Affinage

CDX4

Homeobox protein CDX-4 · UniProt O14627

Length
284 aa
Mass
30.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
27 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings
Cross-family judge faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CDX4 is a homeodomain transcription factor that reads out posterior positional information along the anteroposterior axis and translates it into hox-gene activation programs governing mesoderm, endoderm, and neural fate (PMID:13679919, PMID:26335559). It is expressed in a posterior-to-anterior gradient during gastrulation (PMID:7902125) and is positioned as a direct transcriptional output of canonical Wnt signaling, with LEF1/β-catenin binding LEF/TCF response elements in its promoter and its expression lost in Wnt3a-null embryos (PMID:16309666); Cdx2 (via Cdx response elements), Oct1, and HoxA10 likewise directly activate the CDX4 promoter, while Tcf3 represses it through Groucho/TLE–HDAC1 corepressors that E4f1 relieves (PMID:20933081, PMID:15950614, PMID:21471217, PMID:21666599). As an effector, CDX4 directly binds and activates hox loci—co-occupying the Hoxa9 regulatory region with menin, whose loss abolishes Cdx4 chromatin access and H3K4 trimethylation (PMID:17183676)—and controls the timing of group 5–13 hox transcriptional initiation (PMID:26335559). Through these targets CDX4 specifies posterior mesoderm competence for definitive hematopoiesis: it drives blood formation and restricts primitive in favor of definitive hematopoietic potential in zebrafish, mouse, and human pluripotent stem cell systems, partly via the co-regulator Sall4 and the scl/lmo2 erythroid program (PMID:13679919, PMID:24286030, PMID:28408465). Cdx4 also acts cell-autonomously to position foregut organs in the endoderm by antagonizing retinoic acid signaling (PMID:18234725), contributes redundantly with Cdx2 to placental labyrinth development (PMID:16396910), guides trunk neural crest migration by binding neural-crest enhancers and regulating foxd3 (PMID:34389276), and gates spinal cord neural progenitor maturation by repressing Nkx1.2 and tuning Pax6/Ngn2 activation (PMID:30825428). In hematopoietic malignancy, aberrant Cdx4 expression induces transplantable acute erythroid leukemia by blocking Gata1/Gata2-dependent differentiation (PMID:31770439), and Cdx4 participates in MLL-AF9-driven leukemogenesis through a HoxA10-CDX4 positive feedback circuit (PMID:20494928, PMID:21471217).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 1993 Medium

    Established CDX4 as a candidate axial patterning regulator by showing its graded posterior expression coincides with tissues undergoing anteroposterior specification.

    Evidence In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry across mouse gastrulation stages

    PMID:7902125

    Open questions at the time
    • No functional perturbation
    • Mechanism of gradient formation not addressed
    • Direct targets unknown
  2. 2003 High

    Resolved where CDX4 sits in the hematopoietic specification hierarchy, placing it upstream of specific hox genes required for blood progenitor fate.

    Evidence Zebrafish kugelig mutant with hox-gene rescue and mESC overexpression

    PMID:13679919

    Open questions at the time
    • Which hox targets are direct vs indirect not fully resolved
    • Does not address adult vs definitive hematopoiesis distinction
    • No biochemical demonstration of promoter binding
  3. 2005 High

    Defined the upstream signals and transcription factors driving CDX4, identifying canonical Wnt (LEF1/β-catenin) and Oct1 as direct promoter activators and an intronic enhancer required for graded expression.

    Evidence ChIP, promoter-reporter mutagenesis, Wnt3a-null embryos, transgenic reporters in mouse and Xenopus

    PMID:15950614 PMID:16281167 PMID:16309666

    Open questions at the time
    • How multiple inputs are integrated at the promoter unclear
    • Gradient decay mechanism inferred from reporter, not biochemically defined
  4. 2006 High

    Demonstrated CDX4 acts as a chromatin-level hox activator and revealed redundant developmental roles, showing menin-dependent recruitment to Hoxa9 and a Cdx2/Cdx4 requirement for placental labyrinth formation.

