Affinage

BCAM

Basal cell adhesion molecule · UniProt P50895

Length
628 aa
Mass
67.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

BCAM (Lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule) is an immunoglobulin superfamily transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a high-affinity laminin α5-chain receptor and mediates cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesion in erythrocytes, endothelium, epithelia, and trophoblast progenitor cells (PMID:7954395, PMID:12506027, PMID:35020896, PMID:35947947). Its adhesive activity is positively regulated by β2-adrenergic receptor/cAMP/Epac/Rap1/PKA signaling, which phosphorylates the cytoplasmic tail, and negatively regulated by spectrin binding at the RK573-574 motif and by cis-inhibition from glycophorin-C sialic acids, with spectrin dissociation activating a RhoA–actin stress fiber remodeling pathway (PMID:12506027, PMID:15613546, PMID:20092464, PMID:21434869, PMID:29344581). BCAM also serves as the high-affinity cell-surface receptor for E. coli CNF1 toxin via its second Ig-like domain (KD ~2.8 nM), engages α4β1 integrin on reticulocytes to promote sickle cell–endothelium adhesion, and forms an oncogenic BCAM–AKT2 fusion kinase in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (PMID:24453976, PMID:29267242, PMID:17158232, PMID:25733895). In tissue homeostasis, BCAM marks and functionally maintains trophoblast and limbal epithelial progenitor populations and regulates biliary ductular reaction during liver regeneration (PMID:35020896, PMID:35947947, PMID:30059007).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 1994 High

    Molecular cloning established BCAM as an immunoglobulin superfamily member with a V-V-C2-C2-C2 ectodomain architecture, predicting a role in cell adhesion that became the foundation for all subsequent functional studies.

    Evidence cDNA expression cloning, sequence analysis, and FISH mapping to 19q13.2–13.3

    PMID:7954395

    Open questions at the time
    • No ligand or binding partner identified at this stage
    • No functional adhesion assay performed
  2. 2002 High

    Demonstration that epinephrine/cAMP/PKA signaling activates Lu/BCAM-mediated sickle RBC adhesion to laminin established the first signaling pathway controlling BCAM adhesive function and linked the molecule to sickle cell vaso-occlusion.

    Evidence Pharmacological stimulation (epinephrine, forskolin), PKA inhibition, and soluble BCAM/Lu blocking in sickle RBC adhesion assays

    PMID:12506027

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific phosphorylation sites on BCAM cytoplasmic tail not mapped
    • Downstream signaling intermediates between PKA and BCAM activation unresolved
  3. 2004 High

    Identification of Epac/Rap1 as the cAMP-dependent intermediate upstream of BCAM activation resolved the signaling cascade as β2AR → cAMP → Epac → Rap1 → Lu/BCAM, distinct from integrin-dependent pathways.

    Evidence Epac-specific cAMP analog stimulation, GTP-Rap1 pulldown, adhesion blockade with soluble BCAM/Lu and anti-BCAM antibody in sickle RBCs

    PMID:15613546

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical interaction between Rap1 effectors and BCAM not shown
    • Whether Rap1 acts on BCAM trafficking or conformation remains unresolved
  4. 2006 High

    Discovery that endothelial Lu/BCAM serves as a counter-receptor for α4β1 integrin on sickle RBCs under flow revealed a heterotypic adhesion axis contributing to vaso-occlusion beyond the laminin interaction.

    Evidence Flow-based adhesion assays with Lu-Fc chimeric protein, integrin activation, and soluble Lu-Fc blockade on primary HUVECs

    PMID:17158232

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding site on Lu/BCAM for α4β1 not mapped
    • Relative contribution of Lu/BCAM–integrin vs. Lu/BCAM–laminin axes in vivo not quantified
  5. 2007 High

    JAK2 V617F in polycythemia vera was shown to constitutively phosphorylate and upregulate Lu/BCAM, establishing a disease mechanism for abnormal erythrocyte adhesion in myeloproliferative neoplasms.

    Evidence Flow cytometry, adhesion assays, and K562 cells transfected with JAK2 V617F, with anti-Lu/BCAM blocking

    PMID:17412890

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct JAK2-BCAM substrate relationship not demonstrated with purified kinase
    • Whether JAK2 V617F acts on the same cytoplasmic tail sites as PKA is unclear
  6. 2010 High

    Identification of the spectrin-binding RK573-574 motif as a negative regulator of BCAM adhesion explained how cytoskeletal anchorage restrains BCAM activity and why hereditary spherocytosis RBCs show enhanced laminin binding.

