Affinage

CAPN1

Calpain-1 catalytic subunit · UniProt P07384

Length
714 aa
Mass
81.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
71 papers in source corpus 15 papers cited in narrative 15 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CAPN1 (calpain-1/μ-calpain) is a calcium-activated cysteine protease that acts through regulated proteolysis of specific intracellular substrates to control cell survival, death, and signaling across neuronal, cardiac, muscle, and oncogenic contexts (PMID:27320912, PMID:23741357). Its enzymatic function depends on a catalytic triad including cysteine-115, and a C115Y mutation abolishing protease activity causes spinocerebellar ataxia (PMID:23741357). In neurons, CAPN1 cleaves PHLPP1 to sustain Akt pro-survival signaling, and loss of this cleavage drives developmental apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells (PMID:27320912), while it also processes Dicer into an active RNase III fragment that shapes brain miRNA pools (PMID:34286311). Conversely, pathological CAPN1 activation is destructive: under calcium overload in cardiomyocytes it associates with mitochondria and cleaves AIF, driving its nuclear translocation and necrotic death (PMID:33597260), and in ischemic neurons it permeabilizes lysosomal membranes and cleaves the autophagy regulators BECN1 and ATG5 to block autophagic flux (PMID:33874744). CAPN1 additionally restrains autophagy by sequestering the transcription factor TFEB from the nucleus during bacterial infection (PMID:40081346). In cancer, CAPN1 degrades the tumor suppressors NF1 and the phosphatase PTPN1, thereby sustaining RAS/RET–AKT/ERK and c-Met/PIK3R2 signaling (PMID:30131853, PMID:39868924, PMID:32395869). CAPN1 activity is gated by the activating transmembrane interactor CD99L2 and opposed by the endogenous inhibitor calpastatin (CAST) (PMID:41690933, PMID:33597260, PMID:40116104).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2013 Medium

    Established that CAPN1 catalytic protease activity, not merely its presence, is required for cerebellar function, by linking a catalytic-triad mutation to disease.

    Evidence GWAS and targeted sequencing of ataxic Parson Russell Terriers identifying a C115Y mutation in the catalytic triad

    PMID:23741357

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the neuronal substrate whose loss of cleavage produces ataxia
    • Catalytic-dead phenotype inferred from conservation rather than reconstituted enzymology
  2. 2013 Medium

    Defined CAPN1's homeostatic role in muscle protein turnover and revealed compensatory upregulation of CAPN2 when CAPN1 is lost.

    Evidence Calpain-1 knockout mice with calpain/caspase activity assays, protein:DNA ratios, and fiber-type immunohistochemistry

    PMID:23798514

    Open questions at the time
    • No muscle-specific proteolytic substrate identified
    • Mechanism of CAPN2 compensatory upregulation unknown
  3. 2016 High

    Placed CAPN1 upstream of Akt pro-survival signaling in neurons by showing it cleaves the phosphatase PHLPP1, resolving how CAPN1 loss causes granule-cell apoptosis.

    Evidence Calpain-1 KO mice, calpain-1 × PHLPP1 double-KO genetic epistasis with rescue, pharmacological Akt activation

    PMID:27320912

    Open questions at the time
    • Cleavage site within PHLPP1 not mapped biochemically
    • Does not address non-neuronal PHLPP1 regulation
  4. 2018 Medium

    Introduced an oncogenic role for CAPN1 by showing it physically binds and destabilizes the tumor suppressor NF1, linking CAPN1 to AKT-driven melanoma signaling.

    Evidence Mass-spectrometry interactor screen, shRNA knockdown, calpain inhibitor, NF1 stability assay in melanoma cells

    PMID:30131853

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct proteolytic cleavage of NF1 by CAPN1 not demonstrated biochemically
    • Single lab, single cancer type
  5. 2020 Medium

    Extended CAPN1-mediated substrate degradation to PTPN1 in lung cancer, connecting CAPN1 to c-Met/PIK3R2 phosphorylation and drug resistance.

