Affinage

Showing CAPNS1 — CAPN4 is a alias.

CAPNS1

Calpain small subunit 1 · UniProt P04632

Length
268 aa
Mass
28.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 21 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CAPNS1 (Capn4) encodes the common small regulatory subunit required for the stability and proteolytic activity of both ubiquitous calpain catalytic subunits (calpain-1 and calpain-2); homozygous disruption eliminates both calpain activities and causes mid-gestation lethality with cardiovascular defects (PMID:10825211). The subunit has a two-domain architecture in which an N-terminal domain influences subcellular localization and a C-terminal calmodulin-like Ca2+-binding domain regulates calpain activity (PMID:3034236), and it positively governs calpain-1/2 protein levels and downstream apoptotic signaling (PMID:27994509). Through this regulatory role CAPNS1 controls calpain-dependent proteolysis of substrates governing diverse cellular programs: it is required for chondrocyte and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, with loss causing G1/S arrest, accumulation of cell-cycle proteins, and reduced cyclin D, while p27(Kip1) silencing rescues the growth defect (PMID:18515801, PMID:20368361). In the heart, CAPNS1 loss restores IκB and limits NF-κB-driven inflammation after infarction (PMID:22753411) and prevents mitochondrial calpain-1 cleavage of ATP synthase-α (ATP5A1), preserving ATP synthase activity and limiting ROS-driven injury (PMID:26246018). CAPNS1 also stabilizes the deubiquitinase USP1 by activating Cdk5 (via p25) to inhibit Cdh1, thereby controlling ubiquitinated PCNA, polymerase-η loading, and mutagenesis, linking calpain to the DNA damage response (PMID:23589330). In macrophages, CAPNS1 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation and M1 polarization through a CHOP–STAT1/STAT3 pathway and via ATP5A1-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction (PMID:37660839, PMID:37689005). Across multiple cancers CAPNS1 promotes invasion and metastasis by physically associating with FAK to activate FAK–Src–p130Cas–MMP2 signaling (PMID:24962955) and by stabilizing pro-tumorigenic substrates such as β-catenin and c-Jun through reduced ubiquitination (PMID:32777225, PMID:34580724). Biallelic loss-of-function variants abolishing CAPNS1 protein cause pulmonary arterial hypertension in humans (PMID:38230350).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 20 steps
  1. 1986 Medium

    Established the domain organization of the calpain small subunit, distinguishing a localization-determining N-terminal domain from a Ca2+-responsive regulatory module before its in vivo role was known.

    Evidence Protein structure/sequence analysis of rabbit CANP 30K subunit

    PMID:3034236

    Open questions at the time
    • Domain functions inferred from sequence without mutagenesis
    • Ca2+-binding regulation not directly demonstrated for this subunit
  2. 2000 High

    Resolved whether the small subunit is dispensable by showing its genetic loss abolishes both μ- and m-calpain activity and is embryonic-lethal, defining CAPNS1 as the obligate common regulatory subunit.

    Evidence Homozygous Capn4 knockout mouse with calpain activity assays in ES cells and fibroblasts

    PMID:10825211

    Open questions at the time
    • Cause of mid-gestation cardiovascular lethality not molecularly defined
    • No substrate-level mechanism identified at this stage
  3. 2007 High

    Identified how CAPNS1 expression is controlled transcriptionally, naming NRF-1 as the dominant promoter activator with AP-1 and Sp1 contributions.

    Evidence Promoter deletion, mutagenesis, EMSA, ChIP, and siRNA in reporter assays

    PMID:18234454

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological signals regulating these factors unknown
    • Tissue-specific promoter usage not addressed
  4. 2008 Medium

    Connected CAPNS1 to oncogenic Ras signaling by identifying a Ras-state-specific RasGAP-SH3 interaction controlling survival and motility.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, reciprocal Co-IP, colocalization, and siRNA functional assays in K-Ras(V12) cells

    PMID:18761085

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether interaction depends on calpain catalytic activity unclear
    • Structural basis of SH3 binding not defined
  5. 2008 High

    Demonstrated a cell-autonomous requirement for CAPNS1 in osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and bone formation, with direct binding to the PTH/PTHrP receptor C-tail.

    Evidence Osteoblast-specific conditional Capn4 knockout, histomorphometry, in vitro differentiation, and receptor binding assays

    PMID:18515801

    Open questions at the time
    • Calpain substrates mediating osteoblast defects not enumerated
    • Functional consequence of PTH receptor binding for calpain activity unclear
  6. 2010 High

    Defined the cell-cycle mechanism of CAPNS1 in chondrocytes, linking loss to G1/S arrest via cyclin D reduction and p27-dependent growth restraint.

