Affinage

CD1B

T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1b · UniProt P29016

Length
333 aa
Mass
36.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
69 papers in source corpus 25 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CD1b is a non-polymorphic MHC class I-like antigen-presenting molecule that displays lipid and glycolipid antigens to T cells, functioning as a bridge between innate lipid recognition and adaptive cellular immunity, most prominently against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PMID:1281285, PMID:9323206). Its hydrophobic groove binds the acyl chains of antigens such as glucose monomycolate (GMM), lipoarabinomannan, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, and sulfoglycolipids nonspecifically while positioning the polar head group for TCR contact, so that T cell recognition is exquisitely sensitive to the carbohydrate/head group yet tolerant of lipid-tail variation (PMID:9323206, PMID:9529150, PMID:22006319). To accommodate antigens of widely varying size, CD1b seats endogenous scaffold lipids (deoxyceramides, diacylglycerols/diradylglycerols) beneath the bound antigen, and antigen capture triggers F' pocket closure and remodeling of the residues exposed to the TCR (PMID:22087000, PMID:22006319). Maturation begins in the ER, where nascent heavy chains engage calnexin and calreticulin before β2-microglobulin assembly, with failure of these interactions routing CD1b to proteasomal/mannosidase-dependent degradation (PMID:10508179). A tyrosine-based motif in its short cytoplasmic tail directs CD1b through AP-2-dependent internalization from the cell surface into MHC class II compartments/lysosomes, an acidic environment required for loading exogenous mycobacterial lipids; pH-dependent ionic tethers (D60, E62) act as conformational switches that open the groove for bulky-tailed antigens during endosomal recycling (PMID:8662520, PMID:9529151, PMID:11847129, PMID:18538591, PMID:10899914). Lysosomal antigen loading further depends on the lipid transfer protein saposin C, which binds CD1b and extracts antigen from membranes, while CD1e assists α-mannosidase processing and transfer of PIM species (PMID:14716313, PMID:22782895). CD1b-lipid complexes are recognized by diverse αβ TCRs in a diagonal, antigen-contacting docking mode — including conserved 'GEM' TCRs that grip the GMM glucose like tweezers — and also by Vδ1+ γδ T cells (PMID:11035089, PMID:27807341, PMID:32868441, PMID:21807869). Beyond foreign lipids, CD1b presents self-phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine) to autoreactive T cells, which engage the conserved phosphate/glycerol neck region via a lateral escape channel that shunts head groups sideways, explaining broad cross-reactivity (PMID:30610190, PMID:36587766, PMID:26621732).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 25 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Established that CD1b is itself an antigen-presenting molecule, defining a presentation system parallel to but distinct from classical MHC.

    Evidence T cell proliferation/cytotoxicity assays against M. tuberculosis with CD1b-expressing APCs and antibody blocking

    PMID:1281285

    Open questions at the time
    • Antigen identity unknown at this point
    • Did not establish lipid versus peptide nature of presented antigen
  2. 1996 High

    Resolved where CD1b loads antigen and how it gets there, showing it uses its own tail-encoded sorting signal rather than the invariant chain used by MHC class II.

    Evidence Immunoelectron microscopy, subcellular fractionation, and cytoplasmic tail mutants localizing CD1b to MIICs

    PMID:8662520

    Open questions at the time
    • Adaptor machinery reading the motif not yet identified
    • Route from Golgi to MIIC not resolved
  3. 1997 High

    Identified a defined mycobacterial glycolipid (GMM) as antigen and revealed the head-group-specific, tail-permissive logic of recognition that defines CD1b binding.

    Evidence Synthetic GMM analogs with defined modifications tested on CD1b-restricted T cell clones

    PMID:9323206

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of groove binding not yet visualized
    • How acyl chains are accommodated unknown
  4. 1997 High

    Connected innate pattern recognition to CD1b presentation by showing the mannose receptor delivers LAM into CD1b-containing compartments.

    Evidence MR blocking, LAM internalization, and immunofluorescence colocalization of MR/LAM/CD1b

    PMID:9047240

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether MR is the sole uptake route unknown
    • Loading step within lysosome not defined
  5. 1998 High

    Provided direct biochemical and pH-dependent mechanism for antigen capture, showing CD1b binds acyl chains and unfolds at acidic pH to expose its hydrophobic site.