    Evidence ChIP co-occupancy with menin knockdown; compound Cdx2/Cdx4 mouse knockouts

    PMID:16396910 PMID:17183676

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether menin recruits Cdx4 or vice versa not resolved
    • Direct placental targets of Cdx4 unidentified
  5. 2008 High

    Showed CDX4 patterns endodermal organ position cell-autonomously, linking its posterior activity to retinoic acid antagonism.

    Evidence Tissue-specific morpholino knockdown and overexpression in zebrafish

    PMID:18234725

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct endodermal transcriptional targets not defined
    • Mechanism of RA suppression at gene level unknown
  6. 2010 High

    Separated CDX4's roles in normal versus malignant hematopoiesis, showing it is dispensable for steady-state HSCs but required for MLL-AF9 leukemogenesis.

    Evidence Germline/conditional Cdx4 knockout mice, competitive transplant, MLL-AF9 model

    PMID:20494928

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which Cdx4 supports MLL-AF9 leukemia not defined
    • Redundancy with other Cdx genes in adult blood not excluded
  7. 2010 High

    Identified Cdx2 as a direct transcriptional activator of Cdx4 operating through a mechanism distinct from Wnt input.

    Evidence EMSA, in vivo ChIP, promoter-reporter, Cdx2 knockout mouse

    PMID:20933081

    Open questions at the time
    • How Cdx2 and Wnt inputs are combinatorially integrated unknown
  8. 2011 High

    Uncovered feedback and repressive control architecture, establishing a reciprocal HoxA10–CDX4 activating loop and a Tcf3/Groucho/HDAC1 repression module relieved by E4f1.

    Evidence Promoter-reporter cis-element mutagenesis, ChIP, knockdown, protein-interaction assays in myeloid cells and zebrafish

    PMID:21471217 PMID:21666599

    Open questions at the time
    • Dynamics of switching between repressed and activated states in vivo unclear
    • Role of Lnx2b scaffold in physiological contexts limited
  9. 2012 Medium

    Connected FGF and β-catenin signaling directly to CDX4 in myeloid progenitors, reinforcing the HoxA10-CDX4 amplifying circuit.

    Evidence ChIP for β-catenin occupancy, promoter-reporter, FGF2 manipulation

    PMID:23038246

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; physiological relevance to normal progenitors versus leukemia not separated
    • Quantitative contribution of FGF2 vs Wnt not parsed
  10. 2013 High

    Defined CDX4's downstream effector network for hematopoietic initiation, identifying Sall4 as a direct target in an auto/cross-regulatory loop co-regulating scl/lmo2.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, expression profiling, morpholino knockdown, scl+lmo2 rescue in zebrafish

    PMID:24286030

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide direct target set in mammalian cells not established
    • Hierarchy among Sall4, hox, scl/lmo2 incompletely ordered
  11. 2014 Medium

    Showed CDX4 expression is post-translationally tuned in myeloid differentiation, with HoxA9 repression antagonizing HoxA10 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation/Shp2 controlling the balance.

    Evidence Promoter-reporter, phosphorylation-site mutagenesis, Shp2 gain-of-function, ChIP in myeloid progenitors

    PMID:25531430

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab; in vivo relevance of phospho-switch not tested
    • Kinase upstream of HoxA9/A10 phosphorylation not identified
  12. 2015 Medium

    Clarified that CDX4 primarily controls the timing of hox transcriptional initiation in a paralog-group-dependent manner rather than steady-state levels.

    Evidence Cdx4 morpholino knockdown with comprehensive ISH profiling of all 49 zebrafish hox genes

    PMID:26335559

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding to delayed hox loci not demonstrated genome-wide
    • Mechanism distinguishing paralog groups unknown
  13. 2016 Medium

    Defined a CDX4–Cyp26a1/RA mutual antagonism that positions the hindbrain–spinal cord boundary.

    Evidence RA chemical inhibitors and Cdx4 morpholino knockdown in zebrafish

    PMID:26773000

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect repression of Cyp26a1 not resolved
    • Single lab
  14. 2017 High

    Demonstrated in human cells that CDX4 acts as a switch favoring definitive over primitive hematopoiesis within WNT/FGF-dependent mesoderm.

