Affinage

CASR

Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor · UniProt P41180

Length
1078 aa
Mass
120.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 32 papers cited in narrative 32 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CASR encodes a family C G protein-coupled receptor that serves as the principal sensor of extracellular calcium, coupling small changes in [Ca2+]o through Gq/11, Gi/o, and G12/13 to PTH secretion, renal cation handling, and calcitonin release (PMID:11013439, PMID:23856262). Its extracellular bi-lobed Venus Flytrap domain binds Ca2+ and transduces activation through a nine-cysteine linker to the seven-transmembrane domain, conferring high cooperativity and ligand-biased responses to agonists such as Sr2+ and modulators including L-amino acids and cinacalcet (PMID:23856262, PMID:23856260). Beyond regulating PTH, CaSR directly defends against hypercalcemia by stimulating calcitonin secretion and renal Ca2+ clearance, and governs Mg2+ homeostasis, independently of PTH (PMID:19797241, PMID:23360827); in the renal tubule it inhibits PTH-driven Ca2+ absorption and regulates NKCC2 in the thick ascending limb, suppresses AQP2 via p38-MAPK/ubiquitination and miR-137, and drives ADAM10-mediated shedding of soluble Klotho in the distal convoluted tubule (PMID:18982348, PMID:29212817, PMID:34551996). Intracellularly, CaSR organizes compartmentalized signaling through scaffold interactions with filamin-A, caveolin-1, and Homer1, the latter recruiting mTORC2 to phosphorylate AKT-Ser473 and stabilize beta-catenin during osteoblast differentiation (PMID:23856262, PMID:22453940, PMID:31527082); agonist-driven anterograde trafficking sets steady-state plasma-membrane receptor levels, and filamin-A supports CaSR expression and ERK signaling (PMID:23077345, PMID:27872158). Through these effectors CaSR controls tissue-specific outcomes spanning skeletal and chondrocyte development (PMID:18765830, PMID:30496623), intestinal hormone secretion, barrier integrity, and epithelial growth via Wnt5a/Ror2 and Rac1/PLC-gamma1 (PMID:23856267, PMID:34745120, PMID:38167726), pancreatic alpha-cell proliferation via Gq/ERK and mTORC1 (PMID:36646689), macrophage polarization through TRPV4 (PMID:36606511), and neuroprotection via functional antagonism of GABABR1 (PMID:25540800). Loss-of-function mutations cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, while gain-of-function mutations cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (PMID:11013439). In sporadic parathyroid adenomas, CaSR is silenced through promoter-2 hypermethylation and H3K9me3 (PMID:32609827).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 21 steps
  1. 2000 High

    Establishing CaSR as a parathyroid/kidney calcium-sensing GPCR whose dose of function maps to distinct mineral disorders defined its core physiological role.

    Evidence Mutational analysis with genotype-phenotype correlation and functional variant characterization

    PMID:11013439

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve the downstream signaling effectors mediating PTH suppression versus renal handling
    • Structural basis of activation not defined
  2. 2000 High

    Identifying dual CASR promoters and showing selective silencing of the upstream promoter in parathyroid adenomas connected receptor transcriptional control to tumorigenesis.

    Evidence Genomic cloning and Northern blot of adenoma versus normal parathyroid tissue

    PMID:10713061

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of promoter silencing not yet identified
    • Functional consequence on Ca2+ sensing in tumors not measured
  3. 2008 High

    Tissue-specific knockouts demonstrated nonredundant CaSR roles in early embryogenesis and skeletal development beyond mineral homeostasis.

    Evidence Conditional Cre-lox Casr knockouts in parathyroid, bone, and chondrocytes with developmental phenotyping

    PMID:18765830

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling effectors driving chondrocyte/osteoblast phenotypes not defined here
    • Embryonic lethality mechanism unresolved
  4. 2009 High

    Genetic epistasis with PTH-null mice separated CaSR's PTH-independent defense against hypercalcemia via renal clearance and calcitonin from its PTH-regulating role.

    Evidence CaSR/PTH single and double knockout mice with hypercalcemic challenge and serum/urinary measurements

    PMID:19797241

    Open questions at the time
    • Renal transport molecules mediating CaSR-dependent Ca2+ clearance not identified
    • Calcitonin cell signaling pathway not dissected
  5. 2013 High

    Genetic dissection extended CaSR's PTH-independent role to magnesium homeostasis and Mg-stimulated calcitonin secretion.

    Evidence PTH-KO and CaSR/PTH double-KO mice with Mg loading and serum measurements

    PMID:23360827

    Open questions at the time
    • Renal Mg transporters downstream of CaSR not specified
    • Tissue site of Mg sensing not localized
  6. 2012 High

    Defining agonist-driven anterograde trafficking and demonstrating that WT receptor rescues mutant trafficking via shared intracellular Ca2+ signaling clarified how membrane receptor levels are set and how dominant mutations behave.

    Evidence Chimeric CaSR reporters with simultaneous membrane and Ca2+ imaging and WT/mutant co-expression rescue

    PMID:23077345

    Open questions at the time
    • Trafficking machinery and adaptors not identified
    • Generality across all FHH/NSHPT mutant classes untested
  7. 2012 Medium

    Cataloguing filamin-A and caveolin-1 as scaffold partners established that CaSR signaling is compartmentally organized.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation and signaling analysis synthesized in review

    PMID:22453940

    Open questions at the time
    • Review without primary data
    • Stoichiometry and structural basis of scaffolds not defined
  8. 2013 Medium

    Synthesis of pharmacology defined CaSR's tripartite G-protein coupling, biased agonism, resistance to desensitization, and VFT/cysteine-rich/7TM domain architecture, framing the receptor as a multi-output signaling hub.