    Evidence Direct CD1b-lipid binding assays and pH-dependent binding/structural characterization

    PMID:9529150

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-resolution groove architecture not yet solved
    • Accessory loading factors not identified
  6. 1998 High

    Pinpointed the single cytoplasmic tyrosine as the functional determinant linking endosomal targeting to efficient antigen presentation.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of the tail tyrosine with presentation and localization readouts

    PMID:9529151

    Open questions at the time
    • Surface-loaded antigens still presentable, leaving the boundary between pathways open
    • Sorting adaptors not yet defined
  7. 1999 High

    Defined the ER assembly and quality-control pathway, showing chaperone engagement and β2m assembly are required to escape degradation.

    Evidence Co-IP with calnexin/calreticulin, glucosidase/proteasome inhibitors, and β2m rescue in deficient cells

    PMID:10508179

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether lipid is loaded in the ER not addressed
    • Timing of scaffold lipid acquisition unknown
  8. 2000 High

    Distinguished a neutral-pH, surface, processing-independent route for self-glycosphingolipids from the endosomal route for foreign lipids.

    Evidence Surface CD1b-lipid binding at neutral pH, soluble GM1-CD1b complex T cell stimulation, and competitive displacement

    PMID:10981968

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological relevance of surface self-lipid display unclear
    • TCR contribution to self-lipid discrimination not resolved
  9. 2000 Medium

    Mapped the geometry of TCR engagement, establishing diagonal docking over the α1/α2 helices contacting both helices and antigen.

    Evidence Epitope-specific antibody mapping and site-specific CD1b mutants tested for T cell recognition

    PMID:11035089

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab mutagenesis without a co-crystal structure
    • Diversity of docking modes across TCRs not addressed
  10. 2000 High

    Showed the natural GMM epitope is a host-pathogen hybrid requiring stereospecific coupling of pathogen mycolate to host glucose.

    Evidence TCR chain transfection reconstitution, chemical analysis of natural GMM, and in vivo infection studies

    PMID:11015438

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality across mycobacterial lipids unknown
    • Enzymes generating the epitope not identified here
  11. 2000 High

    Demonstrated compartment-specialized trafficking, contrasting lysosomal CD1b (acidification-dependent) with endosomal CD1c.

    Evidence Subcellular fractionation, acidification inhibitors, tail mutants, and presentation assays in dendritic cells

    PMID:10899914

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic basis of differential sorting between CD1 isoforms not resolved
  12. 2000 Medium

    Confirmed the requirement of tail-driven endosomal recycling for optimal loading using GPI-reanchoring that bypasses the tail.

    Evidence GPI-reanchored CD1b.DAF chimeras with PLC sensitivity controls and functional T cell assays

    PMID:10903726

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab engineered-construct study
    • Residual presentation mechanism by GPI-anchored CD1b not defined
  13. 2002 High

    Defined the full itinerary, showing CD1b reaches the surface first then enters via AP-2 with a second AP-3-linked sort to MIICs.

    Evidence Pulse-chase, dominant-negative AP-2, inhibitors, and functional presentation assays

    PMID:11847129

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct demonstration of AP-3 involvement incomplete
    • Recycling kinetics not fully quantified
  14. 2002 High

    Linked antigen lipid chain length to the route of presentation, explaining why long-chain antigens need endosomal delivery.

    Evidence Synthetic GMM analogs of defined chain lengths with endosomal inhibitors and APC comparisons

    PMID:11938350

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for chain-length-dependent loading not resolved here
  15. 2004 High

    Identified saposin C as the lysosomal lipid-loading cofactor that extracts antigen from membranes and physically engages CD1b.

    Evidence SAP-deficient fibroblast reconstitution, co-IP with CD1b, liposome extraction, and colocalization

    PMID:14716313

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry/structure of the CD1b-saposin C interaction unknown
    • Whether other lipid transfer proteins contribute not resolved
  16. 2008 High

    Revealed pH-responsive ionic tethers (D60/E62) acting as molecular switches that gate groove flexibility and bulky-tail loading during endosomal recycling.

    Evidence Molecular dynamics, D60/E62 mutagenesis, pH-varied binding, and presentation assays

    PMID:18538591

    Open questions at the time
    • In situ confirmation of pH-driven conformational change in cells limited
    • Single-lab structural modeling
  17. 2011 High

    Established that endogenous scaffold lipids fill the groove beneath antigen, enabling presentation across a broad antigen size range.

