Affinage

CAST

Calpastatin · UniProt P20810

Round 2 corrected
Length
708 aa
Mass
76.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 10 papers cited in narrative 10 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Insufficient on-target evidence to synthesize a narrative — discovery timeline does not match the canonical CAST protein.

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
No controlled-vocabulary terms were assigned to this entry.

Evidence

Reading pass · 10 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2008 Crystal structure of calcium-bound calpain 2 heterodimer bound by an inhibitory domain of calpastatin at 2.4-Å resolution revealed the mechanism of inhibition: calpastatin occupies both sides of the active site cleft, passes through the cleft but escapes cleavage by looping around the active site cysteine, and recognizes multiple lower-affinity sites present only in the calcium-bound form of calpain. The structure also revealed conformational changes calpain undergoes upon calcium binding, including opening of the active site cleft and domain compaction. X-ray crystallography (2.4 Å resolution crystal structure of calpain 2–calpastatin inhibitory domain complex) Nature High 19020623
1989 Calpastatin was established as the endogenous intracellular inhibitor of calpains (calpain I/μ-calpain and calpain II/m-calpain). Structure–function analysis using mutated cDNAs expressed in E. coli defined the inhibitory domains of calpastatin. Interleukin-2 receptor-linked expression of calpastatin was demonstrated in HTLV-I-infected T-cells, and calpastatin was shown to inhibit calcium-dependent calpain proteolytic activity. Biochemical inhibition assays, site-directed mutagenesis of cDNA expressed in E. coli, cell-based expression studies Biochemistry international High 2548504
1998 Calpastatin is cleaved by caspases during early apoptosis. In anti-Fas or staurosporine-treated Jurkat T-cells and apoptotic SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, the high-molecular-weight form of calpastatin (110 kDa) was degraded to immunoreactive fragments (75 kDa, 30 kDa). In vitro, recombinant caspase-1, -3, and -7 all cleaved calpastatin; caspase-1 cleaved at ALDD137↓L, LSSD203↓F, and ALAD404↓S (in domains I and III), while caspase-3 cleaved only at ALDD137↓L. Cleavage was blocked by caspase-specific inhibitors. Notably, caspase-1-fragmented calpastatin retained near-normal calpain inhibitory activity, suggesting that caspase-mediated fragmentation has effects beyond loss of calpain inhibition. In vitro cleavage assays with recombinant caspases, immunoblot of apoptotic cells, caspase inhibitor pretreatment, in vitro translation Archives of biochemistry and biophysics High 9705209
1999 Calpastatin overexpression partially blocked TNF-α-inducible IκBα proteolysis and NF-κB-dependent promoter activity in HepG2 cells, demonstrating that cytosolic m-calpain mediates a proteasome-independent pathway for IκBα degradation and NF-κB activation in parallel to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Transient cotransfection with calpastatin expression construct, fluorescent calpain activity assay, NF-κB reporter assay, cell fractionation, broken-cell reconstitution with purified m-calpain The Journal of biological chemistry High 9873017
1999 CAST (CD3ε-associated signal transducer, later identified as hPAF49/RNA Pol I subunit) was isolated as a novel CD3ε-binding protein. It specifically interacts in vivo and in vitro with CD3ε but not CD3ζ or FcRγ, via a unique membrane-proximal region of CD3ε. CAST contains a single tyrosine that undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation upon TCR stimulation. Dominant-negative CAST constructs (minimum CD3ε-binding domain or tyrosine mutant) strongly suppressed NFAT activation and IL-2 production, indicating CAST transduces activation signals through the CD3ε-containing TCR signaling module. Co-immunoprecipitation (in vivo and in vitro), yeast two-hybrid, dominant-negative overexpression, NFAT-luciferase reporter assay, IL-2 ELISA The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10373416
2006 The human RNA Polymerase I-specific subunit CAST (also called hPAF49, previously identified as CD3ε-associated CAST) was characterized as an integral component of initiation-competent Pol Iβ complexes. CAST/hPAF49 undergoes growth-regulated tyrosine phosphorylation at a conserved residue. It interacts with the activator UBF and weakly with SL1 at the rDNA promoter. CAST/hPAF49-specific antibodies and excess CAST/hPAF49 protein inhibit UBF-activated transcription but not basal Pol I transcription, and disrupt the CAST/hPAF49–UBF interaction, indicating that its interaction with UBF is required for transcriptional activation. Immunoprecipitation, in vitro transcription assay, antibody inhibition, chromatin immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation analysis Molecular and cellular biology Medium 16809778
