Affinage

CDX4

Homeobox protein CDX-4 · UniProt O14627

Length
284 aa
Mass
30.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
27 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CDX4 is a caudal-type homeodomain transcription factor that operates downstream of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and FGF signaling to establish posterior positional identity in mesoderm, endoderm, and neural tissues during vertebrate embryogenesis (PMID:16309666, PMID:28408465, PMID:7902125). CDX4 directly activates specific Hox genes (notably Hoxa9 and Hoxa10) in concert with the chromatin co-regulator menin and the zinc-finger factor Sall4, and it controls the timing of Hox transcriptional initiation in a paralog group–dependent manner to pattern the anteroposterior axis, specify definitive (but not primitive) hematopoietic progenitors, position endodermal organs, and regulate spinal cord neural progenitor maturation (PMID:13679919, PMID:17183676, PMID:24286030, PMID:26335559, PMID:6773000, PMID:30825428). CDX4 participates in a positive transcriptional feedback loop with HoxA10 and β-catenin in myeloid progenitors; sustained aberrant expression of CDX4—maintained, for example, by constitutively active Shp2 or MLL fusion oncoproteins—drives acute myeloid and erythroid leukemogenesis by upregulating stemness genes while suppressing GATA1/GATA2-dependent erythroid differentiation (PMID:21471217, PMID:23038246, PMID:25531430, PMID:31770439, PMID:20494928). CDX4 also acts cell-autonomously in trunk neural crest cells, directly binding neural-crest enhancers to regulate foxd3 expression and segmental migration (PMID:34389276).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1993 Medium

    Establishing where and when CDX4 is expressed resolved its candidacy as a posterior patterning factor: CDX4 mRNA and protein form a posterior-to-anterior gradient across gastrulation-stage mesoderm, neurectoderm, and hindgut endoderm.

    Evidence In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in mouse embryos (7.0–10 d.p.c.)

    PMID:7902125

    Open questions at the time
    • Expression pattern alone does not prove function
    • No loss-of-function data at this stage
  2. 2003 High

    The first functional demonstration that CDX4 is required for hematopoietic specification showed it acts upstream of specific Hox genes (hoxa9a, hoxb7a) but parallel to scl, placing it as a Hox-dependent posteriorizing signal rather than a direct hematopoietic transcription factor.

    Evidence Zebrafish kugelig mutant genetic screen, Hox rescue epistasis, cdx4 overexpression in zebrafish and mouse ES cells

    PMID:13679919

    Open questions at the time
    • Which Hox targets are direct versus indirect was unknown
    • Upstream signals activating Cdx4 were unresolved
  3. 2005 High

    Identifying canonical Wnt signaling as a direct upstream activator of CDX4—via LEF1/β-catenin occupancy of the Cdx4 promoter—and discovering that an Oct1-dependent octamer element and an intronic enhancer control posterior expression established the transcriptional input logic of the Cdx4 locus.

    Evidence ChIP from embryocarcinoma cells and embryo tailbuds, promoter-reporter mutagenesis, Wnt3a mutant analysis, Xenopus transgenic reporter assays with Oct1 co-expression

    PMID:15950614 PMID:16281167 PMID:16309666

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contributions of Wnt vs. Oct1 vs. enhancer inputs were not quantified
    • Whether FGF acts on the Cdx4 promoter directly was not tested
  4. 2006 High

    Compound Cdx-family knockout mice revealed that CDX4 contributes redundantly with CDX1/CDX2 to vertebral patterning and axial elongation, and uniquely with CDX2 to placental labyrinth vascularization, defining its non-redundant developmental roles.

    Evidence Targeted Cdx4 knockout, Cdx1/Cdx4 and Cdx2/Cdx4 compound mutant mice

    PMID:16396910

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular targets mediating placental defect were not identified
    • Single Cdx4 KO has mild phenotype, complicating assignment of specific functions
  5. 2006 High

    Demonstrating that CDX4 and menin co-occupy the Hoxa9 locus and that menin is required for CDX4 chromatin access revealed a chromatin-gating mechanism for CDX4-dependent Hox activation in hematopoietic cells.