    Evidence hPSC differentiation with lentiviral overexpression, CRISPR knockout, transcriptomics, flow cytometry

    PMID:28408465

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct targets driving the primitive-to-definitive switch not defined
    • Whether effect is cell-autonomous within mesoderm not parsed
  15. 2019 Medium

    Established CDX4 as a dual-function regulator of spinal cord progenitor maturation, repressing Nkx1.2 while promoting Pax6 yet preventing premature Ngn2-driven differentiation.

    Evidence Gain- and loss-of-function in chicken pre-neural tube with target gene analysis

    PMID:30825428

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding to Nkx1.2/Pax6/Ngn2 loci not shown
    • Single lab and single species
  16. 2019 Medium

    Identified aberrant CDX4 as a driver of acute erythroid leukemia, mechanistically through blockade of Gata1/Gata2 erythroid differentiation.

    Evidence Retroviral Cdx4 overexpression in mice, transplantation, expression/proteomic profiling, whole-exome sequencing

    PMID:31770439

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Cdx4 directly represses Gata targets not established
    • Cooperating mutations correlative, not functionally tested
  17. 2021 High

    Showed CDX4 acts cell-autonomously in trunk neural crest, binding NC-specific enhancers and regulating foxd3 to control segmental migration.

    Evidence Zebrafish mutant, ChIP enhancer binding, morpholino, transplantation chimeras, live imaging

    PMID:34389276

    Open questions at the time
    • Full NC enhancer target set not mapped
    • How Cdx4 controls leader/follower dynamics mechanistically unclear
  18. 2022 Medium

    Provided a surface-marker handle (CD1d) for CDX4+ definitive hemogenic mesoderm, linking CDX4 identity to multilineage hematopoietic potential.

    Evidence scRNAseq, flow cytometry, functional hematopoietic assays in hPSC differentiation

    PMID:35569347

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CDX4 directly regulates CD1d unknown
    • Correlative cell-identity mapping, not mechanistic

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A genome-wide, mammalian direct-target map of CDX4 and a unified account of how a single graded transcription factor coordinates such distinct fates (blood, endoderm, neural crest, spinal cord) remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of CDX4-DNA or CDX4-cofactor complexes
  • Direct target sets largely defined in zebrafish, not human
  • Context-specific cofactor logic distinguishing developmental vs leukemic outputs not defined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 7 GO:0003677 DNA binding 4
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 6 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
CDX2CTNNB1HOXA10HOXA9LEF1MEN1SALL4TCF3