    Evidence Chondrocyte-specific Capn4 knockout with cell-cycle analysis, p27 siRNA rescue, and dose-dependent subunit complementation

    PMID:20368361

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct calpain substrate driving cyclin D transcription not identified
    • Reconciliation with absence of proliferation defect in original KO fibroblasts unaddressed
  7. 2012 High

    Identified the IκB/NF-κB inflammatory axis as the mechanism by which cardiac calpain promotes post-infarction injury and remodeling.

    Evidence Cardiomyocyte-specific Capn4 knockout in a myocardial infarction model with pathway and cytokine analysis

    PMID:22753411

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether IκB is a direct calpain substrate not shown
    • Contribution of cardiomyocyte vs other cell types not separated
  8. 2013 High

    Placed calpain in the DNA damage response by showing CAPNS1 stabilizes USP1 through Cdk5/p25 inhibition of Cdh1, controlling PCNA ubiquitination and mutagenesis.

    Evidence siRNA depletion in U2OS and MEFs with USP1 stability, ubiquitinated-PCNA, pol-η loading, mutagenesis assays, and Cdk5/p25 rescue

    PMID:23589330

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct calpain cleavage event generating p25 in this context not fully resolved
    • Physiological DNA-damage settings requiring this axis untested in vivo
  9. 2015 High

    Identified a mitochondrial substrate, ATP synthase-α (ATP5A1), whose calpain-1 cleavage links endotoxemia to ROS-driven cardiac inflammation and dysfunction.

    Evidence Cardiomyocyte-specific Capn4 knockout, LPS model, mitochondrial fractionation, ATP5A1 cleavage and ROS assays, and ATP5A1 overexpression rescue

    PMID:26246018

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of calpain-1 mitochondrial import not defined
    • Generality of ATP5A1 cleavage beyond endotoxemia not established here
  10. 2009 Medium

    Established CAPNS1 as a pro-invasive factor required for hepatocellular carcinoma cell motility and invasion.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with invasion/migration assays in HCC cell lines and tumor protein quantification

    PMID:19053044

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of invasion not defined at this stage
    • Loss-of-function in vivo metastasis not tested
  11. 2014 High

    Defined a pro-metastatic signaling mechanism in which CAPNS1 physically associates with FAK to hyperactivate FAK-Src-p130Cas and upregulate MMP2.

    Evidence Protein microarray, reciprocal Co-IP, phosphorylation assays, and overexpression/knockdown with in vivo metastasis in HCC

    PMID:24962955

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FAK activation requires calpain proteolysis unclear
    • Direct vs scaffold role of CAPNS1 at the FAK complex not separated
  12. 2014 Medium

    Extended the CAPNS1-MMP2 invasion mechanism to nasopharyngeal carcinoma via NF-κB p65 activation.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with migration/invasion assays, in vivo metastasis, and p65 phosphorylation analysis

    PMID:24703594

    Open questions at the time
    • Link between calpain activity and p65 phosphorylation not mechanistically resolved
    • Single-method pathway readout
  13. 2016 Medium

    Positioned CAPNS1 as a miRNA-regulated node (miR-99a, miR-491) and confirmed it as an upstream positive regulator of calpain-1/2 and caspase-3/PARP1 apoptotic signaling.

    Evidence Dual-luciferase 3'-UTR reporter assays, miRNA mimic/inhibitor, siRNA, and western blot in gastric cancer cells

    PMID:27994509

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of miRNA targeting untested
    • Mechanism linking calpain to caspase-3 activation not detailed
  14. 2020 Medium

    Defined a Wnt-promoting mechanism in which CAPNS1 stabilizes β-catenin by decreasing its ubiquitination to drive gastric cancer metastasis.

    Evidence Knockdown/overexpression with β-catenin ubiquitination and stability assays, target-gene expression, and in vivo xenograft

    PMID:32777225

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether β-catenin is a direct calpain substrate or indirectly regulated unclear
    • Mechanism of reduced ubiquitination undefined
  15. 2021 Medium

    Identified a CAPNS1-CNOT3 axis in which CAPNS1 promotes CNOT3 degradation to drive cisplatin resistance in renal cancer.

    Evidence Co-IP, expression analysis, viability and necroptosis assays, and in vivo xenograft

    PMID:34733662

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct proteolytic cleavage of CNOT3 not demonstrated
    • Single-lab finding without reciprocal validation
  16. 2022 Medium

    Defined a cardiac hypertrophy mechanism in which CAPNS1 binds and stabilizes c-Jun by reducing its ubiquitination, acting upstream of IGF-AKT signaling.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown, Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, IGF-AKT analysis, and c-Jun rescue in cardiomyocytes

    PMID:34580724

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which a protease stabilizes a substrate unresolved
    • In vivo confirmation limited
  17. 2022 Medium

    Showed myeloid CAPNS1 drives M1 macrophage polarization in fibrosis, associated with suppressed PI3K/AKT1 signaling.