    Evidence Review integrating signaling and structural/promoter data

    PMID:23856260 PMID:23856262

    Open questions at the time
    • Reviews without new primary data
    • Quantitative bias factors and structural mechanism of biased signaling not resolved
  9. 2013 Medium

    Multiple tissue studies placed CaSR upstream of distinct effector pathways: TAL Ca2+ transport/NKCC2, intestinal Wnt5a/Ror2 control of epithelial growth, TGFbeta receptor expression, and osteoblast PLC-gamma-driven bone formation.

    Evidence Renal tubule disruption, global/colonic CaSR KO mice with cell culture epistasis, shRNA knockdown, and osteoblast/ankylosing spondylitis models

    PMID:18982348 PMID:23639611 PMID:23856267 PMID:33259138

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical links between CaSR and these effectors not all established
    • Mostly single-lab pathway placements
  10. 2014 Medium

    Pharmacological and reconstitution studies tied extracellular Ca2+/CaSR signaling to mesenchymal/osteoblast differentiation and to cross-regulation of the zinc receptor ZnR/GPR39.

    Evidence CaSR blockade in rBMSCs with differentiation assays; CaSR siRNA/dominant-negative and GPR39 co-expression in HEK293 with Ca2+ imaging

    PMID:24264723 PMID:24525034

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct receptor cross-talk mechanism with GPR39 not structurally defined
    • In vivo relevance of GPR39 interplay not tested
  11. 2014 High

    Genetic and pharmacological epistasis revealed a heteromeric CaSR-GABABR1 complex in neurons in which CaSR antagonism is neuroprotective by restoring GABABR1, establishing functional receptor antagonism in ischemia.

    Evidence Neuron-specific Casr and Gabbr1 KO mice, forebrain ischemia, calcilytics +/- baclofen, behavioral testing

    PMID:25540800

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular interface of the heteromer not mapped
    • Signaling consequences of complex formation not fully resolved
  12. 2015 Medium

    Domain-mapping and ligand studies localized CaSR's ERK1/2-driving region to residues 877-907 (distinct from filamin-A binding) and demonstrated CaSR/ERK-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of L-tryptophan via beta-arrestin2.

    Evidence CaSR deletion mutants in sympathetic neurons with ERK inhibition; Caco-2/HT-29 cells with NPS-2143 and signaling readouts

    PMID:26200251 PMID:26551350

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct effector binding to the 877-907 region not identified
    • beta-arrestin2 recruitment mechanism not structurally defined
  13. 2016 Medium

    Filamin-A was shown to be required for CaSR expression, membrane localization, and ERK signaling, and CaSR-specific signaling in esophageal epithelium (ERK, PI-PLC Ca2+ mobilization, IL-8) was established by knockdown specificity.

    Evidence FLNA siRNA in HEK293 with adenoma correlation; CaSR siRNA in HET-1A cells with U73122 and multiple readouts

    PMID:17962359 PMID:27872158

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which FLNA stabilizes CaSR transcript/protein not defined
    • In vivo relevance of esophageal CaSR signaling untested
  14. 2018 High

    Renal collecting-duct studies identified two parallel CaSR mechanisms suppressing AQP2 (p38-MAPK/Ser261 phosphorylation/ubiquitination and miR-137), linking CaSR to water handling.

    Evidence Pendrin/NCC double-KO mice with calcilytic NPS2143, AQP2 Western blot, and miRNA quantification

    PMID:29212817

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream coupling of CaSR to p38 and miR-137 induction not detailed
    • Relative contribution of the two arms not quantified
  15. 2019 High

    The Homer1 scaffold was shown to bridge CaSR to mTORC2-dependent AKT-Ser473 phosphorylation, beta-catenin stabilization, and osteoblast differentiation, providing a reconstituted mechanistic chain.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP in human osteoblasts, siRNA loss-of-function, and HEK-293 Homer1c/CaSR co-transfection reconstitution

    PMID:31527082

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the CaSR-Homer1-mTORC2 assembly not solved
    • In vivo bone phenotype of disrupting this axis not tested
  16. 2019 Medium

    Additional effector branches were defined: biomechanical-stress-induced ER localization driving chondrocyte terminal differentiation, PKCdelta/ER-stress cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and TRPV4-coupled M1 macrophage polarization.

    Evidence Chondrocyte-specific Casr KO with shear-stress and OA models; rat cardiac I/R with rottlerin; TRPV4 KO macrophages with pathway inhibitors

    PMID:30496623 PMID:31257458 PMID:36606511

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of CaSR relocalization to ER not defined
    • Direct CaSR-TRPV4 coupling versus indirect lipid signaling not fully separated
  17. 2020 High

    Epigenetic profiling established promoter-2 hypermethylation and H3K9me3 as mechanisms silencing CaSR in sporadic parathyroid adenomas, with demethylase rescue restoring expression.

    Evidence Bisulphite sequencing, ChIP-qPCR, and 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine treatment in adenomas and a parathyroid cell line

    PMID:32609827

    Open questions at the time
    • Trigger initiating CaSR promoter methylation unknown
    • Whether silencing is cause or consequence of tumorigenesis not resolved
  18. 2021 High

    CaSR was placed in renal sKlotho regulation and in cancer secretory signaling: it drives ADAM10-mediated Klotho shedding in the DCT and Rab27B-dependent cytokine secretion in breast cancer cells.

