| 2010 |
CNIH-2 associates with γ-8-containing AMPA receptor complexes in hippocampal postsynaptic densities and abrogates γ-8-mediated resensitization, synergistically modulating AMPAR kinetics and pharmacology. CNIH-2 protein levels are markedly diminished in γ-8 knockout mice, indicating γ-8-dependent stabilization. |
Co-immunoprecipitation from postsynaptic densities, electrophysiology in recombinant systems and hippocampal neurons, γ-8 knockout mice |
Neuron |
High |
21172611
|
| 2013 |
CNIH-2 and CNIH-3 are required for surface expression and synaptic transmission of GluA1-containing AMPARs (GluA1A2 heteromers) in hippocampal neurons; loss of CNIH-2/-3 selectively removes GluA1-containing receptors, leaving a residual pool of GluA2A3 heteromers with faster kinetics. TARP γ-8 prevents functional association of CNIHs with non-GluA1 subunits. |
CNIH-2/CNIH-3 conditional knockout mice, whole-cell electrophysiology, surface receptor biochemistry |
Neuron |
High |
23522044
|
| 2021 |
Cryo-EM structure of native hippocampal AMPA receptor complexes shows that TARP-γ8 and CNIH2 occupy distinct auxiliary subunit positions (B'/D' and A'/C' respectively) beneath the ligand-binding domains of GluA1-GluA2 and GluA2-GluA3 receptors in a non-stochastic arrangement. |
Immunoaffinity purification of native hippocampal AMPARs, single-molecule fluorescence, cryo-electron microscopy |
Nature |
High |
33981040
|
| 2021 |
Cryo-EM structures of GluA1-GluA2/TARP-γ8/CNIH2 in resting and active states reveal that two TARP-γ8 and two CNIH2 subunits insert at distinct sites beneath the LBDs, with site-specific lipids shaping each interaction. Upon activation, both auxiliary subunit pairs counter-rotate and pivot toward the pore exit; CNIH2 achieves this through its uniquely extended M2 helix, enabling powerful gating modulation. |
Cryo-electron microscopy, structural analysis of resting and active states |
Nature |
High |
34079129
|
| 2012 |
CNIH-2 slows deactivation and desensitization of both GluA2-containing and calcium-permeable AMPARs, enhances glutamate sensitivity, single-channel conductance, and calcium permeability of CP-AMPARs, and decreases polyamine block. CNIH-2/3 but not CNIH-1 produce these effects. |
Electrophysiology in tsA201 cells, overexpression of CNIH-3 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells, single-channel recordings |
The Journal of neuroscience |
High |
22815494
|
| 2011 |
CNIH-2 coexpression with GluA/TARP complexes reduces TARP stoichiometry within AMPA receptor complexes. In hippocampal neurons, CNIH-2 associates with surface AMPARs in a γ-8-dependent manner to dictate receptor pharmacology; in cerebellum, CNIH-2 does not reach the neuronal surface. |
Tandem GluA/TARP fusion constructs to constrain stoichiometry, surface biotinylation, pharmacological profiling, electrophysiology in neurons |
The Journal of neuroscience |
High |
21543622
|
| 2012 |
CNIH-2 serves an evolutionarily conserved cargo exporter role, cycling between ER and Golgi in a COPII-dependent manner. GluA subunits recruit CNIH-2 to the cell surface, commandeering it from its ancestral ER-export role to function as a bona fide auxiliary subunit. |
Live-cell imaging of ER-Golgi cycling, COPII-dependent export assays, heterologous cell expression, primary rat neurons |
PloS one |
High |
22292017
|
| 2014 |
CNIH2-containing AMPARs dictate the slow decay of EPSCs at hippocampal mossy fiber bouton–hilar mossy cell synapses. Selective knockdown of CNIH2 markedly accelerated EPSC decay without altering amplitude; viral expression of CNIH2 in aspiny interneurons (which normally lack it) slowed their fast EPSCs. |
Paired whole-cell recordings, selective knockdown via shRNA, virus-directed CNIH2 expression |
Neuron |
High |
24853943
|
| 2014 |
CNIH-3 forms a stable complex with tetrameric AMPARs contributing to transmembrane density. Two clusters of conserved membrane-proximal residues mediate AMPAR binding; residues in the extracellular loop of CNIH-2/3 absent in CNIH-1/4 are critical for both AMPAR interaction and gating modulation. The AMPAR ligand-binding domain is the principal contact point for the CNIH-3 extracellular loop. |
Single-particle electron microscopy, peptide array screening, in vitro mutagenesis, binding and gating assays |
The Journal of neuroscience |
High |
25186755
|
| 2011 |
CNIH-2 differentially modulates AMPAR gating depending on TARP isoform: with γ-8 (hippocampal), CNIH-2 slows deactivation, increases cyclothiazide potency and occludes resensitization; with γ-2 (cerebellar), CNIH-2 has minimal kinetic effects but decreases IKA/IGlu ratio. |