    Evidence ChIP, reporter co-activation assays, menin ablation with histone modification analysis in hematopoietic cells

    PMID:17183676

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether menin-dependent access applies to all CDX4 target loci was not tested
    • Structural basis of CDX4–menin interaction unknown
  6. 2008 High

    Cell-autonomous endodermal function of CDX4 was demonstrated: CDX4 confers posterior identity within endoderm to position pancreas, liver, and intestine, partly by opposing retinoic acid signal transduction.

    Evidence Endoderm-specific cdx4 morpholino knockdown and overexpression, RA treatment epistasis in zebrafish

    PMID:18234725

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets in endoderm not identified
    • Mechanism of RA signal blockade by CDX4 not resolved
  7. 2010 High

    Two key advances clarified CDX4's regulatory hierarchy: CDX2 directly activates CDX4 transcription independently of Wnt signaling, and CDX4 is dispensable for normal adult hematopoiesis yet promotes MLL-AF9–driven acute myeloid leukemia in vivo.

    Evidence EMSA plus in vivo ChIP from embryos for Cdx2→Cdx4 regulation; germline and conditional Cdx4 KO mice with competitive transplantation and MLL-AF9 retroviral leukemia model

    PMID:20494928 PMID:20933081

    Open questions at the time
    • How CDX4 supports MLL-AF9 leukemogenesis mechanistically was not defined
    • Cdx2→Cdx4 regulation not tested in hematopoietic context
  8. 2011 High

    Discovery of a HoxA10↔CDX4 positive transcriptional feedback loop, together with Tcf3/Groucho/HDAC1-mediated repression of cdx4 that is relieved by E4f1, defined how CDX4 expression is both sustained in leukemia and repressed during normal patterning.

    Evidence Bidirectional ChIP and promoter-reporter mapping in myeloid progenitors; ChIP for Tcf3/corepressors and E4f1 derepression in zebrafish and mammalian cells

    PMID:21471217 PMID:21666599

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether Tcf3-mediated repression operates in hematopoietic cells was not tested
    • Relative strength of HoxA10 activation vs. HoxA9 repression of CDX4 during differentiation was not quantified
  9. 2012 High

    β-catenin directly occupies both the CDX4 and HOXA10 promoters in myeloid progenitors and amplifies the HoxA10/CDX4 feedback loop in an FGF2-dependent manner, integrating Wnt and FGF inputs into leukemogenic transcriptional circuitry.

    Evidence ChIP for β-catenin occupancy, promoter-reporter cis-element mapping, FGF2 treatment/inhibition in myeloid progenitor cells

    PMID:23038246

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo significance of FGF2-dependent loop amplification in leukemia patients not established
    • Whether additional Wnt ligands substitute for FGF2 was not tested
  10. 2013 High

    Genome-wide identification of CDX4 targets by ChIP-seq revealed Sall4 as a direct target; CDX4 and Sall4 cross-regulate each other and co-activate hematopoietic genes (scl, lmo2), with combined loss impairing erythropoiesis rescued by scl/lmo2 co-overexpression.

    Evidence ChIP-seq and expression profiling in zebrafish, double knockdown, overexpression rescue

    PMID:24286030

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CDX4–Sall4 cross-regulation occurs in mammalian hematopoiesis was not tested
    • Full target overlap between CDX4 and Sall4 not functionally validated
  11. 2014 High

    Differentiation stage–specific regulation of CDX4 was resolved: HoxA9 represses CDX4 in differentiating myeloid cells (opposing HoxA10 activation), and tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA9/HoxA10 switches this balance; constitutively active Shp2 blocks this phosphorylation, sustaining CDX4 in leukemia.

    Evidence Phosphorylation site mutagenesis, promoter-reporter assays, Mll-Ell and constitutively active Shp2 co-expression in myeloid progenitors

    PMID:25531430

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the kinase(s) phosphorylating HoxA9/HoxA10 at the relevant tyrosines not determined
    • Whether Shp2 mutations in human AML sustain CDX4 not validated
  12. 2015 Medium

    Comprehensive Hox expression profiling in Cdx4-deficient zebrafish showed CDX4 primarily controls the timing of Hox transcriptional initiation in a paralog group–dependent manner, distinguishing its role from simple on/off regulation.

