Affinage

CASZ1

Zinc finger protein castor homolog 1 · UniProt Q86V15

Length
1759 aa
Mass
190.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 25 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CASZ1 is a nuclear zinc finger transcription factor that orchestrates cell-fate determination, differentiation, and proliferation control across multiple tissues by directing locus-specific epigenetic transcriptional programs (PMID:16631614, PMID:26296975, PMID:32060262). It exists as two major isoforms (CASZ1a and CASZ1b) whose transcriptional activity depends critically on N-terminal zinc fingers 1–4 and an activation domain at aa 31–185 (PMID:16631614, PMID:22331471). The CASZ1b N-terminus (aa 23–40) is bifunctional, serving as both a nuclear localization determinant and the docking site for the NuRD nucleosome-remodeling/histone-deacetylase corepressor complex, enabling HDAC-dependent epigenetic repression; CASZ1 also engages the polycomb repressive complex in a splice-variant-specific manner (PMID:26296975, PMID:27270431, PMID:30072429). Through these activities CASZ1 controls chromatin accessibility, super-enhancer establishment, and histone modification at target loci to drive lineage programs—activating MYOD-pathway genes in skeletal muscle, promoting permissive marks at Th17 loci, establishing inverted heterochromatin organization in rod photoreceptors via lamin A/C suppression, and enforcing epidermal terminal differentiation downstream of p63 and p300 (PMID:26296975, PMID:30072429, PMID:29467767, PMID:32060262, PMID:38458428). In cardiac development CASZ1 drives cardiomyocyte G1-to-S progression and morphogenesis, acting in a TBX20–CASZ1 complex and requiring interaction with CHD5; its loss recapitulates 1p36-deletion congenital heart disease (PMID:24993940, PMID:25190801, PMID:25953344, PMID:28945738). In endothelium CASZ1 directly activates EGFL7 to promote RhoA-dependent vascular assembly, and in the cochlea it consolidates inner hair cell fate by maintaining Gata3 (PMID:23639441, PMID:39883789). CASZ1 functions as a context-dependent tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma—where it is epigenetically silenced by EZH2/PRC2 and restores pRb activity to arrest the cell cycle—but acts as an oncogene in glioma, lung cancer (via ITGAV), and TAL1-driven T-ALL (via PI3K-AKT-mTOR) (PMID:22068036, PMID:23892435, PMID:32060262, PMID:36276925, PMID:36777515, PMID:38058200). Loss-of-function mutations and CRM1-dependent cytoplasmic mislocalization of CASZ1 underlie congenital heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy (PMID:27270431, PMID:27693370, PMID:28099117, PMID:28945738).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 14 steps
  1. 2006 Medium

    Establishing CASZ1 as a nuclear zinc finger protein with two isoforms induced upon differentiation set the foundation for treating it as a transcription factor governing cell-fate decisions.

    Evidence Molecular cloning, promoter analysis, and subcellular localization imaging of CASZ1a and CASZ1b

    PMID:16631614

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct DNA-binding sites or target genes defined
    • Functional difference between isoforms not resolved
  2. 2011 High

    Demonstrating that EZH2/PRC2 epigenetically silences CASZ1 and that CASZ1b suppresses tumor growth defined CASZ1 as a polycomb-repressed tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma.

    Evidence ChIP for H3K27me3/PRC2, EZH2 knockout MEFs, RNAi and pharmacologic EZH2 inhibition; in vitro and xenograft growth assays

    PMID:21490919 PMID:22068036

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of CASZ1-mediated growth suppression not yet defined
    • Isoform-specific functional distinctions unresolved
  3. 2012 High

    Systematic domain mapping linked specific zinc fingers and an N-terminal activation domain to transcriptional output and tumor suppression, connecting molecular structure to function.

    Evidence Mutagenesis with tyrosine hydroxylase promoter-luciferase reporters, soft agar and xenograft assays

    PMID:22331471

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct genomic binding sites not mapped
    • Cofactors mediating activation not identified at this stage
  4. 2013 High

    Identifying that CASZ1 restores pRb activity and directly activates EGFL7→RhoA established distinct mechanistic axes for cell-cycle arrest and vascular morphogenesis.

    Evidence Inducible CASZ1 restoration with cell-cycle Western/reporter readouts; Xenopus and human endothelial knockdown, ChIP, and RhoA activity/rescue assays

    PMID:23639441 PMID:23892435 PMID:24150064

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether cell-cycle and vascular roles share a common transcriptional mechanism unclear
    • Direct vs indirect regulation of cell-cycle genes not fully separated
  5. 2014 High

    Knockout and interaction studies placed CASZ1 at the center of cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac morphogenesis via partnership with CHD5.