    Evidence Tubule-specific CaSR KO mice with ADAM10 inhibitor/siRNA and co-localization; breast cancer lines with PI3K/PKA/mTOR inhibitors and MADD identification

    PMID:33845096 PMID:34551996

    Open questions at the time
    • How CaSR activates ADAM10 mechanistically not defined
    • Cancer-cell-selectivity of the Rab27B pathway not mechanistically explained
  19. 2021 Medium

    CaSR/Rac1/PLC-gamma1 signaling was defined as the pathway by which tryptophan enhances intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and migration.

    Evidence IPEC-J2 cells with CaSR overexpression/inhibitor and Rac1/PLC-gamma1 siRNA, TEER and permeability assays

    PMID:34745120

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CaSR-Rac1 coupling intermediary (GEF) not identified
    • Single cell-line, in vivo validation lacking
  20. 2023 High

    G-protein-selective dissection showed CaSR drives pancreatic alpha-cell proliferation via Gq/ERK and mTORC1 during hyperaminoacidemia, with Gq+mTORC1 coactivation sufficient.

    Evidence Mouse islets and glucagon-receptor-deficient zebrafish with CaSR loss/rescue and Gq-versus-Gi dissection

    PMID:36646689

    Open questions at the time
    • How CaSR selectively engages Gq over Gi in alpha cells not explained
    • Link between Gq/ERK and mTORC1 activation not fully mapped
  21. 2024 High

    Segment-specific intestinal studies defined CaSR as a casein/amino-acid sensor controlling incretin and satiety hormone release and glucose tolerance, with high-fat diet impairing ileal CaSR sensing.

    Evidence Upper-intestine and ileum casein infusion in rats with CaSR inhibition, gut hormone measurements, and feeding/glucose-tolerance assays