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 cdx4 (kugelig locus in zebrafish) regulates hox gene expression and is required for specification of haematopoietic cell fate; haematopoietic defects in cdx4 mutants are rescued by overexpression of hoxb7a or hoxa9a (but not hoxb8a), placing cdx4 upstream of specific hox genes in blood progenitor specification. cdx4 overexpression in mouse embryonic stem cells induces blood formation and alters hox gene expression. Zebrafish forward genetics (kugelig mutant), rescue by hox gene overexpression, mESC overexpression assay, genetic epistasis Nature High 13679919
1993 Murine Cdx-4 protein and mRNA are expressed in a posterior-to-anterior gradient during gastrulation (7.0–10 d.p.c.), localized to allantois, primitive streak, neurectoderm, presomitic and lateral plate mesoderm, and hindgut endoderm, suggesting a role in anteroposterior axial specification. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in mouse embryos Mechanisms of development Medium 7902125
2005 Cdx4 is a direct transcriptional target of the canonical Wnt pathway; LEF1 and β-catenin bind the Cdx4 promoter at multiple LEF/TCF response elements in embryocarcinoma cells and in the embryonic tailbud, and Cdx4 expression is reduced in Wnt3a-null embryos. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), promoter-reporter transfection assays, Wnt3a-null mouse embryos, Wnt inhibitor treatment ex vivo Developmental biology High 16309666
2005 cdx4 and cdx2 protein gradients form along the neural and mesodermal tissues by decay of protein activity as cells move away from the regressing tailbud; an intronic enhancer element of cdx4 is required for correct spatial transgene expression. lacZ reporter transgenic mice, in situ hybridization The International journal of developmental biology Medium 16281167
2006 Cdx4 combined with Cdx2 is required for chorio-allantoic fusion and development of the placental labyrinth; in Cdx2/Cdx4 compound mutants, the allantoic vascular network fails to extend into chorionic ectoderm, revealing a redundant role for Cdx4 in placental morphogenesis. Targeted mouse knockout, compound mutant analysis Development (Cambridge, England) High 16396910
2006 Cdx4 and the transcriptional coregulator menin both bind the same regulatory region of the Hoxa9 locus in hematopoietic cells and co-activate Hoxa9 transcription; ablation of menin abolishes Cdx4 access to chromatin and reduces histone H3K4 trimethylation at the Hoxa9 locus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), reporter co-activation assays, menin knockdown PloS one High 17183676
2008 cdx4 functions cell-autonomously within the endoderm to localize foregut organs (pancreas, liver, small intestine) along the anterior-posterior axis; endoderm-specific cdx4 knockdown recapitulates posteriorly shifted pancreas, and endoderm-specific overexpression shifts the pancreas anteriorly. Cdx4 may block pancreatic identity by suppressing retinoic acid signaling in posterior endoderm. Morpholino knockdown and tissue-specific overexpression in zebrafish, cdx4 mutant analysis Development (Cambridge, England) High 18234725
2010 Cdx2 directly binds Cdx response elements in the Cdx4 promoter and activates its transcription; Cdx4 expression is significantly reduced in Cdx2-null mouse embryos; Cdx2 and canonical Wnt signaling regulate Cdx4 through distinct mechanisms. EMSA, ChIP in embryos, promoter-reporter transfection, Cdx2 knockout mouse Mechanisms of development High 20933081
2010 Loss of Cdx4 in mice has minimal effect on adult steady-state hematopoiesis (no significant change in HSC frequency or long-term repopulating activity), but Cdx4 deletion significantly delays MLL-AF9-induced acute myeloid leukemia, indicating Cdx4 participates in leukemogenesis downstream of this oncogene. Germline and conditional Cdx4 knockout in mice, competitive transplantation, retroviral MLL-AF9 bone marrow transplant model Haematologica High 20494928
2011 HoxA10 directly activates CDX4 transcription by binding a cis element in the CDX4 promoter; Cdx4 in turn directly activates HOXA10 transcription by binding a cis element in the HOXA10 promoter; this bidirectional positive feedback loop amplifies Hox-Cdx activity in myeloid progenitors and is relevant to AML pathogenesis. Promoter-reporter assays, site-directed mutagenesis of cis elements, gene knockdown, ChIP The Journal of biological chemistry High 21471217
2011 Tcf3 represses cdx4 expression by directly binding multiple sites in the cdx4 regulatory region in association with corepressors Groucho/TLE and HDAC1; the transcription factor E4f1 de-represses cdx4 by dissociating corepressors from Tcf3 without displacing Tcf3 from DNA; the E3 ubiquitin ligase Lnx2b (acting as a scaffold) counteracts E4f1. Zebrafish embryo genetics, mammalian cell reporter assays, ChIP, protein interaction assays The EMBO journal High 21666599
2012 β-catenin directly activates both CDX4 and HOXA10 transcription in myeloid progenitor cells through novel cis elements in their promoters; HoxA10-induced CDX4 transcription is augmented by FGF2-dependent β-catenin activation, creating a positive feedback circuit. ChIP demonstrating β-catenin occupancy at CDX4 and HOXA10 promoters, promoter-reporter assays, FGF2 manipulation The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 23038246
