Affinage

Showing CDK19 — CDK11 is a alias.

CDK19

Cyclin-dependent kinase 19 · UniProt Q9BWU1

Length
502 aa
Mass
56.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CDK19 is a cyclin-dependent kinase that, with its paralog CDK8, constitutes the catalytic core of the Mediator kinase module, a four-protein assembly with CCNC, MED12, and MED13 in which CCNC and MED12 activate kinase function and MED13 tethers the module to Mediator to regulate RNA Pol II transcription indirectly (PMID:30585107). CDK19 assembles into Mediator complexes distinct from those containing CDK8 (PMID:18651850), and across phosphoproteomic and genetic analyses CDK8 and CDK19 produce qualitatively equivalent effects on phosphorylation and gene expression, with apparent differences reflecting quantitative expression and activity rather than divergent functions; both also protect their partner cyclin C from proteolytic degradation in a kinase-independent manner (PMID:37378433). Beyond canonical transcriptional control, CDK19 governs signal-responsive programs by phosphorylating transcription factors and chromatin machinery — STAT1(Ser727) as a readout of kinase activity (PMID:26502155), STAT5 serine residues to drive ILC2 activation (PMID:40795210), STAT5/STAT3 in T-cell fate decisions (PMID:41770851), and SWI/SNF components at lineage-specifying enhancers (PMID:36006697) — and it also acts through a kinase-independent scaffolding mode to regulate a distinct set of IFN-γ-responsive genes (PMID:31495563). CDK19 additionally interacts physically with p53 to suppress p21-mediated senescence (PMID:35110726, PMID:41266629) and, unexpectedly, localizes to the cytoplasm in neurons where the ortholog phosphorylates Drp1 at Ser616 to promote mitochondrial fission (PMID:38637532). De novo missense variants that alter CDK19 kinase activity cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with epileptic features, behaving as loss- or gain-of-function alleles in model organisms (PMID:32330417, PMID:33495529).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2008 Medium

    Established that CDK19 is a bona fide Mediator-associated kinase that assembles into Mediator complexes independent of its paralog CDK8 and exerts distinct transcriptional effects.

    Evidence Epitope-tagged CDK19 purification, Mediator co-purification, siRNA knockdown, and luciferase reporter assays in HeLa cells

    PMID:18651850

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve whether opposing CDK8/CDK19 effects reflect intrinsic functional divergence or quantitative differences
    • Single lab; substrate specificity not addressed
  2. 2015 High

    Defined a selective chemical probe and structural binding mode for CDK8/CDK19 and validated STAT1(Ser727) as a pharmacodynamic biomarker of their kinase activity.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, kinase selectivity profiling across 291 kinases, cell-based gene expression, and an in vivo WNT tumor model

    PMID:26502155

    Open questions at the time
    • CCT251545 does not discriminate CDK8 from CDK19
    • Direct CDK19 substrate repertoire not enumerated
  3. 2018 High

    Consolidated the Mediator kinase module architecture, showing CCNC/MED12 activate the kinases and MED13 couples them to Mediator, defining how CDK19 influences Pol II transcription indirectly.

    Evidence Biochemical characterization and synthesis of co-purification and functional studies

    PMID:30585107

    Open questions at the time
    • Review-level synthesis; does not isolate CDK19-specific contributions within the module
  4. 2019 High

    Distinguished CDK19's kinase-independent scaffolding role from CDK8's enzymatic role in IFN-γ transcription, revealing functional non-equivalence at specific gene sets.

    Evidence GRO-seq, PRO-seq, chemical genetics with cortistatin A, and STAT1 phosphorylation assays

    PMID:31495563

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of the scaffolding function not defined
    • Scaffold-dependent gene set not mechanistically mapped to interactors
  5. 2019 Medium

    Linked CDK8/CDK19 kinase activity to immune cell fate by showing inhibition sensitizes TGF-β/SMAD signaling and attenuates IFN-γ–STAT1, promoting Treg differentiation.