    PMID:38167726

    Open questions at the time
    • Enteroendocrine cell-intrinsic signaling downstream of CaSR not dissected
    • Mechanism of HFD-induced CaSR downregulation unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • A unified structural and quantitative model of how a single calcium-sensing receptor selects among Gq/11, Gi/o, G12/13, and arrestin outputs and among distinct scaffolds to produce tissue-specific outcomes remains unresolved.
  • No structural model linking ligand bias to G-protein/scaffold selection
  • Tissue-specific determinants of effector choice not defined
  • In vivo relevance of many single-lab effector pathways untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140299 molecular sensor activity 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3
Localization
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3
Partners
ADAM10CAV1FLNAGABBR1GPR39HOMER1TRPV4
Complex memberships
CaSR-GABABR1 heteromerCaSR-Homer1-mTORC2 complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 32 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 CASR encodes a plasma membrane G protein-coupled receptor expressed in parathyroid chief cells and kidney tubule cells that senses small changes in extracellular calcium concentration and couples this to intracellular signaling pathways modifying PTH secretion or renal cation handling. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH); homozygous mutations cause neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT); gain-of-function mutations cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH). Mutational analysis of CASR gene combined with clinical phenotype/genotype correlation; functional characterization of disease-causing variants Human mutation High 11013439
2008 Tissue-specific deletion of Casr in parathyroid gland or bone caused profound bone defects; deletion in chondrocytes caused embryonic death before E13; inducible chondrocyte-specific deletion between E16-E18 resulted in delayed growth plate development, demonstrating a nonredundant role for CaSR in early embryogenesis and skeletal development. Conditional/tissue-specific Casr knockout mice (Cre-lox); histological and developmental phenotypic analysis Science signaling High 18765830
2009 CaSR defends against hypercalcemia independently of its regulation of PTH secretion: CaSR-null/PTH-null double knockout mice showed increased susceptibility to hypercalcemia and reduced renal Ca2+ clearance compared to PTH-null alone mice, demonstrating a direct role of CaSR in regulating renal Ca2+ handling and stimulating calcitonin secretion during hypercalcemia. Single and double knockout mouse models (CaSR-/-, PTH-/-, CaSR-/-/PTH-/- double KO); hypercalcemic challenge experiments; serum calcitonin and urinary Ca measurements American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism High 19797241
2013 CaSR controls heterotrimeric G-proteins Gq/11, Gi/o, and G12/13 and their downstream signaling consequences. CaSR forms specific signaling scaffolds via peptide recognition sequences in its intracellular C-terminal tail, and interacts with filamin-A and caveolin-1 as scaffold partners. CaSR exhibits high cooperativity for Ca2+o and resistance to desensitization, and mediates both oscillatory and sustained Ca2+i mobilizing responses as well as context-dependent inhibition or elevation of cAMP. Ligand-biased signaling was identified for agonists including Sr2+ and modulators including L-amino acids and cinacalcet. Pharmacological and signaling pathway analyses; review integrating biochemical signaling data Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism Medium 23856262
2013 The human CASR gene has two promoters (P1 and P2) driving transcription of exons 1A and 1B respectively, with alternative 5'-UTRs splicing to exon 2. Functional elements responsive to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, proinflammatory cytokines, and glial cells missing-2 (GCM2) are present in CASR promoters. The extracellular domain has a bi-lobed Venus Flytrap (VFT) domain with several Ca2+-binding sites, and a nine-cysteines domain that transduces activation to the 7-transmembrane domain. Genomic cloning, structural analysis, promoter reporter assays Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism Medium 23856260
2000 The human CaSR gene has two promoters and two 5'-untranslated exons (1A and 1B); alternative usage of these exons produces multiple CaSR mRNAs. The upstream promoter (driving exon 1A) is specifically reduced in parathyroid adenomas compared to normal glands, while exon 1B expression is unchanged, indicating selective transcriptional silencing of one promoter in parathyroid tumorigenesis. Genomic library screening, promoter cloning, Northern blot analysis of parathyroid adenoma vs. normal tissue The Journal of biological chemistry High 10713061
2008 CaSR activation in the thick ascending limb (TAL) inhibits cellular Ca2+ absorption induced by PTH as well as passive paracellular Ca2+ transport; CaSR also regulates the apical Na+:K+:2Cl- co-transporter (NKCC2) and disruption of CaSR function results in Bartter syndrome. Genetic and pharmacological disruption in renal tubule models; review of molecular physiology Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology Medium 18982348
2012 CaSR interacts with filamin-A and caveolin-1 as scaffold partners that organize CaSR signaling compartmentally. CaSR links to various heterotrimeric and small molecular weight G proteins to regulate intracellular second messengers, lipid kinases, various protein kinases, and transcription factors. Co-immunoprecipitation and signaling pathway analysis; review of established binding partners Advances in experimental medicine and biology Medium 22453940
2013 CaSR activation in intestinal myofibroblasts stimulates secretion of Wnt5a, which engages its receptor Ror2 on overlying epithelial cells to promote differentiation and reduce TNFR1 expression. CaSR activators also inhibit Cl- secretion and stimulate Na+ absorption. Colonic CaSR KO mice show increased proliferation with increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling, demonstrating that CaSR negatively modulates colonic epithelial growth. Transgenic and global CaSR knockout mice; cell culture models; paracrine signaling assays Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism Medium 23856267
