Affinage

CD109

CD109 antigen · UniProt Q6YHK3

Length
1445 aa
Mass
161.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 41 papers cited in narrative 41 extracted findings
Cross-family judge faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CD109 is a GPI-anchored, thioester-containing glycoprotein of the alpha2-macroglobulin/complement family that operates as a cell-surface co-receptor and dominant negative regulator of TGF-β signaling while doubling as a thioester-dependent protease inhibitor (PMID:11861284, PMID:16754747, PMID:38587194). It is synthesized as a precursor that furin cleaves in the Golgi into associating 180/25 kDa fragments, and this processing is required for CD109 to bind TβRI and to inhibit TGF-β responses (PMID:20101215). Membrane-bound CD109 suppresses TGF-β signaling by multiple convergent routes: it recruits SMAD7/Smurf2 to drive ligand-dependent ubiquitin-mediated TGFBR1 degradation (PMID:21898545), associates with caveolin-1 to route TGF-β receptors into caveolae for internalization and degradation (PMID:21295082), and acts together with cell-surface GRP78 to redirect receptor trafficking and block Smad2 activation under ER stress (PMID:29654145). A soluble, shed form binds TGF-β directly with high affinity and competes with receptor binding, thereby sequestering ligand (PMID:26621871). Across genetic models this TGF-β-restraining activity controls keratinocyte differentiation, wound healing, and fibrosis, with CD109 loss producing epidermal hyperplasia via elevated STAT3 rather than Smad2 signaling and CD109 overexpression conferring resistance to skin and pulmonary fibrosis (PMID:22846721, PMID:23436317, PMID:38334455). Independent of TGF-β inhibition, CD109 forms surface complexes with EGFR, GP130, and IL-6Rα to stabilize these receptors and amplify EGFR/AKT and IL-6/JAK-STAT3 signaling, driving tumor growth, metastasis, stemness, and chemoresistance in lung, glioblastoma, and squamous-cell cancers (PMID:28191885, PMID:32133706, PMID:33986188, PMID:35954339, PMID:40317079). Structurally, protease cleavage of a bait region triggers a conformational change that activates the internal thioester, enabling covalent conjugation and inhibition of the attacking protease and dissociation of the GPI-anchored MG8 domain to release CD109 from the membrane — a mechanism resolved across native and activated cryo-EM conformations (PMID:38587194, PMID:40482031).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1998 Medium

    Before molecular cloning, CD109 was characterized as a GPI-anchored platelet glycoprotein, establishing its membrane attachment mode and antigenic properties.

    Evidence Immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting and PI-PLC release of a 175 kDa GPI-anchored protein carrying ABH blood group determinants

    PMID:9708575

    Open questions at the time
    • No protein sequence or function defined
    • Did not establish thioester or signaling roles
  2. 2002 High

    Cloning placed CD109 in the alpha2-macroglobulin/complement thioester-containing protein family and demonstrated a reactive internal thioester, defining its biochemical class; in parallel, a single SNP was shown to determine the Gov/HPA-15 platelet alloantigens.

    Evidence cDNA cloning with biochemical thioester demonstration in native CD109; allele-specific genotyping plus CHO transfection and serology

    PMID:11861284 PMID:11861285

    Open questions at the time
    • Cellular function of the thioester not yet defined
    • No receptor or signaling partners identified
  3. 2006 High

    Identification of CD109 as the keratinocyte TGF-β-binding protein r150 established it as a negative modulator of TGF-β signaling acting on receptor activity rather than only by ligand sequestration.

    Evidence Affinity purification/microsequencing plus reciprocal siRNA loss- and overexpression gain-of-function with TGF-β signaling readouts

    PMID:16754747

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of receptor modulation unresolved
    • Processing requirements unknown
  4. 2010 High

    Furin processing into 180/25 kDa fragments was shown to be obligatory for CD109 to bind TβRI and inhibit TGF-β signaling, linking maturation to function.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of the furin site (R1273S), Co-IP with TβRI, and signaling assays

    PMID:20101215

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve downstream degradation route
    • Stoichiometry of receptor binding unknown
  5. 2011 High

    CD109 was shown to inhibit TGF-β signaling by recruiting receptors into caveolae for degradation, and a soluble shed form was implicated in disease via enhanced release.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP with caveolin-1, localization and receptor degradation assays; shedding and recombinant-protein experiments in keratinocytes with psoriatic skin histology

    PMID:21295082 PMID:21539622

    Open questions at the time
    • Trigger for caveolar routing not defined
    • Mechanism of STAT3 elevation by soluble CD109 unclear
  6. 2012 High

    The receptor-degradation mechanism was refined to a SMAD7/Smurf2-dependent ubiquitin pathway, and a knockout demonstrated CD109 controls keratinocyte differentiation in vivo via STAT3 rather than Smad2.

    Evidence Co-IP, SMAD7 siRNA and Smurf2 ligase-activity requirement assays; CD109 knockout mouse histology with pSTAT3/pSmad2 immunohistochemistry

    PMID:21898545 PMID:22846721

    Open questions at the time
    • How CD109 loss elevates STAT3 mechanistically not defined
    • Connection between TGF-β inhibition and STAT3 readout unresolved
  7. 2013 High

    Epidermal CD109 overexpression dampened TGF-β/Smad signaling, inflammation, and fibrosis in vivo, establishing CD109 as an anti-fibrotic regulator.

    Evidence CD109 transgenic mice in wound-healing and bleomycin scleroderma models with pSmad2/3 and ECM readouts; knockdown in RANKL-driven osteoclastogenesis

    PMID:23436317 PMID:23438099 PMID:23593435

    Open questions at the time
    • Cell-type-specific contributions not dissected
    • Osteoclast mechanism only correlative
  8. 2015 High

    Quantitative binding studies established that soluble CD109 directly sequesters TGF-β, and surface CD109 was first linked to EGFR, broadening its receptor repertoire.