    Evidence Co-IP, cycloheximide chase for protein destabilization, proliferation/invasion assays with shRNA and overexpression

    PMID:32395869

    Open questions at the time
    • Single Co-IP without reciprocal validation
    • Direct cleavage versus accelerated turnover not distinguished
  6. 2021 High

    Defined a death-effector role for CAPN1 in cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial AIF cleavage and nuclear translocation, and showed calpastatin opposes this.

    Evidence DSG2-mutant ACM mouse model, Co-IP, calpain activity assay, calpastatin overexpression, pharmacological inhibition, AIF-mimetic peptide

    PMID:33597260

    Open questions at the time
    • AIF cleavage site not mapped
    • Generalizability beyond DSG2-mutant calcium-overload setting untested
  7. 2021 Medium

    Showed CAPN1 blocks autophagic flux during ischemia by permeabilizing lysosomes and cleaving BECN1 and ATG5, linking its activation to neuronal death.

    Evidence AAV-mediated knockdown in rat MCAO model, MDL-28170 inhibition, OGD in neurons, lysosomal permeabilization and autophagy substrate assays with 3-MA/chloroquine rescue

    PMID:33874744

    Open questions at the time
    • Cleavage of BECN1/ATG5 not reconstituted in vitro
    • Relationship between lysosomal permeabilization and substrate cleavage order unresolved
  8. 2021 Medium

    Revealed a non-degradative activating proteolysis function: CAPN1 cleaves Dicer to generate an active RNase III fragment that controls brain miRNA production.

    Evidence Calpain-1 KO mouse brain, in vitro reconstitution with calpain-1 plus calcium, miRNA-seq, Dicer activity and cleavage Western blots

    PMID:34286311

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological consequences of altered miRNA pools not functionally tested
    • Single lab
  9. 2022 Medium

    Positioned CAPN1 (with CAPN2) as an upstream activator of mitochondrial apoptosis and GSDME-dependent pyroptosis in response to cisplatin.

    Evidence Proteomics, CAPN1/CAPN2 knockout, calpain inhibition, LDH/viability assays, Western blot for BAK/BAX, caspases, GSDME in esophageal cancer cells

    PMID:35525317

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct calpain substrate triggering BAK/BAX activation not identified
    • CAPN1 versus CAPN2 specific contributions not separated
  10. 2025 Medium

    Generalized CAPN1's NF1-destabilizing oncogenic function to medullary thyroid cancer, sustaining RAS/RET–AKT/ERK signaling.

    Evidence Proteomic profiling, shRNA depletion, calpain inhibitor, xenograft assays, combination with vandetanib/selpercatinib

    PMID:39868924

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct NF1 cleavage by CAPN1 not biochemically demonstrated
    • In vivo on-target specificity of inhibitor not established
  11. 2025 Medium

    Linked CAPN1 to autophagy suppression during infection through physical sequestration of TFEB, preventing its nuclear translocation.

    Evidence Co-IP and GST pull-down of CAPN1–TFEB, TFEB localization imaging, CAPN1 KO mice, autolysosome electron microscopy in P. aeruginosa lung injury

    PMID:40081346

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TFEB is cleaved or only bound is unresolved
    • Calcium dependence of the interaction not tested
  12. 2026 Medium

    Identified CD99L2 as an activating, localization-dependent interactor of CAPN1, defining how upstream input regulates CAPN1 activity in neurons.

    Evidence Cellular interaction and domain-deletion constructs, localization assays, patient fibroblast transcriptomics, exome/genome sequencing of a spastic ataxia cohort

    PMID:41690933

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which CD99L2 binding activates CAPN1 unknown
    • Downstream neuronal substrates not defined
  13. 2026 Medium

    Demonstrated CAPN1 as a sufficient driver of neuropathic pain via a CAPN1→NCS-1→CAPN2 amplification axis in spinal neurons.