2014 Extracellular calcium induces rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell migration, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation (upregulation of ALP, bone sialoprotein, collagen Ia1, osteocalcin) in a CaSR-dependent manner; CaSR blockage inhibited all these cellular responses to high [Ca2+]o. CaSR pharmacological blockade; RT-PCR; immunofluorescence; functional ALP activity and mineralization assays in rBMSCs Acta biomaterialia Medium 24525034
2014 CaSR forms a heteromeric complex with the inhibitory GABA-B receptor 1 (GABABR1) in hippocampal neurons. Ischemia causes CaSR overexpression and GABABR1 downregulation. Genetic ablation of Casr or CaSR antagonism provided neuroprotection partly by restoring GABABR1 expression; concurrent ablation of Gabbr1 blocked this neuroprotection, demonstrating functional antagonism between the two receptors. Neuron-specific Casr and Gabbr1 knockout mice; forebrain ischemia model; pharmacological CaSR inhibition (calcilytics) ± GABABR1 agonist (baclofen); behavioral memory assessment Annals of clinical and translational neurology High 25540800
2013 CaSR activates signaling through PLCγ in osteoblasts to promote bone formation; inflammatory cytokines upregulate CaSR expression through NF-κB/p65 and JAK/Stat3 pathways in osteoblasts, and CaSR-PLCγ signaling mediates pathological new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis. In vitro CaSR activation/inhibition in osteoblasts; animal models of ankylosing spondylitis; CaSR antagonist treatment; in vivo bone formation assays EMBO molecular medicine Medium 33259138
2018 CaSR signaling in the renal collecting duct reduces AQP2 abundance via two mechanisms: (1) activation of p38-MAPK leading to AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser261, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation; and (2) upregulation of AQP2-targeting miRNA-137. CaSR inhibition with calcilytic NPS2143 reversed these effects in pendrin/NaCl cotransporter double-KO mice. Pendrin/NaCl cotransporter double-KO mouse model; calcilytic treatment; Western blot for AQP2 phosphorylation and ubiquitination; miRNA quantification FASEB journal High 29212817
2015 CaSR-dependent ERK1/2 activation promotes axon growth in embryonic sympathetic neurons. The region between alanine 877 and glycine 907 of the CaSR cytoplasmic tail is required for ERK1/2 activation and axon growth promotion, distinct from the high-affinity filamin-A binding site. Cultured embryonic sympathetic neurons; CaSR deletion mutants; pharmacological ERK inhibition; axon growth measurement Neuroscience letters Medium 26200251
2019 Homer1 scaffolding protein associates with CaSR in primary human osteoblasts (confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation). The CaSR-Homer1 complex, whose formation increases in response to extracellular Ca2+, binds mTORC2, which phosphorylates and activates AKT at Ser473. Both CaSR and Homer1 are required for extracellular Ca2+-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, inhibition of apoptosis, and AKT-dependent β-catenin stabilization and osteoblast differentiation. Co-transfection of both Homer1c and CaSR (but neither alone) in HEK-293 cells recapitulated Ca2+-sensitive AKT-Ser473 phosphorylation. Co-immunoprecipitation in primary human osteoblasts; siRNA knockdown; HEK-293 co-transfection reconstitution; Western blot for AKT phosphorylation and β-catenin The Journal of biological chemistry High 31527082
2012 CaSR plasma membrane trafficking is driven by CaSR signaling itself: agonist-driven anterograde CaSR trafficking establishes a new steady-state plasma membrane level. FHH/NSHPT loss-of-function mutations impair both plasma membrane targeting and Ca2+ signaling. Wild-type CaSR rescues mutant trafficking by providing sufficient intracellular Ca2+ signaling; heterodimerization alone (with intracellular Ca2+ oscillations only) was insufficient for rescue. Chimeric CaSR constructs for explicit plasma membrane tracking; simultaneous dynamic monitoring of plasma membrane CaSR levels and intracellular Ca2+; co-expression of WT and mutant CaSRs Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) High 23077345
2019 Biomechanical stress (fluid flow shear stress) increases CaSR expression and causes CaSR localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in chondrocytes, leading to Ca2+ loading and accelerated chondrocyte terminal differentiation. Chondrocyte-specific Casr knockout prevented UAC-induced acceleration of terminal differentiation and matrix degradation in TMJ cartilage; this was replicated pharmacologically with CaSR antagonist NPS2143. ATDC5 cell shear stress model; chondrocyte-specific Casr conditional KO mice; rat UAC osteoarthritis model; CaSR antagonist injection; CaSR knockdown; ER Ca2+ depletion experiments Journal of bone and mineral research High 30496623
2016 Filamin A (FLNA) co-localizes with CaSR in parathyroid adenoma-derived cells and is reduced in parathyroid tumors. FLNA silencing in HEK293 cells reduced CaSR mRNA levels, total and membrane-associated CaSR protein, and CaSR-induced ERK phosphorylation. FLNA expression positively correlates with CaSR expression in parathyroid adenomas. Co-immunoprecipitation/co-localization; FLNA siRNA knockdown in HEK293 cells transfected with CaSR variants; Western blot; correlation analysis in 74 parathyroid adenomas Journal of molecular endocrinology Medium 27872158
2021 The renal CaSR, Klotho, and ADAM10 co-localize on the basolateral membrane of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). CaSR activation by calcimimetics or HCO3- increases sKlotho levels in WT but not tubule-specific CaSR-/- mice. CaSR activation stimulates Klotho shedding via ADAM10 protease, as shown by ADAM10 inhibitor (GI254023X) and siRNA. Tubule-specific CaSR KO mice; calcimimetic and alkali treatment; confocal microscopy for CaSR/Klotho/ADAM10 co-localization; ADAM10 inhibitor and siRNA in cultured cells; sKlotho ELISA Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN High 34551996
2013 CaSR mediates magnesium homeostasis: mice lacking both CaSR and PTH showed greater increases in serum Mg and Ca during Mg loading than PTH-null or WT mice, and CaSR loss abrogated calcitonin secretion in response to Mg loading, demonstrating CaSR's direct role in Mg homeostasis independent of PTH. PTH-KO and CaSR/PTH double-KO mouse models; Mg loading experiments; serum measurements of Mg, Ca, PTH, calcitonin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism High 23360827
2015 CaSR in intestinal epithelial cells mediates anti-inflammatory effects of L-tryptophan: L-Trp reduced TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion and inhibited JNK and IκBα phosphorylation via CaSR activation. The CaSR antagonist NPS-2143 abrogated these effects. β-arrestin2 was found to block TNF-α-induced signaling pathways after CaSR activation by L-Trp. Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines; CaSR antagonist (NPS-2143) treatment; Western blot for JNK and IκBα phosphorylation; IL-8 ELISA Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Medium 26551350