    Evidence SPR binding kinetics and radioligand competition with signaling readouts; Co-IP of CD109 with EGFR and exosome incorporation via truncation mutants

    PMID:25724945 PMID:26621871 PMID:26707640

    Open questions at the time
    • EGFR effects were cell-line-specific
    • Exosomal cargo function unknown
  9. 2017 High

    CD109 was established as a driver of cancer metastasis through JAK-STAT3 activation, defining an oncogenic role distinct from its TGF-β suppression.

    Evidence In vivo tumor barcoding screen in mouse lung adenocarcinoma plus JAK inhibitor validation; differential ALK1/ALK5 regulation in transgenic epidermis

    PMID:27866969 PMID:28191885

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating STAT3 activation not yet defined
    • Reconciliation of pro- and anti-tumor roles unresolved
  10. 2018 High

    An ER-stress-responsive mechanism was added wherein surface GRP78 partners with CD109 to reroute TGF-β receptors to caveolae, and a knockout revealed CD109 maintains bone homeostasis.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP of GRP78 with CD109 plus IRE1α/SRC/ASAP1 dissection; CD109 knockout micro-CT and bone histomorphometry

    PMID:29654145 PMID:29767469

    Open questions at the time
    • Generality of GRP78 mechanism beyond ER stress unclear
    • Cellular target driving bone turnover not identified
  11. 2019 High

    Genetic and antibody studies expanded CD109 into inflammatory and EMT contexts, showing it restrains gamma-delta-17 cells, NF-κB-driven synovial inflammation, and maintains epithelial identity.

    Evidence CD109 knockout mice in psoriasis/CIA models with IL-23 blockade and microbiota depletion; siRNA/antibody in RA FLSs; CRISPR knockout with recombinant rescue and SCC tumor IHC

    PMID:31455659 PMID:31597099 PMID:31695056

    Open questions at the time
    • Receptor mediating NF-κB regulation undefined
    • Cell-extrinsic vs intrinsic contributions across tissues not fully separated
  12. 2020 High

    Multiple studies converged on CD109 stabilizing receptor signaling (EGFR/AKT/mTOR, YAP, EGFR/STAT3) and engaging LTBP1 to activate stromal TGF-β, defining context-dependent oncogenic outputs.

    Evidence Co-IP with EGFR plus drug-sensitivity assays; mass-spec identification and Co-IP of LTBP1 with TGF-β activation assays in CD109-deficient lung adenocarcinoma model; YAP pathway and EGFR-STAT3 analyses with xenografts

    PMID:32133706 PMID:32507856 PMID:33007133 PMID:33375719

    Open questions at the time
    • How a TGF-β inhibitor activates stromal TGF-β via LTBP1 mechanistically unclear
    • Direct vs indirect receptor stabilization not distinguished
  13. 2021 High

    CD109 was shown to partner with GP130 to sustain IL-6/STAT3 stemness in glioblastoma and to suppress TGF-β-driven erythroid commitment in hematopoietic progenitors, linking its co-receptor activity to cell fate.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP of CD109 with GP130, genetic depletion with STAT3/xenograft readouts; CD109 KO/KD in TF-1 and primary HSPCs with PNH patient analysis; meprin β cleavage and EV studies

    PMID:33738281 PMID:33986188 PMID:34743190

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants selecting GP130 vs TGF-β receptor engagement unknown
    • Physiological proteases releasing CD109 in vivo not defined
  14. 2023 Medium

    CD109 was extended to BMP signaling, dendritic-cell-driven allergic inflammation, and integrin-coupled vascular TGF-β control, demonstrating regulation of multiple TGF-β-superfamily receptor systems.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with pSMAD1/5/9 readouts and osteosarcoma IHC; CD109 KO mice with adoptive DC transfer and anti-CD109 antibody; αv integrin conditional KO with CD109 gain-of-function phenocopy and endosomal co-localization

    PMID:36215676 PMID:36909248 PMID:37030166

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether BMP inhibition uses the same machinery as TGF-β inhibition unclear
    • Mechanistic link between CD109 and RUNX3 in cDC2s undefined
  15. 2024 High

    Reconstituted biochemistry established CD109's long-predicted thioester function: protease cleavage of the bait region activates the thioester to conjugate and inhibit proteases and to release the protein from the membrane, and recombinant CD109 was confirmed anti-fibrotic in lung.

    Evidence In vitro protease cleavage, thioester activation, conjugation and inhibition assays with membrane-release experiments; CD109 transgenic/KO bleomycin lung models plus recombinant protein administration

    PMID:38334455 PMID:38587194 PMID:38885217

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological protease targets of the thioester in vivo unknown
    • Relationship between protease-inhibitor and receptor-regulator activities unresolved
  16. 2025 Medium

    Cryo-EM resolved the conformational basis of protease inhibition, and new partners (IL-6Rα, the sCD109/FcγRI/TRIM21/CD73 macrophage axis) extended CD109's reach into antioxidant signaling and tumor immune evasion.