    Evidence Small-molecule inhibitors, phospho-SMAD2/3 and phospho-STAT1 immunoblot, flow cytometry, and an EAE mouse model

    PMID:31552016

    Open questions at the time
    • Inhibitors do not separate CDK8 from CDK19
    • Direct vs indirect effect on SMAD phosphorylation unresolved
  6. 2022 High

    Identified SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler components as CDK8/CDK19 phosphorylation targets controlling enhancer co-occupancy and intestinal lineage specification.

    Evidence Mouse genetic models, CDK8/19 inhibitors, phosphorylation assays, and ChIP-seq for MED12/SWI/SNF colocalization

    PMID:36006697

    Open questions at the time
    • CDK8 and CDK19 act redundantly; CDK19-specific phosphosites not isolated
    • Phosphosite-to-function causality not fully established
  7. 2022 Medium

    Revealed a CDK19-p53 physical interaction that restrains p21 transcription and supports hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal.

    Evidence CDK19 knockout mice, reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, CDK8/19 inhibitor, and p53-inhibitor rescue

    PMID:35110726

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the p53 interaction is kinase-dependent unclear
    • Structural basis of CDK19-p53 binding undefined
  8. 2023 High

    Argued that CDK8 and CDK19 are functionally interchangeable, with knockout differences reflecting expression/activity dosage, and that both stabilize cyclin C kinase-independently.

    Evidence Multi-omics with genetic knockouts, selective inhibitors, a CDK8/19 PROTAC degrader, and kinase-inactive mutants

    PMID:37378433

    Open questions at the time
    • Reconciliation with context-specific non-redundancy reported elsewhere not fully settled
    • Mechanism of kinase-independent cyclin C protection not defined
  9. 2024 High

    Uncovered a non-transcriptional, cytoplasmic function in which the CDK19/Cdk8 ortholog phosphorylates Drp1(Ser616) to promote mitochondrial fission and counter Pink1-deficiency phenotypes.

    Evidence Drosophila genetics, endogenous GFP-tagged localization, Drp1 phosphorylation assays, Pink1 epistasis, ROS and morphology analysis

    PMID:38637532

    Open questions at the time
    • Cytoplasmic Drp1 phosphorylation shown mainly via the Drosophila ortholog; human CDK19 direct phosphorylation of Drp1 not biochemically isolated
    • Regulation switching nuclear vs cytoplasmic localization unknown
  10. 2025 Medium

    Extended the STAT-kinase axis to STAT5/STAT3 in immune effector and fibrotic contexts, linking CDK8/CDK19 activity to ILC2 activation, T-cell fate, and disease models.

    Evidence Selective inhibitors (AS3334366, AS2863619), phospho-STAT5/STAT3 assays, ILC2-deficient and ITP/asthma mouse models

    PMID:40795210 PMID:41770851

    Open questions at the time
    • Inhibitors do not separate CDK8 from CDK19
    • Direct CDK19-STAT5/STAT3 phosphorylation vs indirect effects not fully resolved
  11. 2025 Medium

    Placed CDK19 in a GRHL2-driven aging axis where CDK19 sequesters p53 to suppress p21 and senescence in prostate tissue.

    Evidence Single-nucleus transcriptomics, co-immunoprecipitation, CDK19 gain/loss, and primate gene therapy

    PMID:41266629

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether p53 sequestration requires CDK19 kinase activity unclear
    • Generalizability beyond prostate not established
  12. 2025 Medium

    Showed CDK19 expression is post-transcriptionally tuned by NUDT21-directed alternative polyadenylation, with long-3'UTR isoforms enhancing translation to drive cholesterol biosynthesis and immune evasion.

    Evidence CRISPR screening, APA analysis, RNA export and polysome profiling, 3'UTR truncation, and overexpression rescue

    PMID:41255211

    Open questions at the time
    • Connection between CDK19 protein level and cholesterol pathway is correlative downstream
    • Single cancer context (colorectal)
  13. 2026 Medium

    Implicated CDK8/CDK19 in hepatitis delta virus replication via Pol II CTD phosphorylation and small HDAg methylation-dependent rescue.