2021 Tryptophan enhances intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and reduces inflammatory responses through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway: CaSR activation by tryptophan increases GTP-Rac1 and p-PLC-γ1; Rac1-siRNA, PLC-γ1-siRNA, or CaSR inhibitor blocked tryptophan's protective effects; CaSR overexpression increased cell migration that was reduced by Rac1 or PLC-γ1 silencing. IPEC-J2 cells; CaSR overexpression and CaSR inhibitor (NPS-2143); Rac1-siRNA and PLC-γ1-siRNA; TEER measurement; FITC-dextran permeability; Western blot Frontiers in immunology Medium 34745120
2023 CaSR activates ERK1/2 in pancreatic α cells via Gq (not Gi) signaling to drive hyperaminoacidemia-induced α cell proliferation. CaSR is also required for mTORC1 activation in α cells. Coactivation of Gq and mTORC1 was sufficient to induce α cell proliferation independent of hyperaminoacidemia. Mouse islets and glucagon receptor-deficient zebrafish; CaSR inactivation and rescue experiments; Gq vs. Gi signaling dissection; ERK1/2 activation assays; mTORC1 pathway analysis Nature communications High 36646689
2019 CaSR activates PKCδ which translocates to the ER to induce ER stress responses and ER stress-associated cardiomyocyte apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion. CaSR activation with GdCl3 increased CaSR, GRP78, Caspase-12, p-JNK, and Caspase-3 expression and increased apoptotic cell ratios; PKCδ inhibitor (rottlerin) reversed these effects. In vivo rat cardiac I/R model; CaSR activator (GdCl3) and PKCδ inhibitor (rottlerin); Western blot for ER stress markers; apoptosis quantification International journal of molecular medicine Medium 31257458
2014 ZnR/GPR39 activity is regulated by the expression and activity of CaSR in prostate and salivary epithelial cells. Co-expression of CaSR and ZnR/GPR39 synergistically enhances Ca2+ responses; CaSR silencing (siRNA or dominant-negative) reduces Zn2+-dependent signaling, while CaSR agonist spermine below threshold enhanced Zn2+-dependent Ca2+ response. CaSR siRNA silencing; dominant-negative CaSR; GPR39 overexpression in HEK293 cells; Ca2+ imaging; pharmacological CaSR activation Journal of cellular physiology Medium 24264723
2020 CaSR promoter 2 hypermethylation and increased H3K9me3 are epigenetic mechanisms that silence CaSR expression in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. Treatment with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (DNA demethylase) restored CaSR expression in a parathyroid cell line. The GCM2 binding site on CaSR promoter 2 showed maximum CpG methylation. Bisulphite sequencing; chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR; 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine treatment; qPCR and IHC in 40 adenomas vs. 10 controls The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism High 32609827
2024 Upper small intestinal CaSR is required for casein infusion to increase glucose tolerance and GLP-1/GIP secretion (in a PepT1-dependent manner). Ileal CaSR (PepT1-independent) is required to lower feeding and increase glucose tolerance with concurrent PYY and GLP-1 release. High-fat diet decreases ileal CaSR expression and disrupts casein sensing on feeding. Upper small intestine and ileum casein infusion in male rats; pharmacological CaSR inhibition; measurement of gut hormones (GLP-1, GIP, PYY); glucose tolerance tests; feeding behavior assays Nature metabolism High 38167726
2019 CaSR activation promotes M1 macrophage polarization by coupling to TRPV4 channels via PLA2/CYP450 and PLC/PKC pathways, leading to Ca2+ entry and upregulation of M1-associated cytokines IL-1β and TNFα. CaSR-induced Ca2+ signaling was significantly attenuated in TRPV4 knockout macrophages. TRPV4 KO mice peritoneal macrophages; pharmacological CaSR and TRPV4 inhibitors; pathway inhibitors (PLA2/CYP450, PLC/PKC); Ca2+ imaging; cytokine measurement Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) Medium 36606511
2021 CaSR promotes Rab27B expression and activates this secretory GTPase via PI3K, PKA, mTOR, and MADD (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor) in breast cancer cells, leading to secretion of cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IP-10, RANTES). This regulatory mechanism occurred in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 but not non-cancerous MCF-10A cells. CaSR stimulation in breast cancer cell lines; PI3K/PKA/mTOR inhibitors; MADD identification; cytokine secretion assays; Rab27B expression analysis Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research Medium 33845096
2013 CaSR expression and function is required for TGFβ receptor expression and cellular responses to TGFβ in human colonic epithelial cells. Knockdown of CaSR abrogated TGFβ-mediated cellular responses and attenuated TGFβ receptor expression; Ca2+ or vitamin D treatment induced CaSR expression with concurrent TGFβ receptor upregulation, but only when CaSR was present. CaSR shRNA knockdown in CBS cells; Ca2+ and vitamin D treatment; TGFβ receptor expression analysis; TGFβ response assays Cell calcium Medium 23639611
2016 CaSR in esophageal epithelial cells (HET-1A line) mediates Ca2+ stimulation of ERK1/2 activation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization via PI-PLC (blocked by U73122), and IL-8 secretion. siRNA knockdown of CaSR attenuated these Ca2+-induced responses while responses to acetylcholine remained sustained, confirming CaSR-specific signal transduction. CaSR siRNA transfection in HET-1A cells; PI-PLC inhibitor U73122; ERK Western blot; intracellular Ca2+ microfluorometry (Fluo-4); IL-8 ELISA American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology High 17962359
2013 CaSR signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) reduces vascular calcification. Calcimimetics (R-568, AMG 641) promote CaSR protein transport from ER to plasma membrane, increase total and surface CaSR expression, decrease matrix collagen secretion, and reduce mineral deposition by ~90% under pro-mineralizing conditions. These effects required CaSR activation as they were blocked by CaSR siRNA but not scrambled siRNA. hVSMC culture with calcimimetics; CaSR siRNA vs. scrambled siRNA; flow cytometry for surface CaSR; Alizarin red mineralization assay; qRT-PCR for phenotype markers Cardiovascular research High 24217682