    Evidence Myeloid-specific conditional Capns1 knockout in bleomycin systemic sclerosis with macrophage phenotyping and pathway analysis

    PMID:35729674

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal link between PI3K/AKT1 and polarization not established
    • Calpain substrate mediating polarization unidentified
  18. 2023 High

    Defined macrophage CAPNS1 as a driver of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and M1 polarization through CHOP-dependent STAT1/STAT3 signaling and ATP5A1-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Evidence Myeloid-specific conditional Capns1 knockout in CVB3 myocarditis and MI models, NLRP3/polarization assays, CHOP-STAT analysis, and ATP5A1 knockdown counter-rescue

    PMID:37660839 PMID:37689005

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct calpain substrate upstream of CHOP not identified
    • Relative contribution of CHOP-STAT vs ATP5A1 arms not quantified
  19. 2023 Medium

    Identified upstream control of CAPNS1 protein abundance by the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10, which stabilizes CAPNS1 to support colorectal cancer growth and invasion.

    Evidence FAT10 overexpression/knockdown with CAPNS1 ubiquitination assay and proliferation/invasion readouts

    PMID:37310562

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of FAT10-dependent stabilization not detailed
    • Single-lab finding
  20. 2023 Medium

    Established a human disease link by showing biallelic loss-of-function CAPNS1 variants abolishing protein cause pulmonary arterial hypertension.

    Evidence Exome sequencing, splicing and western-blot protein-absence validation in two consanguineous families, and lung RNA-seq

    PMID:38230350

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking calpain loss to pulmonary vascular disease not defined
    • Only two families; no functional rescue

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how a regulatory protease subunit reconciles its many context-specific roles — direct enzymatic substrates versus scaffold/stabilizing functions — and which calpain cleavage events causally explain each tissue phenotype.
  • Several substrate-stabilization claims lack a clear protease-based mechanism
  • No structural model of CAPNS1 in any partner complex
  • Tissue-specific substrate repertoires undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 2
Localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion 2 GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome 1 GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
CAPN1CAPN2CNOT3CTNNB1FAKJUNPTH1RUSP1
Complex memberships
calpain heterodimer (calpain-1/CAPNS1, calpain-2/CAPNS1)

