A cohort study in southwest China. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 0 37639776
2022 CSR-brand relationship, brand positioning, and investment risks driven towards climate change mitigation and next perspectives emerging from: "Litigation, projections, pathway, and models". SN business & economics 0 36570639

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