Affinage

BCL3

B-cell lymphoma 3 protein · UniProt P20749

Length
454 aa
Mass
47.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 42 papers cited in narrative 42 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

BCL3 is a nuclear ankyrin-repeat protein of the IκB family that governs NF-κB-dependent transcription by binding the p50 (NFKB1) and p52 (NFKB2) homodimers through its ankyrin-repeat domain, acting as either a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on context (PMID:1501714, PMID:10362352, PMID:11713278). Unlike classical IκBs, BCL3 does not sequester NF-κB in the cytoplasm but redistributes p50 to the nucleus and modulates p52 homodimer DNA binding in a concentration-dependent fashion (PMID:8196632, PMID:9407099). A central mechanism of its repressive function is protection of p50 homodimers from ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, prolonging their occupancy of κB sites and dampening inflammatory gene expression—a function that requires defined p50 contact residues and underlies BCL3's anti-inflammatory role in macrophages, acinar cells, and T cells (PMID:24459141, PMID:26526716, PMID:15465827, PMID:28452361). Beyond NF-κB, BCL3 serves as a coactivator for diverse transcription factors including AP-1 (via a C-terminal transactivation domain interacting with c-Jun, c-Fos, CBP/p300 and SRC-1), RXR, ERRα/PPARα-PGC-1α, and β-catenin/TCF, where it sustains Wnt target gene expression by maintaining β-catenin K49 acetylation against HDAC1 (PMID:10497212, PMID:9812988, PMID:19451226, PMID:30792270, PMID:32355204). Its repressive activity is executed through recruitment of corepressors HDAC1/3/6 and the CtBP1/LSD1 complex (PMID:15469820, PMID:20547759). BCL3 abundance and activity are tightly controlled by phosphorylation: GSK3 phosphorylation drives K48-ubiquitination and PSMB1-dependent proteasomal degradation, whereas Akt phosphorylation of Ser33 switches BCL3 to K63-ubiquitination promoting nuclear stabilization, and Erk2/IKK phosphorylation of Ser114/Ser446 converts it into a DNA-recruited coregulator (PMID:15469820, PMID:20558726, PMID:28689659). Functionally, BCL3 promotes cell-cycle progression and oncogenesis (cyclin D1 induction, tumor cell survival via AKT, ErbB2-driven metastasis, glioblastoma EMT) and operates in non-transcriptional, cytoplasmic settings including platelet clot retraction, osteoclastogenesis, and CYLD-dependent regulation of RIP1 ubiquitination and YAP1 stability in hepatocyte apoptosis and regeneration (PMID:11713278, PMID:26033966, PMID:23149915, PMID:29973405, PMID:17110454, PMID:29933112, PMID:34853447, PMID:35351855).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 30 steps
  1. 1990 Medium

    Establishing the architecture of the BCL3 product: identifying it as an ankyrin-repeat protein induced by mitogenic stimulation placed it among signaling/differentiation regulators and predicted protein-protein interaction function.

    Evidence Sequence analysis and Northern blot of the human BCL3 gene

    PMID:2180580

    Open questions at the time
    • No binding partner identified at this stage
    • Functional consequence of ankyrin repeats not tested biochemically
  2. 1992 High

    Defined BCL3 as an IκB-like factor specific for the NF-κB p50 subunit, answering which NF-κB component it engages and through which domain.

    Evidence In vitro binding of ankyrin-repeat constructs and EMSA against p50, p65, c-Rel

    PMID:1501714

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether binding activates or represses transcription not resolved
    • No structural detail on the contact interface
  3. 1994 High

    Resolved that BCL3 differs from canonical IκBα by acting in the nucleus and promoting nuclear entry of p50 rather than cytoplasmic retention, reframing it as a nuclear regulator.

    Evidence Immunofluorescence, cotransfection with p50/IκBα, and subcellular fractionation

    PMID:8196632

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of subnuclear redistribution unknown
    • Transcriptional output of nuclear p50-BCL3 not yet quantified
  4. 1997 Medium

    Showed BCL3 phosphorylation and stoichiometry switch its effect on p52 homodimers between enhancing and inhibiting κB binding, establishing a dose/modification-dependent activity model.

    Evidence EMSA, coprecipitation, and phosphatase treatment of phosphoforms

    PMID:9407099

    Open questions at the time
    • Responsible kinase not identified
    • In vivo relevance of higher-order inhibitory complex untested
  5. 1999 Medium

    Expanded BCL3 function beyond NF-κB by showing it bridges p50/p52 to nuclear coregulators and independently coactivates AP-1, defining it as a versatile transcriptional adaptor with an autonomous transactivation domain.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, co-IP, reporter assays, and fibroblast microinjection

    PMID:10362352 PMID:10497212

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological promoters of bridged complexes largely unmapped
    • Coactivator versus corepressor selection rules unclear
  6. 2001 Medium

    Linked BCL3 to proliferation control by demonstrating p52-cooperative activation of the cyclin D1 promoter and accelerated G1 progression, providing a mechanism for its oncogenic potential.

    Evidence Stable overexpression, flow cytometry, cyclin D1 reporter, and phospho-Rb Western

    PMID:11713278

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct chromatin occupancy at endogenous cyclin D1 not shown here
    • Contribution relative to other cyclin D1 regulators unquantified
  7. 2004 High

    Identified GSK3 as the kinase coupling BCL3 to proteasomal turnover and HDAC association, establishing phosphorylation-controlled stability and corepressor recruitment as the basis of its on/off switch.

    Evidence In vitro GSK3 kinase assay, proteasome inhibition, HDAC co-IP, and target gene readouts

    PMID:15469820

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase not identified at this stage
    • Phosphosites not mapped
  8. 2004 High

    Defined the anti-inflammatory BCL3/p50 axis in macrophages, showing HDAC-dependent repression of TNFα and activation of IL-10, and demonstrated p50-dependence of BCL3 expression.

    Evidence Bcl3−/− and p50−/− macrophages, TSA, HDAC-1 overexpression, and TNFα reporter assays

    PMID:15465827

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct chromatin targets defined only by reporter at this stage
    • Signal triggering nuclear BCL3 accumulation not specified
  9. 2004 High

    Established BCL3 (with p50) as required for disuse skeletal muscle atrophy, demonstrating a defined in vivo physiological NF-κB-dependent role.