    Evidence Casz1 knockout mouse with cardiac transcriptome analysis; Co-IP of CASZ1-CHD5 plus Xenopus loss-of-function with histology

    PMID:24993940 PMID:25190801

    Open questions at the time
    • How CHD5 enables CASZ1 transcriptional function mechanistically not defined
    • Direct vs indirect status of cardiac target genes not fully resolved
  6. 2015 High

    Discovery that CASZ1b recruits the NuRD complex through its N-terminus revealed the corepressor machinery underlying CASZ1's epigenetic transcriptional regulation, and conditional cardiac knockout pinpointed a G1-to-S cell-cycle requirement.

    Evidence Co-IP/MS, domain mutagenesis, GAL4DBD fusion repression reporter with HDAC inhibitor; cardiac conditional knockout with BrdU, phospho-RB, and flow cytometry

    PMID:25953344 PMID:26296975

    Open questions at the time
    • Genome-wide occupancy of NuRD-CASZ1 complexes not mapped
    • Functional weight of activation vs repression activities by context unclear
  7. 2016 High

    Defining a CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal explained how CASZ1 cytoplasmic mislocalization, linked to poor neuroblastoma prognosis, inactivates its function, while reporter assays tied a CHD-associated mutation to loss of transcriptional activity and Prrxl1 was identified as a direct upstream activator in neurons.

    Evidence Alanine-scanning mutagenesis, leptomycin B treatment, Co-IP, and NB tissue microarray; dual-luciferase assay of p.L38P; Prrxl1 ChIP and knockout expression analysis

    PMID:26913565 PMID:27270431 PMID:27693370

    Open questions at the time
    • Signals controlling CRM1-dependent export in vivo unknown
    • p.L38P functional data limited to single reporter assay
  8. 2017 High

    The TBX20-CASZ1 complex and disease-associated mutations established CASZ1 as a Mendelian cardiac gene whose loss-of-function causes congenital heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy.

    Evidence Unbiased protein screen, Co-IP, structural interface analysis, digenic mouse genetics, quantitative proteomics; nonsense mutation reporter assay with family pedigree

    PMID:28099117 PMID:28945738

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcriptional program of TBX20-CASZ1 complex incompletely defined
    • DCM mutation functional data limited to single reporter assay
  9. 2018 High

    Conditional knockouts revealed CASZ1 organizes chromatin architecture in rod photoreceptors via polycomb and lamin A/C, and coordinates T helper cell differentiation through histone-mark regulation, generalizing its role as an epigenetic regulator beyond cancer and heart.

    Evidence Rod conditional KO, Casz1-PRC Co-IP, lamin A/C rescue, nuclear imaging; CD4+ T-cell conditional KO with EAE/Candida models and locus-specific histone ChIP

    PMID:29467767 PMID:30072429

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of splice-variant-specific PRC engagement unresolved
    • How CASZ1 selects target loci across tissues unknown
  10. 2020 High

    Genome-wide multi-omics in rhabdomyosarcoma showed CASZ1 directly activates muscle genes and represses non-muscle genes through chromatin accessibility and super-enhancer control, defining a direct epigenetic differentiation program suppressed by oncogenic RAS-MEK.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, RAS-MEK inhibition in ERMS and primary tumors

    PMID:32060262

    Open questions at the time
    • Cofactor requirements for super-enhancer establishment not defined
    • How RAS-MEK mechanistically suppresses CASZ1 unclear
  11. 2022 Medium

    Identification of CASZ1b as a mineralocorticoid receptor coregulator and as a p75NTR-regulating glioma oncogene extended its functional repertoire to hormone signaling and context-dependent oncogenesis.

    Evidence LC-MS/MS, MR transcriptional and aldosterone biosynthesis assays; CASZ1 knockdown/overexpression with p75NTR reporter and proliferation/invasion assays

    PMID:36276925 PMID:36522424

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct vs indirect transcriptional regulation of p75NTR not firmly established (Low-confidence)
    • Physiological relevance of MR coregulation in vivo not tested
  12. 2023 Medium

    Demonstrating direct CASZ1 binding to the ITGAV promoter to drive lung cancer metastasis reinforced its tissue-dependent oncogenic activity through integrin pathways.

    Evidence RNA-seq in silenced cells, ChIP, knockdown/overexpression migration-invasion assays, in vivo metastasis model

    PMID:36777515

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants switching CASZ1 between tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles unknown
    • Cofactor context at the ITGAV locus undefined
  13. 2024 High

    Identifying TAL1 as a direct upstream activator driving CASZ1b-mediated PI3K-AKT-mTOR activation in T-ALL, and p63/p300-dependent CASZ1 induction in epidermal differentiation, clarified both how CASZ1 is regulated and how it acts in distinct lineages.