    Evidence Cryo-EM of native and activated CD109 conformations with deglycosylation/conjugation assays; Co-IP of CD109 with IL6Rα and of sCD109 with TRIM21/CD73 with NF-κB and T-cell functional assays

    PMID:40220905 PMID:40317079 PMID:40482031

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of receptor engagement (vs protease inhibition) not resolved
    • In vivo relevance of CD73/TAM axis to therapy untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unclear how CD109's single thioester/conformational machinery is mechanistically partitioned between protease inhibition, TGF-β receptor degradation, and the stabilization of growth-factor receptors that yields its opposite pro-tumorigenic outputs.
  • No structure of CD109 bound to a TGF-β or growth-factor receptor
  • Determinants of context-dependent signaling switching unknown
  • Direct vs indirect nature of EGFR/GP130/IL6Rα stabilization undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 5 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 2 GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 5 GO:0005576 extracellular region 4 GO:0005768 endosome 2 GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle 2 GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 6 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 2
Partners
CAV1EGFRIL6RIL6STLTBP1SMAD7SMURF2TGFBR1
Complex memberships
CD109–EGFR receptor complexTGF-β receptor system

Evidence

Reading pass · 41 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 CD109 is a GPI-anchored glycoprotein and a novel member of the alpha2-macroglobulin/C3, C4, C5 family of thioester-containing proteins; native CD109 contains an intact thioester bond capable of covalent binding to adjacent molecules upon proteolytic activation, with complement-like reactivity (short t½, spatially restricted action). cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, biochemical demonstration of intact thioester in native CD109 Blood High 11861284
2002 The Gov (HPA-15) platelet alloantigens are defined by a single A-to-C SNP at position 2108 of the CD109 coding region, resulting in a Tyr703Ser substitution; CHO cells transfected with the respective cDNA variants are specifically recognized by allele-specific antisera, confirming this polymorphism as the alloantigen determinant. RT-PCR, allele-specific PCR-SSP, PCR-RFLP, real-time PCR genotyping, CHO cell transfection with variant cDNA + serological testing Blood High 11861285
2006 CD109 (identified as the 150 kDa GPI-anchored TGF-β1-binding protein r150 in keratinocytes) is a component of the TGF-β receptor system and a negative modulator of TGF-β responses; loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies show CD109 inhibits TGF-β signaling independently of ligand sequestration, likely by direct modulation of receptor activity; CD109 contains an internal thioester bond. Affinity purification and microsequencing of r150, biochemical thioester demonstration, siRNA knockdown (loss-of-function) and CD109 overexpression (gain-of-function) with TGF-β signaling readouts FASEB journal High 16754747
2010 CD109 is processed in the Golgi by furin (furinase) from a 205 kDa precursor into 180 kDa and 25 kDa fragments; the 180 kDa form associates with GPI-anchored 25 kDa CD109 on the cell surface and is secreted. Furin cleavage (at RRRR motif, Arg1273) is required for CD109 to associate with TβRI and to inhibit TGF-β signaling; the furin-cleavage-deficient mutant (R1273S) neither impairs TGF-β signaling nor associates with TβRI. Western blotting of CD109 processing products, site-directed mutagenesis of furin cleavage site (R1273S), co-immunoprecipitation of CD109 with TβRI, TGF-β signaling assays Oncogene High 20101215
2011 CD109 associates with caveolin-1 and promotes internalization and degradation of TGF-β receptors via the caveolae pathway; CD109 increases TGF-β binding to its receptors, enhances their internalization via caveolae, localizes TGF-β receptors to the caveolar compartment in a ligand-dependent manner, and facilitates receptor degradation, thereby inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation of CD109 with caveolin-1, immunofluorescence localization, receptor degradation assays, TGF-β binding assays, caveolae pathway inhibitors Biochimica et biophysica acta High 21295082
2012 CD109 enhances SMAD7/Smurf2-mediated degradation of TGFBR1 in a ligand-dependent manner; CD109 regulates the subcellular localization and association of SMAD7/Smurf2 with TGFBR1; CD109's inhibitory effect on TGF-β signaling requires SMAD7 expression and Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase activity. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence localization, SMAD7 siRNA knockdown, Smurf2 ubiquitin ligase activity assays, TGF-β receptor degradation assays Journal of cellular biochemistry High 21898545
2011 CD109 released from the keratinocyte cell surface (soluble CD109) downregulates TGF-β signaling and TGF-β receptor expression, and increases STAT3 phosphorylation, total STAT3, Bcl-2 expression, and cell growth/survival; decreased CD109 protein in psoriatic epidermis (with unchanged mRNA) suggests enhanced CD109 release as a disease mechanism. CD109 shedding experiments, addition of recombinant CD109 protein to keratinocytes, western blotting, immunohistochemistry of psoriatic vs. normal skin Experimental dermatology Medium 21539622
2009 Mesotrypsin (PRSS3) proteolytically sheds CD109 from the cell surface of breast cancer cells; CD109 is identified as the functional proteolytic target of mesotrypsin using proteomic methods; mesotrypsin knockdown attenuates and recombinant mesotrypsin enhances the malignant growth phenotype. Proteomic identification of CD109 as mesotrypsin substrate, PRSS3 knockdown, recombinant mesotrypsin treatment, 3D organotypic culture morphological assays Breast cancer research and treatment Medium 20035377