    Evidence Bcl3−/− and Nfkb1−/− mice in a hindlimb unloading model with fiber and myosin analysis

    PMID:15546001

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct gene targets in muscle not yet identified (addressed later)
    • Upstream activating signal in unloaded muscle unclear
  10. 2005 Medium

    Connected BCL3 to genotoxic stress and p53 regulation, showing it suppresses persistent p53 activity by inducing Hdm2 and thereby inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis.

    Evidence BCL3 knockdown/overexpression with DNA damage, p53/Hdm2 Western, and apoptosis assays

    PMID:16384933

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct versus indirect Hdm2 promoter regulation unresolved
    • NF-κB dimer dependence of this effect not defined
  11. 2006 Medium

    Mapped cytokine inputs to BCL3, demonstrating IL-6/STAT3-driven induction via an intronic enhancer and BCL3 autorepression, embedding it in feedback control of inflammatory signaling.

    Evidence STAT3 ChIP and siRNA, HS4 reporter assays, STAT-motif mutagenesis

    PMID:16732314

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative contribution of autorepression in vivo unclear
    • Interaction with other enhancer inputs (NF-κB) not integrated
  12. 2009 Medium

    Extended BCL3 coactivator function to metabolic nuclear receptors by showing synergy with PGC-1α to coactivate ERRα and PPARα at PDK4, broadening its transcriptional repertoire beyond inflammation.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, ChIP at PDK4, and reporter assays in cardiac myocytes

    PMID:19451226

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological metabolic phenotype not tested in vivo
    • Whether p50/p52 participate in this complex unknown
  13. 2010 Medium

    Defined the degradation machinery for BCL3, identifying K48 polyubiquitination at K13/K26 and the proteasome subunit PSMB1 as required, while excluding FBW7.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid for PSMB1, pull-down/co-IP, PSMB1 siRNA, and lysine mutagenesis

    PMID:20558726

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase responsible for K48 chains remains unidentified
    • Link to upstream GSK3 phosphorylation not biochemically bridged
  14. 2010 Medium

    Identified CtBP1/LSD1 corepressor stabilization as a mechanism by which BCL3 sustains repression of pro-apoptotic genes and drives keratinocyte oncogenicity.

    Evidence Proteomic pulldown, co-IP, proteasome inhibition, siRNA, and apoptosis assays

    PMID:20547759

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct repressed target genes not comprehensively mapped
    • Generalizability beyond keratinocytes untested
  15. 2010 High

    Established a STAT3-dependent, p50-dependent role for BCL3 in restraining G-CSF-driven granulopoiesis, demonstrating its function as a brake on myeloid differentiation.

    Evidence Bcl3−/− mice, G-CSF stimulation, STAT3 inhibition, colony assays, and transplant injury model

    PMID:21157041

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets in progenitors not defined
    • Mechanism coupling STAT3 induction to NF-κB output unclear
  16. 2011 Medium

    Provided direct chromatin evidence that BCL3-p50 occupies κB sites on atrophy genes in unloaded muscle, converting the earlier genetic requirement into a direct transcriptional mechanism.

    Evidence ChIP in Bcl3−/− and Nfkb1−/− mice with gene expression profiling

    PMID:21249144

    Open questions at the time
    • Coregulators recruited at these sites not identified
    • Activation versus derepression mechanism per gene unresolved
  17. 2012 High

    Demonstrated a pro-metastatic role for BCL3 in ErbB2-driven mammary tumors, placing it upstream of motility-suppressing factors (Nme/Arhgdib/Timp).

    Evidence BCL3 KO in MMTV-Neu mice, siRNA in transplantation, motility and rescue assays

    PMID:23149915

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional control of motility genes not mapped at chromatin
    • NF-κB dimer dependence of metastatic effect unspecified
  18. 2014 Medium

    Defined an IKKε–CYLD signaling axis that converts pathogen recognition into ubiquitinated nuclear BCL3, providing the upstream pathway for context-specific repression of inflammation and TH2 skewing.

    Evidence siRNA of IKKε/CYLD/LSP1, phosphorylation assays, fractionation, and T-cell polarization

    PMID:24867235

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of ubiquitin linkage on BCL3 in this context unspecified
    • Single-lab pathway reconstruction not independently confirmed
  19. 2014 Medium

    Mapped the p50 residues required for the anti-inflammatory BCL3-p50 interaction and showed interaction-defective p50 is destabilized, demonstrating that BCL3 stabilizes p50 to enforce repression.

    Evidence Peptide array, co-IP, ubiquitination assays, and Nfkb1−/− reconstitution

    PMID:24459141

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural confirmation of the interface absent
    • E3 ligase ubiquitinating free p50 not identified
  20. 2014 Medium

    Established that BCL3 constrains Th1-to-Th17 plasticity and is required for autoimmune pathology, defining a T-cell-intrinsic function.

    Evidence Bcl3−/− T-cell transfer colitis and EAE models with flow cytometry and RORγt analysis

    PMID:25367572

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism linking BCL3 to RORγt not defined
    • NF-κB-dependence of the plasticity phenotype unclear
  21. 2015 High

    Showed BCL3 prevents p50 homodimer ubiquitination/degradation to prolong DNA binding and suppress inflammation specifically in acinar (non-myeloid) cells during pancreatitis, attributing cell-type specificity.

    Evidence Bcl3−/− mice, bone marrow chimeras, AP models, and p50 ubiquitination assays

    PMID:26526716

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase for p50 not identified
    • Upstream signal stabilizing BCL3 in acinar cells unspecified
  22. 2015 Medium

    Mapped the BCL3-p50 interface to ankyrin repeats 1/6/7 and N-terminus and validated it as a druggable target with an anti-inflammatory mimetic peptide in vivo.

    Evidence Peptide array mapping and ANK1-based mimetic peptide in TLR cytokine assays and paw edema

    PMID:25922067

    Open questions at the time
    • No high-resolution structure of the complex
    • Peptide selectivity over other ankyrin interactions untested
  23. 2015 Medium

    Demonstrated a pro-survival oncogenic role through AKT pathway activation in colorectal cancer, dependent on p50/p52 homodimer interaction.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression, AKT-pathway Westerns, confocal microscopy, and xenografts

    PMID:26033966

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which BCL3 activates AKT upstream signaling unclear
    • Direct transcriptional intermediaries not identified
  24. 2017 High

    Resolved the phosphorylation code controlling BCL3 fate: Akt-Ser33 switches K48 to K63 ubiquitination for nuclear stabilization, while Erk2/IKK at Ser114/Ser446 converts it into a DNA-recruited coregulator, unifying earlier stability and activity observations.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assays, S33A/S114A/S446A mutagenesis, K48/K63 ubiquitination assays, and proliferation/migration assays

    PMID:28689659

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligases mediating the K48-to-K63 switch not identified
    • Spatial coordination of these kinase inputs in vivo unresolved
  25. 2018 Medium

    Showed BCL3 drives glioblastoma EMT and temozolomide resistance via promoter-specific NF-κB dimer exchange with CAII as a downstream effector, linking dimer-switching to therapy resistance.