    Evidence TAL1 ChIP-seq, Ba/F3 transformation, PI3K inhibitor and zebrafish T-ALL models; RNAi, organotypic epidermal regeneration, p63/p300 analysis

    PMID:38058200 PMID:38458428

    Open questions at the time
    • How CASZ1b activates PI3K-AKT-mTOR mechanistically unresolved
    • Direct epidermal target genes of CASZ1 not mapped
  14. 2025 High

    Conditional cochlear knockout showed CASZ1 consolidates inner hair cell fate and outer hair cell survival by maintaining Gata3, adding sensory cell-fate determination to its developmental roles.

    Evidence Conditional Casz1 KO, cell-fate marker analysis, Gata3 overexpression rescue, hearing assays

    PMID:39883789

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CASZ1 directly binds the Gata3 locus not established
    • Connection to NuRD/PRC chromatin machinery in hair cells untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unknown what molecular features determine whether CASZ1 functions as a tumor suppressor or oncogene and how it selects context-specific target loci across such diverse tissues.
  • No unifying model for context-dependent target selection
  • Structural basis of CASZ1 DNA recognition not determined
  • Relative contribution of NuRD-repression vs activation across tissues unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 6 GO:0003677 DNA binding 3 GO:0042393 histone binding 1 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 1
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 7 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1
Partners
CHD5EZH2P63PRRXL1SUZ12TAL1TBX20
Complex memberships
NuRD complexPolycomb repressive complex (PRC)TBX20-CASZ1 complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 Human CASZ1 encodes two major isoforms (CASZ1a with 11 zinc fingers and CASZ1b with 5 zinc fingers), both of which localize predominantly to the nucleus, consistent with their function as zinc finger transcription factors. CASZ1 expression is upregulated when cells of neural and mesenchymal origin are induced to differentiate. Molecular cloning, deletion analysis of 5'-flanking sequences, subcellular localization by fluorescence imaging Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16631614
2011 EZH2 directly epigenetically silences CASZ1 in neuroblastoma cells via H3K27me3 and PRC2 complex binding to the CASZ1 gene locus. RNAi-mediated knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of EZH2 increased CASZ1 expression. EZH2-knockout MEFs displayed 3-fold higher CASZ1 mRNA levels. HDAC inhibitor treatment decreased EZH2 and SUZ12 levels and reduced H3K27me3/PRC2 enrichment at the CASZ1 locus. RNAi knockdown, pharmacologic inhibition (3-deazaneplanocin A), ChIP for H3K27me3 and PRC2 components, EZH2 knockout MEFs, HDAC inhibitor treatment Cancer research High 22068036
2011 CASZ1b isoform suppresses neuroblastoma tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. CASZ1b and CASZ1a are co-expressed in neuronal tissues but exhibit distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns during brain development. CASZ1b and CASZ1a have no synergistic or antagonistic activities on regulation of their shared target gene NGFR. Realtime PCR, in vitro growth assays, xenograft studies, reporter assays PloS one Medium 21490919
2012 Zinc fingers 1–4 of CASZ1b are critical for transcriptional activity (loss of any one causes 58–79% reduction in transcriptional activity measured by tyrosine hydroxylase promoter-luciferase). ZF5 and C-terminal sequences (aa 728–1166) are dispensable for transcriptional function. A transcriptional activation domain maps to aa 31–185, and a nuclear localization signal maps to aa 23–29. Loss of transcriptional activity correlates with reduced neuroblastoma growth suppression in soft agar and xenograft assays. Mutagenesis, luciferase reporter assays, soft agar colony formation, xenograft studies Molecular and cellular biology High 22331471
2013 CASZ1 inhibits neuroblastoma cell cycle progression by restoring pRb activity: CASZ1 restoration increases p21 levels, decreases Cdk6, reduces Cdk2-dependent cyclins A and E and Cdk4/6-dependent Cyclin D1, decreases pRb phosphorylation, reduces E2F transcriptional activity, and decreases Cyclin B, Cdc25c, and phospho-Chk1 levels. Inducible CASZ1 restoration, Western blotting, luciferase reporter assay for E2F activity, cell cycle analysis Cell cycle Medium 23892435
2013 CASZ1 directly regulates EGFL7 transcription in endothelial cells, and this CASZ1→EGFL7→RhoA pathway is required for blood vessel assembly and lumenization. CASZ1-depleted human endothelial cells show altered adhesion, morphology, and sprouting due to diminished RhoA expression and impaired focal adhesion localization. Restoration of EGFL7 rescues CASZ1-depletion phenotypes. Morpholino knockdown in Xenopus, siRNA knockdown in human endothelial cells, ChIP (CASZ1 binding to EGFL7 locus), rescue experiments, focal adhesion localization assays Developmental cell High 23639441