    Evidence Comparative lipidomics, crystal structure of CD1b with scaffold lipids, and presentation assays

    PMID:22087000

    Open questions at the time
    • How scaffold lipids are selected and exchanged in cells not defined
  18. 2011 High

    Provided atomic-level mechanism for tail sensitivity, showing antigen binding repositions spacer lipids, closes the F' pocket, and remodels TCR-exposed residues.

    Evidence 1.9 Å crystal structure of CD1b-diacylsulfoglycolipid with mutagenesis and T cell assays

    PMID:22006319

    Open questions at the time
    • Conformational dynamics during loading inferred from static structure
  19. 2011 High

    Proved cognate αβ TCR recognition of CD1b-GMM by tetramer and recombinant TCR blocking, and reassigned the dominant responding population toward CD4+ cells.

    Evidence CD1b-GMM tetramer staining, clonotypic TCR blocking, and ex vivo TB donor analysis

    PMID:21807869

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of CD4 co-receptor usage not defined
  20. 2012 High

    Defined CD1e as a processing/transfer accessory that prepares PIM6 antigens by acylation-selective digestion and transfer to CD1b.

    Evidence Reconstituted lipid transfer and enzymatic digestion assays with defined PIM substrates plus T cell readout

    PMID:22782895

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CD1e acts on antigens beyond PIM not addressed here
  21. 2015 High

    Established that CD1b presents self-phospholipids, with phosphatidylglycerol immunodominant and no mammalian/bacterial discrimination, implicating stress/infection-associated self-lipid recognition.

    Evidence CD1b dextramer staining, mass spectrometry antigen ID, and phospholipid-scanning T cell assays

    PMID:26621732

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo trigger for autoreactivity not defined
    • Structural basis of cross-reactivity not yet shown here
  22. 2016 High

    Defined the structural basis of conserved GEM TCR recognition, showing dual-chain 'tweezer' gripping of the GMM glucose for high mycobacterial specificity.

    Evidence GEM TCR-CD1b-GMM ternary crystal structure, mutagenesis, and TB patient T cell assays

    PMID:27807341

    Open questions at the time
    • Why GEM TCR usage recurs across donors not mechanistically explained
  23. 2019 High

    Explained broad self-phospholipid cross-reactivity via a lateral escape channel that shunts head groups while the TCR reads the conserved phosphate neck.

    Evidence Crystal structure of TCR-CD1b-phosphatidylcholine with phospholipid-scanning activation assays

    PMID:30610190

    Open questions at the time
    • Frequency and physiological role of such autoreactive cells not defined
  24. 2020 Medium

    Extended CD1b recognition to γδ T cells, showing Vδ1-mediated, variably lipid-dependent reactivity and overlap with butyrophilin-like recognition.

    Evidence CD1b tetramers, TCR chain-swap experiments, and blocking across multiple donors

    PMID:32868441

    Open questions at the time
    • No co-crystal structure of γδ TCR-CD1b
    • Antigen requirements for lipid-independent recognition undefined
  25. 2022 High

    Provided structural definition of autoreactive αβ TCR engagement of a self-phosphatidylinositol complex, identifying CD1b Glu-80 as a key TCR-contact residue.

    Evidence 1.9/2.4 Å crystal structures, alanine-scanning mutagenesis, and SPR

    PMID:36587766

    Open questions at the time
    • Thymic selection and in vivo role of these autoreactive cells not addressed

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CD1b antigen presentation is dysregulated in disease and how the surface self-lipid display versus lysosomal foreign-lipid loading pathways are integrated in vivo remain unresolved.
  • No timeline disease-causation study
  • In vivo balance between self and foreign lipid presentation undefined
  • Regulation of scaffold lipid exchange in cells not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 5 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 4 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2
Localization
GO:0005764 lysosome 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005768 endosome 2 GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-9609507 Protein localization 4
Partners
B2MCALRCANXCD1EPSAP