Evidence

Reading pass · 21 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2000 Homozygous disruption of Capn4 (the common small regulatory subunit shared by μ- and m-calpain heterodimers) eliminated both μ- and m-calpain activities in mouse embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts, establishing that CAPNS1/Capn4 is required for the stability and activity of both ubiquitous calpain catalytic subunits. Loss of Capn4 caused mid-gestation lethality with cardiovascular defects, but did not affect cell survival or proliferation in cultured cells. Homozygous gene disruption (knockout mouse), calpain activity assays, cultured embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts Molecular and cellular biology High 10825211
1986 The CANP (calpain) small 30K subunit (CAPNS1) has a two-domain structure: an N-terminal domain that is proposed to determine subcellular localization of calpain, and a C-terminal calmodulin-like Ca2+-binding domain that regulates calpain activity. Protein structure/sequence analysis of rabbit CANP 30K subunit Biomedica biochimica acta Medium 3034236
2007 The CAPNS1 promoter is transcriptionally regulated by NRF-1, AP-1, and Sp1. Site-directed mutagenesis and EMSA/ChIP identified NRF-1 as the dominant transcriptional activator (~70% reduction in promoter activity upon NRF-1 site mutation), with AP-1 contributing ~50% and Sp1 ~30%. siRNA-mediated knockdown of NRF-1 significantly reduced endogenous CAPNS1 mRNA. Promoter deletion analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, EMSA, supershift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), siRNA knockdown, reporter gene assay Gene High 18234454
2008 CAPNS1 (Capns1) was identified as a binding partner of the RasGAP-SH3 domain specifically in K-Ras(V12) oncogenic cells. The interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and showed co-localization in cell protrusions. Knockdown of Capns1 in K-Ras(V12) cells induced apoptosis and altered cell migration speed and persistence, indicating a role for the CAPNS1–RasGAP-SH3 interaction in cell survival and motility downstream of oncogenic Ras. Yeast two-hybrid screening, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy co-localization, siRNA knockdown with apoptosis and migration assays Cellular signalling Medium 18761085
2008 Osteoblast-specific conditional knockout of Capn4 in mice severely impaired osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization in vitro, and caused reduced bone formation in vivo (smaller body, shorter limbs, reduced trabecular bone, thinner cortices, decreased osteoblast number). CAPNS1/Capn4 was shown to bind directly to the intracellular C-terminal tail of the PTH/PTHrP receptor and modulate its function in osteoblasts. Cre-LoxP conditional knockout, bone histomorphometry, in vitro osteoblast differentiation assays, binding assay (direct binding to PTH receptor C-tail) The Journal of biological chemistry High 18515801
2010 Chondrocyte-specific deletion of Capn4 impaired chondrocyte proliferation (G1/S arrest) and differentiation in embryonic growth plates. Mechanistically, Capn4 loss led to accumulation of calpain substrate cell-cycle proteins and reduced cyclin D gene transcription; silencing p27(Kip1) rescued the growth defect, and reintroduction of the calpain small subunit partially normalized cyclin D protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Conditional Cre-LoxP knockout in chondrocytes, cell cycle analysis, gene expression, p27 siRNA rescue, cyclin D quantification Molecular and cellular biology High 20368361
2012 Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Capn4 dramatically reduced calpain-1 and calpain-2 protein levels and activities in the heart. In a myocardial infarction model, Capn4 deletion reduced apoptosis, limited infarct expansion, and prevented adverse remodeling. Mechanistically, Capn4 deletion restored IκB protein levels and inhibited NF-κB activation, suppressing proinflammatory cytokine expression and inflammatory cell infiltration. Cardiomyocyte-specific conditional Capn4 knockout, myocardial infarction model (coronary ligation), calpain activity assay, IκB/NF-κB pathway analysis, cytokine measurements The Journal of biological chemistry High 22753411
2013 CAPNS1 is required for stability of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP1. In CAPNS1-depleted cells and MEFs, USP1 is degraded by APC/C(Cdh1)-mediated ubiquitination, leading to stabilization of ubiquitinated PCNA and favoring polymerase-η loading on chromatin with increased mutagenesis. CAPNS1 stabilizes USP1 by activating Cdk5 (via generation of p25), which inhibits Cdh1 and consequently prevents USP1 degradation, linking calpain to the DNA damage response. siRNA-mediated CAPNS1 depletion in U2OS cells and MEFs, USP1 stability assays, ubiquitinated PCNA detection, polymerase-η chromatin loading, mutagenesis assays, forced Cdk5/p25 expression rescue Molecular and cellular biology High 23589330
2015 Cardiomyocyte-specific capn4 knockout protected the heart from endotoxemia-induced injury. Mechanistically, LPS induced calpain-1 accumulation in mitochondria, where it cleaved ATP synthase-α (ATP5A1), disrupting ATP synthase activity and causing mitochondrial ROS generation that promoted proinflammatory response and cardiac dysfunction. Deletion of capn4 or upregulation of ATP5A1 prevented these events. Cardiomyocyte-specific capn4 KO mice, LPS endotoxemia model, mitochondrial fractionation, calpain activity in mitochondria, co-localization of calpain-1 with ATP5A1, ATP5A1 cleavage assay, mitochondrial ROS measurement, ATP5A1 overexpression rescue Circulation. Heart failure High 26246018
2009 Capn4 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma enhanced in vitro invasiveness; siRNA-mediated knockdown of Capn4 in HCC cell lines significantly inhibited mobile and invasive ability, establishing Capn4 as a required factor for HCC cell invasion and metastasis. siRNA knockdown, in vitro invasion and migration assays, protein quantification in HCC cell lines and patient tumors Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Medium 19053044