    Evidence Gain/loss-of-function in glioma, dimer analysis, acetazolamide, and xenograft survival

    PMID:29973405

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of promoter-selective dimer exchange undefined
    • CAII as sole mediator not established
  26. 2018 Medium

    Identified a TRAF6-CYLD-dependent cytoplasmic regulatory loop that deubiquitinates BCL3, sequesters it from the nucleus, and limits BCL3-p50-driven cyclin D1 to restrain osteoclastogenesis.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, pull-down/co-IP, osteoclast and bone resorption assays, cyclin D1 reporter

    PMID:29933112

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo bone phenotype of the axis not established
    • Direct deubiquitination of BCL3 by CYLD biochemically inferred
  27. 2019 Medium

    Established BCL3 as a β-catenin/TCF coactivator promoting intestinal stem cell gene expression (LGR5, ASCL2) and tumoursphere formation in colorectal cancer.

    Evidence siRNA, TCF/β-catenin reporter, qRT-PCR, and 3D spheroid assays

    PMID:30792270

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct chromatin occupancy at stem cell gene promoters not shown
    • Selectivity for LGR5/ASCL2 over Myc/cyclin D1 mechanistically unexplained
  28. 2020 Medium

    Provided a molecular mechanism for BCL3's Wnt coactivation: direct β-catenin binding maintains K49 acetylation by limiting HDAC1, sustaining Wnt activity and cancer stem cell self-renewal.

    Evidence Co-IP, Ac-K49-β-catenin Western, HDAC1 analysis, siRNA, Wnt3a stimulation, and sphere assays

    PMID:32355204

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether NF-κB participates in this complex unknown
    • Structural basis of BCL3 protecting K49 from HDAC1 unresolved
  29. 2021 Medium

    Defined a cytoplasmic pro-apoptotic role: BCL3-CYLD cooperation switches RIP1 ubiquitination to drive death-inducing Complex II in TNF-stimulated hepatocytes.

    Evidence Bcl3−/− mice, BCL3-CYLD co-IP, RIP1 ubiquitination and Complex II assays, TNF/D-GalN model

    PMID:34853447

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct enzymatic role of BCL3 in RIP1 ubiquitin editing unclear
    • Reconciliation with nuclear transcriptional functions not addressed
  30. 2022 Medium

    Revealed a regeneration function whereby BCL3 deubiquitinates and stabilizes YAP1 to induce Sox9 and hepatocyte reprogramming after partial hepatectomy.

    Evidence Lineage tracing, BCL3-YAP1 co-IP, YAP1 ubiquitination assays, and in vivo PHx