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1992 CD1b functions as an antigen-presenting molecule that restricts the proliferative and cytotoxic responses of CD4-CD8- αβ TCR+ T cells specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, requiring CD1b expression on the antigen-presenting cell and involving an antigen processing requirement similar to MHC class II-restricted presentation. T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays with CD1b-expressing antigen-presenting cells; antibody blocking experiments Nature High 1281285
1996 CD1b localizes to MHC class II compartments (MIICs) — the endosomal antigen-loading compartments — and this localization is dependent on a tyrosine-based motif in its own cytoplasmic tail, not on association with invariant chain as for MHC class II. Immunoelectron microscopy, subcellular fractionation, cytoplasmic tail deletion/mutation constructs, and co-localization with MHC class II in MIICs Science High 8662520
1997 CD1b presents the mycobacterial glycolipid glucose monomycolate (GMM) to T cells; T cell recognition is insensitive to variation in lipid tails but extremely sensitive to alterations in the carbohydrate or polar head group, indicating that CD1b binds acyl chains nonspecifically in its hydrophobic groove while positioning the hydrophilic moiety for specific TCR interaction. Synthetic GMM analogs with defined chemical modifications presented to CD1b-restricted T cell clones; T cell activation assays Science High 9323206
1997 The macrophage mannose receptor (MR) mediates uptake of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and delivers it to late endosomes/lysosomes/MIICs where CD1b is present; MR and CD1b colocalize in these compartments, linking innate pattern recognition to CD1b-mediated adaptive T cell presentation of LAM. MR antagonism/blocking assays, LAM internalization studies, immunofluorescence colocalization of MR, LAM, and CD1b in intracellular compartments Immunity High 9047240
1998 CD1b directly binds the acyl side chains of lipid antigens (LAM, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, GMM) with high affinity; binding is optimal at acidic pH due to partial unfolding of the α-helices of CD1b at low pH, revealing a hydrophobic binding site. Direct CD1b-antigen binding assays, pH-dependent binding experiments, structural/biochemical characterization Immunity High 9529150
1998 The nine-amino acid cytoplasmic tail of CD1b, specifically the single cytoplasmic tyrosine residue, is required for endosomal targeting of CD1b and for efficient presentation of lipid antigens; CD1b mutants lacking this motif are expressed on the cell surface but fail to efficiently present antigens acquired exogenously or from live intracellular organisms. Site-directed mutagenesis of cytoplasmic tail tyrosine, functional antigen presentation assays with T cell lines, subcellular localization studies Immunity High 9529151
1999 Nascent CD1b heavy chains interact with the ER chaperones calnexin and calreticulin prior to β2-microglobulin binding; prevention of these chaperone interactions leads to proteasome- and mannosidase-dependent degradation of CD1b; β2-microglobulin rescues chaperone-unassociated CD1b from degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation of CD1b with calnexin/calreticulin, glucosidase inhibitor (castanospermine) treatment, proteasome inhibitor experiments, β2-microglobulin rescue assays in β2m-deficient cells International immunology High 10508179
2000 Self-glycosphingolipids (e.g., GM1 ganglioside) bind to CD1b on the cell surface at neutral pH and are recognized without internalization or processing; binding is highly reversible and other ceramide-containing glycosphingolipids can displace GM1, acting as competitive blockers. This contrasts with the endosomal loading pathway used for exogenous mycobacterial lipids. Cell surface CD1b-lipid binding assays at neutral pH, soluble GM1-CD1b complex T cell stimulation, competitive displacement assays, inhibitor studies Immunity High 10981968
2000 TCR interactions with CD1b occur on the membrane-distal aspects over the α1 and α2 domain helices; TCRs bind in a diagonal orientation relative to the longitudinal axes of the α-helices, making contacts with both helices and bound antigen simultaneously, similar to but distinct from TCR-MHC interactions. Epitope-specific antibody panel mapping and site-specific CD1b mutants tested for T cell recognition Journal of Immunology Medium 11035089