2013 CASZ1 directly regulates EGFL7 gene expression to promote RhoA transcription and GTPase activity, linking transcriptional regulation of endothelial gene expression to cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. ChIP, siRNA knockdown, RhoA activity assays Small GTPases Medium 24150064
2014 CASZ1 (CASTOR) directly interacts with congenital heart disease 5 protein (CHD5/WRB). Loss of CHD5 in Xenopus compromises myocardial integrity, impairs basement membrane deposition, and disrupts cardiac cell movements. CHD5 is essential for CASZ1 function and the CHD5-CASZ1 interaction is necessary for cardiac morphogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation (direct interaction), Xenopus morpholino knockdown, histology, basement membrane staining Development High 24993940
2014 Casz1 deletion in mice causes abnormal heart development including hypoplasia of myocardium (due to decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation), ventricular septal defect, and disorganized morphology, phenocopying 1p36 deletion syndrome CHD. Casz1 transcriptionally regulates cardiac morphogenesis and contraction genes including TNNI2, TNNT1, CKM, ACTA1, ABCC9, and CACNA1D. Casz1 knockout mouse (gene trap), genome-wide RNA transcriptome analysis of Casz1-depleted embryonic hearts, cellular models of transcriptional regulation The Journal of biological chemistry High 25190801
2015 CASZ1b binds the NuRD (nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase) complex, histones, and DNA repair proteins. The N-terminus of CASZ1b (aa 23–40) is required for NuRD binding; a poly(ADP-ribose) binding motif is required for histone H3 and DNA repair protein binding. The N-terminus of CASZ1b fused to GAL4DBD causes transcriptional repression that is blocked by HDAC inhibitor treatment, indicating NuRD-dependent epigenetic transcriptional regulation. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, mutagenesis, GAL4DBD fusion luciferase reporter assay, HDAC inhibitor treatment, realtime PCR Oncotarget High 26296975
2015 Casz1 is essential for cardiomyocyte G1-to-S phase progression in mammalian heart development. Cardiac conditional null mutation of Casz1 leads to decreased cardiomyocyte number, prolonged/arrested S phase, decreased DNA synthesis, increased phospho-RB, and decreased cardiac mitotic index. CASZ1-expressing cells give rise to cardiomyocytes in both first and second heart fields. Cardiac conditional knockout mouse, inducible Cre fate mapping, BrdU incorporation, phospho-RB western blotting, flow cytometry Development High 25953344
2016 A nuclear export signal (NES) at CASZ1 N-terminus (aa 176–192) mediates CRM1 (chromosomal maintenance 1)-dependent nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of CASZ1. The critical region aa 23–40 mediates both CASZ1b nuclear localization and NuRD complex interaction. High nuclear CASZ1 correlates with good prognosis NB patients, while cytoplasmic-restricted CASZ1 correlates with poor prognosis. Alanine scanning mutagenesis, immunofluorescence staining, co-immunoprecipitation, CRM1 inhibitor (leptomycin B) treatment, primary NB tissue microarray Oncogene High 27270431
2016 CASZ1 mutation p.L38P associated with congenital ventricular septal defect shows significantly reduced transcriptional activity compared to wild-type CASZ1 in a dual-luciferase reporter assay, establishing loss of transcriptional activity as the mechanistic basis for CHD-associated mutation. Sanger sequencing, dual-luciferase reporter assay Gene Low 27693370
2017 CASZ1 mutation p.K351X (nonsense) causes complete loss of transcriptional activity in luciferase reporter assay, co-segregating with familial dilated cardiomyopathy in an autosomal dominant pattern with complete penetrance. Sanger sequencing, luciferase reporter assay, family pedigree analysis Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine Low 28099117
2017 TBX20 physically and genetically interacts with CASZ1. This interaction is required for survival, as mice heterozygous for both Tbx20 and Casz1 die post-natally from dilated cardiomyopathy. A TBX20 mutation associated with human familial DCM sterically interferes with the TBX20-CASZ1 interaction. Quantitative proteomic analyses defined molecular pathways mis-regulated upon disruption of the TBX20-CASZ1 complex. Unbiased systems-based protein screen, Co-IP, structural analysis of interaction interface, digenic mouse genetics, quantitative proteomics (MS) PLoS genetics High 28945738
2018 Casz1 is required to establish and maintain inverted chromatin organization in rod photoreceptors. Casz1 interacts with the polycomb repressor complex in a splice variant-specific manner, and together they suppress lamin A/C expression in rods. Lamin A is sufficient to regulate heterochromatin organization and nuclear position. Casz1 is also sufficient to expand and centralize heterochromatin in fibroblasts. Conditional genetics (Casz1 conditional KO in rods), co-immunoprecipitation (Casz1-PRC interaction), lamin A/C overexpression rescue, nuclear organization imaging (DAPI staining), fibroblast overexpression experiments Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 30072429