    PMID:35351855

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether BCL3 itself or an associated DUB mediates YAP1 deubiquitination unclear
    • Relationship to BCL3's apoptotic CYLD-RIP1 role in liver unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The E3 ligase(s) producing K48 versus K63 ubiquitin chains on BCL3 and on the p50 it protects remain unidentified, and no high-resolution structure of the BCL3-NF-κB complex or a unifying model reconciling its nuclear transcriptional and cytoplasmic ubiquitin-editing roles has been established.
  • Ubiquitin ligases acting on BCL3 and p50 unknown
  • No experimental structure of the BCL3-p50/p52 complex
  • Switch governing BCL3 between activator, repressor, and cytoplasmic DUB-adaptor roles undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 7 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 4 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0003677 DNA binding 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 2
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 6 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 1
Partners
CTBP1CTNNB1CYLDNFKB1NFKB2PSMB1TRAF6YAP1
Complex memberships
BCL3-NF-κB p50 homodimer complexBCL3-NF-κB p52 homodimer complexCtBP1/LSD1 corepressor complexERRα/PGC-1α coactivator complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 42 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1990 BCL3 encodes a protein containing seven tandem copies of the SWI6/cdc10 (ankyrin repeat) motif, identifying it as structurally related to cell cycle and differentiation regulators; its expression markedly increases following mitogenic stimulation of normal blood cells. Sequence analysis of human BCL3 gene; Northern blot expression analysis Cell Medium 2180580
1992 BCL3 protein functions as an IκB-like inhibitor specific for NF-κB p50 (not p65 or c-Rel); its ankyrin repeat domain mediates complex formation with NF-κB dimers by contacting the conserved dimerization domain of NF-κB. In vitro binding assay (ankyrin repeat domain constructs); electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA); specificity testing against p50, p65, c-Rel Nature High 1501714
1994 BCL3 is predominantly a nuclear protein; its N-terminus directs nuclear localization. Unlike IκBα, BCL3 does not retain p50 in the cytoplasm but instead alters subnuclear localization of p50 and can compete with IκBα to bring p50 into the nucleus. Immunofluorescence microscopy; cotransfection of BCL3 with p50 and IκBα constructs; subcellular fractionation Molecular and cellular biology High 8196632
1997 BCL3 phosphorylation modulates its interaction with NF-κB p52 homodimers in a concentration-dependent manner: at intermediate ratios all phosphoforms form a κB-binding complex with p52; at low BCL3/p52 ratios BCL3 enhances p52 binding and dissociates; at high ratios BCL3 forms an inhibitory higher-order complex. Gel-shift (EMSA); tagged-protein/tagged-DNA coprecipitation; phosphatase treatment to separate phosphoforms The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 9407099
1998 BCL3 interacts with retinoid X receptor (RXR) via two distinct subregions and functions as a transcriptional coactivator of 9-cis-RA-induced RXR transactivation, in contrast to IκBβ which inhibits RXR. BCL3 also interacts with general transcription factors TFIIB, TBP, and TFIIA. Yeast two-hybrid; GST pull-down assays; transient transfection reporter assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 9812988
1998 In thrombin-activated (anucleate) human platelets, BCL3 is synthesized de novo via a translational control pathway involving mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 (blocked by rapamycin and PI3K inhibitors); synthesized BCL3 binds to the SH3 domain of Fyn (p59fyn), a Src-related tyrosine kinase. Metabolic labeling; translational inhibitor experiments; rapamycin and PI3K inhibitor treatment; co-immunoprecipitation with Fyn Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 9576921
1998 GM-CSF and erythropoietin stimulation dramatically enhance nuclear translocation of BCL3 in erythroid progenitor cells; BCL3 binds to a κB enhancer in the c-myb promoter together with NF-κB2/p52 and activates c-myb reporter transcription in cooperation with p52 or p50. Western blot; nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation; EMSA; cotransfection reporter assays Blood Medium 9694711
1999 BCL3 acts as a bridging factor between NF-κB p50/p52 and nuclear co-regulators Jab1, Pirin, Tip60, and Bard1, all identified via its ankyrin repeat domain. BCL3, p50, and Bard1, Tip60, or Pirin form quaternary complexes on NF-κB DNA-binding sites; the histone acetyltransferase Tip60 enhances BCL3-p50-activated transcription through an NF-κB site. Yeast two-hybrid screen; co-immunoprecipitation; EMSA supershift; transient transfection reporter assays Oncogene Medium 10362352
1999 BCL3 stimulates AP-1 transactivation independently of NF-κB, either alone or with coactivators SRC-1 and CBP/p300. The C-terminal 158 residues of BCL3 contain an autonomous transactivation domain and interact directly with c-Jun, c-Fos, CBP/p300, and SRC-1; BCL3 co-precipitates with c-Jun in vivo and microinjection of BCL3 enhances DNA synthesis in fibroblasts. Yeast two-hybrid; GST pull-down; co-immunoprecipitation; transient transfection reporter assays; microinjection into Rat-1 fibroblasts The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 10497212
2000 IL-4 transcriptionally induces BCL3 expression via AP1 and AP1-like transcription factor binding sites in the BCL3 promoter (no TATA box); mutation of these sites abolishes IL-4-induced BCL3 promoter activity; Jun family protein overexpression transactivates the promoter and restores BCL3 expression without IL-4. Promoter cloning; gel-shift (EMSA); luciferase reporter assay; site-directed mutagenesis of AP1 sites; overexpression of Jun proteins Molecular and cellular biology Medium 10779330
2001 BCL3 acts as a transcriptional coactivator with NF-κB p52 homodimers to directly activate the cyclin D1 promoter through an NF-κB binding site, accelerating G1 cell cycle progression and increasing Rb hyperphosphorylation in breast epithelial cells. Stable cell line overexpression; cell cycle analysis (flow cytometry); luciferase reporter assay with cyclin D1 promoter; Western blot for phospho-Rb Molecular and cellular biology Medium 11713278
2001 BCL3 is an NF-κB-inducible gene: in HepG2 cells BCL3 is primarily cytoplasmic and is induced 6–12 h after TNF-α stimulation where it complexes with NF-κB1 homodimers; constitutively active RelA is sufficient to induce BCL3 expression via a κB2 site (−106 to −96) in the BCL3 promoter. BCL3 induction terminates nuclear NF-κB1 residence as part of an autoregulatory loop. Western blot; nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation; dominant-negative NF-κB inhibitor; luciferase reporter assay with BCL3 promoter constructs; site-directed mutagenesis of κB sites The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11387332
2003 NF-κB regulates BCL3 transcription in T lymphocytes through an intronic enhancer (HS3, within intron 2) containing a κB site; mutation of this site abolishes enhancer activity; cotransfection with NF-κB p65 dramatically increases luciferase activity and IκBα expression reduces it. DNase hypersensitivity mapping; luciferase reporter assay; EMSA; site-directed mutagenesis of κB site; cotransfection with p65 or IκBα Journal of immunology Medium 14530344