    Evidence Triton extraction, site-directed mutagenesis (RK573-574AA) in K562 cells, and flow-based adhesion assays

    PMID:20092464

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of spectrin–BCAM interaction not resolved
    • Whether PKA phosphorylation and spectrin binding are coordinated or independent remains unclear
  7. 2011 High

    Extending the spectrin-BCAM axis to non-erythroid cells, disruption of the RK573-574 motif was shown to enhance BCAM surface half-life and trigger a laminin 511/521 → Lu/BCAM → αII-spectrin → RhoA → actin stress fiber pathway, linking BCAM to cytoskeletal remodeling.

    Evidence Co-IP of αII-spectrin with BCAM, RK573-574AA mutagenesis in MDCK cells, RhoA activation assay, phalloidin staining

    PMID:21434869

    Open questions at the time
    • Intermediary GEF connecting BCAM/spectrin disruption to RhoA activation not identified
    • Relevance of this pathway in vivo not tested
  8. 2013 High

    BCAM was identified as a transcriptional target repressed by the 14-3-3β–FBI1/Akirin2 oncogenic complex, and BCAM overexpression abolished anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity in hepatoma cells, revealing a context-dependent tumor-suppressive role.

    Evidence Microarray, ChIP for promoter binding, BCAM overexpression in K2 hepatoma cells with soft agar, migration, invasion, and xenograft assays

    PMID:24223164

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which BCAM suppresses anchorage-independent growth not defined
    • Whether BCAM tumor-suppressive function depends on laminin binding unknown
  9. 2014 High

    Identification of Lu/BCAM as the essential cell-surface receptor for E. coli CNF1 toxin opened an unexpected role in host–pathogen interaction, with subsequent biophysical mapping placing the binding site on Ig-like domain 2 at 2.8 nM affinity.

    Evidence Co-precipitation with tagged toxin, Lu/BCAM-deficient cell assays (2014); SPR and SAXS stoichiometry determination (2017)

    PMID:24453976 PMID:29267242

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural model of the BCAM–CNF1 interface at atomic resolution not available
    • Whether BCAM mediates CNF1 internalization or only surface binding is not fully resolved
  10. 2014 High

    Hydroxycarbamide was shown to reduce sickle cell adhesion by activating PDE4A to lower cAMP and decrease endothelial Lu/BCAM phosphorylation, providing a pharmacological mechanism linking to the PKA/Epac signaling axis.

    Evidence Adhesion assays on HC-treated endothelial cells, PDE4A expression, cAMP measurement, Lu/BCAM phosphorylation analysis

    PMID:24616094

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific phosphorylation site(s) reduced by HC not mapped
    • In vivo relevance of PDE4A-BCAM axis in treated sickle cell patients not confirmed
  11. 2015 High

    Discovery of the recurrent BCAM–AKT2 fusion in ~7% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas demonstrated that BCAM's transmembrane domain can tether AKT2 kinase to the membrane, generating a constitutively active oncogenic kinase.

    Evidence RNA-seq fusion detection, RT-PCR, Western blot, kinase activity assay, CRISPR/Cas9-generated translocation in OVCAR8/HEK-293T, focus formation assay

    PMID:25733895

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream AKT2 substrates specifically activated by the fusion not characterized
    • Whether wild-type BCAM contributes to ovarian cancer biology independent of the fusion unknown
  12. 2016 High

    BCAM–LAMA5 interaction was shown to mediate KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell adhesion to endothelium and hepatic metastasis, extending the BCAM–laminin α5 adhesion axis to metastatic colonization.

    Evidence Phage display, siRNA knockdown, peptide competition, and in vivo mouse metastasis model

    PMID:27143691

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether BCAM on tumor cells or endothelium is the critical partner in metastasis not fully dissected
    • Selectivity of BCAM-mimic peptides for KRAS-mutant vs. KRAS-wild-type tumors not established
  13. 2018 High

    Glycophorin-C sialic acids were identified as cis-inhibitors of BCAM adhesion, with loss of sialylation (neuraminidase or Gerbich phenotype) releasing BCAM to engage laminin α5; the sialic acid-binding site was mapped to the third Ig-like domain.