2002 Newly synthesized CD1b is transported rapidly to the cell surface from the Golgi and then enters the endocytic system via AP-2-dependent internalization at the plasma membrane, followed by a second sorting event (possibly involving AP-3) that delivers it to MIICs; this trafficking pathway via the cell surface is important for efficient lipid antigen presentation. Pulse-chase experiments, AP-2 dominant-negative inhibition, inhibitor studies, functional antigen presentation assays The EMBO Journal High 11847129
2002 Lipid chain length determines whether CD1b-mediated antigen presentation occurs via endosomal or cell-surface pathways: long-chain (C80) GMM antigens require delivery of CD1b and antigen to late endosomes over several hours, while short-chain (C32) analogs are presented rapidly by cell-surface CD1b. Dendritic cells preferentially present long-chain glycolipids due to efficient endosomal delivery. Synthetic GMM analogs of defined chain lengths, endosomal inhibitors, comparison of professional vs. nonprofessional APCs, intracellular trafficking studies Nature Immunology High 11938350
2004 Saposin C (SAP-C) is required for CD1b-mediated lipid antigen presentation: SAP-C-deficient fibroblasts expressing CD1b fail to activate lipid-specific T cells, and this is rescued by reconstitution with SAP-C but not other SAPs. SAP-C directly interacts with CD1b (demonstrated by co-precipitation), colocalizes with lipid antigen in lysosomal compartments, and efficiently extracts lipid antigen from membranes. SAP-deficient fibroblast reconstitution, co-immunoprecipitation of SAP-C with CD1b, liposome lipid extraction assays, immunofluorescence colocalization Nature Immunology High 14716313
2008 pH-dependent ionic tethers in the CD1b heavy chain (residues D60, E62) connect the rigid α1 helix to flexible regions of the α2 helix and the 50-60 loop; disruption of these tethers by acidic pH or mutation increases lipid association and dissociation with CD1b and preferentially promotes presentation of antigens with bulky lipid tails, functioning as molecular switches that respond to pH during endosomal recycling. Molecular dynamics modeling, mutagenesis of D60/E62, lipid binding assays at varying pH, functional antigen presentation assays Immunity High 18538591
2011 CD1b uses endogenous scaffold lipids (specifically deoxyceramides and diacylglycerols identified by lipidomics) seated below the antigen in its large groove; these scaffolds lack hydrophilic head groups and function to augment presentation of small glycolipid antigens, enabling CD1b to present antigens with an unusually broad range of chain lengths. Comparative lipidomics of CD1 proteins, crystal structure analysis of CD1b with scaffold lipids, functional antigen presentation assays with scaffold lipids PNAS High 22087000
2011 A crystal structure of CD1b bound to mycobacterial diacylsulfoglycolipid (at 1.9 Å) reveals that antigen binding causes repositioning of endogenous spacer lipids (diradylglycerols) within the groove, F' pocket closure, and extensive rearrangement of residues exposed to TCRs, including reduction of A' pocket capacity and incomplete embedding of the methyl-ramified phthioceranoyl chain — explaining why hydrophobic tail modifications are critical for T cell recognition. 1.9 Å crystal structure of CD1b-diacylsulfoglycolipid complex, site-directed mutagenesis, functional T cell stimulation assays PNAS High 22006319
2012 CD1e functions as a lipid transfer protein that assists α-mannosidase-dependent processing of hexamannosylated phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIM6) for CD1b presentation; CD1e selectively assists digestion of PIM6 species according to acylation degree and transfers only diacylated PIM from membranes to CD1b. Lipid transfer assays from donor to acceptor liposomes, membrane-to-CD1b transfer assays, enzymatic digestion assays with defined PIM substrates Journal of Biological Chemistry High 22782895
2016 Crystal structure of a GEM TCR bound to CD1b presenting glucose-6-O-monomycolate (GMM) shows the GEM TCR docks centrally above CD1b with the conserved TCR α-chain extensively contacting both CD1b and the glucose moiety of GMM; both TCR α- and β-chains act as 'tweezers' to grip the glucose head group, creating highly specific mycobacterial glycolipid recognition. Crystal structure of GEM TCR-CD1b-GMM ternary complex, mutagenesis of TCR contact residues, functional T cell assays with tuberculosis patient cells Nature Communications High 27807341