2004 BCL3 is a substrate for GSK3; GSK3-mediated phosphorylation (inhibited by Akt activation) targets BCL3 for proteasomal degradation and modulates its association with HDAC1, -3, and -6, thereby controlling expression of BCL3 target genes (e.g., SLPI, Cxcl1) and attenuating BCL3 oncogenicity. In vitro kinase assay with GSK3; proteasome inhibitor treatment; co-immunoprecipitation with HDACs; overexpression/knockdown in cells; gene expression analysis Molecular cell High 15469820
2004 BCL3 and NF-κB p50 function as anti-inflammatory regulators in macrophages by attenuating TNFα transcription (via p50 homodimer binding to TNFα κB sites) and activating IL-10 expression; BCL3-mediated repression involves histone deacetylase recruitment (reversed by trichostatin A, enhanced by HDAC-1 overexpression); BCL3 expression is severely diminished in p50-deficient macrophages. Knockout mouse macrophages (BCL3−/− and p50−/−); forced BCL3 expression; HDAC inhibitor (trichostatin A); HDAC-1 overexpression; luciferase reporter assays with TNFα promoter The Journal of biological chemistry High 15465827
2004 Knockout of Bcl3 (or p50) in mice prevents unloading-induced skeletal muscle fiber atrophy and abolishes NF-κB reporter activity in unloaded soleus/plantaris muscles, demonstrating that both genes are necessary for disuse atrophy and the associated slow-to-fast myosin isoform shift. Bcl3−/− and Nfkb1−/− knockout mice; hindlimb unloading model; fiber cross-sectional area measurement; NF-κB reporter gene assay in muscle; myosin isoform analysis The Journal of clinical investigation High 15546001
2005 BCL3 is induced by DNA damage and is required for induction of Hdm2 gene expression, thereby suppressing persistent p53 activity; constitutive BCL3 expression suppresses DNA damage-induced p53 activation and inhibits p53-induced apoptosis through Hdm2 upregulation. BCL3 knockdown and overexpression; DNA damage treatments; Western blot for p53 and Hdm2; apoptosis assays; reporter assays for p53 activity Genes & development Medium 16384933
2006 IL-6 induces BCL3 expression via STAT3 binding to an intronic enhancer (HS4) in the BCL3 gene; Stat3 siRNA abolishes IL-6-induced BCL3 expression; BCL3 represses its own transcription via NF-κB sites in the promoter and HS3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for STAT3; siRNA knockdown of STAT3; luciferase reporter assays with HS4 constructs; site-directed mutagenesis of STAT motifs; BCL3 overexpression feedback assay Oncogene Medium 16732314
2006 mTOR-dependent synthesis of BCL3 in activated platelets is required for fibrin clot retraction: rapamycin blocks clot retraction; BCL3−/− mouse platelets have defective fibrin retraction mimicking rapamycin treatment; conversely, BCL3 overexpression in a surrogate cell line enhances clot retraction. Rapamycin treatment of human platelets; BCL3−/− knockout mice; fibrin clot retraction assay; BCL3 overexpression in cell line Blood High 17110454
2007 BCL3 interacts with the CREB coactivator TORC3 via its ankyrin repeat domain and represses HTLV-1 LTR-mediated transcription in a TORC3-dependent manner; BCL3-mediated repression is partially reversed by the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A; BCL3 knockdown enhances CRE-mediated transcriptional activation. Yeast two-hybrid; GST pull-down; co-immunoprecipitation; luciferase reporter assay; siRNA knockdown of BCL3; HDAC inhibitor treatment The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 17644518
2008 EBV LMP1-CTAR1 induces BCL3 mRNA and nuclear translocation of BCL3 and p50 via constitutive STAT3 activation (not through IL-6); increased nuclear BCL3–p50 homodimer complexes positively regulate EGFR expression by binding NF-κB sites in the EGFR promoter (detected by ChIP). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on EGFR promoter; STAT3 inhibitor treatment; Western blot; qRT-PCR; BCL3 and p50 nuclear fractionation Journal of virology Medium 18367518
2009 BCL3 interacts with PGC-1α and ERRα to coactivate ERRα-responsive target genes (e.g., PDK4) in cardiac myocytes; BCL3 synergizes with PGC-1α to coactivate ERRα and PPARα; a complex of ERRα, PGC-1α, and BCL3 is detected by ChIP on the PDK4 promoter ERRα-responsive element. Yeast two-hybrid; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); luciferase reporter assay; transcriptional profiling; coactivation assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 19451226
2010 BCL3 stabilizes CtBP1 by blocking proteasome-dependent degradation via a PXDLS/R motif-mediated interaction; Bcl3-dependent CtBP1 stabilization sustains repression of pro-apoptotic genes during apoptotic stimulation; the LSD1/CtBP complex is required for BCL3 transcriptional repression and oncogenic potential in keratinocytes. Proteomic pulldown (biochemical purification); co-immunoprecipitation; proteasome inhibitor treatment; siRNA knockdown; apoptosis assays Molecular and cellular biology Medium 20547759
2010 BCL3 degradation requires polyubiquitination at Lys13 and Lys26 (K48-linked) and binding to proteasome subunit PSMB1; PSMB1-depleted cells are defective in degrading polyubiquitinated BCL3; the E3 ligase FBW7 is dispensable for BCL3 degradation. Yeast two-hybrid (PSMB1 identification); GST pull-down; co-immunoprecipitation; PSMB1 siRNA depletion; ubiquitination assays; lysine mutagenesis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 20558726
2010 G-CSF stimulation rapidly induces BCL3 expression in myeloid progenitors in a STAT3-dependent manner; BCL3 protein accumulation attenuates granulopoiesis in an NF-κB p50-dependent manner; BCL3-deficient myeloid progenitors show enhanced proliferation and differentiation into granulocytes following G-CSF stimulation. BCL3−/− mice; G-CSF stimulation of myeloid progenitors; STAT3 inhibitor; p50-dependent genetic interaction; colony-forming assays; transplant model of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury The Journal of clinical investigation High 21157041
2011 BCL3 directly binds to κB sites on atrophy-related genes (Trim63/MuRF1, Fbxo32/MAFbx, Ubc, Ctsl, Runx1, Tnfrsf12a, Cxcl10) in unloaded muscle, acting as a direct transcriptional regulator of these atrophy targets in complex with p50; p65 binding to the same sites decreased with unloading. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in BCL3−/− and Nfkb1−/− mice; gene expression profiling; chromatin occupancy comparison between wild-type and KO PloS one Medium 21249144
2012 BCL3 deletion in ErbB2-driven mammary tumors reduces metastasis (75% reduction in metastatic burden) and decreases tumor cell motility; BCL3 knockdown increases expression of migration inhibitors Nme1, Nme2, Nme3, Arhgdib, Timp1, and Timp2; independent knockdown of Nme1, Nme2, and Arhgdib partially rescues the motility phenotype, placing BCL3 upstream of these factors. BCL3-knockout in MMTV-Neu mice; siRNA knockdown in transplantation model; cell motility assays; gene expression analysis; rescue experiments Cancer research High 23149915