    Evidence Neuraminidase treatment, Gerbich phenotype donor RBCs, Co-IP of glycophorin-C with Lu/BCAM, and domain mapping

    PMID:29344581

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-level structure of the sialic acid–Ig3 interaction not solved
    • Whether glycophorin-C cis-inhibition operates in non-erythroid cells unknown
  14. 2018 High

    Lu/BCAM was shown to distinguish functional biliary cell subsets and to be required for ductular reaction during liver regeneration, extending BCAM biology to tissue repair.

    Evidence Isolation of Lu+ and Lu− biliary cells, in vitro duct formation, Lu overexpression rescue, and Lu-knockout mouse liver injury model

    PMID:30059007

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether BCAM signals through laminin α5 or an alternative ligand in biliary regeneration not determined
    • Downstream transcriptional programs driven by BCAM in biliary cells not defined
  15. 2022 High

    BCAM was established as a functional marker of primitive cytotrophoblast progenitors and limbal epithelial stem cells, with loss-of-function impairing progenitor maintenance, migration, and differentiation in organoid and sheet culture systems.

    Evidence scRNA-seq lineage trajectories, gain- and loss-of-function in trophoblast organoids (2022a); FACS, BCAM knockdown, and p63 ChIP in limbal epithelial cells (2022b)

    PMID:35020896 PMID:35947947

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling downstream of BCAM in progenitor maintenance not characterized
    • Whether BCAM ligand engagement (laminin α5) is required for the progenitor phenotype not tested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of BCAM–laminin α5 and BCAM–spectrin interactions at atomic resolution, the identity of the GEF linking BCAM/spectrin to RhoA, how PKA phosphorylation and spectrin release are coordinated, and whether BCAM's progenitor-maintenance role in trophoblast and limbal cells proceeds through the same downstream signaling as its erythrocyte adhesion function.
  • No high-resolution co-crystal structure of BCAM with any partner
  • Downstream signaling in progenitor/stem cell contexts not defined
  • In vivo genetic models addressing BCAM in sickle cell vaso-occlusion lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 6 GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 7
Pathway
R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 5 R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3
Partners
AKT2GYPCITGA4LAMA5RAP1ASPTA1