2014 Capn4 physically associates with FAK and promotes hyperactivity of the FAK-Src signaling pathway via increased phosphorylation of FAK, Src, and p130Cas, leading to upregulation of MMP2 and increased HCC cell invasion and metastasis. Protein microarray, co-immunoprecipitation (Capn4–FAK interaction), phosphorylation assays, Capn4 overexpression/knockdown with in vitro and in vivo metastasis assays The Journal of pathology High 24962955
2014 Capn4 upregulates MMP2 expression through NF-κB activation (increased p65 phosphorylation) to promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. siRNA knockdown, in vitro migration/invasion assays, in vivo metastasis model, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation assay, MMP2 expression analysis Cancer science Medium 24703594
2016 miR-99a and miR-491 directly target CAPNS1 3'-UTR (confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay). CAPNS1 positively regulates calpain-1 and calpain-2 protein levels and cleaved caspase-3 (which cleaves PARP1 to induce apoptosis), establishing CAPNS1 as an upstream regulator of calpain-1/2 activity and apoptotic signaling in gastric cancer cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay with wild-type and mutated CAPNS1 3'-UTR, miRNA mimic/inhibitor transfection, siRNA, western blot for calpain-1/2 and cleaved caspase-3/PARP1 International journal of biological sciences Medium 27994509
2020 Capn4 promotes gastric cancer metastasis by decreasing β-catenin ubiquitination, thereby enhancing β-catenin protein stability, which activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and increases MMP9 expression. Capn4 knockdown/overexpression, ubiquitination assay of β-catenin, β-catenin protein stability assay, Wnt/β-catenin target gene expression, in vitro invasion and in vivo xenograft assays Experimental cell research Medium 32777225
2021 CAPN4 directly interacts with CNOT3 (CCR4-NOT complex subunit 3) and promotes its degradation. CAPN4 knockdown restored CNOT3 levels, which reversed cisplatin resistance and sensitized renal cancer cells to cisplatin-induced necroptosis, establishing a CAPN4–CNOT3 axis in drug resistance. co-immunoprecipitation, qPCR, western blot, cell viability (CCK-8), flow cytometry for necroptosis, in vivo xenograft Translational andrology and urology Medium 34733662
2022 Capn4 directly binds and stabilizes c-Jun by reducing its ubiquitination; Capn4 knockdown increased c-Jun ubiquitination and degradation, and the antihypertrophic effect of Capn4 silencing was partially rescued by c-Jun restoration, placing Capn4 upstream of c-Jun-mediated IGF-AKT signaling in angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Overexpression and siRNA knockdown, co-immunoprecipitation (Capn4–c-Jun interaction), ubiquitination assay, IGF-AKT signaling measurements, rescue experiments in cardiomyocytes Journal of biochemistry Medium 34580724
2023 Biallelic loss-of-function variants in CAPNS1 cause complete absence of CAPNS1 protein (shown by protein expression analysis) and lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension in two unrelated consanguine families, demonstrating that CAPNS1 is essential for pulmonary vascular function in humans. Exome sequencing, whole-blood RNA analysis (aberrant splicing confirmed), western blot (absence of CAPNS1 protein), RNA sequencing of lung tissue for downstream pathway genes Genetics in medicine open Medium 38230350
2023 Myeloid cell-specific deletion of CAPN4 (Capns1) in macrophages ameliorated CVB3-induced myocarditis by preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage M1 polarization. Mechanistically, CAPN4 promoted M1 polarization and NLRP3 activation through upregulation of CHOP, which activated STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation to increase proinflammatory cytokine release. Myeloid-specific conditional Capns1 KO (LYZ2-Cre), CVB3 infection model, NLRP3 inflammasome activation assay, macrophage polarization (M1/M2) markers, CHOP/STAT1/STAT3 phosphorylation analysis, survival and cardiac function assessment Free radical biology & medicine High 37660839
2023 Myeloid-specific Capns1 knockout reduced calpain-1/2 activity in macrophages, maintained ATP5A1 integrity, restored mitochondrial function (preventing ROS generation), and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby reducing infarct size and cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction. ATP5A1 knockdown antagonized the protective effect of Capns1 deletion. Myeloid-specific conditional Capns1 KO, MI model (coronary ligation), mitochondrial function assays, NLRP3 inflammasome activation assays, ATP5A1 knockdown, cardiac function (echocardiography), histology Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology High 37689005
2022 Myeloid cell-specific deletion of Capns1 prevented macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype during bleomycin-induced systemic sclerosis, reducing lung inflammation and fibrosis. This was associated with increased PI3K/AKT1 signaling in lung tissue of knockout mice. Myeloid-specific conditional Capns1 KO, bleomycin model of systemic sclerosis, flow cytometry for macrophage phenotyping (M1/M2), cytokine ELISA, histology, western blot for PI3K/AKT1 Arthritis research & therapy Medium 35729674
2023 FAT10 (ubiquitin-like protein) promotes Capn4 protein stability in colorectal cancer cells by modifying Capn4 ubiquitination and degradation, establishing FAT10 as an upstream regulator of Capn4 protein levels. FAT10 overexpression/knockdown, ubiquitination assay for Capn4, western blot, in vitro and in vivo proliferation/invasion assays Digestive diseases and sciences Medium 37310562