2014 DC-SIGN recognition of fucose-expressing pathogens activates BCL3 via an IKKε–CYLD signaling axis: TLR-induced MK2 phosphorylates LSP1, recruiting IKKε and CYLD; IKKε suppresses CYLD deubiquitinase activity, leading to ubiquitinated BCL3 nuclear translocation. Nuclear BCL3 represses proinflammatory cytokine expression while enhancing IL-10 and TH2 chemokine expression. siRNA knockdown of IKKε, CYLD, LSP1; phosphorylation assays; nuclear fractionation; cytokine reporter assays; T-cell polarization assays Nature communications Medium 24867235
2014 BCL3-mediated inhibition of inflammatory gene expression requires direct interaction with NF-κB p50; amino acids 359-361 and 363 of p50 are critical for BCL3-p50 interaction; interaction-defective p50 is hyperubiquitinated with reduced half-life, and its expression in Nfkb1−/− cells recapitulates a Bcl3−/− hyperinflammatory phenotype. Immobilized peptide array; co-immunoprecipitation; ubiquitination assays; inflammatory gene expression assays; Nfkb1−/− cell reconstitution The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 24459141
2014 BCL3 constrains differentiated Th1 cell plasticity, preventing their conversion to Th17-like cells in part through mechanisms involving RORγt expression; BCL3-deficient T cells fail to induce colitis or EAE, with a decrease in IFN-γ/GM-CSF-producing Th1 cells and an increase in Th17 cells. BCL3−/− T-cell transfer colitis model; EAE model; flow cytometry; cytokine analysis; RORγt expression analysis Immunity Medium 25367572
2015 BCL3 promotes colorectal tumor cell survival via activation of the AKT signaling pathway (both PI3K- and mTOR-dependent), leading to phosphorylation of GSK-3β and FoxO1/3a; this survival function is dependent on interaction with NF-κB p50 or p52 homodimers. siRNA knockdown and exogenous BCL3 expression; Western blot for AKT pathway components; confocal microscopy; mouse xenograft in vivo experiments Gut Medium 26033966
2015 BCL3 inhibits ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p50 homodimers, thereby prolonging binding of NF-κB to DNA and suppressing NF-κB heterodimer-mediated inflammatory gene expression in acinar cells during acute pancreatitis; BCL3 expression in acinar (non-myeloid) cells, but not myeloid cells, is required for reduction of pancreatic inflammation (bone marrow chimera experiments). BCL3−/− mice; bone marrow chimera experiments; cerulein/sodium taurocholate AP models; p50 ubiquitination assays; NF-κB binding assays; FACS analysis of immune cells Gastroenterology High 26526716
2015 BCL3 interacts with NF-κB p50 via contacts at ankyrin repeats 1, 6, and 7 and the N-terminal region of BCL3; a BCL3-derived mimetic peptide (based on ANK1) inhibits TLR-induced cytokine expression in vitro and prevents inflammation in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in vivo. Immobilized peptide array mapping; cargo peptide delivery in vitro and in vivo; TLR-stimulated cytokine assay; carrageenan paw edema model The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 25922067
2015 BCL3 in T cells promotes Th1 pathogenicity and constrains conversion to Th17 fate; in Treg cells, BCL3 associates directly with NF-κB p50 to inhibit DNA binding of p50/p50 and p50/p65 dimers, and T-cell-specific BCL3 overexpression causes defective Treg development and spontaneous colitis. T-cell-specific BCL3 transgenic mice; BCL3−/− Treg analysis; co-immunoprecipitation of BCL3 with p50; EMSA for p50/p50 and p50/p65 DNA binding; flow cytometry; colitis model Nature communications Medium 28452361
2017 Akt, Erk2, and IKK1/2 are kinases that phosphorylate BCL3. Akt phosphorylation of Ser33 induces switching from K48 to K63 ubiquitination, promoting nuclear localization and stabilization of BCL3. Erk2 and IKK1/2 phosphorylation of Ser114 and Ser446 converts BCL3 into a transcriptional coregulator by facilitating its recruitment to DNA. S114A/S446A mutant cells show proliferation and migration defects. In vitro kinase assays (Akt, Erk2, IKK1/2); site-directed mutagenesis (S33A, S114A, S446A); ubiquitination assays (K48 vs K63 linkage); nuclear localization assays; cell proliferation and migration assays Molecular cell High 28689659
2018 BCL3 promotes glioblastoma epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through promoter-specific NF-κB dimer exchange, with carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) identified as a downstream factor mediating BCL3-mediated resistance to temozolomide. BCL3 overexpression/knockdown in glioma cells; NF-κB dimer analysis; CAII inhibitor (acetazolamide) treatment; glioma xenograft mouse models; survival analysis Science translational medicine Medium 29973405
2018 BCL3 interacts with TRAF6 through its ankyrin-repeat domain and inhibits osteoclastogenesis; TRAF6 interacts with CYLD to mediate BCL3 deubiquitination, facilitating cytoplasmic accumulation of BCL3 and repressing BCL3-p50 complex-mediated cyclin D1 transcription. Yeast two-hybrid (BCL3-TRAF6 interaction); GST pull-down; co-immunoprecipitation; osteoclast differentiation assays; bone resorption pit assays; luciferase reporter assay for cyclin D1 Bone Medium 29933112
2019 BCL3 acts as a co-activator of β-catenin/TCF-mediated transcriptional activity in colorectal cancer cells; BCL3 knockdown reduced β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription and expression of intestinal stem cell genes LGR5 and ASCL2 (but not Myc or cyclin D1), and decreased spheroid/tumoursphere formation. siRNA knockdown; luciferase reporter assay (TCF/β-catenin); qRT-PCR for target genes; 3D spheroid/tumoursphere formation assays Disease models & mechanisms Medium 30792270
2020 BCL3 binds directly to β-catenin and maintains the acetylation of β-catenin at lysine 49 (Ac-K49-β-catenin) by limiting HDAC1-mediated deacetylation, thereby sustaining Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity and colorectal cancer stem cell self-renewal. Co-immunoprecipitation (BCL3-β-catenin); Western blot for Ac-K49-β-catenin; HDAC1 expression analysis; BCL3 siRNA knockdown; Wnt3a stimulation; colorectal sphere formation assays Signal transduction and targeted therapy Medium 32355204
2021 BCL3 promotes TNF-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by interacting with the deubiquitinase CYLD to synergistically switch RIP1 ubiquitination status and facilitate formation of the death-inducing Complex II, activating the caspase cascade; BCL3-deficient mice are protected against TNF/D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity. BCL3−/− mice; co-immunoprecipitation (BCL3-CYLD); RIP1 ubiquitination assays; Complex II formation assays; caspase activation assays; TNF/D-GalN hepatotoxicity model Cell death and differentiation Medium 34853447
2022 BCL3 forms a complex with YAP1 and deubiquitinates it, facilitating nuclear translocation of YAP1 and upregulation of Sox9, which promotes mature hepatocyte conversion to Sox9+HNF4α+ hepatocytes for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Chimeric lineage tracing; co-immunoprecipitation (BCL3-YAP1); YAP1 ubiquitination assays; BCL3 knockdown/overexpression; immunofluorescence; in vivo PHx model Cell death & disease Medium 35351855
2005 Akt1 phosphorylates Bcl10 (at Ser218 and Ser231) in response to TNFα; phosphorylated Bcl10 subsequently complexes with BCL3 to enter the nucleus; depletion of BCL3 blocks Bcl10 nuclear translocation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation; EMSA; Akt1 kinase assay; co-immunoprecipitation (Bcl10-BCL3); BCL3 siRNA knockdown; nuclear fractionation The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 16280327