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1994 BCAM (B-CAM) was identified as a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with a V-V-C2-C2-C2 domain structure, cloned by expression cloning, and mapped to chromosome 19q13.2-13.3; its homology to cell adhesion molecules suggested a role in cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion. cDNA expression cloning, sequence analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization Cancer research High 7954395
2002 Epinephrine and cAMP-dependent PKA signaling activates BCAM/Lu-mediated adhesion of sickle red blood cells (SS RBCs) to laminin; epinephrine acts via the β2-adrenergic receptor to elevate cAMP in SS RBCs, and soluble BCAM/Lu blocks this adhesion, implicating BCAM/Lu as a direct target of PKA signaling. Cell adhesion assays with agonist stimulation (forskolin, epinephrine), PKA inhibition, blocking with recombinant soluble BCAM/Lu, β2-adrenergic receptor antagonism Blood High 12506027
2004 Rap1 GTPase, activated by the cAMP-dependent exchange factor Epac, promotes BCAM/Lu-mediated adhesion of SS RBCs to laminin; Epac-specific cAMP analog (8CPT-2-Me) activates Rap1 and increases SS RBC adhesion to laminin in an integrin-independent but BCAM/Lu-dependent manner. GTP-Rap1 pulldown assay, Epac-specific cAMP analog stimulation, adhesion blockade with soluble BCAM/Lu and anti-BCAM/Lu antibody, RGD peptide and anti-α4β1 controls Blood High 15613546
2006 Endothelial Lu/BCAM glycoproteins serve as ligands for red blood cell α4β1 integrin; epinephrine-stimulated sickle RBCs adhere to endothelial Lu/BCAM via α4β1 under flow conditions, and this adhesion is inhibited by soluble Lu-Fc protein. Cell adhesion assays under static and flow conditions using transfected cells expressing Lu-Fc chimeric protein, antibody-mediated integrin activation, blocking with soluble Lu-Fc and VCAM-1-Fc Blood High 17158232
2007 JAK2 V617F mutation in polycythemia vera leads to increased expression and constitutive phosphorylation of Lu/BCAM on RBCs, enhancing adhesion to laminin α5 and endothelial cells; transfection of K562 cells with JAK2 V617F confirmed phosphorylation and increased expression of Lu/BCAM. Flow cytometry, radiometric adhesion assay, video microscopy under flow, K562 transfection with JAK2 V617F, inhibitory antibodies against Lu/BCAM and laminin α5 Blood High 17412890
2008 Lu/BCAM long isoform cytoplasmic tail is phosphorylated by CKII, GSK3β, and PKA; PKA pathway effectors stimulate phosphorylation of this isoform in transfected K562 cells and induce cell adhesion to laminin10/11. Phosphorylation state analysis of Lu/BCAM cytoplasmic tail in transfected K562 cells, kinase inhibition studies, cell adhesion to laminin10/11 Transfusion clinique et biologique Medium 18514010
2010 Lu/BCAM interacts with the spectrin-based membrane skeleton in erythrocytes; disruption of Lu/BCAM-spectrin interaction in hereditary spherocytosis (HS) RBCs or by mutation of the RK573-574 motif leads to increased Lu/BCAM detergent extractability and enhanced laminin adhesion, demonstrating that spectrin binding negatively regulates Lu/BCAM-mediated adhesion. Triton extraction of membrane skeleton-associated Lu/BCAM, flow-based adhesion assays with soluble Lu/BCAM blockade, site-directed mutagenesis (RK573-574AA) in transfected K562 cells British journal of haematology High 20092464
2011 Lu/BCAM binds to non-erythroid αII-spectrin via its RK573-574 motif; disruption of this interaction (RK573-574AA mutation) enhances Lu/BCAM surface half-life and cell adhesion/spreading on laminin 511/521, and mediates actin reorganization via RhoA activation and stress fiber formation. Co-immunoprecipitation, alanine substitution mutagenesis (RK573-574AA), live imaging of MDCK cells, RhoA activation assay, phalloidin staining for actin The Biochemical journal High 21434869
2013 BCAM is a transcriptional target repressed by the 14-3-3β-FBI1/Akirin2 oncogenic complex; BCAM functions as a suppressive oncoprotein in hepatoma cells, as BCAM expression in K2 hepatoma cells abolished anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity. Microarray expression analysis, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), BCAM overexpression in K2 hepatoma cells with functional readouts (soft agar, migration, invasion, tumorigenicity in vivo) PloS one High 24223164
2014 Lu/BCAM is the cellular receptor for E. coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1); CNF1 amino acids 720-1014 bind Lu/BCAM, and cells deficient in Lu/BCAM but expressing p37LRP cannot bind CNF1, establishing Lu/BCAM as essential for toxin binding to the cell surface. Co-precipitation of cell surface molecules with tagged toxin, direct protein-protein interaction analysis, competition studies, Lu/BCAM-deficient cell experiments PLoS pathogens High 24453976