    Evidence Selective inhibitor MSC2530818, genetic knockouts, HDV replication assays, and Pol II CTD phosphorylation readouts

    PMID:41665877

    Open questions at the time
    • CDK19-specific contribution not separated from CDK8
    • Direct CTD phosphorylation by CDK19 not isolated

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CDK19 is selectively partitioned between nuclear transcriptional, kinase-independent scaffolding, and cytoplasmic mitochondrial-fission functions, and which of its many reported substrate engagements are direct, remains unresolved.
  • No structural model of CDK19 substrate selection
  • Determinants of subcellular localization unknown
  • Most studies cannot pharmacologically or genetically separate CDK19 from CDK8

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 5 GO:0016740 transferase activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 1
Partners
CCNCCDK8MED12MED13TP53
Complex memberships
Mediator complexMediator kinase module

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2019 CDK8 and CDK19 have mechanistically distinct roles in IFN-γ transcriptional responses: CDK8 kinase activity promotes RNA polymerase II pause release and phosphorylates STAT1 at Ser727, whereas CDK19 regulates IFN-γ-responsive genes through a kinase-independent scaffolding function. GRO-seq, PRO-seq, chemical genetics (cortistatin A), transcriptomics, STAT1 phosphorylation assays; decoupling of CDK8 vs CDK19 functions Molecular cell High 31495563
2018 CDK8 and CDK19 function within a 4-protein Mediator kinase module (with CCNC, MED12, MED13); CCNC and MED12 activate CDK8/CDK19 kinase function, and MED13 enables their association with the Mediator complex. They affect RNA Pol II transcription indirectly by phosphorylating transcription factors and controlling Mediator structure. Biochemical characterization, review of genetic and biochemical studies; complex composition established by prior co-purification and functional assays Transcription High 30585107
2015 CCT251545 is a potent and selective inhibitor of CDK8 and CDK19 with >100-fold selectivity over 291 other kinases. X-ray crystallography shows a type 1 binding mode involving insertion of the CDK8 C-terminus into the ligand binding site. CDK8/CDK19 inhibition alters WNT pathway gene expression and phosphorylation of STAT1(Ser727), established as a biomarker of CDK8/CDK19 kinase activity in vitro and in vivo. X-ray crystallography, kinase selectivity profiling (291 kinases), cell-based gene expression assays, in vivo WNT tumor model Nature chemical biology High 26502155
2008 CDK19 (referred to as hCDK11 in this study, the Mediator-associated paralog of CDK8) independently forms Mediator complexes devoid of CDK8. siRNA knockdown showed that CDK8 and CDK19 have opposing functions in VP16-dependent transcriptional regulation. Epitope-tagged CDK19 purification from HeLa cells, co-purification of Mediator complex, siRNA knockdown, luciferase transcription assay Genes to cells Medium 18651850
2023 CDK8 and CDK19 have qualitatively the same effects on protein phosphorylation and gene expression; differential effects of CDK8 vs CDK19 knockouts are attributable to quantitative differences in expression and activity rather than different functions. Both CDK8 and CDK19 protect their binding partner cyclin C from proteolytic degradation in a kinase-independent manner. Transcriptomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics; CDK8/CDK19 genetic knockouts, selective small-molecule inhibitors, CDK8/19 PROTAC degrader, isogenic cell populations expressing kinase-inactive mutants Nucleic acids research High 37378433