2012 CD109-deficient mice develop epidermal hyperplasia, kinked hair shafts, ectatic hair follicles, sebum accumulation, and persistent thickening of basal/suprabasal epidermal layers; this is accompanied by elevated STAT3 phosphorylation (not elevated Smad2 phosphorylation) in the epidermis, indicating CD109 regulates keratinocyte differentiation via a STAT3-dependent pathway in vivo. CD109 knockout mouse generation, histological analysis, immunohistochemistry for pSmad2 and pSTAT3 The American journal of pathology High 22846721
2013 Transgenic mice overexpressing CD109 in the epidermis display reduced macrophage and neutrophil recruitment, reduced granulation tissue, decreased Smad2/3 phosphorylation, decreased proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, MCP-1), and decreased ECM components in excisional wounds, with improved dermal collagen architecture in incisional wounds; wound closure rates are unaffected. CD109 transgenic mouse wound healing model, immunohistochemistry, western blotting for pSmad2/3, cytokine expression, collagen organization Wound repair and regeneration High 23438099
2013 CD109 transgenic mice overexpressing CD109 in the epidermis show resistance to bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis, with significant decreases in dermal thickness, collagen crosslinking, collagen and fibronectin content, and phospho-Smad2/3 levels compared to wild-type mice. Bleomycin-induced scleroderma mouse model, CD109 transgenic mice, histological staining, western blotting and immunohistochemistry for pSmad2/3 Arthritis and rheumatism High 23436317
2013 CD109 plays a role in osteoclastogenesis; CD109 mRNA and protein are significantly upregulated during RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, primary murine monocytes, and pre-osteoclast lines; stable CD109 knockdown reduces the formation of large multinucleated osteoclasts. Microarray, RT-qPCR, western blot during osteoclastogenesis, stable shRNA knockdown cell lines, osteoclast fusion assays PloS one Medium 23593435
2015 Soluble CD109 (sCD109) directly binds TGF-β with high affinity (slow dissociation by surface plasmon resonance); sCD109 inhibits TGF-β binding to its receptors (radioligand competition assay), antagonizes Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and decreases TGF-β-induced transcription and cell migration. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding kinetics, radioligand binding and affinity labelling competition assays, Smad2/3 phosphorylation assays, transcriptional reporter assays, cell migration assays The Biochemical journal High 26621871
2015 Cell surface CD109 interacts with EGFR in glioblastoma SK-MG-1 cells overexpressing CD109; CD109 overexpression attenuates TGF-β1 signaling and enhances EGF signaling and cell migration/invasion in SK-MG-1 but not in U251MG or MG178 cells; the secreted N-terminal CD109 fragment (hyperglycosylated in SK-MG-1) inhibits TGF-β1 signaling via paracrine effect but does not affect EGF signaling. Co-immunoprecipitation of CD109 with EGFR, conditioned medium experiments, TGF-β and EGF signaling assays, migration/invasion assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 25724945
2016 CD109 overexpression in mouse epidermis differentially regulates TGF-β receptor signaling: it enhances ALK1-Smad1/5 signaling while decreasing ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling; ALK1 co-localizes with CD109 in keratinocytes; CD109-overexpressing epidermal cells reduce ECM production in adjacent skin fibroblasts via a paracrine mechanism. CD109 transgenic mice, immunofluorescence co-localization of ALK1 and CD109, western blotting for pSmad1/5 and pSmad2/3, conditioned medium from isolated keratinocytes/epidermal explants applied to fibroblasts The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 27866969
2017 CD109 drives lung cancer metastasis through activation of JAK-STAT3 signaling; CD109 promotes a metastatic transcriptional state in lung adenocarcinoma cells, and pharmacological targeting of the JAK-STAT3 pathway blocks CD109-driven metastasis. Tumor barcoding in mouse lung adenocarcinoma model, in vivo small-scale screening, genomic approaches, JAK inhibitor treatment Nature medicine High 28191885
2018 Upon ER stress, GRP78 translocates to the cell surface where it binds CD109 and acts in concert with CD109 to block TGF-β signaling by routing TGF-β receptor to the caveolae, thereby disrupting Smad2 activation; the upstream mechanism involves IRE1α-triggered SRC activation, ASAP1 phosphorylation, and suppression of retrograde transport. Co-immunoprecipitation of GRP78 with CD109, immunofluorescence localization, Smad2 activation assays, ER stress induction, SRC inhibition, dominant-negative and knockdown experiments Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 29654145
2018 CD109 deficiency in mice induces a high-turnover osteoporosis-like phenotype in vivo, with reduced bone volume, increased bone turnover markers (NTX collagen, alkaline phosphatase), demonstrating a role for CD109 in bone metabolism. CD109 knockout mice, micro-computed tomography, bone histomorphometry, serum bone turnover marker measurements Genes to cells Medium 29767469
2019 CD109 regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes; CD109 silencing or neutralizing antibody reduces proinflammatory factor production, cell migration, invasion, chemoattraction, and osteoclast differentiation in RA FLSs; CD109-deficient mice are protected against collagen-induced arthritis. CD109 siRNA knockdown, neutralizing anti-CD109 antibody in RA FLS in vitro, CD109 knockout mice in CIA model, cytokine assays, migration/invasion assays Annals of the rheumatic diseases High 31455659
2019 CD109 genetic deletion in mice leads to spontaneous epidermal hyperplasia, aberrant accumulation of dermal γδ17 T cells, and enhanced susceptibility to psoriasiform inflammation; CD109 restrains γδ17 cell activation in a cell-extrinsic manner by maintaining skin barrier integrity; γδ17 activation requires IL-23 signals and is reversed by microbiota depletion. CD109 knockout mice, flow cytometry, IL-23 blockade, antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion, skin inflammation models Cell reports High 31597099