    Evidence Spatiotemporal in situ hybridization of all 49 zebrafish hox genes in wild-type vs. Cdx4-deficient embryos

    PMID:26335559

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which CDX4 differentially times distinct paralog groups is unknown
    • Single lab, awaits independent confirmation
  13. 2016 Medium

    Reciprocal inhibition between CDX4 and retinoic acid/Cyp26a1 was shown to position the hindbrain–spinal cord boundary: CDX4 suppresses Cyp26a1 posteriorly while RA inhibits cdx4 rostrally.

    Evidence Chemical RA inhibitors, morpholino knockdown, in situ hybridization for boundary markers in zebrafish

    PMID:26773000

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CDX4 directly represses cyp26a1 transcription or acts indirectly is unresolved
    • Single lab, morpholino-based
  14. 2017 High

    In human PSC differentiation, CDX4 was shown to be expressed exclusively in definitive hematopoietic mesoderm and to be both necessary and sufficient to specify definitive over primitive hematopoiesis, translating zebrafish findings to the human system.

    Evidence Stage-specific hPSC differentiation, CDX4 overexpression and knockout hPSCs, flow cytometry with CD235a/KDR lineage markers

    PMID:28408465

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcriptional program in human definitive progenitors not fully mapped
    • Whether CDX4 is sufficient for engraftable definitive HSCs not tested
  15. 2019 High

    Two new functional domains of CDX4 were defined: it drives transplantable acute erythroid leukemia via stemness gene upregulation and GATA1/2 suppression, and it acts as a dual-function regulator in spinal cord neural progenitors by simultaneously repressing Nkx1.2 and activating Pax6 while preventing premature neuronal differentiation.

    Evidence Retroviral Cdx4 overexpression in mouse bone marrow transplant model with transcriptomic/proteomic profiling; chicken pre-neural tube gain- and loss-of-function with marker analysis

    PMID:30825428 PMID:31770439

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct versus indirect regulation of GATA1/2 by CDX4 not distinguished
    • Neural progenitor targets identified only in chicken; mammalian conservation not tested
  16. 2021 High

    CDX4 was found to function cell-autonomously in trunk neural crest cells, directly binding NC-specific enhancers to regulate foxd3 and control segmental NC migration, expanding CDX4's role beyond mesoderm and endoderm patterning.

    Evidence ChIP for enhancer binding, mutant analysis, cell transplantation chimera experiments in zebrafish

    PMID:34389276

    Open questions at the time
    • Full set of CDX4-bound NC enhancers not catalogued genome-wide
    • Whether CDX4 regulates NC in amniotes not established

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of CDX4–menin and CDX4–cofactor interactions, whether CDX4 mutations directly cause human Mendelian disease or contribute to human AML, and how CDX4's dual activating/repressing functions are mechanistically switched at different genomic targets.
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure of CDX4 or its complexes
  • No human genetic disease directly attributed to CDX4 mutations
  • Genome-wide binding data in mammalian hematopoietic or neural progenitors lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 8 GO:0003677 DNA binding 5
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 4
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 7 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
CDX2CTNNB1HOXA10HOXA9LEF1MENINSALL4TCF3