2013 ChIP-seq identified Sall4 as a direct Cdx4 transcriptional target in zebrafish; Sall4 in turn binds the cdx4 locus (auto- and cross-regulation); Cdx4 and Sall4 co-regulate hematopoietic initiation genes (hox, scl, lmo2); combined cdx4/sall4 knockdown impairs erythropoiesis, and overexpression of scl + lmo2 together rescues the erythroid program. ChIP-seq, gene-expression profiling, morpholino knockdown, overexpression rescue in zebrafish Stem cell reports High 24286030
2014 HoxA9 represses CDX4 transcription in differentiating myeloid cells, antagonizing HoxA10 activation; tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA10 impairs its activation of CDX4, while tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA9 facilitates repression; constitutively active Shp2 blocks cytokine-induced phosphorylation of both, sustaining elevated CDX4 expression; Mll-Ell oncogene induces HoxA10-dependent CDX4 increase. Promoter-reporter assays, site-specific phosphorylation mutagenesis, Shp2 gain-of-function, ChIP, retroviral expression in myeloid progenitors Oncogenesis Medium 25531430
2015 Cdx4 regulates the spatiotemporal activation of hox genes in zebrafish in a paralogous-group-dependent manner: loss of Cdx4 delays transcriptional initiation of group 5–10 hox genes in trunk neural tissue and trunk mesoderm, and prevents extension of group 11–13 hox expression beyond the tail bud. The primary effect is on the timing (initiation phase) of hox transcriptional activation. Cdx4 morpholino knockdown in zebrafish, spatial expression profiling of all 49 zebrafish hox genes by ISH Developmental dynamics Medium 26335559
2016 Cdx4 suppresses expression of the RA-degrading enzyme Cyp26a1 in the presumptive spinal cord domain, thereby preventing RA degradation and maintaining spinal cord identity; conversely, RA signaling inhibits cdx4 expansion in the hindbrain. This mutual antagonism between Cdx4 and Cyp26a1/RA positions the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary. Chemical inhibitors of RA signaling, morpholino knockdown of Cdx4, expression analysis in zebrafish Developmental biology Medium 26773000
2017 CDX4 expression is restricted to definitive hematopoietic KDR+CD235a- mesoderm in a WNT- and FGF-dependent manner in human pluripotent stem cell differentiation; exogenous CDX4 during mesoderm specification represses primitive hematopoietic potential and confers fivefold greater definitive hematopoietic potential; CDX4 knockout hPSCs retain primitive hematopoiesis but show fivefold decreased multilineage definitive hematopoietic potential. hPSC differentiation, lentiviral CDX4 overexpression, CRISPR knockout, transcriptome analysis, flow cytometry Blood High 28408465
2019 CDX4 functions as a dual-function transcription factor in the spinal cord: it represses the early neural differentiation marker Nkx1.2 and promotes the late neural differentiation marker Pax6, while also preventing premature Pax6-dependent neural differentiation by blocking Ngn2 activation; RA signaling restricts this CDX4-over-Pax6 regulation to the rostral pre-neural tube. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in chicken pre-neural tube, gene expression analysis Developmental biology Medium 30825428
2019 Aberrant Cdx4 expression in mice induces transplantable acute erythroid leukemia, associated with upregulation of stemness/leukemogenesis genes and downregulation of Gata1/Gata2 erythroid differentiation targets; Cdx4 induces a proteomic profile overlapping with primitive human erythroid progenitors; whole-exome sequencing of leukemic mice identified recurrent co-occurring mutations in erythroid transcription factors and TP53 targets. Retroviral Cdx4 overexpression in mice, bone marrow transplantation, gene expression profiling, proteomics, whole-exome sequencing Blood advances Medium 31770439
2021 Zebrafish cdx4 is expressed in trunk neural crest (NC) cell progenitors, directly binds NC cell-specific enhancers in the NC gene regulatory network, and regulates foxd3 expression in the posterior body; cdx4 mutants show disrupted segmental trunk NC migration (loss of leader/follower dynamics); cell transplantation showed Cdx4 acts tissue-autonomously within NC cells, not in adjacent paraxial mesoderm. cdx4 mutant analysis, ChIP (direct enhancer binding), morpholino knockdown, cell transplantation chimeras, live imaging in zebrafish Developmental biology High 34389276
2022 CDX4+ mesoderm in hPSC differentiation is uniquely enriched for CD1d surface expression; CD1d+ mesoderm harbors CD34+HOXA+ hemogenic endothelium with multilineage erythroid-myeloid-lymphoid potential; scRNAseq shows CDX4hi cells are enriched in CD1d+ fraction, providing a surface marker for CDX4+ definitive hemogenic mesoderm. scRNAseq, flow cytometry, hPSC differentiation, functional hematopoietic assays Stem cell research Medium 35569347
2005 A consensus Oct1 (POU-domain octamer-binding protein) binding site in the proximal Cdx4 promoter is required for its activity; Oct1 co-expression induces Cdx4 reporter expression and mutation of the octamer site abolishes promoter activity; this octamer site is conserved in Cdx4 promoters across human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish. Deletion analysis of Xenopus Cdx4 promoter, transgenic GFP reporter in Xenopus, promoter-reporter co-expression assay, site-directed mutagenesis Developmental biology Medium 15950614