2019 CD109 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in SCC cells represses epithelial traits and promotes EMT (elevated mesenchymal markers); recombinant CD109 protein rescues epithelial traits in KO cells; CD109 loss dysregulates 15 signaling pathways including TGF-β; CD109 levels inversely correlate with TGF-β activation in human oral SCC tumors. CRISPR/Cas9 CD109 knockout, recombinant CD109 protein rescue, microarray gene expression, KEGG pathway analysis, immunohistochemistry of 52 human oral SCC tumors Scientific reports Medium 31695056
2020 CD109 associates with EGFR and regulates AKT/mTOR signaling; CD109 inhibition decreases EGFR phosphorylation and diminishes EGF-elicited AKT/mTOR activation, sensitizing lung adenocarcinoma cells to EGFR inhibitors. Co-immunoprecipitation of CD109 with EGFR, CD109 knockdown, EGFR phosphorylation assays, AKT/mTOR signaling assays, EGFR inhibitor sensitivity assays Cancer science Medium 32133706
2020 CD109 promotes stromal invasion of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo; CD109-deficient lung adenocarcinoma mouse model shows significantly reduced stromal invasive lesions; CD109 interacts with LTBP1 (identified by mass spectrometry and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation), and increased CD109 expression enhances stromal TGF-β activation in the presence of LTBP1. CD109-deficient genetically engineered lung adenocarcinoma mouse model, mass spectrometry identification of CD109-interacting proteins, co-immunoprecipitation of CD109 with LTBP1, TGF-β activation assays Cancer science High 33007133
2020 CD109 promotes EMT and stemness in lung adenocarcinoma via activation of YAP (Hippo pathway); CD109 elevation correlates with YAP signature; YAP activation participates in CD109-elicited EMT gene expression and tumor invasiveness. CD109 overexpression and knockdown in lung adenocarcinoma cells, YAP pathway activity assays, EMT marker analysis, invasion assays Cells Medium 33375719
2020 CD109 mediates cervical squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenicity and aggressiveness via EGFR-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation; CD109 knockdown (siRNA) or CRISPR/Cas9 knockout reverses in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic and aggressive properties. siRNA knockdown, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, EGFR and STAT3 phosphorylation assays, xenograft models, sphere-forming and colony assays British journal of cancer Medium 32507856
2021 CD109 physically interacts with glycoprotein 130 (GP130) to promote IL-6/STAT3 pathway activation in glioblastoma stem cells; genetic depletion of CD109 abolishes stemness/self-renewal and impairs tumorigenicity, causing phenotypic shift to astrocytic-like differentiation; CD109/STAT3 axis mediates chemoresistance. Co-immunoprecipitation of CD109 with GP130, genetic CD109 depletion, STAT3 activation assays, sphere formation, xenograft tumorigenicity, pharmacological STAT3 inhibition JCI insight High 33986188
2021 CD109 (GPI-anchored protein on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells) suppresses TGF-β signaling in HSPCs; CD109 knockout/knockdown in TF-1 cells and primary cord blood MEPs leads to erythroid differentiation upon TGF-β stimulation; in PNH patients, CD109-negative (GPI-deficient) MEPs show greater CD36 expression (erythroid commitment marker) than CD109-positive MEPs. CD109 knockout and knockdown in TF-1 cells and primary HSPCs, erythroid differentiation assays, flow cytometry of PNH patient peripheral blood MEPs Leukemia Medium 34743190
2021 Meprin β cleaves CD109 at the cell surface within its bait region, releasing soluble CD109 fragments; proteolytic cleavage by meprin β reduces the amount of full-length CD109 sorted to extracellular vesicles; the C-terminal region of CD109 is required for its association with exosomes. Meprin β cleavage assay in vitro and in cells, western blotting of CD109 fragments, homology modeling of CD109 structure, single-particle analysis, extracellular vesicle isolation and quantification Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 33738281
2015 CD109 is a component of exosomes secreted from cultured cells; the C-terminal region of CD109 is required for its incorporation into exosomes (truncated CD109 lacking the C-terminal region is not associated with exosomes). FLAG-tagged CD109 immunoprecipitation from conditioned medium, mass spectrometry identification of co-precipitated exosomal proteins, immuno-electron microscopy, truncation mutant analysis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 26707640
2022 CD109 forms a heteromeric complex with EGFR at the cell surface, stabilizing EGFR protein levels and promoting EGFR/AKT signaling in vulvar and hypopharyngeal SCC cells; CD109 is required for in vivo tumorigenicity and for maintaining epithelial morphology and stemness; cell-surface localization of CD109 is required for its pro-tumorigenic effects. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence co-localization of CD109-EGFR, CD109 knockdown/knockout, mRNA and protein level analysis of EGFR, AKT phosphorylation, xenograft tumor models, spheroid formation Cancers Medium 35954339
2024 Proteolytic cleavage of CD109 bait region by diverse proteases induces a conformational change that activates the CD109 thioester; activated CD109 conjugates proteases via its thioester and decreases their activity toward protein substrates, demonstrating CD109 is a protease inhibitor; the GPI-anchored MG8 domain dissociates during conformational change, enabling CD109 release from the cell surface by proteases rather than unspecific shedding. In vitro protease cleavage assays with diverse proteases, thioester activation assays, protease conjugation assays, activity inhibition assays, protease-induced membrane release experiments The FEBS journal High 38587194