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a critical modulator of skeletal development. Science signaling 212 18765830
2000 Mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. Human mutation 206 11013439
2013 Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR): pharmacological properties and signaling pathways. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 168 23856262
2013 Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mutations and disorders of calcium, electrolyte and water metabolism. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 104 23856265
2009 The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) defends against hypercalcemia independently of its regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 100 19797241
2014 Extracellular calcium and CaSR drive osteoinduction in mesenchymal stromal cells. Acta biomaterialia 98 24525034
2008 Thick ascending limb: the Na(+):K (+):2Cl (-) co-transporter, NKCC2, and the calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology 95 18982348
2012 Signaling through the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Advances in experimental medicine and biology 77 22453940
2010 Genome-wide meta-analysis for serum calcium identifies significantly associated SNPs near the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene. PLoS genetics 73 20661308
2014 Epithelial CaSR deficiency alters intestinal integrity and promotes proinflammatory immune responses. FEBS letters 72 24842610
2000 Cloning and characterization of two promoters for the human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and changes of CaSR expression in parathyroid adenomas. The Journal of biological chemistry 69 10713061
2013 Calcimimetics increase CaSR expression and reduce mineralization in vascular smooth muscle cells: mechanisms of action. Cardiovascular research 68 24217682
2010 Clinical utility of calcimimetics targeting the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Biochemical pharmacology 58 20382129
2020 Sensing Extracellular Calcium - An Insight into the Structure and Function of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR). Advances in experimental medicine and biology 53 31646544
2017 Calcium intake and risk of colorectal cancer according to expression status of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR). Gut 49 28676564
2015 Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated anti-inflammatory effects of L-amino acids in intestinal epithelial cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 48 26551350
2013 The CASR gene: alternative splicing and transcriptional control, and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) protein: structure and ligand binding sites. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 45 23856260
2015 Interplay between CaSR and PTH1R signaling in skeletal development and osteoanabolism. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 43 26688334
2007 Chromosomal mapping of the genetic basis of hypertension and renal disease in FHH rats. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 43 17898042
2021 Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR), Its Impact on Inflammation and the Consequences on Cardiovascular Health. International journal of molecular sciences 42 33804544
2014 Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) as a novel target for ischemic neuroprotection. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 41 25540800
2021 Tryptophan Ameliorates Barrier Integrity and Alleviates the Inflammatory Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 Through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 Signaling Pathway in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Frontiers in immunology 40 34745120
2014 Zinc-finger nuclease knockout of dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 enhances the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in FHH.1BN rats. PloS one 39 25397684
2013 Role of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in tumorigenesis. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 39 23856272
2020 Neonatal Severe Hyperparathyroidism: Novel Insights From Calcium, PTH, and the CASR Gene. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 36 31778168
2020 Reduced Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Expression Is Epigenetically Deregulated in Parathyroid Adenomas. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 36 32609827
2016 Potential roles for calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) in murine anorectic response to deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin). Archives of toxicology 36 26979077
2019 Prevention of Injury-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rodent Temporomandibular Joint by Targeting Chondrocyte CaSR. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 34 30496623
2019 MCP-1 mediates ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via MCPIP1 and CaSR. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 34 31774703
2016 Structure-CaSR-Activity Relation of Kokumi γ-Glutamyl Peptides. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 34 27477658
2021 Ca2+/Sr2+ Selectivity in Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR): Implications for Strontium's Anti-Osteoporosis Effect. Biomolecules 33 34827574
2014 The ZnR/GPR39 interacts with the CaSR to enhance signaling in prostate and salivary epithelia. Journal of cellular physiology 33 24264723
2013 CaSR function in the intestine: Hormone secretion, electrolyte absorption and secretion, paracrine non-canonical Wnt signaling and colonic crypt cell proliferation. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 33 23856267
2012 Genetic basis of the impaired renal myogenic response in FHH rats. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 33 23220727
2009 Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in human brain's pathophysiology: roles in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 33 19355942
2007 The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) on human esophagus and evidence of expression of the CaSR on the esophageal epithelial cell line (HET-1A). American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 32 17962359
2021 Tryptophan Promotes Intestinal Immune Defense through Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)-Dependent Metabolic Pathways. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 30 34748328
2020 The CaSR in Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer: A New Target for Early Stage Bone Metastases. Frontiers in oncology 30 32117726
2013 The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR, in fetal development. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 29 23856271
2020 Aberrant upregulation of CaSR promotes pathological new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis. EMBO molecular medicine 28 33259138
2009 Roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in renal mineral ion transport. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 27 19355940
2016 Heterozygous inactivating CaSR mutations causing neonatal hyperparathyroidism: function, inheritance and phenotype. European journal of endocrinology 25 27666534
2016 Neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism caused by homozygous mutation in CASR: A rare cause of life-threatening hypercalcemia. European journal of medical genetics 24 26855056
2023 Hyperaminoacidemia induces pancreatic α cell proliferation via synergism between the mTORC1 and CaSR-Gq signaling pathways. Nature communications 23 36646689
2009 Mutation analysis of MEN1, HRPT2, CASR, CDKN1B, and AIP genes in primary hyperparathyroidism patients with features of genetic predisposition. Journal of endocrinological investigation 23 19474519
2002 Transfer of the Rf-1 region from FHH onto the ACI background increases susceptibility to renal impairment. Physiological genomics 23 11875190
2023 Phenylalanine promotes alveolar macrophage pyroptosis via the activation of CaSR in ARDS. Frontiers in immunology 22 37377971
2021 Role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in cancer metastasis to bone: Identifying a potential therapeutic target. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer 22 33640382
2019 Homer1 mediates CaSR-dependent activation of mTOR complex 2 and initiates a novel pathway for AKT-dependent β-catenin stabilization in osteoblasts. The Journal of biological chemistry 22 31527082
2018 CaSR signaling down-regulates AQP2 expression via a novel microRNA pathway in pendrin and NaCl cotransporter knockout mice. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 22 29212817