2008 In Alzheimer's disease neurons, calpastatin (CAST) is markedly depleted through proteolysis mediated by caspase-1, caspase-3, and calpains themselves, creating a feed-forward loop. CAST depletion along dendrites coincides topographically with calpain II and ERK1/2 activation, caspase-3-mediated tau cleavage, and tau/neurofilament hyperphosphorylation. In mice, intrahippocampal kainic acid administration reproduced these changes and caused cytoskeletal proteolysis and neuronal death; these effects were substantially reduced in mice overexpressing human CAST. shRNA-mediated CAST reduction in neuronal cells caused calpain-mediated death at calcium-injury levels sublethal to CAST-expressing cells. Immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry of AD brain, intrahippocampal kainic acid mouse model, transgenic CAST overexpression, shRNA knockdown in neuronal cells, cell death assays (propidium iodide, LDH) The Journal of neuroscience High 19020018
2018 Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) interacts with calpastatin (CAST) and regulates CAST activity, thereby modulating CAST/calpain2-mediated necrosis in retinal neurons under glutamate excitotoxicity. Co-IP and computer simulation confirmed Pin1–CAST binding. Juglone (Pin1 inhibitor) reduced CAST phosphorylation and shifted CAST/calpain2 balance to decrease necrosis; siRNA knockdown of Pin1 in RGC-5 cells confirmed the regulatory pathway. In vivo, Pin1 inhibition protected retinal ganglion cells from glutamate-induced damage. Co-immunoprecipitation, computer simulation (docking), western blot, real-time qPCR, siRNA knockdown, flow cytometry, propidium iodide staining, LDH assay, flash electroretinogram Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Medium 29403356
2019 A homozygous nonsense mutation in CAST (c.544G>T, p.Glu182*) causes PLACK syndrome (peeling skin, leukonychia, acral keratoses, cheilitis, knuckle pads). Real-time qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis of skin fibroblasts from affected individuals showed reduced calpastatin expression, and in vitro calpastatin activity assays demonstrated decreased inhibitory activity, establishing loss of calpastatin function as the causative mechanism. Whole exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing validation, real-time qRT-PCR, immunoblot, in vitro calpastatin activity assay Cell and tissue research High 31392520
2013 Genetic association analysis mapped a CAST gene SNP (rs4434401) to keratoconus susceptibility in both familial and case-control cohorts (combined meta P=0.002), with in silico analysis suggesting differential regulation of the calpain/calpastatin system in cornea as a potential functional mechanism underlying the association. SNP genotyping, generalized estimating equation models in family cohort, logistic regression in case-control cohort, in silico expression analysis Cornea Low 23449483

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell 2861 17081983
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2004 Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1159 15302935
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2015 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances. Cell 1015 26496610
2010 A genome-wide association study identifies new psoriasis susceptibility loci and an interaction between HLA-C and ERAP1. Nature genetics 843 20953190
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2000 DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. Genome research 815 11076863
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2005 Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. Genome research 409 16344560
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
1996 Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. Genome research 401 8889548
2009 Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence. Archives of general psychiatry 301 19581569
2017 Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies HNRNPL as a prostate cancer dependency regulating RNA splicing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 282 28611215
2012 A high-throughput approach for measuring temporal changes in the interactome. Nature methods 273 22863883
1989 Intracellular regulatory system involving calpain and calpastatin. Biochemistry international 266 2548504
2008 Calcium-bound structure of calpain and its mechanism of inhibition by calpastatin. Nature 264 19020623
2000 Integrin signalling: a new Cas(t) of characters enters the stage. Trends in cell biology 258 10675905
2002 Cast: a novel protein of the cytomatrix at the active zone of synapses that forms a ternary complex with RIM1 and munc13-1. The Journal of cell biology 239 12163476
2017 Optimized fragmentation schemes and data analysis strategies for proteome-wide cross-link identification. Nature communications 221 28524877
1998 Caspase-mediated fragmentation of calpain inhibitor protein calpastatin during apoptosis. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 217 9705209
1999 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducible IkappaBalpha proteolysis mediated by cytosolic m-calpain. A mechanism parallel to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for nuclear factor-kappab activation. The Journal of biological chemistry 213 9873017