2019 CD1b-autoreactive T cells recognize common self-phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine) via a 'lateral escape channel' in the TCR that shunts phospholipid head groups sideways along the CD1b-TCR interface without contacting the TCR; the TCR recognition site contacts the phosphate neck region common to all major self-phospholipids but absent in sphingolipids, explaining broad cross-reactivity. Crystal structure of TCR-CD1b-phosphatidylcholine complex, T cell activation assays with diverse phospholipids Nature Communications High 30610190
2020 Human γδ T cells with Vδ1-containing TCRs recognize CD1b by at least two distinct mechanisms: some require lipid antigen, others do not; CD1b specificity is mediated by the Vδ1 chain (demonstrated by chain swap experiments); one Vδ1+Vγ4+ TCR shows dual reactivity to CD1b and butyrophilin-like proteins. CD1b tetramers, TCR chain swap experiments, CD1b blocking assays, multiple donor analysis PNAS Medium 32868441
2022 Crystal structure (1.9 Å) of CD1b presenting self-phosphatidylinositol-C34:1 with an endogenous scaffold lipid, and (2.4 Å) of this complex bound to the autoreactive BC8B αβ TCR; TCR contacts both the phosphoinositol headgroup and glycerol neck via antigen remodeling within CD1b; alanine scanning mutagenesis identified Glu-80 of CD1b as critical for TCR binding; both CD1b α1 and α2 domains modulate the interaction. 1.9 Å and 2.4 Å crystal structures, alanine scanning mutagenesis, surface plasmon resonance Journal of Biological Chemistry High 36587766
2000 CD1b-restricted T cell recognition of GMM requires a precise stereospecific epitope: the exact glucose structure, stereochemistry of the mycolate lipid, and the linkage between carbohydrate and lipid are all required; mycobacteria generate antigenic GMM by coupling mycobacterial mycolates to host-derived glucose, creating an epitope formed by interaction of host and pathogen biosynthetic pathways. TCR α/β chain transfection reconstitution of GMM recognition, chemical characterization of GMM produced in infected tissue, mycobacterial mutant and in vivo infection studies Journal of Experimental Medicine High 11015438
2000 CD1b and CD1c traffic to different intracellular compartments: CD1b accumulates predominantly in lysosomal MHC class II compartments (MIICs), while CD1c accumulates in early/late endosomes. CD1b-mediated antigen presentation requires endosomal acidification and endosomal localization of CD1b, while CD1c-mediated presentation does not require these. Subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence in dendritic cells, endosomal acidification inhibitors, cytoplasmic tail deletion mutants, functional antigen presentation assays Journal of Experimental Medicine High 10899914
2000 GPI-anchored CD1b (CD1b.DAF) is less efficient than native CD1b in antigen presentation, demonstrating that the CD1b cytoplasmic tail-dependent endosomal trafficking pathway is required for optimal antigen loading, distinct from CD1c which maintains presentation capacity when GPI-reanchored. GPI-reanchored CD1b chimeric constructs, phospholipase C sensitivity assay confirming GPI modification, T cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release functional assays Journal of Immunology Medium 10903726
2011 CD1b-GMM fluorescent tetramers bind αβ TCRs directly (blocked by recombinant clonotypic TCR comprised of TRAV17 and TRBV4-1), proving a cognate mechanism of CD1b-glycolipid complex recognition by the TCR; nearly all CD1b tetramer-detected cells express CD4 co-receptor, contrary to prior emphasis on CD8+ and DN clones. Fluorescent CD1b tetramer staining, recombinant TCR blocking, polyclonal T cell sorting and functional activation, ex vivo analysis from TB-infected donors Journal of Experimental Medicine High 21807869
2015 CD1b-autoreactive T cells recognize CD1b-phospholipid complexes via αβ TCRs; phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the immunodominant self-lipid antigen; T cells do not discriminate mammalian from bacterial PG, suggesting recognition of infection- or stress-associated lipids. Identified using CD1b dextramers. CD1b polyvalent dextramer staining, mass spectrometry identification of lipid antigens, T cell activation assays scanning major phospholipid classes PNAS High 26621732