2018 Casz1 coordinates T helper cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Casz1 deficiency in CD4+ T cells reduces susceptibility to EAE and impairs Th17 and Treg responses during mucosal Candida infection. Mechanistically, Casz1 limits repressive histone marks and enables acquisition of permissive histone marks at Rorc, Il17a, Ahr, and Runx1 loci to promote Th17 differentiation. Conditional Casz1 KO in CD4+ T cells, EAE model, Candida infection model, transcriptome analysis, histone ChIP at specific loci Frontiers in immunology Medium 29467767
2016 Zinc finger transcription factor Casz1 expression in dorsal spinal cord late-born excitatory interneurons is directly regulated by the homeodomain transcription factor Prrxl1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation in dorsal spinal cord identified two Prrxl1-bound regions within Casz1 introns, indicating direct transcriptional regulation of Casz1 by Prrxl1. Immunohistochemistry in Prrxl1-knockout mice, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) The European journal of neuroscience Medium 26913565
2020 CASZ1 up-regulates MYOD signature genes and induces skeletal muscle differentiation through a feed-forward loop with MYOD and MYOG. The oncogenic RAS-MEK pathway suppresses CASZ1 expression in ERMS. ChIP-seq shows CASZ1 directly up-regulates skeletal muscle genes and represses non-muscle genes through affecting regional epigenetic modifications, chromatin accessibility, and super-enhancer establishment. ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, RAS-MEK pathway inhibition, next-generation sequencing of primary RMS tumors Nature communications High 32060262
2022 CASZ1b is a novel mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) coregulator identified by LC-MS/MS. CASZ1b is coexpressed with MR in kidney tubule cells, and decreased CASZ1 protein levels promote aldosterone-dependent transcriptional activity of MR. Overexpression of CASZ1 suppresses aldosterone biosynthesis in adrenal cells. LC-MS/MS biochemical identification, coexpression analysis, MR transcriptional activity assays, aldosterone biosynthesis assays in adrenal cells Hypertension research Medium 36522424
2022 CASZ1 transcriptionally regulates p75NTR expression in glioma cells, acting as an oncogene. Overexpression of CASZ1 increased transcriptional activity of p75NTR, and p75NTR expression is required for CASZ1 to exert its oncogenic function. CASZ1 knockdown/overexpression, luciferase reporter assay, proliferation and invasion assays MedComm Low 36276925
2023 CASZ1 directly binds the ITGAV promoter and transcriptionally regulates ITGAV expression, promoting lung cancer cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis through integrin-mediated pathways. RNA-seq in CASZ1-silenced cells, ChIP (CASZ1 binding to ITGAV promoter), knockdown/overexpression with migration and invasion assays, in vivo metastasis model American journal of cancer research Medium 36777515
2024 CASZ1 is an essential activator of epidermal terminal differentiation. CASZ1 knockdown promotes proliferation and impairs multiple terminal differentiation markers in organotypic epidermal regeneration. Mechanistically, CASZ1 upregulation during differentiation requires the action of both the master transcription factor p63 and the histone acetyltransferase p300. RNAi knockdown, transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq), organotypic epidermal regeneration model, p63 and p300 functional analysis The Journal of investigative dermatology Medium 38458428
2024 TAL1 is a direct positive regulator of CASZ1 transcription in T-ALL. CASZ1b overexpression activates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, which is required for CASZ1b-mediated transformation of Ba/F3 cells in vitro and malignant expansion in vivo. CASZ1b cooperates with activated NOTCH1 to promote T-ALL development in zebrafish. TAL1 ChIP-seq (direct binding to CASZ1 locus), CASZ1b overexpression in Ba/F3 and T-ALL cells, PI3K inhibitor studies, zebrafish T-ALL model (CASZ1b + NOTCH1 cooperation) Haematologica High 38058200
2025 Casz1 is required for inner hair cell (IHC) fate consolidation and outer hair cell (OHC) survival in the mouse cochlea. Loss of Casz1 causes transdifferentiation of IHCs into OHCs without affecting initial OHC production, and compromises long-term OHC survival. Mechanistically, Casz1 maintains Gata3 expression in IHCs, and overexpression of Gata3 partially rescues IHC properties, OHC numbers, and hearing in Casz1-deleted mice. Conditional Casz1 knockout in mouse cochlea, cell fate marker analysis, Gata3 overexpression rescue, auditory function testing (hearing assays) Science High 39883789