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2000 Disruption of the murine calpain small subunit gene, Capn4: calpain is essential for embryonic development but not for cell growth and division. Molecular and cellular biology 291 10825211
2000 The '30K' superfamily of viral movement proteins. The Journal of general virology 221 10640565
1987 Localization by immunogold cytochemistry of the virus-coded 30K protein in plasmodesmata of leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Virology 174 18644574
1993 Identification of the soybean allergenic protein, Gly m Bd 30K, with the soybean seed 34-kDa oil-body-associated protein. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 119 7763872
1991 The tobacco mosaic virus 30K movement protein in transgenic tobacco plants is localized to plasmodesmata. The Journal of general virology 99 1990065
1984 Synthesis of TMV-specific RNAs and proteins at the early stage of infection in tobacco protoplasts: transient expression of the 30K protein and its mRNA. Virology 91 18639805
2009 Capn4 overexpression underlies tumor invasion and metastasis after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 78 19053044
1976 Conditional lethal mutants of adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 hybrids. II. Ad2+ND1 host-range mutants that synthesize fragments of the Ad2+ND1 30K protein. Journal of virology 64 183014
2016 MiR-99a and MiR-491 Regulate Cisplatin Resistance in Human Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting CAPNS1. International journal of biological sciences 61 27994509
2015 Evolution of plant virus movement proteins from the 30K superfamily and of their homologs integrated in plant genomes. Virology 59 25576984
1983 Single amino acid substitution in 30K protein of TMV defective in virus transport function. Virology 59 6316652
2017 MALAT1/miR-124/Capn4 axis regulates proliferation, invasion and EMT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cancer biology & therapy 55 28857668
2012 Deficiency of Capn4 gene inhibits nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) protein signaling/inflammation and reduces remodeling after myocardial infarction. The Journal of biological chemistry 55 22753411
2003 Inhibition of apoptosis by recombinant 30K protein originating from silkworm hemolymph. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 54 12914782
2013 Characterization of Capsicum annuum genetic diversity and population structure based on parallel polymorphism discovery with a 30K unigene Pepper GeneChip. PloS one 53 23409153
2014 The oncoprotein HBXIP enhances migration of breast cancer cells through increasing filopodia formation involving MEKK2/ERK1/2/Capn4 signaling. Cancer letters 52 25304384
2000 Mutational analysis of the IgE-binding epitopes of P34/Gly m Bd 30K. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 49 10669862
1983 Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the 30K and the coat protein cistron of TMV (tomato strain) genome. Nucleic acids research 49 6304642
1995 Measurement of Gly m Bd 30K, a major soybean allergen, in soybean products by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 48 7765969
1988 Interviral homologies of the 30K proteins of tobamoviruses. Virology 48 3201760
2014 Capn4 contributes to tumour growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activation of the FAK-Src signalling pathways. The Journal of pathology 46 24962955
2015 miR-124 suppresses the migration and invasion of glioma cells in vitro via Capn4. Oncology reports 43 26530859
1990 Time course of TMV 30K protein accumulation in intact leaves. Virology 42 2294644
2022 Calcium nanoparticles (Ca-NPs) improve drought stress tolerance in Brassica napus by modulating the photosystem II, nutrient acquisition and antioxidant performance. NanoImpact 40 36084849
2013 Experimental and bioinformatic evidence that raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus P4 is a movement protein of the 30K superfamily. The Journal of general virology 40 23761405
1983 Point mutation in the 30-K open reading frame of TMV implicated in temperature-sensitive assembly and local lesion spreading of mutant Ni 2519. The EMBO journal 39 16453478
1982 Nucleotide sequence of the 30K protein cistron of cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus. Nucleic acids research 39 6292867
2014 Capn4 is a marker of poor clinical outcomes and promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via nuclear factor-κB-induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression. Cancer science 38 24703594
1990 Insertion of sequences containing the coat protein subgenomic RNA promoter and leader in front of the tobacco mosaic virus 30K ORF delays its expression and causes defective cell-to-cell movement. Virology 38 2294638
2008 In vivo targeted deletion of calpain small subunit, Capn4, in cells of the osteoblast lineage impairs cell proliferation, differentiation, and bone formation. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 18515801
2005 Possible effect of 30K proteins in embryonic development of silkworm Bombyx mori. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 37 15880265
2015 Deletion of capn4 Protects the Heart Against Endotoxemic Injury by Preventing ATP Synthase Disruption and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Superoxide Generation. Circulation. Heart failure 32 26246018
2015 Cytorhabdovirus P3 genes encode 30K-like cell-to-cell movement proteins. Virology 30 26700068
1998 Drosophila clipper/CPSF 30K is a post-transcriptionally regulated nuclear protein that binds RNA containing GC clusters. Nucleic acids research 30 9512528
2012 Hepatitis B virus X protein drives multiple cross-talk cascade loops involving NF-κB, 5-LOX, OPN and Capn4 to promote cell migration. PloS one 29 22355367