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 27 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 cdx4 mutants fail to specify blood progenitors and can be rescued by multiple hox genes. Nature 202 13679919
1993 Murine Cdx-4 bears striking similarities to the Drosophila caudal gene in its homeodomain sequence and early expression pattern. Mechanisms of development 151 7902125
2006 The Cdx4 mutation affects axial development and reveals an essential role of Cdx genes in the ontogenesis of the placental labyrinth in mice. Development (Cambridge, England) 94 16396910
2005 Cdx4 is a direct target of the canonical Wnt pathway. Developmental biology 89 16309666
2008 Cdx4 is required in the endoderm to localize the pancreas and limit beta-cell number. Development (Cambridge, England) 45 18234725
2009 Overlapping functions of Cdx1, Cdx2, and Cdx4 in the development of the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 40 19301404
2013 A Cdx4-Sall4 regulatory module controls the transition from mesoderm formation to embryonic hematopoiesis. Stem cell reports 29 24286030
2005 cdx4/lacZ and cdx2/lacZ protein gradients formed by decay during gastrulation in the mouse. The International journal of developmental biology 29 16281167
2010 A chemical genetic screen in zebrafish for pathways interacting with cdx4 in primitive hematopoiesis. Zebrafish 28 20415644
2006 Cdx4 and menin co-regulate Hoxa9 expression in hematopoietic cells. PloS one 28 17183676
2011 HoxA10 activates CDX4 transcription and Cdx4 activates HOXA10 transcription in myeloid cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 21471217
2011 Modulation of Tcf3 repressor complex composition regulates cdx4 expression in zebrafish. The EMBO journal 22 21666599
2017 Human definitive hematopoietic specification from pluripotent stem cells is regulated by mesodermal expression of CDX4. Blood 21 28408465
2012 β-Catenin activates the HOXA10 and CDX4 genes in myeloid progenitor cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 16 23038246
2016 CDX4 and retinoic acid interact to position the hindbrain-spinal cord transition. Developmental biology 15 26773000
2015 Spatiotemporal analysis of zebrafish hox gene regulation by Cdx4. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 15 26335559
2010 Cdx4 is a Cdx2 target gene. Mechanisms of development 15 20933081
2014 Regulation of CDX4 gene transcription by HoxA9, HoxA10, the Mll-Ell oncogene and Shp2 during leukemogenesis. Oncogenesis 14 25531430
2010 Cdx4 is dispensable for murine adult hematopoietic stem cells but promotes MLL-AF9-mediated leukemogenesis. Haematologica 14 20494928
2022 Chicken LEAP2 Level Substantially Changes with Feed Intake and May Be Regulated by CDX4 in Small Intestine. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 13 36552416
2019 CDX4 regulates the progression of neural maturation in the spinal cord. Developmental biology 10 30825428
2005 A consensus Oct1 binding site is required for the activity of the Xenopus Cdx4 promoter. Developmental biology 7 15950614
2014 Spatiotemporal expression of Cdx4 in the developing anorectum of rat embryos with ethylenethiourea-induced anorectal malformations. Cells, tissues, organs 6 25401498
2019 The ParaHox gene Cdx4 induces acute erythroid leukemia in mice. Blood advances 4 31770439
2021 Zebrafish Cdx4 regulates neural crest cell specification and migratory behaviors in the posterior body. Developmental biology 3 34389276
2022 CD1d expression demarcates CDX4+ hemogenic mesoderm with definitive hematopoietic potential. Stem cell research 1 35569347
2006 Ex vivo expanding hematopoietic stem cells by intracellular delivery of Cdx4 fusion proteins. Medical hypotheses 1 17196761

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