2015 ∆F508 CFTR interactome remodelling promotes rescue of cystic fibrosis. Nature 209 26618866
2018 An AP-MS- and BioID-compatible MAC-tag enables comprehensive mapping of protein interactions and subcellular localizations. Nature communications 201 29568061
1996 Directing alternative splicing: cast and scenarios. Trends in genetics : TIG 185 8973158
1995 Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). The American journal of cardiology 181 7502998
2009 Receptor for AGE (RAGE) and its ligands-cast into leading roles in diabetes and the inflammatory response. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 180 19189073
2021 Quantitative evaluation of chromosomal rearrangements in gene-edited human stem cells by CAST-Seq. Cell stem cell 166 33626327
2019 MET Inhibitors Promote Liver Tumor Evasion of the Immune Response by Stabilizing PDL1. Gastroenterology 165 30711629
2009 Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip. American journal of human genetics 164 19913121
1992 Pathobiology of cast nephropathy from human Bence Jones proteins. The Journal of clinical investigation 159 1737851
2004 Physical and functional interaction of the active zone proteins, CAST, RIM1, and Bassoon, in neurotransmitter release. The Journal of cell biology 158 14734538
2001 Chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activation: the cast (in order of appearance). Oncogene 157 11420714
2006 Fish cast NETs: neutrophil extracellular traps are released from fish neutrophils. Developmental and comparative immunology 136 17222907
2022 Disentangling the relative importance of T cell responses in COVID-19: leading actors or supporting cast? Nature reviews. Immunology 106 35484322
2004 Surface properties and biocompatibility of solvent-cast poly[-caprolactone] films. Biomaterials 94 15120520
2015 Complex histories of repeated gene flow in Cameroon crater lake cichlids cast doubt on one of the clearest examples of sympatric speciation. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution 89 25929355
2008 Marked calpastatin (CAST) depletion in Alzheimer's disease accelerates cytoskeleton disruption and neurodegeneration: neuroprotection by CAST overexpression. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 88 19020018
2011 Calcium channels link the muscle-derived synapse organizer laminin β2 to Bassoon and CAST/Erc2 to organize presynaptic active zones. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 86 21228161
2004 NF-kappaB signaling in lymphocytes: a new cast of characters. Journal of cell science 81 14657271
2021 Excellent Specific Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Anisotropic Freeze-Cast Native and Carbonized Bacterial Cellulose-Alginate Foams. Advanced functional materials 80 37476032
2015 Robust Axonal Regeneration Occurs in the Injured CAST/Ei Mouse CNS. Neuron 79 26004914
1990 New data on excisions of Mu from E. coli MCS2 cast doubt on directed mutation hypothesis. Nature 77 2407962
2011 CAST AWAY, a membrane-associated receptor-like kinase, inhibits organ abscission in Arabidopsis. Plant physiology 73 21628627
2011 Cancer stromal targeting (CAST) therapy. Advanced drug delivery reviews 72 22212902
2020 Clinicopathologic predictors of renal outcomes in light chain cast nephropathy: a multicenter retrospective study. Blood 71 32160635
2017 Bovine Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Cast Neutrophil Extracellular Traps against the Abortive Parasite Neospora caninum. Frontiers in immunology 68 28611772
2007 In HIV-1 pathogenesis the die is cast during primary infection. AIDS (London, England) 67 17148962
2010 CAST and ELKS proteins: structural and functional determinants of the presynaptic active zone. Journal of biochemistry 64 20581014
1998 Apparent pore size of polyacrylamide gels: comparison of gels cast and run in Tris-acetate-EDTA and Tris-borate-EDTA buffers. Electrophoresis 59 9719523
2011 Assessment of DNA damage in coal open-cast mining workers using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test and the comet assay. The Science of the total environment 58 21215992
1997 Psychological factors and survival in the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial (CAST): a reexamination. American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses 58 9172848
2008 Urinary sediment cast scoring index for acute kidney injury: a pilot study. Nephron. Clinical practice 57 18953176
2015 Dogs cast NETs too: Canine neutrophil extracellular traps in health and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 46 26574161
2005 Rapamycin worsens renal function and intratubular cast formation in protein overload nephropathy. Kidney international 45 16316336
2003 Quantitative trait loci that determine lipoprotein cholesterol levels in DBA/2J and CAST/Ei inbred mice. Journal of lipid research 44 12588951
2010 Impact of viral-mediated IGF-I gene transfer on skeletal muscle following cast immobilization. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 43 20739512
2008 Prion proteostasis: Hsp104 meets its supporting cast. Prion 42 19242125