2014 Hydroxycarbamide (HC) decreases sickle reticulocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by activating phosphodiesterase 4A (PDE4A), which reduces cAMP levels and thereby decreases phosphorylation of endothelial Lu/BCAM despite increased Lu/BCAM expression. Adhesion assays with sickle reticulocytes on HC-treated human bone marrow and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, PDE4A expression analysis, cAMP measurement, Lu/BCAM phosphorylation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 24616094
2015 BCAM forms a recurrent in-frame gene fusion with AKT2 in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (7% of cases); the BCAM-AKT2 fusion protein is membrane-associated, constitutively phosphorylated and activated, escapes regulation by external stimuli, and is oncogenic (induces focus formation via CRISPR/Cas9-generated chromosomal translocation). RNA-seq fusion detection, RT-PCR confirmation of in-frame fusion mRNA, Western blot for fusion protein and phosphorylation, kinase activity assay, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated chromosomal translocation, focus formation assay in OVCAR8 and HEK-293T Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 25733895
2016 BCAM and LAMA5 (laminin α5) mediate adhesion of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells specifically to endothelial cells; genetic suppression or biochemical inhibition of either BCAM or LAMA5 impairs this adhesion, and BCAM-mimic peptides inhibit KRAS-mutant hepatic metastasis in mouse models. Phage display screen, immunohistochemistry, adhesion assays, siRNA knockdown, peptide competition, in vivo mouse metastasis model Clinical cancer research High 27143691
2017 The Ig-like domain 2 of Lu/BCAM is the main interaction site for CNF1 toxin; surface plasmon resonance revealed a high-affinity interaction (KD = 2.8 nM); small-angle X-ray scattering defined a 6:1 Lu/BCAM:CNF1 stoichiometry in the receptor-toxin complex. Direct protein-protein interaction analysis, competition studies, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) Toxins High 29267242
2018 CD239/BCAM (Lutheran/BCAM) is highly expressed in a subset of breast cancer cells and is internalized into these cells; an anti-CD239 human scFv-Fc antibody conjugated to diphtheria toxin fragment (fDT) selectively kills CD239-high breast cancer cells, demonstrating BCAM-mediated endocytosis. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, antibody internalization assay, ADC cytotoxicity assay with fDT conjugate in CD239-positive and -negative cancer cell lines Scientific reports Medium 29700410
2018 Lu/BCAM adhesive capacity is regulated during erythrocyte aging by glycophorin-C-derived sialic acid residues that restrain Lu/BCAM in cis; loss of sialic acid (via neuraminidase or the Gerbich phenotype lacking glycophorin-C exon 3) releases Lu/BCAM to interact with laminin-α5. The sialic acid-binding site was identified within the third Ig-like domain of Lu/BCAM. Neuraminidase treatment, Gerbich phenotype donor RBCs, laminin-α5 binding assays, co-immunoprecipitation of glycophorin-C and Lu/BCAM, domain mapping by mutagenesis/truncation Blood advances High 29344581
2018 Lutheran (Lu)/BCAM regulates biliary tissue remodeling (ductular reaction, DR) during liver regeneration; Lu+ and Lu- biliary cells show opposite phenotypes in motility and duct formation; overexpression of Lu in Lu- biliary cells confers Lu+ phenotype; Lu-deficient mice show severe defects in DR. Isolation of Lu+ and Lu- biliary cells, in vitro duct formation and motility assays, Lu overexpression in Lu- cells, Lu knockout mouse liver injury model eLife High 30059007
2022 BCAM defines a primitive cytotrophoblast progenitor state in early placental development; BCAM enrichment or gene silencing results in enhanced or diminished organoid growth, respectively, establishing BCAM as a functional regulator of trophoblast progenitor maintenance. Single-cell RNA sequencing, lineage trajectory analysis, human trophoblast stem cell organoids, BCAM gain-of-function (enrichment) and loss-of-function (siRNA silencing) with organoid growth readout Development (Cambridge, England) High 35020896
2022 BCAM expression in limbal epithelial progenitor cells is required for cellular migration and differentiation of corneal epithelium; BCAM is functionally required (knockdown impairs migration and differentiation), and its expression is regulated by the transcription factor p63. FACS isolation of BCAM+ cells, holoclone formation assay, corneal epithelial sheet generation, BCAM knockdown loss-of-function for migration and differentiation, ChIP or reporter assays for p63 regulation Cell reports High 35947947
2024 Histone lysine lactylation (Kla) epigenetically induces BCAM expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and BCAM promotes tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and cisplatin resistance. TCGA/GEO database analysis, Cox model construction, functional assays for invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance in BCAM-manipulated OSCC cells Oral diseases Low 39503345