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 69 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 CD1b restricts the response of human CD4-8- T lymphocytes to a microbial antigen. Nature 514 1281285
1997 Structural requirements for glycolipid antigen recognition by CD1b-restricted T cells. Science (New York, N.Y.) 354 9323206
1997 The mannose receptor delivers lipoglycan antigens to endosomes for presentation to T cells by CD1b molecules. Immunity 260 9047240
1996 Cytoplasmic tail-dependent localization of CD1b antigen-presenting molecules to MIICs. Science (New York, N.Y.) 186 8662520
2013 A conserved human T cell population targets mycobacterial antigens presented by CD1b. Nature immunology 173 23727893
1998 Molecular interaction of CD1b with lipoglycan antigens. Immunity 149 9529150
1987 Structure and expression of the human thymocyte antigens CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 136 2447586
2004 Saposin C is required for lipid presentation by human CD1b. Nature immunology 135 14716313
2000 The alphabeta T cell response to self-glycolipids shows a novel mechanism of CD1b loading and a requirement for complex oligosaccharides. Immunity 130 10981968
2002 Lipid length controls antigen entry into endosomal and nonendosomal pathways for CD1b presentation. Nature immunology 125 11938350
1998 The tyrosine-containing cytoplasmic tail of CD1b is essential for its efficient presentation of bacterial lipid antigens. Immunity 124 9529151
2000 CD1b-mediated T cell recognition of a glycolipid antigen generated from mycobacterial lipid and host carbohydrate during infection. The Journal of experimental medicine 111 11015438
2011 CD1b tetramers bind αβ T cell receptors to identify a mycobacterial glycolipid-reactive T cell repertoire in humans. The Journal of experimental medicine 110 21807869
2002 Intracellular trafficking pathway of newly synthesized CD1b molecules. The EMBO journal 77 11847129
2000 Human CD1b and CD1c isoforms survey different intracellular compartments for the presentation of microbial lipid antigens. The Journal of experimental medicine 76 10899914
1991 Hyperstimulatory CD1a+CD1b+CD36+ Langerhans cells are responsible for increased autologous T lymphocyte reactivity to lesional epidermal cells of patients with atopic dermatitis. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 73 1719088
1988 CD1c but neither CD1a nor CD1b molecules are expressed on normal, activated, and malignant human B cells: identification of a new B-cell subset. Blood 66 3260523
2015 Human autoreactive T cells recognize CD1b and phospholipids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 64 26621732
2016 T cell receptor recognition of CD1b presenting a mycobacterial glycolipid. Nature communications 62 27807341
2014 TCR bias and affinity define two compartments of the CD1b-glycolipid-specific T Cell repertoire. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 61 24683194
2011 Discovery of deoxyceramides and diacylglycerols as CD1b scaffold lipids among diverse groove-blocking lipids of the human CD1 system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 61 22087000
2017 CD1b-autoreactive T cells contribute to hyperlipidemia-induced skin inflammation in mice. The Journal of clinical investigation 58 28463230
2020 Human γδ T cells recognize CD1b by two distinct mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 55 32868441
1996 CD1b is expressed in multiple sclerosis lesions. Journal of neuroimmunology 48 8765339
2011 Structural reorganization of the antigen-binding groove of human CD1b for presentation of mycobacterial sulfoglycolipids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 45 22006319
2017 CD1b-restricted GEM T cell responses are modulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolic acid meromycolate chains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 44 29158404
2016 Human periodontal ligament stem cells suppress T-cell proliferation via down-regulation of non-classical major histocompatibility complex-like glycoprotein CD1b on dendritic cells. Journal of periodontal research 43 27021598
2012 Isolation of a distinct Mycobacterium tuberculosis mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan isoform responsible for recognition by CD1b-restricted T cells. Glycobiology 42 22534567
2008 pH-dependent interdomain tethers of CD1b regulate its antigen capture. Immunity 42 18538591
2010 Mycobacterium tuberculosis impairs dendritic cell response by altering CD1b, DC-SIGN and MR profile. Immunology and cell biology 39 20212510
2013 CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c in immunity against mycobacteria. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 37 23468110
2000 Molecular recognition of human CD1b antigen complexes: evidence for a common pattern of interaction with alpha beta TCRs. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 37 11035089
1999 Analysis of the early biogenesis of CD1b: involvement of the chaperones calnexin and calreticulin, the proteasome and beta(2)-microglobulin. International immunology 35 10508179
2017 CD1b-mycolic acid tetramers demonstrate T-cell fine specificity for mycobacterial lipid tails. European journal of immunology 32 28665555
2019 A T-cell receptor escape channel allows broad T-cell response to CD1b and membrane phospholipids. Nature communications 31 30610190