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1990 The candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 is related to genes implicated in cell lineage determination and cell cycle control. Cell 452 2180580
1999 The Bcl-3 oncoprotein acts as a bridging factor between NF-kappaB/Rel and nuclear co-regulators. Oncogene 271 10362352
1998 Signal-dependent translation of a regulatory protein, Bcl-3, in activated human platelets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 233 9576921
1992 Candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 encodes a subunit-specific inhibitor of transcription factor NF-kappa B. Nature 223 1501714
2001 Immunological adjuvants promote activated T cell survival via induction of Bcl-3. Nature immunology 192 11323692
2004 Disruption of either the Nfkb1 or the Bcl3 gene inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy. The Journal of clinical investigation 188 15546001
2004 BCL-3 and NF-kappaB p50 attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. The Journal of biological chemistry 171 15465827
2001 The putative oncoprotein Bcl-3 induces cyclin D1 to stimulate G(1) transition. Molecular and cellular biology 160 11713278
1997 Immunological defects in mice with a targeted disruption in Bcl-3. Genes & development 139 9009202
2014 Fucose-specific DC-SIGN signalling directs T helper cell type-2 responses via IKKε- and CYLD-dependent Bcl3 activation. Nature communications 129 24867235
2011 MiR-125b targets BCL3 and suppresses ovarian cancer proliferation. International journal of cancer 128 20658525
2005 Expression of the Bcl-3 proto-oncogene suppresses p53 activation. Genes & development 121 16384933
2006 mTOR-dependent synthesis of Bcl-3 controls the retraction of fibrin clots by activated human platelets. Blood 117 17110454
2004 GSK3-mediated BCL-3 phosphorylation modulates its degradation and its oncogenicity. Molecular cell 113 15469820
2010 Bcl3 prevents acute inflammatory lung injury in mice by restraining emergency granulopoiesis. The Journal of clinical investigation 107 21157041
2005 Elevated NF-kappaB p50 complex formation and Bcl-3 expression in classical Hodgkin, anaplastic large-cell, and other peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Blood 105 16123212
1994 BCL3 encodes a nuclear protein which can alter the subcellular location of NF-kappa B proteins. Molecular and cellular biology 100 8196632
1997 BCL3 rearrangements and t(14;19) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell malignancies: a molecular and cytogenetic study. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 97 9290956
2000 Bcl-3 expression promotes cell survival following interleukin-4 deprivation and is controlled by AP1 and AP1-like transcription factors. Molecular and cellular biology 89 10779330
1995 Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: evidence of linkage to BCL3 in 17 multigenerational families. American journal of human genetics 89 7668251
2003 Estrogen withdrawal-induced NF-kappaB activity and bcl-3 expression in breast cancer cells: roles in growth and hormone independence. Molecular and cellular biology 88 12972607
2001 NF-kappa B-inducible BCL-3 expression is an autoregulatory loop controlling nuclear p50/NF-kappa B1 residence. The Journal of biological chemistry 84 11387332
2007 A comprehensive genetic and histopathologic analysis identifies two subgroups of B-cell malignancies carrying a t(14;19)(q32;q13) or variant BCL3-translocation. Leukemia 79 17495977
2011 Role of Bcl-3 in solid tumors. Molecular cancer 78 22195643
2008 Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor through effects on Bcl-3 and STAT3. Journal of virology 76 18367518
1997 Diverse effects of BCL3 phosphorylation on its modulation of NF-kappaB p52 homodimer binding to DNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 76 9407099
2008 Bcl-3, a multifaceted modulator of NF-kappaB-mediated gene transcription. Immunologic research 74 19002607
2011 Identification of genes that elicit disuse muscle atrophy via the transcription factors p50 and Bcl-3. PloS one 68 21249144
2012 Bcl3 selectively promotes metastasis of ERBB2-driven mammary tumors. Cancer research 65 23149915
1997 t(14;19)/BCL3 rearrangements in lymphoproliferative disorders: a review of 23 cases. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics 65 9078289
1998 Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and altered immunoglobulin production in BCL3 transgenic mice. Oncogene 64 9620550
2006 BCL3 is induced by IL-6 via Stat3 binding to intronic enhancer HS4 and represses its own transcription. Oncogene 63 16732314
1999 Bcl3, an IkappaB protein, stimulates activating protein-1 transactivation and cellular proliferation. The Journal of biological chemistry 61 10497212
1999 Interleukin-9 regulates NF-kappaB activity through BCL3 gene induction. Blood 59 10361130
2021 The hepatic senescence-associated secretory phenotype promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through Bcl3-dependent activation of macrophages. Cell & bioscience 51 34530917
2002 High-level expression of BCL3 differentiates t(2;5)(p23;q35)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma from Hodgkin disease. Blood 51 12456498
2018 BCL3 expression promotes resistance to alkylating chemotherapy in gliomas. Science translational medicine 50 29973405
2014 Inhibition of transcription by B cell Leukemia 3 (Bcl-3) protein requires interaction with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p50. The Journal of biological chemistry 49 24459141
2002 Bcl-3 is an interleukin-1-responsive gene in chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts that activates transcription of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene. Arthritis and rheumatism 49 12483727
1998 Bcl-3 expression and nuclear translocation are induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin in proliferating human erythroid precursors. Blood 49 9694711
2018 The proto-oncogene Bcl3 induces immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression, mediating proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 48 30135206
2017 Bcl3: a regulator of NF-κB inducible by TWEAK in acute kidney injury with anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in tubular cells. Experimental & molecular medicine 48 28684863
1996 BCL3 rearrangement and t(14;19)(q32;q13) in lymphoproliferative disorders. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 48 8824724
2022 Bcl-3: A Double-Edged Sword in Immune Cells and Inflammation. Frontiers in immunology 47 35355979
2017 Bcl3 Phosphorylation by Akt, Erk2, and IKK Is Required for Its Transcriptional Activity. Molecular cell 46 28689659
2015 BCL-3 expression promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through activation of AKT signalling. Gut 41 26033966
2010 Bcl3-dependent stabilization of CtBP1 is crucial for the inhibition of apoptosis and tumor progression in breast cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 39 20800578
2005 A pathway for tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced Bcl10 nuclear translocation. Bcl10 is up-regulated by NF-kappaB and phosphorylated by Akt1 and then complexes with Bcl3 to enter the nucleus. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 16280327
2014 The oncoprotein and transcriptional regulator Bcl-3 governs plasticity and pathogenicity of autoimmune T cells. Immunity 38 25367572
2012 Expression of Id proteins is regulated by the Bcl-3 proto-oncogene in prostate cancer. Oncogene 36 22580608