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2017 Phase 3 Trial of 177Lu-Dotatate for Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors. The New England journal of medicine 2436 28076709
2021 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TheraP): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet (London, England) 851 33581798
2022 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (PluvictoTM): The First FDA-Approved Radiotherapeutical for Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 206 36297404
2016 Nephrotoxicity after PRRT with (177)Lu-DOTA-octreotate. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 131 27160225
2002 Novel epinephrine and cyclic AMP-mediated activation of BCAM/Lu-dependent sickle (SS) RBC adhesion. Blood 130 12506027
2006 Comparison of [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate and [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide: which peptide is preferable for PRRT? European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 126 16847654
2007 Increased adhesion to endothelial cells of erythrocytes from patients with polycythemia vera is mediated by laminin alpha5 chain and Lu/BCAM. Blood 104 17412890
2019 177Lu-DOTATATE for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology 101 31652074
2013 Immunogenicity, efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action of epitope vaccine (Lu AF20513) for Alzheimer's disease: prelude to a clinical trial. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 92 23486963
2018 Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy: 177Lu-DOTATATE. AJR. American journal of roentgenology 90 29949416
2024 Sequential [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and docetaxel versus docetaxel in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (UpFrontPSMA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 study. The Lancet. Oncology 87 39293461
1994 Molecular cloning of the B-CAM cell surface glycoprotein of epithelial cancers: a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Cancer research 78 7954395
2020 Radiation doses from 161Tb and 177Lu in single tumour cells and micrometastases. EJNMMI physics 71 32430671
2022 Cell trajectory modeling identifies a primitive trophoblast state defined by BCAM enrichment. Development (Cambridge, England) 58 35020896
2016 BCAM and LAMA5 Mediate the Recognition between Tumor Cells and the Endothelium in the Metastatic Spreading of KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 58 27143691
2004 Role of Rap1 in promoting sickle red blood cell adhesion to laminin via BCAM/LU. Blood 48 15613546
2024 Feasibility and therapeutic potential of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-2286 in patients with advanced metastatic sarcoma. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 47 39060377
2021 Overcoming nephrotoxicity in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. Nuclear medicine and biology 46 34242948
2006 Endothelial Lu/BCAM glycoproteins are novel ligands for red blood cell alpha4beta1 integrin: role in adhesion of sickle red blood cells to endothelial cells. Blood 45 17158232
2022 AlphaBet: Combination of Radium-223 and [17 7Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (clinical trial protocol). Frontiers in medicine 43 36465905
2019 Imaging DNA Damage Repair In Vivo After 177Lu-DOTATATE Therapy. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 43 31757844
2015 Recurrent BCAM-AKT2 fusion gene leads to a constitutively activated AKT2 fusion kinase in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 25733895
2020 Radioligand therapy using [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in mCRPC: a pre-VISION single-center analysis. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 40 32062682
2019 Concomitant 177Lu-DOTATATE and capecitabine therapy in malignant paragangliomas. EJNMMI research 38 30725219
2023 Lutathera® Orphans: State of the Art and Future Application of Radioligand Therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE. Pharmaceutics 37 37111596
2021 CD38-Targeted Theranostics of Lymphoma with 89Zr/177Lu-Labeled Daratumumab. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 37 34026426
2019 Evolution and Medical Significance of LU Domain-Containing Proteins. International journal of molecular sciences 37 31195646
2023 Development of [177Lu]Lu-LNC1003 for radioligand therapy of prostate cancer with a moderate level of PSMA expression. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 36 37097443
2019 Therapy With 177Lu-DOTATATE: Clinical Implementation and Impact on Care of Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors. AJR. American journal of roentgenology 36 31039017
2017 Lu-177-Based Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors. Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 36 29942399
2021 Efficacy and Safety of 177Lu-DOTATATE in Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Bicenter study. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 35 34049983
2014 Hydroxycarbamide decreases sickle reticulocyte adhesion to resting endothelium by inhibiting endothelial lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM) through phosphodiesterase 4A activation. The Journal of biological chemistry 35 24616094
2018 Effects of adding an albumin binder chain on [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE. Nuclear medicine and biology 33 30170196
2014 Lu/BCAM adhesion glycoprotein is a receptor for Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1). PLoS pathogens 33 24453976