Electrophysiology in recombinant expression systems with defined TARP isoforms, pharmacological profiling |
The European journal of neuroscience |
High |
22211840
|
| 2011 |
CNIH-2 allosterically modifies AMPA receptor pharmacology, conferring partial sensitivity of potentiator binding to displacement by non-competitive antagonists in a manner that depends on the auxiliary subunit composition of the receptor complex. |
Radioligand binding assays ([3H]-LY450295), autoradiography in brain sections from stargazer and γ-8 KO mice |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
21343286
|
| 2013 |
CNIH-2 and CNIH-3 associate with GluA subunits in the early secretory pathway; during ontogeny, an excess of AMPAR-free CNIH-2/3 exists early postnatally (consistent with ER cargo exporter role) but shifts toward AMPAR-integrated forms during development. |
Developmental expression profiling, co-immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation in rat brain |
Molecular and cellular neurosciences |
Medium |
23403072
|
| 2016 |
GSG1L association with AMPARs inhibits CNIH2-induced slowing of receptor kinetics in heterologous cells, defining a competitive or antagonistic relationship between these two auxiliary subunits in modulating AMPAR deactivation and desensitization. |
Electrophysiology in heterologous cells with co-expression of GSG1L and CNIH2 |
Nature communications |
Medium |
26932439
|
| 2018 |
SAP102-mediated rescue of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission requires CNIH-2; knockdown of CNIH-2 abolishes the SAP102-dependent increase in AMPAR EPSC decay time, placing CNIH-2 downstream of SAP102 in regulating synaptic AMPAR kinetics. |
Cell-restricted molecular replacement of PSD-95 with SAP102, CNIH-2 knockdown, whole-cell electrophysiology |
Journal of neurophysiology |
Medium |
30067114
|
| 2007 |
CNIH2 (cornichon-like protein/CNIL) facilitates secretion of HB-EGF in a cell culture system, and its perturbation in chick embryos (by truncated CNIH expression or siRNA knockdown) disrupts neural crest cell distribution and cranial nerve development, phenocopying ErbB4 knockout. |
Cell culture secretion assay, chick embryo dominant-negative overexpression and siRNA knockdown, in situ hybridization |
Molecular biology of the cell |
Medium |
17229890
|
| 2016 |
Knockdown of PORCN in hippocampal neurons leads to depletion of TARP γ-8 from AMPAR complexes, demonstrating that PORCN regulates the composition of AMPAR auxiliary subunit assemblies including CNIH-2/3-containing complexes. |
Immunoprecipitation of AMPAR complexes, PORCN knockdown and conditional KO, electrophysiology |
Cell reports |
Medium |
26776514
|
| 2023 |
CNIH-2 enhances tetramerization of wild-type and mutant AMPARs, primarily through interactions with the transmembrane domain of the receptor, and promotes surface expression more effectively than TARP γ-2. CNIH-2 enhances both GluA1 and GluA2 tetramerization, whereas CNIH-3 only weakly enhances GluA1 tetramerization. |
In vitro tetramerization assays, surface expression assays in heterologous cells, mutagenesis |
The Journal of biological chemistry |
Medium |
37673338
|
| 2022 |
Interaction proteomics demonstrates that CNIH-2 co-purifies with highest abundance in GluA1/2 receptor complexes alongside TARP-γ8 and SynDIG4, and also co-purifies strongly with GluA2/3 receptors, revealing subtype-specific AMPAR–auxiliary subunit associations. |
Interaction proteomics (immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry) from Gria1 and Gria3 knockout mouse hippocampi |
Cells |
Medium |
36429079
|
| 2024 |
CPSF3 promotes CNIH2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inducing use of a proximal poly(A) site in the CNIH2 3'UTR, thereby preventing miR-125a-5p-mediated repression of CNIH2 mRNA. CPSF3-induced tumorigenicity is mediated by CNIH2, as CNIH2 knockdown inhibits ESCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth in vivo. |
Iso-Seq and RNA-seq APA analysis, CPSF3 knockdown/overexpression, colony formation/transwell assays, xenograft experiments, luciferase reporter for miRNA binding |
Cancer letters |
Medium |
38718887
|
| 2025 |
CNIH-2 mRNA is locally translated in dendrites, and this local synthesis increases after chemical LTP induction. Local CNIH-2 translation is required for plasma membrane insertion of GluA2-containing (calcium-impermeable) AMPARs but not GluA1-homomeric AMPARs, selectively enabling slow-response AMPAR trafficking after plasticity induction. |
Dendritic mRNA localization assays, local translation reporters, chemical LTP induction, selective trafficking assays |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2025.02.08.637220
|