    Evidence Neuron-specific intraspinal CAPN1 overexpression in rats, pain threshold measurement, Western blot for NCS-1/CAPN2/spectrin breakdown

    PMID:41482880

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct substrate underlying nociceptive signaling not identified
    • Whether NCS-1 is a CAPN1 substrate or transcriptional target unclear

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CAPN1 selects between non-degradative activating cleavage (Dicer), substrate destruction (PHLPP1, NF1, PTPN1, AIF, BECN1/ATG5), and non-proteolytic sequestration (TFEB) in different cell types remains unresolved.
  • No unifying determinant of substrate fate identified
  • Cleavage sites for most substrates not mapped
  • Spatial/calcium-threshold control of substrate choice uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 6 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 3
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2 GO:0005739 mitochondrion 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 2
Partners
AIFCASTCD99L2DICERNF1PHLPP1PTPN1TFEB

Evidence

Reading pass · 15 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2016 Calpain-1 (CAPN1) cleaves PHLPP1 (PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 1), and loss of this cleavage in calpain-1 KO mice results in inhibition of the Akt pro-survival pathway, leading to enhanced apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells during development. Crossing calpain-1 KO mice with PHLPP1 KO mice rescued granule cell density and motor coordination, establishing epistatic pathway placement. Calpain-1 knockout mice, genetic epistasis (calpain-1 KO × PHLPP1 KO double mutant), pharmacological Akt activation (bisperoxovanadium injection), cerebellar granule cell apoptosis assay, synaptic transmission analysis Cell reports High 27320912
2021 In a DSG2-mutant ACM model, calcium overload activates CAPN1, which associates with mitochondria and cleaves mitochondrial-bound apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Cleaved AIF translocates to the nucleus, triggering large-scale DNA fragmentation and necrotic cell death. Overexpression of calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous CAPN1 inhibitor, protected against Ca2+-overload-induced necrosis, and pharmacological CAPN1 inhibition attenuated AIF truncation in cardiomyocytes. Dsg2 mutant mouse model (swimming exercise), co-immunoprecipitation (CAPN1 with mitochondria-associated AIF), calpain activity assay, calpastatin overexpression in cardiomyocytes, embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with β-adrenergic stimulation and calpain inhibitor treatment, AIF-mimetic peptide blocking PPIA-mediated nuclear translocation Science translational medicine High 33597260
2021 CAPN1 activation under ischemic conditions impairs lysosomal membrane integrity and cleaves autophagy regulators BECN1 (Beclin1) and ATG5, thereby suppressing autophagosome formation and blocking autophagic flux, which contributes to neuronal death. Adeno-associated virus-mediated CAPN1 knockdown in rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model; pharmacological inhibition with MDL-28170; oxygen-glucose deprivation in primary neurons; lysosomal membrane permeabilization assay; autophagic substrate accumulation assay; 3-methyladenine and chloroquine co-treatment to reverse neuroprotection Stroke Medium 33874744
2018 CAPN1 physically interacts with tumor suppressor NF1 (neurofibromin 1) in melanoma cells and mediates its degradation. ShRNA knockdown of CAPN1 or calpain inhibitor treatment stabilizes NF1 protein and downregulates AKT signaling. Mass spectrometry analysis of NF1 binding partners identifying CAPN1; shRNA-mediated CAPN1 knockdown; calpain inhibitor treatment; NF1 protein stability assay; AKT signaling readout; combination treatment with MEK inhibitor Trametinib Oncotarget Medium 30131853
2025 CAPN1 inhibits NF1 (neurofibromin) protein levels in medullary thyroid cancer cells, sustaining RAS/RET-driven AKT and ERK activation; shRNA depletion or pharmacological inhibition of CAPN1 stabilizes NF1 and reduces downstream RAS/RET signaling. Proteomic profiling of MTC cells and tumors; shRNA-mediated CAPN1 depletion; calpain inhibitor treatment; xenograft tumor growth assay; Western blot for NF1, AKT, ERK; in vitro combination treatment with vandetanib/selpercatinib Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association Medium 39868924
2020 CAPN1 degrades PTPN1 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1) protein in lung adenocarcinoma cells; loss of PTPN1 leads to increased phosphorylation of c-Met and PIK3R2, enhancing cell proliferation, metastasis, and erlotinib resistance. Co-IP confirmed physical interaction between CAPN1 and PTPN1, and cycloheximide chase confirmed CAPN1-dependent PTPN1 protein destabilization. Co-immunoprecipitation (CAPN1–PTPN1 interaction); cycloheximide protein synthesis block assay; Western blot; CCK-8 proliferation, colony formation, and transwell invasion assays; shRNA/overexpression of CAPN1 and PTPN1 Thoracic cancer Medium 32395869