2012 Nutritional and chemical composition and antiviral activity of cultivated seaweed Sargassum naozhouense Tseng et Lu. Marine drugs 33 23271422
2021 90Y/177Lu-DOTATOC: From Preclinical Studies to Application in Humans. Pharmaceutics 31 34575538
2021 Intraarterial Administration Boosts 177Lu-HA-DOTATATE Accumulation in Salvage Meningioma Patients. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 27 34301783
2021 Biokinetics and Dosimetry of 177Lu-Pentixather. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 27 34413147
2020 Targeted Radionuclide Therapy in Patient-Derived Xenografts Using 177Lu-EB-RGD. Molecular cancer therapeutics 27 32847972
2010 Lu-AA21004, a multimodal serotonergic agent, for the potential treatment of depression and anxiety. IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal 27 21154150
2024 Relationship Between Absorbed Dose and Response in Neuroendocrine Tumors Treated with [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 26 38724277
2022 Glucose Metabolism Modification Induced by Radioligand Therapy with [177Lu]Lu/[90Y]Y-DOTATOC in Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Prospective Pilot Study within FENET-2016 Trial. Pharmaceutics 25 36297443
2008 Role of Lu/BCAM in abnormal adhesion of sickle red blood cells to vascular endothelium. Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine 25 18514010
2024 Preclinical Evaluation of 177Lu-OncoFAP-23, a Multivalent FAP-Targeted Radiopharmaceutical Therapeutic for Solid Tumors. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 23 39266289
2023 [177Lu]Lu-labeled anti-claudin-18.2 antibody demonstrated radioimmunotherapy potential in gastric cancer mouse xenograft models. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 23 38062170
2018 Glycophorin-C sialylation regulates Lu/BCAM adhesive capacity during erythrocyte aging. Blood advances 23 29344581
2012 DARC (Duffy) and BCAM (Lutheran) reduced expression in thyroid cancer. Blood cells, molecules & diseases 23 23168236
2024 Targeting CXCR4/CXCL12 axis via [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 with CXCR4 antagonist in triple-negative breast cancer. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 22 38587644
2023 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-Radioligand Therapy Efficacy Outcomes in Taxane-Naïve Versus Taxane-Treated Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 22 37169534
2023 Specific Uptake in the Bone Marrow Causes High Absorbed Red Marrow Doses During [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE Treatment. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 22 37290797
2022 Relationships between uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE and absorbed dose in [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE therapy. EJNMMI research 22 36534192
2020 Formulation and clinical translation of [177Lu]Lu-trastuzumab for radioimmunotheranostics of metastatic breast cancer. RSC medicinal chemistry 22 34046615
2019 [68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-BL01, a Novel Theranostic Pair for Targeting C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 4. Molecular pharmaceutics 22 31545614
2023 The predictive value of pretherapy [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE PET and biomarkers in [177Lu]Lu-PRRT tumor dosimetry. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 21 37171633
2020 In Vivo Instability of 177Lu-DOTATATE During Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 21 32005767
2013 The FBI1/Akirin2 target gene, BCAM, acts as a suppressive oncogene. PloS one 21 24223164
2010 Role of the interaction between Lu/BCAM and the spectrin-based membrane skeleton in the increased adhesion of hereditary spherocytosis red cells to laminin. British journal of haematology 21 20092464
2024 Multivariable models of outcomes with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617: analysis of the phase 3 VISION trial. EClinicalMedicine 20 39430616
2019 Preclinical efficacy of hK2 targeted [177Lu]hu11B6 for prostate cancer theranostics. Theranostics 20 31149033
2020 Multimodal Imaging of 2-Cycle PRRT with 177Lu-DOTA-JR11 and 177Lu-DOTATOC in an Orthotopic Neuroendocrine Xenograft Tumor Mouse Model. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 19 32859703
2011 Novel role for the Lu/BCAM-spectrin interaction in actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The Biochemical journal 19 21434869
2023 Single-Time-Point Imaging for Dosimetry After [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE: Accuracy of Existing Methods and Novel Data-Driven Models for Reducing Sensitivity to Time-Point Selection. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 18 37500260
2021 Modeling Early Radiation DNA Damage Occurring During 177Lu-DOTATATE Radionuclide Therapy. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 18 34503959
2020 Pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 increases CCKBR-specific tumor uptake of radiolabeled minigastrin analogue [177Lu]Lu-PP-F11N. Theranostics 18 33042258
2023 Theranostic role of 89Zr- and 177Lu-labeled aflibercept in breast cancer. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 17 38135849
2010 Role of Lu/BCAM glycoproteins in red cell diseases. Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine 17 20655789
2025 Dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in Patients with Advanced Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from a Substudy of the Phase III NETTER-1 Trial. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 16 39947918