2022 CDK8 and CDK19 function redundantly to regulate intestinal lineage specification. The Mediator kinase module binds and phosphorylates key components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in intestinal epithelial cells; SWI/SNF and MED12-Mediator colocalize at lineage-specifying enhancers in a CDK8/19-dependent manner. Genetically defined mouse models, pharmacological CDK8/19 inhibitors, phosphorylation assays of SWI/SNF components, ChIP-seq for MED12 and SWI/SNF colocalization The Journal of clinical investigation High 36006697
2019 Inhibition of CDK8/CDK19 kinase activity promotes Treg cell differentiation via sensitized TGF-β signaling, associated with attenuation of IFN-γ–STAT1 signaling and enhancement of phosphorylated SMAD2/3. Small-molecule CDK8/19 inhibitors (CCT251921, Senexin A), flow cytometry for Treg differentiation, phospho-SMAD2/3 and phospho-STAT1 immunoblot, EAE mouse model Frontiers in immunology Medium 31552016
2018 CDK8 and CDK19 (Mediator kinases) are required for BMP4-induced EMT; both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CDK8/CDK19 abrogates BMP-induced EMT, YAP nuclear localization, and tumor cell invasion. CDK8/CDK19 mediate SMAD1-driven EMT in a YAP1-dependent manner. siRNA/shRNA knockdown, CDK8/19 selective inhibitor treatment, in vitro invasion assays, in vivo syngeneic EMT model, RNA-seq Oncogene Medium 29780169
2022 CDK19 interacts with p53 and inhibits p53-mediated transcription of p21 in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). CDK19 knockout mice show activated p53 signaling and impaired HSC proliferation/self-renewal; a specific p53 inhibitor partially rescues CDK19-null HSC defects. CDK19 knockout mice, co-immunoprecipitation (CDK19-p53 interaction), CDK8/19 inhibitor SenexinB, p53 inhibitor rescue experiments, flow cytometry Leukemia Medium 35110726
2020 CDK19 de novo missense variants (Tyr32His, Thr31Asn, Thr196Ala) cause a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder. In Drosophila, human CDK19 fully rescues loss of the CDK19 ortholog Cdk8 (larval lethality, seizures, reduced lifespan, loss of NMJ boutons), while disease-associated CDK19 variants fail to rescue and behave as loss-of-function alleles. Drosophila genetic complementation, neuronal RNAi knockdown of Cdk8, rescue with human CDK19 WT vs. variant cDNA, neuromuscular junction morphology analysis American journal of human genetics High 32330417
2021 Disease-associated CDK19 variants show altered kinase activity: the Gly28Arg substitution reduces kinase activity and the Tyr32His substitution increases kinase activity compared to wild-type, as measured by in vitro autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation assays. Both variants cause morphological abnormalities in zebrafish. In vitro autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation assays, zebrafish mRNA injection morphology assay Genetics in medicine High 33495529
2024 Drosophila Cdk8 (the ortholog of human CDK8 and CDK19) promotes mitochondrial fission through phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser616. Human CDK19 can rescue neuronal Cdk8 loss (reduced lifespan, bang sensitivity), including cytoplasmic localization in neurons. Cdk8/CDK19 overexpression suppresses Pink1-deficiency phenotypes (elevated ROS, mitochondrial dysmorphology). Drosophila genetic models, endogenous GFP-tagged Cdk8 localization, Drp1 phosphorylation assays, Pink1 epistasis, ROS measurement, mitochondrial morphology analysis Nature communications High 38637532
2022 CDK8 and CDK19 act redundantly to regulate CFTR pathway gene expression in intestinal epithelium. Combined deletion of CDK8 and CDK19 in intestinal organoids leads to mucus accumulation, increased goblet cell secretion, and downregulation of CFTR expression and function, while individual deletions show limited effects. Mouse genetic models (CDK8 KO, CDK19 KO, double KO), intestinal organoids, pharmacological CDK8/19 inhibition, CFTR functional assays EMBO reports High 36545778