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2016 The CASTOR Proteins Are Arginine Sensors for the mTORC1 Pathway. Cell 671 26972053
1998 Regulation of POU genes by castor and hunchback establishes layered compartments in the Drosophila CNS. Genes & development 228 9436984
2008 Lotus japonicus CASTOR and POLLUX are ion channels essential for perinuclear calcium spiking in legume root endosymbiosis. The Plant cell 157 19106374
2011 EZH2 Mediates epigenetic silencing of neuroblastoma suppressor genes CASZ1, CLU, RUNX3, and NGFR. Cancer research 153 22068036
2012 Castor oil induces laxation and uterus contraction via ricinoleic acid activating prostaglandin EP3 receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 125 22615395
2006 Pdm and Castor specify late-born motor neuron identity in the NB7-1 lineage. Genes & development 94 16980589
2012 Tissue-specific whole transcriptome sequencing in castor, directed at understanding triacylglycerol lipid biosynthetic pathways. PloS one 90 22319559
2008 Pdm and Castor close successive temporal identity windows in the NB3-1 lineage. Development (Cambridge, England) 72 18832394
2014 Essential role of the zinc finger transcription factor Casz1 for mammalian cardiac morphogenesis and development. The Journal of biological chemistry 65 25190801
2013 CASZ1 promotes vascular assembly and morphogenesis through the direct regulation of an EGFL7/RhoA-mediated pathway. Developmental cell 64 23639441
2012 Lipase applications in oil hydrolysis with a case study on castor oil: a review. Critical reviews in biotechnology 59 22676042
2011 Castor bean organelle genome sequencing and worldwide genetic diversity analysis. PloS one 58 21750729
2008 Regulatory monoubiquitination of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in germinating castor oil seeds. The Journal of biological chemistry 58 18728004
2007 Final report on the safety assessment of Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Glyceryl Ricinoleate, Glyceryl Ricinoleate SE, Ricinoleic Acid, Potassium Ricinoleate, Sodium Ricinoleate, Zinc Ricinoleate, Cetyl Ricinoleate, Ethyl Ricinoleate, Glycol Ricinoleate, Isopropyl Ricinoleate, Methyl Ricinoleate, and Octyldodecyl Ricinoleate. International journal of toxicology 58 18080873
2016 Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans. International journal of molecular sciences 56 27347937
1995 Expression of Phospholipase D during Castor Bean Leaf Senescence. Plant physiology 54 12228503
2020 Phytoremediation of soil heavy metals (Cd and Zn) by castor seedlings: Tolerance, accumulation and subcellular distribution. Chemosphere 53 32220713
2006 Molecular cloning and characterization of human Castor, a novel human gene upregulated during cell differentiation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 48 16631614
2020 CASZ1 induces skeletal muscle and rhabdomyosarcoma differentiation through a feed-forward loop with MYOD and MYOG. Nature communications 44 32060262
2008 Antiquity and function of CASTOR and POLLUX, the twin ion channel-encoding genes key to the evolution of root symbioses in plants. Plant physiology 44 18978069
2018 Differential expression networks and inheritance patterns of long non-coding RNAs in castor bean seeds. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 41 29738104
1991 Kinetic and regulatory properties of cytosolic pyruvate kinase from germinating castor oil seeds. The Biochemical journal 40 1953644
2021 Genomic insights into the origin, domestication and genetic basis of agronomic traits of castor bean. Genome biology 39 33874982
2018 Casz1 controls higher-order nuclear organization in rod photoreceptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 38 30072429
2016 Genomic DNA Methylation Analyses Reveal the Distinct Profiles in Castor Bean Seeds with Persistent Endosperms. Plant physiology 38 27208275
2002 Proteomic analysis of the endoplasmic reticulum from developing and germinating seed of castor (Ricinus communis). Electrophoresis 38 11870775
2015 Casz1 is required for cardiomyocyte G1-to-S phase progression during mammalian cardiac development. Development (Cambridge, England) 37 25953344
2010 Identification and expression analysis of castor bean (Ricinus communis) genes encoding enzymes from the triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 36 21802608
2005 Cytosolic pyruvate kinase: subunit composition, activity, and amount in developing castor and soybean seeds, and biochemical characterization of the purified castor seed enzyme. Planta 35 16049677
2020 Circular RNA circANKRD36 regulates Casz1 by targeting miR-599 to prevent osteoarthritis chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 34 33205602
2011 CASZ1b, the short isoform of CASZ1 gene, coexpresses with CASZ1a during neurogenesis and suppresses neuroblastoma cell growth. PloS one 34 21490919
2011 Analysis of active ricin and castor bean proteins in a ricin preparation, castor bean extract, and surface swabs from a public health investigation. Forensic science international 32 21251774
2008 Role of biotechnological interventions in the improvement of castor (Ricinus communis L.) and Jatropha curcas L. Biotechnology advances 32 18579331