2009 Bcl3 interacts cooperatively with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator 1alpha to coactivate nuclear receptors estrogen-related receptor alpha and PPARalpha. Molecular and cellular biology 36 19451226
2004 Immunohistochemical detection of BCL-3 in lymphoid neoplasms: a survey of 353 cases. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 36 15105810
2003 NF-kappa B regulates BCL3 transcription in T lymphocytes through an intronic enhancer. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 36 14530344
2020 Bcl-3 promotes Wnt signaling by maintaining the acetylation of β-catenin at lysine 49 in colorectal cancer. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 35 32355204
2018 BCL3-PVRL2-TOMM40 SNPs, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on dyslipidemia. Scientific reports 34 29670124
2016 BCL3 exerts an oncogenic function by regulating STAT3 in human cervical cancer. OncoTargets and therapy 33 27822067
2015 Pirin regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition independently of Bcl3-Slug signaling. FEBS letters 33 25680527
2010 The repressing function of the oncoprotein BCL-3 requires CtBP, while its polyubiquitination and degradation involve the E3 ligase TBLR1. Molecular and cellular biology 33 20547759
1998 Bcl3, an IkappaB protein, as a novel transcription coactivator of the retinoid X receptor. The Journal of biological chemistry 33 9812988
2015 BCL3 Reduces the Sterile Inflammatory Response in Pancreatic and Biliary Tissues. Gastroenterology 32 26526716
2010 Roles of Bcl-3 in the pathogenesis of murine type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 32 20622172
2019 BCL-3 promotes a cancer stem cell phenotype by enhancing β-catenin signalling in colorectal tumour cells. Disease models & mechanisms 30 30792270
2015 Bcl3 Bridges LIF-STAT3 to Oct4 Signaling in the Maintenance of Naïve Pluripotency. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 30 26303070
2023 B-cell-derived IL-10 promotes allergic sensitization in asthma regulated by Bcl-3. Cellular & molecular immunology 27 37653127
2017 Elevated levels of Bcl-3 inhibits Treg development and function resulting in spontaneous colitis. Nature communications 27 28452361
2015 Role of Bcl-3 in the development of follicular helper T cells and in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 27 26138292
2015 Hypoxia accelerates vascular repair of endothelial colony-forming cells on ischemic injury via STAT3-BCL3 axis. Stem cell research & therapy 27 26219963
2020 The role of B-Cell Lymphoma-3 (BCL-3) in enabling the hallmarks of cancer: implications for the treatment of colorectal carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 26 31930327
2016 Regulation of the Adaptive Immune Response by the IκB Family Protein Bcl-3. Cells 26 27023613
2015 Mapping the Interaction of B Cell Leukemia 3 (BCL-3) and Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) p50 Identifies a BCL-3-mimetic Anti-inflammatory Peptide. The Journal of biological chemistry 26 25922067
2016 BCL-3 promotes the tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cell proliferation and the cell cycle through cyclin D1. Oncology reports 25 26882953
2009 Bcl-3 acts as an innate immune modulator by controlling antimicrobial responses in keratinocytes. The Journal of investigative dermatology 25 19282837
2015 Shh and p50/Bcl3 signaling crosstalk drives pathogenesis of BCCs in Gorlin syndrome. Oncotarget 24 26413810
2006 Splenic small B-cell lymphoma with IGH/BCL3 translocation. Human pathology 24 16426923
2010 Activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) oncoprotein Tax increases Bcl3 expression, which is associated with enhanced growth of HTLV-1-infected T cells. Virology 23 20471052
2010 BCL-3 degradation involves its polyubiquitination through a FBW7-independent pathway and its binding to the proteasome subunit PSMB1. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 20558726
2024 Multifaceted roles for BCL3 in cancer: a proto-oncogene comes of age. Molecular cancer 22 38195591
2021 Bcl-3 promotes TNF-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by regulating the deubiquitination of RIP1. Cell death and differentiation 22 34853447
2013 Bcl-3 deficiency protects against dextran-sodium sulphate-induced colitis in the mouse. Clinical and experimental immunology 22 23607276
2007 BCL3 acts as a negative regulator of transcription from the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 long terminal repeat through interactions with TORC3. The Journal of biological chemistry 22 17644518
2002 Evidence that BCL3 plays a role in the etiology of nonsyndromic oral clefts in Brazilian families. Genetic epidemiology 22 12432504
1994 Genomic structure of the candidate proto-oncogene BCL3. Genomics 22 7896265
2019 Knockdown of long non-coding RNA LINC00176 suppresses ovarian cancer progression by BCL3-mediated down-regulation of ceruloplasmin. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 21 31668012
2022 LPS/Bcl3/YAP1 signaling promotes Sox9+HNF4α+ hepatocyte-mediated liver regeneration after hepatectomy. Cell death & disease 19 35351855
2015 Low expression of IL-6 and TNF-α correlates with the presence of the nuclear regulators of NF-κB, IκBNS and BCL-3, in the uterus of mice. Molecular immunology 19 26442662
2009 CL097, a TLR7/8 ligand, inhibits TLR-4--dependent activation of IRAK-M and BCL-3 expression. Shock (Augusta, Ga.) 19 19333135
2020 LncRNA CRNDE affects the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in abdominal aortic aneurysms by regulating the expression of Smad3 by Bcl-3. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 18 32240036
2018 Alternative NF-κB signaling promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through transcriptionally upregulating Bcl-3. Oncogene 18 29973688
2013 Overexpression of Bcl-3 inhibits the development of marginal zone B cells. European journal of immunology 18 24242374
2021 The Discovery of a Novel Antimetastatic Bcl3 Inhibitor. Molecular cancer therapeutics 17 33649105
2019 Expression Of Intracellular Components of the NF-κB Alternative Pathway (NF-κB2, RelB, NIK and Bcl3) is Associated With Clinical Outcome of NSCLC Patients. Scientific reports 17 31586084
2022 EGFR ligands synergistically increase IL-17A-induced expression of psoriasis signature genes in human keratinocytes via IκBζ and Bcl3. European journal of immunology 16 35411943
2019 MicroRNA-627-5p inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting BCL3 transcription coactivator. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 16 31793036
2015 Decoy Receptor DcR1 Is Induced in a p50/Bcl3-Dependent Manner and Attenuates the Efficacy of Temozolomide. Cancer research 16 25808868
2015 Changes in expression induced by Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1-CTAR1: potential role of bcl3. mBio 16 25873381
2015 Variant of BCL3 gene is strongly associated with five-year survival of non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 16 26122346
2009 Differential parental transmission of markers in BCL3 among Korean cleft case-parent trios. Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi 16 19229118
2022 Ferroptosis-Related APOE, BCL3 and ALOX5AP Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with the Risk of Thyroid Cancer. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine 15 35241926
2021 Bcl3 Couples Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment With Pancreatic Cancer Molecular Subtypes. Gastroenterology 15 33819482
2018 BCL3 regulates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by interacting with TRAF6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Bone 15 29933112

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