2025 Three cryo-EM structures of CD109 in native, protease-activated, and methylamine-activated conformations reveal the structural mechanism of protease inhibition: protease cleavage of the bait region triggers a conformational change similar to A2ML1 (suggesting shared mechanism); CD109 glycans contribute to protease inhibition; deglycosylation enhances substrate access but does not affect chymotrypsin conjugation. Cryo-electron microscopy structure determination of three CD109 conformations, deglycosylation experiments, chymotrypsin conjugation assays Cell reports High 40482031
2025 Tumor-derived soluble CD109 (sCD109) upregulates CD73 mRNA transcription in macrophages by activating the FcγRI/SYK/NF-κB signaling pathway; sCD109 is internalized into macrophage cytoplasm and inhibits CD73 protein degradation by binding E3 ligase TRIM21, competing with CD73 for its binding site; this promotes enrichment of CD73+ tumor-associated macrophages that inhibit T-cell responses. Proteomic analysis, single-cell transcriptomics, mass spectrometry, NF-κB pathway activation assays, Co-IP of sCD109 with TRIM21 and CD73, CD73 protein stability assays, T-cell functional assays Journal of hepatology Medium 40220905
2023 CD109 expression is required on conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) for airway hyperreactivity and eosinophilic inflammation; CD109 is induced in lung cDC2s upon allergic challenge; CD109-deficient cDC2s have elevated RUNX3 expression and impaired ability to drive Th2 cytokine production and Th2 differentiation; adoptive transfer of CD109-deficient DCs fails to reconstitute AHR and eosinophilic inflammation. CD109 knockout mice, allergen sensitization models (HDM, OVA), ex vivo DC-T cell co-cultures, adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived DCs, anti-CD109 monoclonal antibody treatment American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology High 36215676
2023 CD109 inhibits BMP signaling in osteosarcoma: CD109 knockdown enhances SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation under BMP-2 stimulation and attenuates osteosarcoma cell migration; CD109 expression inversely correlates with pSMAD1/5/9 in human osteosarcoma tissue; no association found between CD109 and TGF-β signaling in osteosarcoma cells. CD109 siRNA knockdown, BMP-2 stimulation with pSMAD1/5/9 western blotting, in vitro wound healing assay, immunohistochemistry of human osteosarcoma tissue Pathology, research and practice Medium 37030166
2024 Under mechanical force, CD109 expression on PDLSCs is upregulated (via miR-340-5p repression); CD109 suppresses osteogenesis of PDLSCs through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and promotes osteoclast formation and M1 macrophage polarization through paracrine mechanisms; CD109 knockdown in vivo increases osteogenic activity and decreases osteoclast numbers and tooth movement. Mechanical force stimulation in vitro and rat tooth movement model in vivo, JAK/STAT3 pathway analysis, lentiviral shRNA injection, miR-340-5p functional studies, co-culture paracrine assays Stem cells translational medicine Medium 38885217
2025 CD109 interacts with and stabilizes IL-6 receptor alpha (IL6Rα) expression; CD109 promotes IL-6/STAT3/NRF2/SOD1/HO1 pathway activation in oral and vulvar SCC cells; CD109 loss attenuates this pathway, reducing cancer stemness and antioxidant protein expression. Co-immunoprecipitation of CD109 with IL6Rα, immunofluorescence and FACS co-localization, IL6Rα protein stability assays, STAT3/NRF2 pathway assays, CD109 knockdown/knockout, spheroid formation, multi-omic clinical validation Experimental hematology & oncology Medium 40317079
1998 CD109 (a GPI-anchored protein on platelets) carries ABH blood group antigens; anti-A monoclonal antibodies react with CD109 on immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting; phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C treatment releases a 175 kDa GPI-anchored protein (CD109) expressing blood group determinants. Immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies against glycoproteins and blood group antigens, PI-PLC cleavage and Western blot The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine Medium 9708575
2016 Reduced CD109 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-associated endothelial cells promotes tumor progression through paracrine IL-8; CD109 knockdown in HUVEC activates TGF-β/Akt/NF-κB pathway, upregulating IL-8 secretion, which in turn promotes hepatoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; co-implantation with CD109 knockdown HUVEC accelerates tumor growth and metastasis in mice. CD109 knockdown in HUVEC, cytokine antibody array screening, IL-8 validation, TGF-β/Akt/NF-κB pathway analysis, co-culture assays, xenograft co-implantation Oncotarget Medium 27121053
2023 αv integrins in vascular smooth muscle cells act in concert with CD109 to regulate TGF-β signaling; αv SMKO mice show prolonged CD109 expression; CD109 overexpression in cultured VSMCs phenocopies αv integrin knockdown (attenuating collagen expression, TGF-β activation, and Smad2/3 signaling); CD109 and TGF-β receptor are co-internalized in early endosomes. αv integrin conditional knockout mice, transcriptomic analysis, CD109 overexpression in mouse and human VSMCs, Smad2/3 signaling assays, collagen expression assays, endosomal co-localization European heart journal open Medium 36909248
2024 CD109 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling; CD109 transgenic mice show attenuated fibrosis; recombinant CD109 protein inhibits TGF-β signaling and decreases ACTA2 expression in lung fibroblasts in vitro and reduces pulmonary fibrosis in vivo upon administration. CD109 transgenic and CD109-/- mice in bleomycin model, recombinant CD109 protein in vitro signaling assays, in vivo recombinant protein administration, ACTA2 and TGF-β signaling readouts Journal of immunology High 38334455