2022 Cisplatin activates CAPN1/CAPN2 in esophageal cancer cells, which in turn activates BAK/BAX, leading to caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and GSDME cleavage, resulting in pyroptosis. Calpain inhibition or CAPN1/CAPN2 knockout suppressed cisplatin-induced pyroptosis. Proteomics screening; calpain activity assay; LDH release assay; cell viability assay; CAPN1/CAPN2 knockout; Western blot for BAK/BAX, caspase-9, caspase-3, GSDME Chemico-biological interactions Medium 35525317
2013 A missense mutation in CAPN1 (cysteine to tyrosine at residue 115) causes spinocerebellar ataxia in Parson Russell Terrier dogs. Cysteine 115 forms part of the catalytic triad essential for cysteine protease enzymatic activity, indicating that CAPN1 catalytic activity is required for cerebellar function. GWAS and target-enriched massively-parallel sequencing; Sanger sequencing validation; conservation analysis of catalytic triad residues across species PloS one Medium 23741357
2013 In μ-calpain (CAPN1) knockout mice, absence of calpain-1 leads to compensatory upregulation of m-calpain (CAPN2) protein abundance and activity, and caspase 3/7 activity; older KO mice accumulate more protein in skeletal muscle with increased fast-twitch glycolytic fiber size and number, indicating calpain-1's role in muscle protein turnover and fiber-type maintenance. Calpain-1 knockout mice; calpain activity assay; caspase 3/7 activity assay; protein:DNA and RNA:DNA ratio measurement; muscle fiber type immunohistochemistry; myoD and NCAM expression analysis Journal of animal science Medium 23798514
2021 Calpain-1 (CAPN1) cleaves Dicer in mouse brain, generating an active Dicer fragment with RNase III activity that promotes miRNA formation. Loss of calpain-1 in KO mice reduces active Dicer levels and alters neurodegeneration-related miRNA expression; reconstitution with calpain-1 and calcium in vitro restored Dicer activity. Calpain-1 KO mouse brain homogenates; in vitro incubation of calpain-1 with calcium and brain lysates; miRNA sequencing; Dicer activity assay; Western blot for Dicer cleavage fragments BBA advances Medium 34286311
2025 CAPN1 physically interacts with TFEB (transcription factor EB) in cells infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and prevents TFEB nuclear translocation, thereby inhibiting the autophagy-lysosome pathway and promoting bacterial infection-induced acute lung injury. CAPN1-deficient mice show reversal of PAK-induced autolysosome suppression. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down of CAPN1–TFEB interaction; immunofluorescence for TFEB localization; Western blot; CAPN1 knockout mice; transmission electron microscopy of autolysosomes Journal of innate immunity Medium 40081346
2026 CD99L2, a transmembrane protein, is an activating interactor of CAPN1. Loss of CD99L2 function (ablation of cytoplasmic or extracellular domains) causes its intracellular mislocalization and abrogates its interaction with CAPN1, impairing CAPN1 activation and dysregulating downstream neuronal pathways, causing spastic ataxia. Cellular interaction studies; domain deletion constructs of CD99L2; localization assays; transcriptome analysis in patient-derived fibroblasts; exome/genome sequencing of ataxia cohort Nature communications Medium 41690933
2026 Spinal overexpression of CAPN1 restricted to CaMKII neurons reproduces paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in naive rats. CAPN1 overexpression elevates NCS-1 (neuronal calcium sensor-1) expression, which in turn strengthens CAPN2 expression and calpain enzymatic activity, identifying a CAPN1→NCS-1→CAPN2 signaling axis in nociceptive neurons. Intraspinal viral vector-mediated CAPN1 overexpression in CaMKII neurons; pain threshold measurement; Western blot for NCS-1, CAPN2, spectrin degradation products; immunofluorescence co-localization Molecular pain Medium 41482880
2020 Deletion of the Capn1 gene in mice alters expression of genes in Protein Processing in ER, MAP kinase, and Alzheimer's disease KEGG pathways in brain, with most differentially expressed genes being down-regulated, implicating calpain-1 in transcriptional regulation of multiple brain function pathways. RNA-seq on brain tissue of Capn1 knockout vs. wild-type mice; Western blot validation of selected protein levels; KEGG pathway enrichment analysis Frontiers in genetics Low 32328086
2025 Dexamethasone inhibits osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs by modulating the CAST-CAPN1 axis: DEX downregulates CAST (calpastatin) and upregulates CAPN1, reducing ATP5A1 levels and ATP activity; overexpression of CAST partially rescued osteogenic differentiation, while overexpression of CAPN1 exacerbated DEX effects and reversed CAST's rescue. qRT-PCR and Western blot for CAST, CAPN1, ATP5A1; CAPN1 and CAST overexpression plasmids; Alizarin Red S staining; ELISA for ATP activity and osteogenic markers Discovery medicine Low 40116104