2025 CDK8 and CDK19 are required for normal macrophage differentiation; double knockout (DKO) mice lacking both Cdk8 and Cdk19 in hematopoietic cells show expansion of splenic macrophages, altered cytokine secretion, deregulated gene expression, precocious cell cycle exit, and impaired Fc-mediated phagocytosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Hematopoietic-specific CDK8/CDK19 double knockout mice, gene expression analysis, phagocytosis assays, flow cytometry, cytokine secretion assays Cell cycle Medium 41123539
2025 CDK8 and CDK19 phosphorylate serine residues of STAT5 in ILC2s, promoting their activation and cytokine production (IL-5, IL-13). CDK8/19 inhibition suppresses STAT5 serine phosphorylation and ILC2 activation, reducing lung fibrosis in an OVA-induced asthmatic mouse model. CDK8/19 inhibitor AS3334366, OVA-induced asthmatic mouse model, ILC2-deficient mouse model, phospho-STAT5 (serine) assays, cytokine production measurements Journal of immunology Medium 40795210
2019 CDK19 inhibition (siRNA knockdown and CDK8/19 inhibitor) significantly decreases migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell lines. siRNA-mediated CDK19 knockdown, selective CDK8/19 inhibitor treatment, migration and invasion assays, RNAseq Clinical cancer research Medium 27678455
2025 CDK8/CDK19 inhibition with AS2863619 promotes conversion of CD4+CD25- effector T cells into Foxp3+ Tregs via STAT5 phosphorylation; STAT5 blockade abrogates this effect. CDK8/CDK19 inhibition also suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation under IL-6 conditions, attenuating Th17 polarization. These mechanisms were confirmed in a murine ITP model. Small-molecule CDK8/19 inhibitor AS2863619, flow cytometry, STAT5/STAT3 phosphorylation assays, transcriptomics, metabolic analysis, murine ITP model Blood Medium 41770851
2025 In prostate aging, GRHL2 promotes CDK19 transcription; CDK19 sequesters p53, suppressing p21Waf1/Cip1 expression. Aging-related downregulation of GRHL2 releases p53 from the CDK19-p53 complex, activating p21 transcription and inducing cell senescence. A GRHL2-based gene therapy delayed prostate aging in vivo. Single-nucleus transcriptomics, co-immunoprecipitation (CDK19-p53 complex), CDK19 overexpression/knockdown, in vivo gene therapy in primates Nature aging Medium 41266629
2025 NUDT21 promotes generation of CDK19 mRNA isoforms with long 3'UTR by directing distal polyadenylation sites; the long 3'UTR facilitates cytoplasmic export and efficient translation of CDK19 transcripts (without affecting stability), thereby driving cholesterol biosynthesis and immune evasion in colorectal cancer. CRISPR/Cas9 screening, APA analysis, RNA export assays, polysome profiling, CDK19 3'UTR truncation, CDK19 overexpression rescue Advanced science Medium 41255211
2026 CDK8 and CDK19 are required for hepatitis delta virus (HDV) replication; their loss prevents establishment of HDV replication in cell culture models and reduces HDV RNA synthesis. CDK8/19 inactivation reduces phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of Pol II. Ectopic expression of small HDAg (but not its methylation site R13 mutant) restores HDV replication in CDK8/19-deficient cells. Selective CDK8/19 inhibitor MSC2530818, CDK8/19 genetic knockouts, HDV replication assays in multiple cell culture models, Pol II CTD phosphorylation assays Hepatology Medium 41665877
2021 CDK19 haploinsufficiency (caused by chromosomal inversion disrupting the CDK19 gene) is associated with microcephaly, congenital retinal folds, and mental retardation. CDK19 is expressed in fetal eye and fetal brain. Drosophila cdk8 (the ortholog) knockdown in multiple dendrite neurons reduced dendritic branching by 35% and altered dendritic arbour morphology. Karyotyping, FISH mapping of chromosomal breakpoints, quantitative RT-PCR (50% transcript reduction in patient cells), Drosophila conditional cdk8 knockdown in md neurons Human genetics Medium 20563892