2018 miR-429 and miR-424-5p inhibit cell proliferation and Ca2+ influx by downregulating CaSR in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 22 30462536
2013 CaSR-mediated interactions between calcium and magnesium homeostasis in mice. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 22 23360827
2009 Identification of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) mRNA-expressing cells in normal and injured rat brain. Brain research 22 19728995
2023 The CaSR/TRPV4 coupling mediates pro-inflammatory macrophage function. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) 21 36606511
2023 Studies Pertaining to the Emerging Cannabinoid Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC). ACS chemical biology 21 37578929
2012 Calcium signaling regulates trafficking of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) mutants of the calcium sensing receptor. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 21 23077345
2019 Renal Ca2+ and Water Handling in Response to Calcium Sensing Receptor Signaling: Physiopathological Aspects and Role of CaSR-Regulated microRNAs. International journal of molecular sciences 20 31717830
2018 Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) promotes development of bone metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 20 29644008
2015 The Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CASR) Regulates Gonadotropins-Induced Meiotic Maturation of Porcine Oocytes. Biology of reproduction 20 26490840
2010 Temporal characterization of the development of renal injury in FHH rats and FHH.1BN congenic strains. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20 21048028
2019 CaSR activates PKCδ to induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis via ER stress‑associated apoptotic pathways during ischemia/reperfusion. International journal of molecular medicine 19 31257458
2018 MiR-27a-5p Increases Steer Fat Deposition Partly by Targeting Calcium-sensing Receptor (CASR). Scientific reports 19 29445089
2021 Physiologic Regulation of Systemic Klotho Levels by Renal CaSR Signaling in Response to CaSR Ligands and pH o. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 18 34551996
2017 Stepwise CaSR, AP2S1, and GNA11 sequencing in patients with suspected familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. Endocrine 18 28176280
2014 Increased trabecular volumetric bone mass density in Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH) type 1: a cross-sectional study. Calcified tissue international 18 24894639
2011 Functional expression of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in equine umbilical cord matrix size-sieved stem cells. PloS one 18 21437284
2011 Identification of rare and frequent variants of the CASR gene by high-resolution melting. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 18 22192860
2023 Quercetin alleviates zearalenone-induced apoptosis and necroptosis of porcine renal epithelial cells by inhibiting CaSR/CaMKII signaling pathway. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 17 37951344
2021 Exosomes Released from CaSR-Stimulated PMNs Reduce Ischaemia/Reperfusion Injury. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 17 33505580
2021 Tryptophan improves porcine intestinal epithelial cell restitution through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway. Food & function 17 34374393
2016 Reduced Expression of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Is Associated with Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) to Promote Vascular Remodeling in the Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension. PloS one 17 27391973
2014 A homozygous CaSR mutation causing a FHH phenotype completely masked by vitamin D deficiency presenting as rickets. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 17 24517148
2024 Molecular regulation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated signaling. Chronic diseases and translational medicine 16 39027195
2022 Disorders of the Calcium Sensing Signaling Pathway: From Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH) to Life Threatening Conditions in Infancy. Journal of clinical medicine 16 35566721
2019 The roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity. Life sciences 16 31874167
2018 MCPIP1-induced autophagy mediates ischemia/reperfusion injury in endothelial cells via HMGB1 and CaSR. Scientific reports 16 29379093
2015 ERK signaling mediates CaSR-promoted axon growth. Neuroscience letters 16 26200251
2024 Small intestinal CaSR-dependent and CaSR-independent protein sensing regulates feeding and glucose tolerance in rats. Nature metabolism 15 38167726
2021 Calcium transport in male reproduction is possibly influenced by vitamin D and CaSR. The Journal of endocrinology 15 34612843
2020 CaSR Induces Osteoclast Differentiation and Promotes Bone Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Frontiers in oncology 15 32269963
2013 Induction of CaSR expression circumvents the molecular features of malignant CaSR null colon cancer cells. International journal of cancer 15 23674327
2023 Additive manufacturing of barium-doped calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds to activate CaSR and AKT signalling and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of materials chemistry. B 14 37128755
2021 Molecular distribution and localization of extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) at three different laying stages in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Poultry science 14 33752067
2021 The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) promotes Rab27B expression and activity to control secretion in breast cancer cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research 14 33845096
2014 pH-sensitive expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in type-B intercalated cells of the cortical collecting ducts (CCD) in mouse kidney. Clinical and experimental nephrology 14 25500736
2023 Inhibition of Calcium-Sensing Receptor Alleviates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via CaSR-PKC-ERK1/2 Pathway. Molecular neurobiology 13 36600080
2022 Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR)-Mediated Intracellular Communication in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 13 36231037
2021 Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) agonist R568 inhibits small intestinal motility of mice through neural and non-neural mechanisms. Food & function 13 34739536
2020 Cinacalcet as a First-Line Treatment in Neonatal Severe Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Mutation. Hormone research in paediatrics 13 33147586
2019 Tojapride prevents CaSR-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oesophageal epithelium irritated by acidic bile salts. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 13 31859410
2016 Associations of the calcium-sensing receptor gene CASR rs7652589 SNP with nephrolithiasis and secondary hyperparathyroidism in haemodialysis patients. Scientific reports 13 27739473
2016 Filamin A is reduced and contributes to the CASR sensitivity in human parathyroid tumors. Journal of molecular endocrinology 13 27872158
2013 Cellular responses to TGFβ and TGFβ receptor expression in human colonic epithelial cells require CaSR expression and function. Cell calcium 13 23639611
2024 In vitro activation of the CB1 receptor by the semi-synthetic cannabinoids hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), hexahydrocannabinol acetate (HHC-O) and hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHC-P). Drug testing and analysis 12 38894658
2023 Volatile Short-Chain Aliphatic Aldehydes Act as Taste Modulators through the Orally Expressed Calcium-Sensing Receptor CaSR. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 12 37375140
2018 PTH1R-CaSR Cross Talk: New Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Osteolytic Bone Metastases. International journal of endocrinology 12 30151009
2016 Extracellular calcium regulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation through calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in stallion sperm. Molecular reproduction and development 12 26762297
2013 Association between CASR polymorphisms, calcium intake, and colorectal cancer risk. PloS one 12 23555732
2024 The calcium-sensing-receptor (CaSR) in adipocytes contributes to sex-differences in the susceptibility to high fat diet induced obesity and atherosclerosis. EBioMedicine 11 39146692
2021 CaSR expression in normal parathyroid and PHPT: new insights into pathogenesis from an autopsy-based study. Journal of endocrinological investigation 11 34302683

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