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 71 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Evaluation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CAPN1 for association with meat tenderness in cattle. Journal of animal science 123 12542147
2005 A new single nucleotide polymorphism in CAPN1 extends the current tenderness marker test to include cattle of Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and crossbred descent. Journal of animal science 110 16100054
2016 Defects in the CAPN1 Gene Result in Alterations in Cerebellar Development and Cerebellar Ataxia in Mice and Humans. Cell reports 91 27320912
2021 Exercise triggers CAPN1-mediated AIF truncation, inducing myocyte cell death in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Science translational medicine 82 33597260
2004 Association of markers in the bovine CAPN1 gene with meat tenderness in large crossbred populations that sample influential industry sires. Journal of animal science 73 15537766
2021 Chlorpyrifos triggers epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell pyroptosis via miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis. Journal of hazardous materials 67 34879549
2013 Missense mutation in CAPN1 is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia in the Parson Russell Terrier dog breed. PloS one 55 23741357
2005 Identification and molecular characterization of the rainbow trout calpains (Capn1 and Capn2): their expression in muscle wasting during starvation. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology 47 15621511
2022 Cisplatin-induced pyroptosis is mediated via the CAPN1/CAPN2-BAK/BAX-caspase-9-caspase-3-GSDME axis in esophageal cancer. Chemico-biological interactions 45 35525317
2011 Investigation on CAST, CAPN1 and CAPN3 porcine gene polymorphisms and expression in relation to post-mortem calpain activity in muscle and meat quality. Meat science 44 21450414
2000 Bovine CAPN1 maps to a region of BTA29 containing a quantitative trait locus for meat tenderness. Journal of animal science 40 11048924
2002 Involvement of [beta]-glucans in the wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity of Williopsis saturnus var. mrakii MUCL 41968 killer toxin. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 37 12520085
2008 A single nucleotide polymorphism in CAPN1 associated with marbling score in Korean cattle. BMC genetics 35 18423040
2021 CAPN1 (Calpain1)-Mediated Impairment of Autophagic Flux Contributes to Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Damage. Stroke 31 33874744
2013 Association of polymorphisms at DGAT1, leptin, SCD1, CAPN1 and CAST genes with color, marbling and water holding capacity in meat from beef cattle populations in Sweden. Meat science 31 23501244
2010 A newly classified vertebrate calpain protease, directly ancestral to CAPN1 and 2, episodically evolved a restricted physiological function in placental mammals. Molecular biology and evolution 29 20223856
2010 Association of SNPs on CAPN1 and CAST genes with tenderness in Nellore cattle. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 27 20662159
2019 Effects of the MC4R, CAPN1, and ADSL genes on body weight and purine content in slow-growing chickens. Poultry science 24 31111951
2003 Different expression patterns of calpain isozymes 1 and 2 (CAPN1 and 2) in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and basal cell carcinomas (BCC) of human skin. The Journal of pathology 23 12635142
2020 CAPN1 promotes malignant behavior and erlotinib resistance mediated by phosphorylation of c-Met and PIK3R2 via degrading PTPN1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Thoracic cancer 22 32395869
2018 CAPN1 mutations: Expanding the CAPN1-related phenotype: From hereditary spastic paraparesis to spastic ataxia. European journal of medical genetics 22 30572172
2013 Identification and association of polymorphisms in CAPN1 and CAPN3 candidate genes related to performance and meat quality traits in chickens. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 21 23420372