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2015 A selective chemical probe for exploring the role of CDK8 and CDK19 in human disease. Nature chemical biology 125 26502155
2002 CDK11 complexes promote pre-mRNA splicing. The Journal of biological chemistry 124 12501247
2008 Characterization of cyclin L1 and L2 interactions with CDK11 and splicing factors: influence of cyclin L isoforms on splice site selection. The Journal of biological chemistry 102 18216018
2018 Regulatory functions of the Mediator kinases CDK8 and CDK19. Transcription 101 30585107
2016 Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Mediator Complex Transcriptome Identifies CDK19 and CDK8 as Therapeutic Targets in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 90 27678455
2016 Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Small-Molecule Modulators of the Mediator Complex-Associated Kinases CDK8 and CDK19. Journal of medicinal chemistry 88 26796641
2004 Failure to proliferate and mitotic arrest of CDK11(p110/p58)-null mutant mice at the blastocyst stage of embryonic cell development. Molecular and cellular biology 75 15060143
2019 Transcriptional Responses to IFN-γ Require Mediator Kinase-Dependent Pause Release and Mechanistically Distinct CDK8 and CDK19 Functions. Molecular cell 74 31495563
2022 CDK11 regulates pre-mRNA splicing by phosphorylation of SF3B1. Nature 71 36104565
2008 Cdk11 is a RanGTP-dependent microtubule stabilization factor that regulates spindle assembly rate. The Journal of cell biology 70 18316407
2007 CDK11(p58) is required for the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion. Journal of cell science 70 17606997
2014 Targeting CDK11 in osteosarcoma cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 65 25348612
2012 Systematic kinome shRNA screening identifies CDK11 (PITSLRE) kinase expression is critical for osteosarcoma cell growth and proliferation. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 64 22791884
2002 Casein kinase 2 interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) in vivo and phosphorylates both the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain and CDK11 in vitro. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 12429741
2016 The emerging roles and therapeutic potential of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) in human cancer. Oncotarget 63 27049727
2019 Molecular and in vivo Functions of the CDK8 and CDK19 Kinase Modules. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 58 30693281
2018 Mediator kinase CDK8/CDK19 drives YAP1-dependent BMP4-induced EMT in cancer. Oncogene 54 29780169
2015 Cyclin-dependent kinase 11(p110) (CDK11(p110)) is crucial for human breast cancer cell proliferation and growth. Scientific reports 54 25990212
2019 Long noncoding RNA CASC2 promotes paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer through regulation of miR-18a-5p/CDK19. Histochemistry and cell biology 50 31352515
2015 CDK11 in TREX/THOC Regulates HIV mRNA 3' End Processing. Cell host & microbe 50 26567509
2010 CDK19 is disrupted in a female patient with bilateral congenital retinal folds, microcephaly and mild mental retardation. Human genetics 49 20563892
2013 Cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) is crucial in the growth of liposarcoma cells. Cancer letters 48 24007862
2012 Cdk11-cyclinL controls the assembly of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex. Cell reports 48 23122962
2009 HIV-1 mRNA 3' end processing is distinctively regulated by eIF3f, CDK11, and splice factor 9G8. Molecular cell 46 19854136
2020 CDK11 is required for transcription of replication-dependent histone genes. Nature structural & molecular biology 42 32367068
2020 Galactosyltransferase B4GALT1 confers chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas by upregulating N-linked glycosylation of CDK11p110. Cancer letters 42 33309857
2023 CDK8 and CDK19: positive regulators of signal-induced transcription and negative regulators of Mediator complex proteins. Nucleic acids research 41 37378433
2019 Inhibition of Cdk8/Cdk19 Activity Promotes Treg Cell Differentiation and Suppresses Autoimmune Diseases. Frontiers in immunology 41 31552016
2016 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 11 (CDK11) Is Required for Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo, and Its Inhibition Causes Apoptosis and Sensitizes Cells to Paclitaxel. Molecular cancer therapeutics 38 27207777
2020 De Novo Variants in CDK19 Are Associated with a Syndrome Involving Intellectual Disability and Epileptic Encephalopathy. American journal of human genetics 37 32330417
2019 Increased mediator complex subunit CDK19 expression associates with aggressive prostate cancer. International journal of cancer 32 31271443
2011 The cyclin-dependent kinase PITSLRE/CDK11 is required for successful autophagy. Autophagy 31 21808150
2011 CDK11(p58) is required for centriole duplication and Plk4 recruitment to mitotic centrosomes. PloS one 30 21297952
2008 Human mediator kinase subunit CDK11 plays a negative role in viral activator VP16-dependent transcriptional regulation. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 30 18651850