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2003 cdx4 (kugelig locus in zebrafish) is required for specification of haematopoietic progenitors by regulating hox gene expression; the haematopoietic defect in cdx4 mutants is rescued by overexpression of hoxb7a or hoxa9a but not hoxb8a, and is not rescued by scl overexpression, placing cdx4 upstream of specific hox genes but parallel to scl in making posterior mesoderm competent for blood development. Overexpression of cdx4 in zebrafish or mouse ES cells induces blood formation. Genetic screen (zebrafish kugelig mutant), rescue experiments with hox gene overexpression, scl overexpression epistasis, cdx4 overexpression in zebrafish and mouse ES cells Nature High 13679919
1993 Murine Cdx-4 protein and mRNA are expressed in a posterior-to-anterior gradient during gastrulation (7.0–10 d.p.c.), localizing to the allantois, primitive streak, neurectoderm, presomitic and lateral plate mesoderm, and hindgut endoderm, consistent with a role in anteroposterior axial patterning. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in mouse embryos Mechanisms of development Medium 7902125
2005 Cdx4 is a direct transcriptional target of the canonical Wnt pathway; LEF1 and β-catenin bind the Cdx4 promoter at LEF/TCF response elements, and Cdx4 expression is down-regulated in Wnt3a mutant embryos and by Wnt inhibitors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) from embryocarcinoma cells and embryo tail buds, promoter-reporter assays in P19 cells, ex vivo embryo culture with Wnt3a/inhibitors, Wnt3a mutant analysis Developmental biology High 16309666
2005 Cdx4 and cdx2 proteins form posterior-to-anterior gradients during gastrulation by protein decay as cells move away from the regressing tailbud; an enhancer in the first intron of the cdx4 gene is essential for correct transgene expression. lacZ reporter transgenic mouse embryos, in situ hybridization The International journal of developmental biology Medium 16281167
2006 Cdx4 contributes redundantly with Cdx1 and Cdx2 to anteroposterior vertebral patterning and axial elongation in mice; combined inactivation of Cdx4 with heterozygous Cdx2 loss causes placental labyrinth defects, including failure of allantoic vascular network extension into chorionic ectoderm. Targeted knockout of mouse Cdx4; compound mutant analysis (Cdx1/Cdx4, Cdx2/Cdx4 double mutants) Development (Cambridge, England) High 16396910
2006 Cdx4 and menin both bind to the same regulatory region of the Hoxa9 locus in hematopoietic cells and co-activate a Hoxa9 reporter. Menin is required for Cdx4 chromatin access; menin ablation abrogates Cdx4 binding to the Hoxa9 locus and reduces both active (H3K4me3) and repressive histone H3 modifications there. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), reporter co-activation assays, menin knockdown/ablation in hematopoietic cells, histone modification analysis PloS one High 17183676
2008 cdx4 functions cell-autonomously within the endoderm to confer posterior identity, localizing the pancreas, liver, and small intestine; cdx4 may block pancreatic identity by preventing retinoic acid signal transduction in posterior endoderm. Zebrafish cdx4 morpholino knockdown, tissue-specific cdx4 morpholino in endoderm, endoderm-specific cdx4 overexpression, RA treatment epistasis Development (Cambridge, England) High 18234725
2010 Cdx4 is a direct transcriptional target of Cdx2; Cdx2 binds Cdx response elements in the Cdx4 promoter (verified by EMSA and ChIP from embryos) and activates Cdx4 transcription independently of canonical Wnt signaling. Promoter-reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation from embryos, Cdx2 knockout analysis Mechanisms of development High 20933081
2010 Cdx4 is dispensable for establishment and maintenance of adult mammalian hematopoiesis under homeostatic conditions, but promotes MLL-AF9-mediated acute myeloid leukemia; loss of Cdx4 significantly delayed MLL-AF9-induced AML in a retroviral bone marrow transplant model. Germline and conditional Cdx4 knockout mice, competitive transplantation assays, MLL-AF9 retroviral transduction/bone marrow transplant leukemia model Haematologica High 20494928
2011 HoxA10 and Cdx4 form a positive transcriptional feedback loop in myeloid cells: HoxA10 binds a cis element in the CDX4 promoter to activate transcription, and Cdx4 binds a cis element in the HOXA10 promoter to activate transcription. Cdx4 influences transcription of HoxA10 target genes in a HoxA10-dependent manner, and knockdown of Cdx4 decreases cytokine hypersensitivity of HoxA10-overexpressing cells. Promoter-reporter assays with cis-element mapping, ChIP, Cdx4 knockdown in myeloid progenitor cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 21471217
2011 Tcf3 represses cdx4 expression by directly binding multiple sites in the cdx4 gene regulatory region in cooperation with Groucho/TLE and HDAC1 corepressors. The transcription factor E4f1 derepresses cdx4 by dissociating corepressors from Tcf3 (without disrupting Tcf3 DNA binding), while E3 ubiquitin ligase Lnx2b acts as a scaffold to counteract E4f1. Zebrafish embryo and cultured mammalian cell assays, ChIP, protein interaction studies, functional rescue experiments The EMBO journal High 21666599