2015 Capn4 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 27 25636510
2010 Targeted deletion of Capn4 in cells of the chondrocyte lineage impairs chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Molecular and cellular biology 27 20368361
1984 Identification of the 30K protein of TMV by immunoprecipitation with antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide. Virology 26 18639799
2013 CAPNS1 regulates USP1 stability and maintenance of genome integrity. Molecular and cellular biology 25 23589330
2007 NRF-1, and AP-1 regulate the promoter of the human calpain small subunit 1 (CAPNS1) gene. Gene 25 18234454
1993 Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies for a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the major soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 30K. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 25 7506767
2017 miR-124 suppresses proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting Capn4. OncoTargets and therapy 24 28579809
2012 The synthesis, transportation and degradation of BmLP3 and BmLP7, two highly homologous Bombyx mori 30K proteins. Insect biochemistry and molecular biology 22 23213653
2009 An integrated expression phenotype mapping approach defines common variants in LEP, ALOX15 and CAPNS1 associated with induction of IL-6. Human molecular genetics 22 19942621
2021 Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes cell proliferation and invasion, but inhibits apoptosis via regulating the microRNA‑1271‑mediated Capn4/Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in epithelial ovarian cancer. Molecular medicine reports 21 33760208
2018 Suppression of Capn4 by microRNA-1271 impedes the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 21 29331762
2018 MiR-337-3p suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells via modulating Capn4. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 21 30452399
2014 Increased expression of Capn4 is associated with the malignancy of human glioma. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 21 24628706
2023 Macrophage CAPN4 regulates CVB3-induced cardiac inflammation and injury by promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and phenotypic transformation to the inflammatory subtype. Free radical biology & medicine 20 37660839
2020 Capn4 contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin/MMP9 signalling pathways. Experimental cell research 20 32777225
2011 Association of PPARGC1A and CAPNS1 gene polymorphisms and expression with meat quality traits in pigs. Meat science 20 21680104
2016 Capn4 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human melanoma cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncology reports 19 27878263
2016 Bioinformatic and mutational analysis of ophiovirus movement proteins, belonging to the 30K superfamily. Virology 18 27596536
2014 Capn4 mRNA level is correlated with tumour progression and clinical outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The Journal of international medical research 18 24514433
2012 Systemic transport of Alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of several viruses assigned to five genera of the 30K family. The Journal of general virology 18 23136366
2018 Capn4 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by increasing MAPK7 through activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. Experimental cell research 17 29331389
2017 Capn4 Enhances Osteopontin Expression through Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway to Promote Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Metastasis. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 16 28535511
2008 Capns1, a new binding partner of RasGAP-SH3 domain in K-Ras(V12) oncogenic cells: modulation of cell survival and migration. Cellular signalling 16 18761085
2006 Molecular properties and tissue distribution of 30K proteins as ommin-binding proteins from diapause eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 16 17134929
1996 Specific binding of allergenic soybean protein Gly m Bd 30K with alpha'- and alpha-subunits of conglycinin in soy milk. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 16 8695899
2013 Functional analysis of 30K proteins during silk gland degeneration by a caspase-dependent pathway in Bombyx. Insect molecular biology 15 23496335
1997 Substantially Complete Removal of Three Major Allergenic Soybean Proteins (Gly m Bd 30K, Gly m Bd 28K, and the α-Subunit of Conglycinin) from Soy Protein by Using a Mutant Soybean, Tohoku 124. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 15 27396895
2021 Five Silkworm 30K Proteins Are Involved in the Cellular Immunity against Fungi. Insects 12 33513667
2010 Pivotal roles of three conserved carboxyl residues of the NuoC (30k) segment in the structural integrity of proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 12 20979355
2000 Identification and characterization of a 30K protein (Ad4E3-30K) encoded by the E3 region of human adenovirus type 4. Virology 12 10891415
1992 Reinvestigation of intracellular localization of the 30K protein in tobacco protoplasts infected with tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Virology 12 1546469
1986 Subcellular localization of the 30K protein in TMV-inoculated tobacco protoplasts. Virology 12 3727401
2021 MiRNA-124 regulates the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to cisplatin-induced necroptosis by targeting the CAPN4-CNOT3 axis. Translational andrology and urology 11 34733662
2019 Capn4 is induced by and required for Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 promotion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis through ERK/AP-1 signaling. Cancer science 11 31691433