2024 Exploring the role of combined external beam radiotherapy and targeted radioligand therapy with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 for prostate cancer - from bench to bedside. Theranostics 16 38646643
2023 Radionuclide Therapy of HER2-Expressing Xenografts Using [177Lu]Lu-ABY-027 Affibody Molecule Alone and in Combination with Trastuzumab. Cancers 16 37173878
2022 Limbal BCAM expression identifies a proliferative progenitor population capable of holoclone formation and corneal differentiation. Cell reports 16 35947947
2020 Extravasation of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC: case report and discussion. EJNMMI research 16 32577838
2018 Norisoprenoids from the Brown Alga Sargassum naozhouense Tseng et Lu. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 16 29414891
2021 Intraindividual comparison of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 15 33452632
2023 First preclinical evaluation of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-JR11 and comparison with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-JR11, alpha versus beta radionuclide therapy of NETs. EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry 14 37389800
2022 Toxicity Assessment of [177Lu]Lu-iFAP/iPSMA Nanoparticles Prepared under GMP-Compliant Radiopharmaceutical Processes. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 14 36500804
2020 Evaluation of [131I]I- and [177Lu]Lu-DTPA-A11 Minibody for Radioimmunotherapy in a Preclinical Model of PSCA-Expressing Prostate Cancer. Molecular imaging and biology 14 32661830
2021 Comparative Preclinical Evaluation of HER2-Targeting ABD-Fused Affibody® Molecules 177Lu-ABY-271 and 177Lu-ABY-027: Impact of DOTA Position on ABD Domain. Pharmaceutics 13 34200197
2018 Internalization of CD239 highly expressed in breast cancer cells: a potential antigen for antibody-drug conjugates. Scientific reports 13 29700410
2008 Targeting DNA with "light-up" pyrimidine triple-helical forming oligonucleotides conjugated to stabilizing fluorophores (LU-TFOs). Organic & biomolecular chemistry 13 19005602
2022 Impact of cyclic changes in pharmacokinetics and absorbed dose in pediatric neuroblastoma patients receiving [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE. EJNMMI physics 12 35347483
2021 The Safety and Efficacy of the Repeated PRRT with [90Y]Y/[177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in Patients with NET. International journal of endocrinology 12 33552155
2017 Mutations of the KLF1 gene detected in Japanese with the In(Lu) phenotype. Transfusion 12 28194794
2017 High Affinity Binding of Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) to Lu/BCAM Adhesion Glycoprotein. Toxins 12 29267242
2023 Correlations between [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC Uptake and Absorbed Dose from [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE. Cancers 11 36831477
2023 Characterization of Non-Specific Uptake and Retention Mechanisms of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in the Salivary Glands. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 11 37242475
2024 Dosimetry and pharmacokinetics of [177Lu]Lu-satoreotide tetraxetan in patients with progressive neuroendocrine tumours. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 10 38528164
2024 Combining [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC PRRT with PARP inhibitors to enhance treatment efficacy in small cell lung cancer. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 10 39023784
2023 Inhibition of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Sensitizes [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2-Mediated Radiotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Molecular pharmaceutics 10 37067162
2021 p53-Mediated Radiosensitization of 177Lu-DOTATATE in Neuroblastoma Tumor Spheroids. Biomolecules 10 34827693
2018 Differential expression of Lutheran/BCAM regulates biliary tissue remodeling in ductular reaction during liver regeneration. eLife 10 30059007
2025 177Lu-DOTATATE Plus Capecitabine Versus 177Lu-DOTATATE Alone in Patients with Advanced Grade 1/2 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (LuCAP): A Randomized, Phase 2 Trial. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 9 39778968
2025 Clinical Trial Protocol for LuCAB: A Phase I-II Trial Evaluating Cabazitaxel in Combination with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 9 39978808
2025 Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms After [177Lu]Lu-PSMA Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Case Series. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 9 39978813
2024 A PBPK model for PRRT with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE: Comparison of model implementations in SAAM II and MATLAB/SimBiology. Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB) 9 38367588
2024 Imaging and Downstaging Bladder Cancer with the 177Lu-Labeled Bioorthogonal Nanoprobe. ACS nano 9 38904444
2024 Histone Lysine Lactylation (Kla)-induced BCAM Promotes OSCC Progression and Cis-Platinum Resistance. Oral diseases 9 39503345
2023 Radiobiological Assessment of Targeted Radionuclide Therapy with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T in 2D vs. 3D Cell Culture Models. International journal of molecular sciences 9 38069337
2022 Efficacy of Everolimus Combined with 177Lu-Dotatate in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals 9 36342790
2006 Phage-derived monoclonal anti-Lu. Transfusion 9 16734819
2024 Outcomes for Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Liver Metastasis Receiving [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 8 39477495