1999 CAST, a novel CD3epsilon-binding protein transducing activation signal for interleukin-2 production in T cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 10373416
2015 Peptidyl-prolyl isomerases: a full cast of critical actors in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular research 41 25750190
2002 Automated image analysis and in situ hybridization as tools to study bacterial populations in food resources, gut and cast of Lumbricus terrestris L. Journal of microbiological methods 41 11733082
2006 Active zone protein CAST is a component of conventional and ribbon synapses in mouse retina. The Journal of comparative neurology 40 16485285
2016 Paraprotein-Related Kidney Disease: Evaluation and Treatment of Myeloma Cast Nephropathy. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 39 27526708
2015 Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibrous mats, hydrogels and cast films: novel anti-bacterial wound dressing matrices. Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine 39 25716023
2001 Role of polymeric Tamm-Horsfall protein in cast formation: oligosaccharide and tubular fluid ions. Kidney international 39 11231348
2018 Myeloma light chain cast nephropathy, a review. Journal of nephrology 38 29730782
2006 RNA polymerase I-specific subunit CAST/hPAF49 has a role in the activation of transcription by upstream binding factor. Molecular and cellular biology 35 16809778
1995 Corrosion cast demonstration of retinal vasculature of normal Wistar-Kyoto rats. Acta anatomica 34 8659253
2022 Pollen-pistil interactions: It takes two to tangle but a molecular cast of many to deliver. Current opinion in plant biology 33 36029655
2013 An association between the calpastatin (CAST) gene and keratoconus. Cornea 33 23449483
2005 The physical properties and response of osteoblasts to solution cast films of PLGA doped polycaprolactone. Biomaterials 33 15935466
1988 Myeloma cast nephropathy: immunohistochemical and lectin studies. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 33 2467287
2004 Osteoblast responses to tape-cast and sintered bioactive glass ceramics. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A 32 15162403
2011 Somatic gonadal cells: the supporting cast for the germline. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 31 21735540
2006 ELKS, a protein structurally related to the active zone protein CAST, is involved in Ca2+-dependent exocytosis from PC12 cells. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 31 16716196
2018 Anisotropic freeze-cast collagen scaffolds for tissue regeneration: How processing conditions affect structure and properties in the dry and fully hydrated states. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 30 30399564
2013 Association of polymorphisms at DGAT1, leptin, SCD1, CAPN1 and CAST genes with color, marbling and water holding capacity in meat from beef cattle populations in Sweden. Meat science 30 23501244
2018 Pin1 Promotes Regulated Necrosis Induced by Glutamate in Rat Retinal Neurons via CAST/Calpain2 Pathway. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 29 29403356
2016 Polymorphisms in metabolism and repair genes affects DNA damage caused by open-cast coal mining exposure. Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis 29 27637484
2015 Competitive allele-specific TaqMan PCR (Cast-PCR) is a sensitive, specific and fast method for BRAF V600 mutation detection in Melanoma patients. Scientific reports 29 26690267
2006 Players in the PARP-1 cell-death pathway: JNK1 joins the cast. Trends in biochemical sciences 29 16679020
2003 The cast of molecular characters in Parkinson's disease: felons, conspirators, and suspects. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 29 12846976
2018 Oxidative Stress Contributes to Fracture/Cast-Induced Inflammation and Pain in a Rat Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. The journal of pain 28 29715519
2017 Aggregation of zein in aqueous ethanol dispersions: Effect on cast film properties. International journal of biological macromolecules 27 28811202
2013 Immobilization-induced hypersensitivity associated with spinal cord sensitization during cast immobilization and after cast removal in rats. The journal of physiological sciences : JPS 27 23818166
2013 CAST-ChIP maps cell-type-specific chromatin states in the Drosophila central nervous system. Cell reports 27 24095734
2023 T-CAST: An optimized CAST-Seq pipeline for TALEN confirms superior safety and efficacy of obligate-heterodimeric scaffolds. Frontiers in genome editing 25 36890979
2022 Bile Cast Nephropathy: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 25 35505725
2015 Functional studies cast light on receptor states. Trends in pharmacological sciences 25 26123416
2019 Cast immobilization of hindlimb upregulates sarcolipin expression in atrophied skeletal muscles and increases thermogenesis in C57BL/6J mice. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 24 31433681
2018 Time-course study of macrophage infiltration and inflammation in cast immobilization-induced atrophied muscle of mice. Muscle & nerve 24 29315666