2012 β-catenin directly binds novel cis elements in the CDX4 and HOXA10 promoters in myeloid progenitor cells, identifying both as β-catenin target genes. HoxA10-induced CDX4 transcription is augmented by Fgf2-dependent β-catenin activation, and Cdx4-induced HOXA10 transcription is similarly influenced by β-catenin in an Fgf2-dependent manner. Promoter-reporter assays with cis-element identification, ChIP for β-catenin occupancy, Fgf2 treatment and inhibition in myeloid progenitor cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 23038246
2013 ChIP-seq identified sall4 as a direct Cdx4 target gene; Sall4 in turn binds its own gene locus and the cdx4 locus (auto- and cross-regulation). Cdx4 and Sall4 co-regulate hematopoiesis-initiating genes (hox, scl, lmo2); combined cdx4/sall4 knockdown impairs erythropoiesis, rescued by co-overexpression of scl and lmo2. ChIP-seq and gene expression profiling in zebrafish, double knockdown, overexpression rescue experiments Stem cell reports High 24286030
2014 HoxA9 represses CDX4 transcription in differentiating myeloid cells, antagonizing HoxA10-mediated activation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA10 impairs CDX4 activation, while tyrosine phosphorylation of HoxA9 facilitates CDX4 repression, providing a differentiation stage-specific mechanism. Constitutively active Shp2 blocks cytokine-induced phosphorylation of HoxA9/HoxA10, sustaining CDX4 transcription in leukemia. Promoter-reporter assays, phosphorylation site mutagenesis, Mll-Ell and constitutively active Shp2 co-expression in myeloid progenitor cells Oncogenesis High 25531430
2015 Cdx4 differentially regulates hox gene transcription in a paralogous group-dependent manner in zebrafish: it primarily controls the timing of hox gene transcriptional activation (initiation phase) in trunk neural and mesodermal tissues, with distinct effects on head (group 4) and tail (group 11-13) hox genes. Spatiotemporal in situ hybridization of all 49 zebrafish hox genes in wild-type vs. Cdx4-deficient embryos Developmental dynamics Medium 26335559
2016 Cdx4 suppresses expression of the RA-degrading enzyme Cyp26a1 in the presumptive spinal cord, thereby preventing RA degradation in that domain. Conversely, RA signaling activates cyp26a1 and inhibits cdx4 expansion in the hindbrain. These reciprocal interactions between Cdx4 and RA/Cyp26a1 position the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary. Chemical inhibitors of RA signaling, morpholino knockdown of Cdx4, in situ hybridization for boundary markers in zebrafish Developmental biology Medium 26773000
2017 CDX4 is expressed exclusively in definitive hematopoietic KDR+CD235a- mesoderm in a WNT- and FGF-dependent manner in human PSC differentiation. Exogenous CDX4 expression during mesoderm specification represses primitive hematopoietic potential (>90%) and confers definitive hematopoietic potential; CDX4 knockout hPSCs have intact primitive but fivefold reduced definitive hematopoietic potential. Stage-specific hPSC differentiation, whole-transcriptome analysis, CDX4 overexpression, CDX4 knockout hPSCs, flow cytometry with CD235a/KDR markers Blood High 28408465
2019 CDX4 is a dual-function core component of the gene regulatory network controlling spinal cord neural progenitor maturation in chicken: CDX4 simultaneously represses the early neural differentiation marker Nkx1.2 and promotes the late neural differentiation marker Pax6, and prevents premature PAX6-dependent neural differentiation by blocking Ngn2 activation. This CDX4 regulation of Pax6 is restricted to the rostral pre-neural tube by Retinoic Acid signaling. Chicken pre-neural tube gain- and loss-of-function experiments, in situ hybridization, expression marker analysis Developmental biology Medium 30825428
2019 Aberrant expression of Cdx4 in mice induces transplantable acute erythroid leukemia by upregulating stemness/leukemogenesis genes while downregulating Gata1/Gata2 erythroid differentiation target genes; Cdx4 induces a proteomic profile overlapping with primitive human erythroid progenitors. Retroviral Cdx4 overexpression in mouse bone marrow transplant model, gene expression profiling, proteomics, whole-exome sequencing of leukemic mice Blood advances High 31770439
2021 Zebrafish Cdx4 is expressed in trunk neural crest (NC) cell progenitors, directly binds NC cell-specific enhancers in the NC gene regulatory network, and regulates expression of foxd3 in the posterior body. Cdx4 mutants show disrupted segmental trunk NC cell migration (loss of leader/follower dynamics); cell transplantation demonstrated that Cdx4 functions cell-autonomously in NC cells rather than in the adjacent paraxial mesoderm. ChIP for enhancer binding, morpholino/mutant analysis, in situ hybridization, cell transplantation chimera experiments in zebrafish Developmental biology High 34389276
2005 A consensus Oct1 binding site in the proximal Xenopus Cdx4 promoter (63 bp region) is required for posterior promoter activity; Oct1 co-expression activates a Cdx4 reporter, and mutation of the octamer site abolishes activity. This octamer site is conserved in human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish Cdx4 promoters. Transgenic reporter assays in Xenopus, deletion analysis, co-expression with Oct1, octamer site mutagenesis Developmental biology Medium 15950614