2010 Assessment of GH1, CAPN1 and CAST polymorphisms as markers of carcass and meat traits in Bos indicus and Bos taurus-Bos indicus cross beef cattle. Meat science 21 20709461
2008 Study on association of single nucleotide polymorphism of CAPN1 gene with muscle fibre and carcass traits in quality chicken populations. Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie 21 18727211
2010 Characterisation of capn1, capn2-like, capn3 and capn11 genes in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.): Transcriptional regulation across tissues and in skeletal muscle at distinct nutritional states. Gene 18 20093171
2009 Effect of culturing processes and copper addition on laccase production by the white-rot fungus Fomes fomentarius MUCL 35117. Letters in applied microbiology 18 19413764
2018 Lambertellin from Pycnoporus sanguineus MUCL 51321 and its anti-inflammatory effect via modulation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Bioorganic chemistry 15 29957490
2018 Using non-ionic surfactant as an accelerator to increase extracellular lipid production by oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus MUCL 29819. Bioresource technology 15 30529332
2015 The induction of Ethylene response factor 3 (ERF3) in potato as a result of co-inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. R41805 and Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 - a possible role in plant defense. Plant signaling & behavior 15 25723847
2020 Deletion of the Capn1 Gene Results in Alterations in Signaling Pathways Related to Alzheimer's Disease, Protein Quality Control and Synaptic Plasticity in Mouse Brain. Frontiers in genetics 14 32328086
2021 The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 Modulates Metabolites Production of Anchusa officinalis L. Under Semi-Hydroponic Cultivation. Frontiers in plant science 13 34539717
2020 Novel CAPN1 mutations extend the phenotypic heterogeneity in combined spastic paraplegia and ataxia. Annals of clinical and translational neurology 13 32860341
2019 Dietary Creatine Supplementation in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Increases Dorsal Muscle Area and the Expression of myod1 and capn1 Genes. Frontiers in endocrinology 13 30984105
2019 Two novel homozygous mutations of CAPN1 in Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia and literatures review. Orphanet journal of rare diseases 13 31023339
2018 Effects of polymorphisms in CAPN1 and CAST genes on meat tenderness of Chinese Simmental cattle. Archives animal breeding 13 32175450
2019 A Novel CAPN1 Mutation Causes a Pure Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia in an Italian Family. Frontiers in neurology 12 31231303
2018 CAPN1 mutations broadening the hereditary spastic paraplegia/spinocerebellar ataxia phenotype. Practical neurology 12 29678961
2018 CAPN1 is a novel binding partner and regulator of the tumor suppressor NF1 in melanoma. Oncotarget 12 30131853
2013 The effects of Capn1 gene inactivation on skeletal muscle growth, development, and atrophy, and the compensatory role of other proteolytic systems. Journal of animal science 12 23798514
2021 miR‑140‑5p alleviates mouse liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting CAPN1. Molecular medicine reports 10 34296301
2020 CAPN1 and hereditary spastic paraplegia: a novel variant in an Iranian family and overview of the genotype-phenotype correlation. The International journal of neuroscience 10 32352326
2015 Analysis of the genetic effects of CAPN1 gene polymorphisms on chicken meat tenderness. Genetics and molecular research : GMR 10 25730078
2004 Bovine mu-calpain (CAPN1) gene: new SNP within intron 14. Journal of applied genetics 10 15523157
2010 CAPN1 markers in three Argentinean cattle breeds: report of a new InDel polymorphism within intron 17. Molecular biology reports 9 20838904
2019 CAPN1 Variants as Cause of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 76. Case reports in neurological medicine 8 31355030
2018 μ-Calpain (CAPN1), calpastatin (CAST), and growth hormone receptor (GHR) genetic effects on Angus beef heifer performance traits and reproduction. Theriogenology 8 29448132