2018 Capn4 expression is modulated by microRNA-520b and exerts an oncogenic role in prostate cancer cells by promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 11 30241050
2013 Two Novel 30K Proteins Overexpressed in Baculovirus System and Their Antiapoptotic Effect in Insect and Mammalian Cells. International journal of genomics 11 23862133
1990 Changing the start codon context of the 30K gene of tobacco mosaic virus from "weak" to "strong" does not increase expression. Virology 11 2294639
2016 Identification of Ourmiavirus 30K movement protein amino acid residues involved in symptomatology, viral movement, subcellular localization and tubule formation. Molecular plant pathology 10 26637973
2018 Capn4 regulates migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells via targeting osteopontin-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncology letters 9 30655802
2017 Comparison of Allergenicity at Gly m 4 and Gly m Bd 30K of Soybean after Genetic Modification. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 9 28132509
2012 Increase of 30K protein in identified motoneurons by hemolymph results in inhibition of programmed cell death in silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae). Journal of insect physiology 9 22414538
2023 Myeloid-specific deletion of Capns1 attenuates myocardial infarction injury via restoring mitochondrial function and inhibiting inflammasome activation. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology 8 37689005
2022 Myeloid cell-specific deletion of Capns1 prevents macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype and reduces interstitial lung disease in the bleomycin model of systemic sclerosis. Arthritis research & therapy 8 35729674
2018 Capn4 contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells via modulating talin-focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway. Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 8 29648579
2018 Capn4 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by regulating ZEB1 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thoracic cancer 8 30444080
2016 Changes in 30K protein synthesis during delayed degeneration of the silk gland by a caspase-dependent pathway in a Bombyx (silkworm) mutant. Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology 7 27107566
2012 Silkworm 30K protein inhibits ecdysone-induced apoptosis by blocking the binding of ultraspiracle to ecdysone receptor-B1 in cultured Bm5 cells. Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology 7 22890884
2009 Induction of paranodal myelin detachment and sodium channel loss in vivo by Campylobacter jejuni DNA-binding protein from starved cells (C-Dps) in myelinated nerve fibers. Journal of the neurological sciences 7 19880143
2022 Capn4 aggravates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the IGF-AKT signalling pathway. Journal of biochemistry 6 34580724
2021 Analysis of Missense Variants in the Human Histamine Receptor Family Reveals Increased Constitutive Activity of E4106.30×30K Variant in the Histamine H1 Receptor. International journal of molecular sciences 6 33918180
2013 Differential proteomic analysis of caveolin-1 KO cells reveals Sh2b3 and Clec12b as novel interaction partners of caveolin-1 and Capns1 as a potential mediator of caveolin-1-induced apoptosis. The Analyst 6 24091439
2009 A new SNP in the 3'UTR region of the bovine calpain small subunit (CAPNS1) gene. Molecular biology reports 6 19649723
2023 Vitellogenin receptor transports the 30K protein LP1 without cell-penetrating peptide, into the oocytes of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Frontiers in physiology 5 36776972
2018 Exploring the role of cellular homologous of the 30K-superfamily of plant virus movement proteins. Virus research 5 29475053
2015 Tissue distribution, excretion, and the metabolic pathway of 2,2',4,4',5-penta-chlorinated diphenylsulfide (CDPS-99) in ICR mice. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 5 26262600
2023 Ubiquitin-Like Protein FAT10 Promote Colorectal Cancer Progression by Affecting the Ubiquitination of Capn4. Digestive diseases and sciences 4 37310562
1986 Structure and function of the small (30K) subunit of calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP). Biomedica biochimica acta 4 3034236
2025 Lettuce Big-Vein Associated Virus ORF3 Encodes a Functional 30K Movement Protein. Molecular plant pathology 3 40999317
2024 Engineering VIGS Vectors by Modifying Movement Proteins of the 30K Family. Biotechnology journal 3 39711101
2022 Capn4 regulates Snail to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by mediating the transcriptional activity of claudin-11. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 3 36354184
2002 Molecular characterization of the porcine gene CAPNS1 encoding the small subunit 1 of calpain on SSC6q1.1-->q1.2. Cytogenetic and genome research 3 12698005
1997 Micro-assay method for evaluating the allergenicity of the major soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 30K, with mouse antiserum and RBL-2H3 cells. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 3 9028031
2024 Identification of Host Factors Interacting with Movement Proteins of the 30K Family in Nicotiana tabacum. International journal of molecular sciences 2 39596316
2017 Capn4 induces human renal cancer cell proliferation by activating NF-κB signaling pathway through FAK phosphorylation. International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 2 31966590
2023 Biallelic variants in the calpain regulatory subunit CAPNS1 cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. Genetics in medicine open 1 38230350

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