2020 Changes and Associations of Genomic Transcription and Histone Methylation with Salt Stress in Castor Bean. Plant & cell physiology 31 32186723
2016 Gene Structures, Evolution and Transcriptional Profiling of the WRKY Gene Family in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.). PloS one 30 26849139
2017 CASZ1 loss-of-function mutation contributes to familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 28 28099117
2016 CASZ1 loss-of-function mutation associated with congenital heart disease. Gene 27 27693370
1996 Purification and characterization of cytosolic pyruvate kinase from leaves of the castor oil plant. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 27 8806784
2017 Formation of a TBX20-CASZ1 protein complex is protective against dilated cardiomyopathy and critical for cardiac homeostasis. PLoS genetics 26 28945738
2014 Congenital heart disease protein 5 associates with CASZ1 to maintain myocardial tissue integrity. Development (Cambridge, England) 26 24993940
2013 Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of microRNAs from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). PloS one 26 23894571
2021 A Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of Wild Castor Provides New Insights into its Adaptive Evolution in Tropical Desert. Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics 25 34339842
2018 Identification of Casz1 as a Regulatory Protein Controlling T Helper Cell Differentiation, Inflammation, and Immunity. Frontiers in immunology 25 29467767
2013 CASZ1 inhibits cell cycle progression in neuroblastoma by restoring pRb activity. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 25 23892435
2015 Zinc finger transcription factor CASZ1 interacts with histones, DNA repair proteins and recruits NuRD complex to regulate gene transcription. Oncotarget 24 26296975
2012 Computational identification and phylogenetic analysis of the oil-body structural proteins, oleosin and caleosin, in castor bean and flax. Gene 24 23232356
2022 Preparation of Ricinoleic Acid from Castor Oil:A Review. Journal of oleo science 23 35661063
2019 WRINKLED1 homologs highly and functionally express in oil-rich endosperms of oat and castor. Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology 23 31481195
2014 Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of the SBP-box gene family in castor bean. PloS one 23 24466202
2012 Characterization of critical domains within the tumor suppressor CASZ1 required for transcriptional regulation and growth suppression. Molecular and cellular biology 23 22331471
2020 The SRG rat, a Sprague-Dawley Rag2/Il2rg double-knockout validated for human tumor oncology studies. PloS one 22 33027304
2019 A novel de novo CASZ1 heterozygous frameshift variant causes dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 21 31268246
2015 Distribution and chemical forms of copper in the root cells of castor seedlings and their tolerance to copper phytotoxicity in hydroponic culture. Environmental science and pollution research international 21 25563834
2022 Transcription factor CASZ1 increases an oncogenic transcriptional process in tumorigenesis and progression of glioma cells. MedComm 19 36276925
2016 Identification of CASZ1 NES reveals potential mechanisms for loss of CASZ1 tumor suppressor activity in neuroblastoma. Oncogene 19 27270431
1997 Promoter analysis and expression of a phospholipase D gene from castor bean. Plant physiology 19 9342861
2021 Antiviral activity of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) leaf extracts. Journal of ethnopharmacology 18 33515683
2021 Antibacterial and Biocompatible Hydrogel Dressing Based on Gelatin- and Castor-Oil-Derived Biocidal Agent. ACS biomaterials science & engineering 18 34196519
2016 Differential Contribution of Malic Enzymes during Soybean and Castor Seeds Maturation. PloS one 17 27347875
1999 Functional characterization and expression analysis of the amino acid permease RcAAP3 from castor bean. Plant physiology 17 10444088
2019 Epigenome-Wide Association Study for All-Cause Mortality in a Cardiovascular Cohort Identifies Differential Methylation in Castor Zinc Finger 1 (CASZ1). Journal of the American Heart Association 16 31642367
2018 Cell-free plasma hypermethylated CASZ1, CDH13 and ING2 are promising biomarkers of esophageal cancer. Journal of biomedical research 16 30355852
2017 De Novo Genome and Transcriptome Assembly of the Canadian Beaver (Castor canadensis). G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 16 28087693
2012 The cis-regulatory dynamics of the Drosophila CNS determinant castor are controlled by multiple sub-pattern enhancers. Gene expression patterns : GEP 16 22691242
2022 The expression changes of transcription factors including ANKZF1, LEF1, CASZ1, and ATOH1 as a predictor of survival rate in colorectal cancer: a large-scale analysis. Cancer cell international 15 36344988
2017 Bio-detoxification of ricin in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seeds. Scientific reports 15 29133924
2016 CASZ1 is a novel promoter of metastasis in ovarian cancer. American journal of cancer research 15 27429842