2021 Corosolic acid inhibits cancer progression by decreasing the level of CDK19-mediated O-GlcNAcylation in liver cancer cells. Cell death & disease 27 34588426
2012 CHK2 kinase promotes pre-mRNA splicing via phosphorylating CDK11(p110). Oncogene 26 23178491
2020 CircRNA-1926 Promotes the Differentiation of Goat SHF Stem Cells into Hair Follicle Lineage by miR-148a/b-3p/CDK19 Axis. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 24 32887226
2005 Downregulation of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 inhibits CDK11(p58)-mediated apoptosis induced by cycloheximide. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 24 15629159
2018 The Emerging Picture of CDK11: Genetic, Functional and Medicinal Aspects. Current medicinal chemistry 22 28814241
2011 Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein regulates the cell cycle through IRES-dependent translation of CDK11(p58) in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 22 22037210
2022 Hotair promotes the migration and proliferation in ovarian cancer by miR-222-3p/CDK19 axis. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 21 35451651
2022 CDK19 regulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and acute myeloid leukemia cells by suppressing p53-mediated transcription of p21. Leukemia 20 35110726
2019 CDK11p110 plays a critical role in the tumorigenicity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and is a potential drug target. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 20 30722725
2011 Mislocalization of CDK11/PITSLRE, a regulator of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, in Alzheimer disease. Cellular & molecular biology letters 19 21461981
2010 Thr-370 is responsible for CDK11(p58) autophosphorylation, dimerization, and kinase activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 21078675
2022 CDK8 and CDK19 regulate intestinal differentiation and homeostasis via the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF. The Journal of clinical investigation 16 36006697
2022 Crystal structure of the CDK11 kinase domain bound to the small-molecule inhibitor OTS964. Structure (London, England : 1993) 16 36327972
2014 CDK11(p58) kinase activity is required to protect sister chromatid cohesion at centromeres in mitosis. Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology 16 24436071
2024 Cdk8/CDK19 promotes mitochondrial fission through Drp1 phosphorylation and can phenotypically suppress pink1 deficiency in Drosophila. Nature communications 15 38637532
2023 Therapeutic potential of CDK11 in cancer. Clinical and translational medicine 15 36855776
2023 CDK11 requires a critical activator SAP30BP to regulate pre-mRNA splicing. The EMBO journal 15 38059508
2021 CDK19-related disorder results from both loss-of-function and gain-of-function de novo missense variants. Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 15 33495529
2015 Critical role of CDK11(p58) in human breast cancer growth and angiogenesis. BMC cancer 15 26470709
2007 CDK11(p58) protein kinase activity is associated with Bcl-2 down-regulation in pro-apoptosis pathway. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 15 17516030
2022 Hsa_circ_0006692 Promotes Lung Cancer Progression via miR-205-5p/CDK19 Axis. Genes 14 35627232
2019 CDK11 Loss Induces Cell Cycle Dysfunction and Death of BRAF and NRAS Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 14 30987032
2020 CDK11 negatively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the endosomal compartment by affecting microtubule stability. Cancer biology & medicine 13 32587772
2019 Transcriptional activation of CBFβ by CDK11p110 is necessary to promote osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 13 31610798
2024 CD24 induced cellular quiescence-like state and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells via miR-130a/301a-dependent CDK19 downregulation. Cell death discovery 12 38360723
2022 CDK8 and CDK19 act redundantly to control the CFTR pathway in the intestinal epithelium. EMBO reports 12 36545778
2020 Sexual cell cycle initiation is regulated by CDK19 and CYC9 in Tetrahymena thermophila. Journal of cell science 12 32041901
2010 Cyclin D3/CDK11(p58) complex involved in Schwann cells proliferation repression caused by lipopolysaccharide. Inflammation 11 20066559
2020 A cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK11/p58, represses cap-dependent translation during mitosis. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 10 32030451
2019 CDK11p58-cyclin L1β regulates abscission site assembly. The Journal of biological chemistry 10 31653703
2023 Evodiamine inhibits malignant progression of ovarian cancer cells by regulating lncRNA-NEAT1/miR-152-3p/CDK19 axis. Chemical biology & drug design 9 36892495
2023 CDK11 facilitates centromeric transcription to maintain centromeric cohesion during mitosis. Molecular biology of the cell 9 38019613
2013 LPS-stimulating astrocyte-conditioned medium causes neuronal apoptosis via increasing CDK11(p58) expression in PC12 cells through downregulating AKT pathway. Cellular and molecular neurobiology 9 23703121