2010 Management options for cast nephropathy in multiple myeloma. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension 24 20827195
2023 T cells: an emerging cast of roles in bipolar disorder. Translational psychiatry 22 37156764
2020 Presynaptic development is controlled by the core active zone proteins CAST/ELKS. The Journal of physiology 22 32304329
2020 An Eclectic Cast of Cellular Actors Orchestrates Innate Immune Responses in the Mechanisms Driving Obesity and Metabolic Perturbation. Circulation research 21 32437306
2005 Multiple genetic loci from CAST/EiJ chromosome 1 affect vBMD either positively or negatively in a C57BL/6J background. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 21 16355278
1986 The biocompatibility of solution cast and acetone-extracted cast Biomer. Journal of biomedical materials research 21 3722215
2016 SAD-B Phosphorylation of CAST Controls Active Zone Vesicle Recycling for Synaptic Depression. Cell reports 19 27626661
2021 Axonal Injuries Cast Long Shadows: Long Term Glial Activation in Injured and Contralateral Retinas after Unilateral Axotomy. International journal of molecular sciences 17 34445225
2013 A new single nucleotide polymorphism in the calpastatin (CAST) gene associated with beef tenderness. Meat science 17 24200570
2022 Wear Resistance and Biocompatibility of Co-Cr Dental Alloys Fabricated with CAST and SLM Techniques. Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 16 35591597
2019 The influence of polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing and DNA repair genes in DNA damage, telomere length and global DNA methylation evaluated in open-cast coal mining workers. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 16 31787382
2016 The active zone protein CAST regulates synaptic vesicle recycling and quantal size in the mouse hippocampus. The European journal of neuroscience 16 27422015
2013 Are the B cells cast with the leading part in the Sjogren's syndrome scenario? Oral diseases 16 23837848
2007 The active zone protein CAST directly associates with Ligand-of-Numb protein X. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 17257582
2004 JTE-522, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, interferes with the growth of lung metastases from colorectal cancer in rats due to inhibition of neovascularization: a vascular cast model study. International journal of cancer 15 15386343
2015 Clinical pathway for early discharge after complete primary repair of exstrophy and epispadias by using a spica cast. Journal of pediatric urology 14 25982019
2007 Detecting novel bone density and bone size quantitative trait loci using a cross of MRL/MpJ and CAST/EiJ inbred mice. Calcified tissue international 14 17308992
2023 CRISPR-Cas12a test strip (CRISPR/CAST) package: In-situ detection of Brucella from infected livestock. BMC veterinary research 13 37833763
2017 CAST: Its molecular structure and phosphorylation-dependent regulation of presynaptic plasticity. Neuroscience research 13 29275163
2015 Investigation of a solvent-cast organogel to form a liquid-gel microinterface array for electrochemical detection of lysozyme. Analytica chimica acta 13 26398420
2014 Identification of PRL1 as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer by the Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap (CAST) method. Urologic oncology 13 24968948
2018 Effects of polymorphisms in CAPN1 and CAST genes on meat tenderness of Chinese Simmental cattle. Archives animal breeding 12 32175450
1995 Engineering the right membranes for electrodes at the biological interface; solvent cast and electropolymerised. Biosensors & bioelectronics 12 7734119
2024 Genome editing using CRISPR, CAST, and Fanzor systems. Molecules and cells 11 38909984
2022 In vitro and in vivo assessment of squeeze-cast Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloys for biomedical applications. Acta biomaterialia 11 35914693
2019 One week, but not 12 hours, of cast immobilization alters promotor DNA methylation patterns in the nNOS gene in mouse skeletal muscle. The Journal of physiology 11 31490543
2005 Quality control: another player joins the ERAD cast. Current biology : CB 11 16332527
1993 Topography of short portal vessels in the rat pituitary gland: a scanning electron-microscopic and morphometric study of corrosion cast replicas. Cell and tissue research 11 8481959
2022 Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CAPN, CAST, LEP, GH, and IGF-1 genes with growth parameters and ultrasound characteristics of the Longissimus dorsi muscle in Colombian hair sheep. Tropical animal health and production 10 35088174
2021 Fibrin airway cast obstruction: Experience, classification, and treatment guideline from Denver. Pediatric pulmonology 10 34713989
2019 A novel homozygous nonsense mutation in CAST associated with PLACK syndrome. Cell and tissue research 10 31392520
2014 Treatment of acute kidney injury with cast nephropathy. Clinical nephrology 10 24725380
2012 Association of CAST gene polymorphisms with carcass and meat quality traits in Yanbian cattle of China. Molecular biology reports 10 23086304