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 27 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2003 cdx4 mutants fail to specify blood progenitors and can be rescued by multiple hox genes. Nature 201 13679919
1993 Murine Cdx-4 bears striking similarities to the Drosophila caudal gene in its homeodomain sequence and early expression pattern. Mechanisms of development 151 7902125
2006 The Cdx4 mutation affects axial development and reveals an essential role of Cdx genes in the ontogenesis of the placental labyrinth in mice. Development (Cambridge, England) 94 16396910
2005 Cdx4 is a direct target of the canonical Wnt pathway. Developmental biology 89 16309666
2008 Cdx4 is required in the endoderm to localize the pancreas and limit beta-cell number. Development (Cambridge, England) 45 18234725
2009 Overlapping functions of Cdx1, Cdx2, and Cdx4 in the development of the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 40 19301404
2013 A Cdx4-Sall4 regulatory module controls the transition from mesoderm formation to embryonic hematopoiesis. Stem cell reports 29 24286030
2005 cdx4/lacZ and cdx2/lacZ protein gradients formed by decay during gastrulation in the mouse. The International journal of developmental biology 29 16281167
2010 A chemical genetic screen in zebrafish for pathways interacting with cdx4 in primitive hematopoiesis. Zebrafish 28 20415644
2006 Cdx4 and menin co-regulate Hoxa9 expression in hematopoietic cells. PloS one 27 17183676
2011 HoxA10 activates CDX4 transcription and Cdx4 activates HOXA10 transcription in myeloid cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 21471217
2011 Modulation of Tcf3 repressor complex composition regulates cdx4 expression in zebrafish. The EMBO journal 22 21666599
2017 Human definitive hematopoietic specification from pluripotent stem cells is regulated by mesodermal expression of CDX4. Blood 20 28408465
2016 CDX4 and retinoic acid interact to position the hindbrain-spinal cord transition. Developmental biology 15 26773000
2015 Spatiotemporal analysis of zebrafish hox gene regulation by Cdx4. Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 15 26335559
2012 β-Catenin activates the HOXA10 and CDX4 genes in myeloid progenitor cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 15 23038246
2010 Cdx4 is a Cdx2 target gene. Mechanisms of development 15 20933081
2022 Chicken LEAP2 Level Substantially Changes with Feed Intake and May Be Regulated by CDX4 in Small Intestine. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 13 36552416
2014 Regulation of CDX4 gene transcription by HoxA9, HoxA10, the Mll-Ell oncogene and Shp2 during leukemogenesis. Oncogenesis 13 25531430
2010 Cdx4 is dispensable for murine adult hematopoietic stem cells but promotes MLL-AF9-mediated leukemogenesis. Haematologica 13 20494928
2019 CDX4 regulates the progression of neural maturation in the spinal cord. Developmental biology 10 30825428
2005 A consensus Oct1 binding site is required for the activity of the Xenopus Cdx4 promoter. Developmental biology 7 15950614
2014 Spatiotemporal expression of Cdx4 in the developing anorectum of rat embryos with ethylenethiourea-induced anorectal malformations. Cells, tissues, organs 6 25401498
2019 The ParaHox gene Cdx4 induces acute erythroid leukemia in mice. Blood advances 4 31770439
2021 Zebrafish Cdx4 regulates neural crest cell specification and migratory behaviors in the posterior body. Developmental biology 3 34389276
2022 CD1d expression demarcates CDX4+ hemogenic mesoderm with definitive hematopoietic potential. Stem cell research 1 35569347
2006 Ex vivo expanding hematopoietic stem cells by intracellular delivery of Cdx4 fusion proteins. Medical hypotheses 1 17196761