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Cell surface antigen CD109 is a novel member of the alpha(2) macroglobulin/C3, C4, C5 family of thioester-containing proteins. Blood 156 11861284
2017 Molecular definition of a metastatic lung cancer state reveals a targetable CD109-Janus kinase-Stat axis. Nature medicine 134 28191885
2006 Identification of CD109 as part of the TGF-beta receptor system in human keratinocytes. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 123 16754747
2011 The TGF-β co-receptor, CD109, promotes internalization and degradation of TGF-β receptors. Biochimica et biophysica acta 121 21295082
2018 Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates SRC, relocating chaperones to the cell surface where GRP78/CD109 blocks TGF-β signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112 29654145
2012 CD109-mediated degradation of TGF-β receptors and inhibition of TGF-β responses involve regulation of SMAD7 and Smurf2 localization and function. Journal of cellular biochemistry 80 21898545
2004 Expression of CD109 in human cancer. Oncogene 72 15116102
2002 A tyrosine703serine polymorphism of CD109 defines the Gov platelet alloantigens. Blood 69 11861285
2010 Processing of CD109 by furin and its role in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling. Oncogene 68 20101215
1999 CD109 is expressed on a subpopulation of CD34+ cells enriched in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Experimental hematology 65 10428505
2021 Single-cell analysis pinpoints distinct populations of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and an IL-10+CD109+ TH2 cell population in nasal polyps. Science immunology 63 34389612
2011 CD109 release from the cell surface in human keratinocytes regulates TGF-β receptor expression, TGF-β signalling and STAT3 activation: relevance to psoriasis. Experimental dermatology 61 21539622
2008 Up-regulation of CD109 expression is associated with carcinogenesis of the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity. Cancer science 61 19016750
2009 Mesotrypsin promotes malignant growth of breast cancer cells through shedding of CD109. Breast cancer research and treatment 60 20035377
2007 High-level expression of CD109 is frequently detected in lung squamous cell carcinomas. Pathology international 50 17922683
2005 CD109 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Pathology international 50 15826242
2021 CD109-GP130 interaction drives glioblastoma stem cell plasticity and chemoresistance through STAT3 activity. JCI insight 49 33986188
2020 Elevation of CD109 promotes metastasis and drug resistance in lung cancer via activation of EGFR-AKT-mTOR signaling. Cancer science 49 32133706
2016 CD109 is identified as a potential nasopharyngeal carcinoma biomarker using aptamer selected by cell-SELEX. Oncotarget 48 27419372
2017 Significance of perivascular tumour cells defined by CD109 expression in progression of glioma. The Journal of pathology 47 28888050
2005 Relevance of the HPA-15 (Gov) polymorphism on CD109 in alloimmune thrombocytopenic syndromes. Transfusion 47 15752154
2008 CD109 expression in basal-like breast carcinoma. Pathology international 45 18429827
2015 CD109 attenuates TGF-β1 signaling and enhances EGF signaling in SK-MG-1 human glioblastoma cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 42 25724945
2007 CD109, a new marker for myoepithelial cells of mammary, salivary, and lacrimal glands and prostate basal cells. Pathology international 42 17493171
2019 CD109 regulates the inflammatory response and is required for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 41 31455659
2020 CD109 mediates tumorigenicity and cancer aggressiveness via regulation of EGFR and STAT3 signalling in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. British journal of cancer 38 32507856
2014 SWATH™- and iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analyses reveal an overexpression and biological relevance of CD109 in advanced NSCLC. Journal of proteomics 38 24667143
2010 Correlation of pathological grade and tumor stage of urothelial carcinomas with CD109 expression. Pathology international 38 20946523
2014 CD109 is a potential target for triple-negative breast cancer. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 37 25149155
2020 Upregulation of CD109 Promotes the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stemness Properties of Lung Adenocarcinomas via Activation of the Hippo-YAP Signaling. Cells 36 33375719
2012 CD109, a TGF-β co-receptor, attenuates extracellular matrix production in scleroderma skin fibroblasts. Arthritis research & therapy 36 22694813
2015 Soluble CD109 binds TGF-β and antagonizes TGF-β signalling and responses. The Biochemical journal 35 26621871
2012 Epidermal hyperplasia and appendage abnormalities in mice lacking CD109. The American journal of pathology 34 22846721
2004 CD109 represents a novel branch of the alpha2-macroglobulin/complement gene family. Gene 34 14980714
2019 CD109: a multifunctional GPI-anchored protein with key roles in tumor progression and physiological homeostasis. Pathology international 32 31219232
2013 Human hepatic progenitor cells express hematopoietic cell markers CD45 and CD109. International journal of medical sciences 30 24396288
2013 Transgenic mice overexpressing CD109 in the epidermis display decreased inflammation and granulation tissue and improved collagen architecture during wound healing. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 29 23438099
2003 Antibody W7C5 defines a CD109 epitope expressed on CD34+ and CD34- hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell subsets. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 28 12799300
2015 CD109 is a component of exosome secreted from cultured cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 27 26707640
2019 CD109 Restrains Activation of Cutaneous IL-17-Producing γδ T Cells by Commensal Microbiota. Cell reports 26 31597099
1998 ABH antigens on human platelets: expression on the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein CD109. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 26 9708575
2013 CD109 overexpression ameliorates skin fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. Arthritis and rheumatism 25 23436317
2019 CD109 acts as a gatekeeper of the epithelial trait by suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. Scientific reports 24 31695056
2015 CD109 is a novel marker for squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas of the gallbladder. Diagnostic pathology 24 26249215
2016 Overexpression of CD109 in the Epidermis Differentially Regulates ALK1 Versus ALK5 Signaling and Modulates Extracellular Matrix Synthesis in the Skin. The Journal of investigative dermatology 23 27866969
2016 CD109, a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling, is a putative risk marker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. International journal of hematology 23 28032275
2020 CD109 regulates in vivo tumor invasion in lung adenocarcinoma through TGF-β signaling. Cancer science 22 33007133
2018 CD109 deficiency induces osteopenia with an osteoporosis-like phenotype in vivo. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 22 29767469
2013 CD109 plays a role in osteoclastogenesis. PloS one 22 23593435
2016 Suppression of skin tumorigenesis in CD109-deficient mice. Oncotarget 19 27756876
2014 CD109 Overexpression in Pancreatic Cancer Identified by Cell-Surface Glycoprotein Capture. Journal of proteomics & bioinformatics 19 25635161
2021 Cell Surface Processing of CD109 by Meprin β Leads to the Release of Soluble Fragments and Reduced Expression on Extracellular Vesicles. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 18 33738281