2016 The calcium-dependent protein kinase RcCDPK2 phosphorylates sucrose synthase at Ser11 in developing castor oil seeds. The Biochemical journal 15 27512054
2013 Castor oil and mineral oil nanoemulsion: development and compatibility with a soft contact lens. Pharmaceutical development and technology 14 23432619
1986 Pyruvate metabolism in castor-bean mitochondria. The Biochemical journal 14 3814077
2022 A circular RNA Edis-Relish-castor axis regulates neuronal development in Drosophila. PLoS genetics 13 36301831
2020 Integrative analysis identifies the association between CASZ1 methylation and ischemic stroke. Neurology. Genetics 13 33134510
2013 The CASZ1/Egfl7 transcriptional pathway is required for RhoA expression in vascular endothelial cells. Small GTPases 13 24150064
2023 Role of the CASZ1 transcription factor in tissue development and disease. European journal of medical research 12 38053207
2019 A variant of the castor zinc finger 1 (CASZ1) gene is differentially associated with the clinical classification of chronic venous disease. Scientific reports 12 31570750
2015 Haematology and Serum Biochemistry Parameters and Variations in the Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber). PloS one 12 26066344
2015 Differential oxidative stress responses in castor semilooper, Achaea janata. Journal of invertebrate pathology 12 26455997
2014 Castor bean seed ingestions: a state-wide poison control system's experience. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 12 24579983
1999 Biosynthesis of ricinoleate in castor oil. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 12 10335384
2025 Casz1 is required for both inner hair cell fate stabilization and outer hair cell survival. Science (New York, N.Y.) 11 39883789
2024 CASZ1 upregulates PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling and promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 11 38058200
2022 Zoonotic Pathogens in Eurasian Beavers (Castor fiber) in the Netherlands. Journal of wildlife diseases 11 35245369
2020 Sex- and season-dependent differences in the expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.). General and comparative endocrinology 11 32739435
2016 Zinc finger transcription factor Casz1 expression is regulated by homeodomain transcription factor Prrxl1 in embryonic spinal dorsal horn late-born excitatory interneurons. The European journal of neuroscience 10 26913565
2016 Orexin receptor expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes of free-living European beavers (Castor fiber L.) in different periods of the reproductive cycle. General and comparative endocrinology 10 27664717
1995 Molecular characterization of plastid pyruvate kinase from castor and tobacco. Plant molecular biology 10 7865798
2024 CASZ1 Is Essential for Skin Epidermal Terminal Differentiation. The Journal of investigative dermatology 9 38458428
2022 Content and Solubility of Collagen and Their Relation to Proximate Composition and Shear Force of Meat from Different Anatomical Location in Carcass of European Beaver (Castor fiber). Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 9 35564011
2022 Hydrophilic competent and enhanced wet-bond strength castor oil-based bioadhesive for bone repair. Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 9 36113225
2022 Identification of a Novel de Novo Variant in the CASZ1 Causing a Rare Type of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. International journal of molecular sciences 9 36293425
2017 Endothelial cell responses to castor oil-based polyurethane substrates functionalized by direct laser ablation. Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) 9 28762961
2017 Design and development of low cost polyurethane biopolymer based on castor oil and glycerol for biomedical applications. Biopolymers 9 29159831
2014 Synthesis and characterization of gold nanotube/nanowire-polyurethane composite based on castor oil and polyethylene glycol. Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications 9 25063127
2006 Diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity and triacylglycerol synthesis in germinating castor seed cotyledons. Lipids 9 16711603
2023 CASZ1 promotes migration, invasion, and metastasis of lung cancer cells by controlling expression of ITGAV. American journal of cancer research 8 36777515
2023 CASZ1: Current Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers. Biomedicines 8 37509718
2022 The molecular mechanism of WRINKLED1 transcription factor regulating oil accumulation in developing seeds of castor bean. Plant diversity 8 37601547
2022 CASZ1: a promising factor modulating aldosterone biosynthesis and mineralocorticoid receptor activity. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 7 36522424
2020 Protective effect of SKB_Gutbiotic against castor oil and E.coli induced diarrhea in laboratory animals. Microbial pathogenesis 7 32142870
2012 Simultaneous allergen inactivation and detoxification of castor bean cake by treatment with calcium compounds. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas 7 22911344

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