2012 Deciphering the role of CD1e protein in mycobacterial phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIM) processing for presentation by CD1b to T lymphocytes. The Journal of biological chemistry 30 22782895
2011 Autoreactive CD1b-restricted T cells: a new innate-like T-cell population that contributes to immunity against infection. Blood 30 21860021
2009 Human gammadelta T cell recognition of lipid A is predominately presented by CD1b or CD1c on dendritic cells. Biology direct 30 19948070
2011 Structural differences in lipomannans from pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria that impact CD1b-restricted T cell responses. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 21859718
1999 Uptake and processing of glycosylated mycolates for presentation to CD1b-restricted T cells. Immunology letters 29 10065632
1995 Distinctive dendritic cell subsets expressing factor XIIIa, CD1a, CD1b and CD1c in mycosis fungoides and psoriasis. Journal of cutaneous pathology 29 7593815
2016 CD1b-autoreactive T cells recognize phospholipid antigens and contribute to antitumor immunity against a CD1b+ T cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 24 27757307
1998 Rifampin increases cytokine-induced expression of the CD1b molecule in human peripheral blood monocytes. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 24 9517931
2020 CD1b Tetramers Broadly Detect T Cells That Correlate With Mycobacterial Exposure but Not Tuberculosis Disease State. Frontiers in immunology 23 32117314
2018 CD1b Tetramers Identify T Cells that Recognize Natural and Synthetic Diacylated Sulfoglycolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell chemical biology 23 29398561
2021 The role of oxidised self-lipids and alveolar macrophage CD1b expression in COPD. Scientific reports 22 33602992
1995 Human CD4-CD8- alpha beta + T-cell receptor T cells recognize different mycobacteria strains in the context of CD1b. Immunology 22 7543448
1996 The sheep CD1 gene family contains at least four CD1B homologues. Immunogenetics 20 8662069
2018 The intricacies of self-lipid antigen presentation by CD1b. Molecular immunology 17 30399491
2022 CD4 and CD8 co-receptors modulate functional avidity of CD1b-restricted T cells. Nature communications 15 35013257
2018 Validation of a CD1b tetramer assay for studies of human mycobacterial infection or vaccination. Journal of immunological methods 14 29684428
2019 Lipid Antigen Presentation by CD1b and CD1d in Lysosomal Storage Disease Patients. Frontiers in immunology 13 31214199
2020 The miR-582/CD1B Axis Is Involved in Regulation of Dendritic Cells and Is Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma. BioMed research international 11 32258122
2019 CD1b presents self and Borrelia burgdorferi diacylglycerols to human T cells. European journal of immunology 11 30854633
2000 Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol reanchoring unmasks distinct antigen-presenting pathways for CD1b and CD1c. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 10 10903726
1997 Cytokine-induced expression of CD1b molecules by peripheral blood monocytes: influence of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. Pharmacological research 10 9175583
2004 Identifying and structurally characterizing CD1b in Aotus nancymaae owl monkeys. Immunogenetics 9 15365647
1998 Effect of rifampin on CD1b expression and double-negative T cell responses against mycobacteria-derived glycolipid antigen. Life sciences 9 9749821
2003 CD1a and CD1b surface expression is independent from de novo synthesized glycosphingolipids. European journal of immunology 8 12594829
2001 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin down-regulates CD1b induction by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in human peripheral blood monocytes. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) 8 11233801
2013 Plasticity of migrating CD1b+ and CD1b- lymph dendritic cells in the promotion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 in response to Salmonella and helminth secretions. PloS one 6 24223964
2012 Capacities of migrating CD1b+ lymph dendritic cells to present Salmonella antigens to naive T cells. PloS one 5 22279590
2020 A Direct Role for the CD1b Endogenous Spacer in the Recognition of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen by T-Cell Receptors. Frontiers in immunology 4 33162982
2013 Phage display of functional αβ single-chain T-cell receptor molecules specific for CD1b:Ac₂SGL complexes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cells. BMC immunology 3 23458512
2022 αβ T-cell receptor recognition of self-phosphatidylinositol presented by CD1b. The Journal of biological chemistry 2 36587766
2024 Establishment of CD1b-restricted immunity to lipid antigens in the pulmonary response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infection and immunity 1 39494875
2023 Establishment of CD1b-restricted immunity to lipid antigens in the pulmonary response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1 37292852
2023 CD1b glycoprotein, a crucial marker of thymocyte development during T cell maturation in cynomolgus monkeys. Scientific reports 1 37658106
2026 Whole transcriptome sequencing identifies key characteristics and potential therapeutic efficacy biomarkers CD1B, CD247, and CCNB1 in cured tuberculosis patients. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 0 41871736

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