2016 Reduced expression of CD109 in tumor-associated endothelial cells promotes tumor progression by paracrine interleukin-8 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 17 27121053
2014 A subpopulation of circulating endothelial cells express CD109 and is enriched in the blood of cancer patients. PloS one 17 25506915
2023 CD109 on Dendritic Cells Regulates Airway Hyperreactivity and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 16 36215676
2021 The GPI-anchored protein CD109 protects hematopoietic progenitor cells from undergoing erythroid differentiation induced by TGF-β. Leukemia 16 34743190
2020 Tumor edge-to-core transition promotes malignancy in primary-to-recurrent glioblastoma progression in a PLAGL1/CD109-mediated mechanism. Neuro-oncology advances 16 33392508
2018 CD109 and squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of translational medicine 16 29625613
2023 CD109 Promotes Drug Resistance in A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells by Regulating the STAT3-NOTCH1 Signaling Axis. International journal of molecular sciences 15 37373457
2014 CD109, a novel TGF-β antagonist, decreases fibrotic responses in a hypoxic wound model. Experimental dermatology 15 24815824
2004 Gene frequencies of the HPA-15 (Gov) platelet alloantigen system in Brazilians. Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England) 15 15569238
2020 CD109 promotes the tumorigenic ability and metastatic motility of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] 14 32007357
2013 Human platelet antigen genotyping and expression of CD109 (human platelet antigen 15) mRNA in various human cell types. BioMed research international 12 23509816
2011 The relevance of HPA-15 antigen expression for anti-HPA-15 antibody detection. International journal of laboratory hematology 12 21752233
2018 Development of novel monoclonal antibodies against CD109 overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 11 29731998
2017 CD109 released from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuates TGF-β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stemness of squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 11 29221155
2022 CD109 Is a Critical Determinant of EGFR Expression and Signaling, and Tumorigenicity in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cancers 10 35954339
2022 Mining of transcriptome identifies CD109 and LRP12 as possible biomarkers and deregulation mechanism of T cell receptor pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Heliyon 10 36299526
2014 Detection of a soluble form of CD109 in serum of CD109 transgenic and tumor xenografted mice. PloS one 10 24400073
2025 CD109, a master regulator of inflammatory responses. Frontiers in immunology 9 39990858
2024 CD109 Attenuates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β Signaling. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 9 38334455
2023 Epicardial deletion of Sox9 leads to myxomatous valve degeneration and identifies Cd109 as a novel gene associated with valve development. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 9 37935281
2016 Association of down-regulation of CD109 expression with up-expression of Smad7 in pathogenesis of psoriasis. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban 9 26838754
2025 Tumor-derived CD109 orchestrates reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages to dampen immune response. Journal of hepatology 8 40220905
2024 Mechanical force-activated CD109 on periodontal ligament stem cells governs osteogenesis and osteoclast to promote alveolar bone remodeling. Stem cells translational medicine 8 38885217
2020 CD109 antigen-like gene is induced by ecdysone signaling and involved in the cellular immunity of Helicoverpa armigera. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 8 32141410
2020 Caveolae, CD109, and endothelial cells as targets for treating Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) 8 32995471
2017 CD109 expression is upregulated in penile squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology letters 8 29113239
2014 Comparison of a simple-probe real-time PCR and multiplex PCR techniques for HPA-1 to HPA-6 and HPA-15 genotyping. Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 8 24687514
2016 CD109 Mediates Cell Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Digestive diseases and sciences 7 27074923
2024 Endosomal Trafficking Bypassed by the RAB5B-CD109 Interplay Promotes Axonogenesis in KRAS-Mutant Pancreatic Cancer. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 6 39488792
2023 Significance of expression of CD109 in osteosarcoma and its involvement in tumor progression via BMP signaling. Pathology, research and practice 6 37030166
2023 FLOT2 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression through suppression of TGF-β pathway via facilitating CD109 expression. iScience 6 38161417
2019 Curcumin mitigates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in biliary epithelial cells through upregulating CD109 expression. Drug development research 6 31403228
2024 CD109 identified in circulating proteomics mitigates postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by suppressing TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. International immunopharmacology 5 38442581
2023 Smooth muscle αv integrins regulate vascular fibrosis via CD109 downregulation of TGF-β signalling. European heart journal open 5 36909248
2021 Serum CD109 levels reflect the node metastasis status in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer medicine 5 33565282
2024 Microglial upregulation of CD109 expression in spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model and its role in modulating inflammation and TGFβ/SMAD pathway. Neuroscience 4 39577687
2023 H3K27 acetylation activated-CD109 evokes 5-fluorouracil resistance in gastric cancer via the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway. Environmental toxicology 4 37661780
2019 A novel simple assay system for the detection of human platelet antigen 15 (HPA-15) alloantibodies based on three techniques: an HPA-15 expressing cell line, a monoclonal antibody-specific antigen-capture method and mixed-passive haemagglutination. Vox sanguinis 4 31777077
2024 Proteolytic cleavage of the TGFβ co-receptor CD109 changes its conformation, resulting in protease inhibition via activation of its thiol ester, and dissociation from the cell membrane. The FEBS journal 3 38587194
2024 Identification of CD109 in the extracellular vesicles derived from ovarian cancer stem-like cells. BMB reports 3 39567205
2025 IL-6-mediated tumorigenicity and antioxidant state in squamous cell carcinoma cells are driven by CD109 via stabilization of IL-6 receptor-alpha and activation of STAT3/NRF2 pathway. Experimental hematology & oncology 2 40317079
2024 HPV16 E7 modulates the cell surface expression of MET and CD109 via the AP2 complex. Tumour virus research 2 38485055
2022 The Significance of CD109 Expression in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anticancer research 2 35347029
2008 [Establishment of genotyping method for human platelet antigens of HPA-15 system by PCR-SSP]. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi 2 18315927
2025 Three cryo-EM structures of CD109 reveal its mechanism of protease inhibition. Cell reports 1 40482031
2024 Asporin and CD109, expressed in the injured neonatal spinal cord, attenuate axonal re-growth in vitro. Neuroscience letters 1 38796094
2023 CD109-regulated mechanical properties of endothelial cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) 1 36929132
2022 Relationship between donor-specific HPA-15 antibodies and poor graft function in HPA-15 mismatched cord blood transplantation. International journal of hematology 1 35028883

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for CD109? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.