2023 PET imaging of new target CDK19 in prostate cancer. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 8 37278941
2020 CDK19 as a Potential HPV-Independent Biomarker for Recurrent Disease in HNSCC. International journal of molecular sciences 8 32752128
2011 CDK11(p58) promotes rat astrocyte inflammatory response via activating p38 and JNK pathways induced by lipopolysaccharide. Neurochemical research 8 22120654
2020 ISOC1 promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by positively regulating CDK19. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 7 33275227
2022 Mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit (MRPS) MRPS23 protein-protein interaction reveals phosphorylation by CDK11-p58 affecting cell proliferation and knockdown of MRPS23 sensitizes breast cancer cells to CDK1 inhibitors. Molecular biology reports 6 35962848
2021 CDK19 as a diagnostic marker for high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Human pathology 6 34314763
2024 Novel CDK19-Targeted Radiotracers: A Potential Design Strategy to Improve the Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Uptake. Journal of medicinal chemistry 5 38570733
2021 A novel variant of CDK19 causes a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with infantile spasms. Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies 5 33568421
2005 Diversification of CDK11 transcripts during chicken testis development and regression. Molecular reproduction and development 5 16094671
2025 On-target toxicity limits the efficacy of CDK11 inhibition against cancers with 1p36 deletions. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 4 40766692
2025 Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 8 and its paralog CDK19 develop group 2 innate lymphoid cell-related lung fibrosis by activating STAT5. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 4 40795210
2025 CDK11 Mediates Autophagy to Promote Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration by Regulating BCL-2. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 3 40853089
2025 A CDK11-dependent RNA polymerase II pause-checkpoint precedes CDK9-mediated transition to transcriptional elongation. Molecular cell 3 40858114
2025 CDK7-CDK11 axis in spliceosome regulation and pre-mRNA splicing. Nucleic acids research 3 41428738
2019 CDK11 safeguards the identity of human embryonic stem cells via fine-tuning signaling pathways. Journal of cellular physiology 2 31612516
2026 Romaciclib, a CDK8/CDK19 inhibitor, can overcome venetoclax resistance through a combinatorial strategy. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1 41446261
2026 CDK8 and CDK19 Mediator kinases are required for hepatitis delta virus replication. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 1 41665877
2026 CDK8/CDK19 inhibition restores T-cell homeostasis in primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 1 41770851
2025 Optimized CDK19 PET Tracers: Spirocyclic-Driven Design and Prostate Cancer Imaging. Journal of medicinal chemistry 1 40679172
2025 CDK11 Promotes Paclitaxel Resistance in Cervical Cancer by Regulating LATS1-Mediated Hippo Signaling Pathway Through Phosphorylation of NF2. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 1 41074747
2025 CDK11 inhibition induces cytoplasmic p21WAF1 splice variant by p53 stabilisation and SF3B1 inactivation. Molecular oncology 1 41105927
2025 NUDT21-mediated Alternative Polyadenylation of CDK19 Reprograms Cholesterol Biosynthesis to Drive Colorectal Cancer Progression. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 1 41255211
2025 Reprogramming the GRHL2-CDK19 axis by gene therapy alleviates prostate aging. Nature aging 1 41266629
2021 CDK11 Promotes Cytokine-Induced Apoptosis in Pancreatic Beta Cells Independently of Glucose Concentration and Is Regulated by Inflammation in the NOD Mouse Model. Frontiers in immunology 1 33664748
2019 Correction to: Transcriptional activation of CBFβ by CDK11p110 is necessary to promote osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 1 31665012
2026 Targeting CDK11 in Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney. Cancers 0 41595181
2026 In Silico-Enabled Discovery and Development of Potent and Selective CDK11 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 0 41886307
2026 Phosphorylation of SF3B1 by CDK11 orchestrates spliceosome activation via SNIP1-dependent RES complex recruitment. Nature communications 0 41904131
2026 Cryo-EM structures of the CDK11-cyclin L-SAP30BP complex reveal mechanisms of CDK11 regulation. Nature communications 0 42034640
2025 Synthesis and Imaging of Novel CDK19-Targeted Tracers Incorporating an Albumin-Binding Moiety. Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals 0 40077993
2025 Transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk8 and Cdk19 are required for normal macrophage differentiation. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 0 41123539
2025 CDK11 activates CDK12 to trigger the elongation of RNA Polymerase II. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 41377501
2021 Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. Cells 0 33921436

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