2018 Generation of an integration-free induced pluripotent stem cell line, FJMUi001-A, from a hereditary spastic paraplegia patient carrying compound heterozygous p.P498L and p.R618W mutations in CAPN1 (SPG76). Stem cell research 7 30611022
2016 A g.-1256 A>C in the promoter region of CAPN1 is associated with semen quality traits in Chinese Holstein bulls. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) 7 27107033
2009 The association of CAPN1 316 marker genotypes with growth and meat quality traits of steers finished on pasture. Genetics and molecular biology 7 21637511
2016 Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in CAPN1, CAST and MB genes with meat color of Brahman and crossbreed cattle. Meat science 6 26946475
2025 Engineered exosomal miR140 modulates mitophagy of chondrocytes through targeting CAPN1 to alleviate osteoarthritis. Science China. Life sciences 5 40506565
2020 Mutation analysis of CAPN1 in Chinese populations with spastic paraplegia and related neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of the neurological sciences 5 31982778
2007 [The mutation site analysis on CAPN1 gene of Wild boar, Min pig and Yorkshire]. Yi chuan = Hereditas 4 17548328
2017 Experimental Verification of CAPN1 and CAST Gene Polymorphisms in Different Generations of Da-Heng Broilers. BioMed research international 3 28713829
2013 Genetic polymorphism of the CAPN1 gene is associated with meat quality traits in Japanese quail. British poultry science 3 23647179
2025 Proteomic Profiling of Medullary Thyroid Cancer Identifies CAPN1 as a Key Regulator of NF1 and RET Fueled Growth. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 2 39868924
2023 Polymorphisms and expressions of ADSL, MC4R and CAPN1 genes and their effects on economic traits in Egyptian chicken breeds. Molecular biology reports 2 38071695
2018 The effects of Capn1 gene inactivation on the differential expression of genes in skeletal muscle. Gene 2 29775750
2015 Characterization of a farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene from Penicillium brevicompactum MUCL 19011. Biotechnology letters 2 26334936
2014 Understanding the interaction determinants of CAPN1 inhibition by CAST4 from bovines using molecular modeling techniques. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2 25215589
2026 Spinal overexpression of CAPN1 in CaMKII neurons mediates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via NCS-1-TRPV4 signaling. Molecular pain 1 41482880
2025 CAPN1 Promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Infection by Interacting with TFEB and Inhibiting Autophagy. Journal of innate immunity 1 40081346
2025 Regulating Osteogenic Fate: How Dexamethasone Targets the CAST-CAPN1-ATP5A1 Axis in BMSCs. Discovery medicine 1 40116104
2023 Safety evaluation of the food enzyme inulinase from the genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae strain MUCL 44346. EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority 1 37502015
2023 Safety evaluation of the food enzyme endo-polygalacturonase from the non-genetically modified Aspergillus tubingensis strain MUCL 55013. EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority 1 38027442
2021 Changes in neurodegeneration-related miRNAs in brains from CAPN1-/- mice. BBA advances 1 34286311
2007 [Study on correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism of CAPN1 gene and muscle tenderness and carcass traits in chicken]. Yi chuan = Hereditas 1 17681928
2026 Loss-of-function variants in the CAPN1 activator CD99L2 cause X-linked spastic ataxia. Nature communications 0 41690933
2023 CAPN1 is a novel biomaker of patients with AML based on comprehensive analysis. Biotechnology & genetic engineering reviews 0 37114994
2008 [Analysis of SNPs in partial exons and 3'UTR of CAPN1 in porcine]. Yi chuan = Hereditas 0 18550497
2000 Molecular characterization of Penicillium expansum MUCL mutants. Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology 0 11845479

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