Affinage

APOC1

Apolipoprotein C-I · UniProt P02654

Length
83 aa
Mass
9.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
85 papers in source corpus 25 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

APOC1 encodes a small exchangeable apolipoprotein that functions as a central modulator of lipoprotein metabolism by directly inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated triglyceride lipolysis, stimulating hepatic VLDL production, activating lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity when associated with HDL (PMID:15576844, PMID:16537968, PMID:179085, PMID:16282639). Its C-terminal amphipathic α-helix, particularly aromatic residues F42 and F46, mediates phospholipid binding essential for lipoprotein association, and HDL-bound APOC1 promotes hepatitis C virus membrane fusion through interaction with the HCV E2 glycoprotein hypervariable region 1 (PMID:18984910, PMID:17761674). In cancer contexts, APOC1 directly binds and activates STAT3 to drive epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis, promotes M2 macrophage polarization through interactions with CD163/CD206 and subsequent CCL2/CCL5 chemokine secretion, and suppresses ferroptosis upstream of GPX4 and through the PI3K/AKT/SREBP2/SLC1A5 axis (PMID:32826950, PMID:35914680, PMID:37804922, PMID:41029397). APOC1 transcription is activated by FOXM1, ZNF460, and the lncRNA DLEU1/SMYD2-H3K4me3 axis, repressed by ZKSCAN5, and post-transcriptionally regulated by intracellular cholesterol levels (PMID:40139083, PMID:36563923, PMID:37478669, PMID:41029397, PMID:15694932).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 1976 High

    Establishing that APOC1 is an activator of LCAT resolved a fundamental question about which apolipoproteins regulate this central enzyme in reverse cholesterol transport.

    Evidence In vitro LCAT activation assay using chemically synthesized full-length 57-residue apoC-I versus native protein

    PMID:179085

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of LCAT activation by apoC-I not determined
    • Relative contribution of apoC-I vs apoA-I to LCAT activation in vivo not established
  2. 1986 High

    Mapping APOC1 in tandem with APOE on chromosome 19q established the physical organization of the apolipoprotein gene cluster, raising the possibility of coordinate transcriptional regulation.

    Evidence Somatic cell hybrid panel and overlapping lambda phage/cosmid clones spanning APOC1 and APOE

    PMID:2897845 PMID:3459164

    Open questions at the time
    • Coordinate regulatory elements between APOE and APOC1 not functionally tested in this study
  3. 2004 High

    Demonstrating that apoC-I directly inhibits LPL-mediated triglyceride lipolysis — rather than blocking hepatic receptor-mediated lipoprotein clearance — resolved the principal mechanism of apoC-I-induced hypertriglyceridemia.

    Evidence In vitro LPL lipolysis assay with purified apoC-I; [³H]TG-VLDL clearance in APOC1 transgenic and apoE-deficient × APOC1 transgenic mice with lactoferrin blockade of hepatic clearance

    PMID:15576844

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of LPL inhibition by apoC-I not resolved
    • Relative quantitative contribution of LPL inhibition vs VLDL overproduction in humans unknown
  4. 2005 Medium

    Two independent studies established that APOC1 secretion is post-transcriptionally regulated by intracellular cholesterol and that HDL-associated apoC-I is a potent endogenous CETP inhibitor, linking APOC1 to both metabolic sensing and HDL-cholesterol homeostasis.

    Evidence HepG2 cholesterol/TG loading with paired mRNA and protein measurements; human apoA-I/CETP double-transgenic rat model with CETP activity assay on reconstituted lipoproteins

    PMID:15694932 PMID:16282639

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism of cholesterol-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of apoC-I not identified
    • Structural determinants of CETP inhibition by apoC-I not defined
  5. 2006 High

    Graded apoC-I gene dose experiments in apoE-null mice revealed that endogenous apoC-I raises VLDL-TG through two independent mechanisms — stimulating hepatic VLDL production and attenuating LPL activity — quantifying the dual contribution for the first time.

    Evidence apoe−/−apoc1−/−, apoe−/−apoc1+/−, and apoe−/−apoc1+/+ mice with hepatic VLDL-TG/apoB production rates and [³H]TG-VLDL clearance

    PMID:16537968

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which apoC-I stimulates hepatic VLDL assembly not elucidated
  6. 2007 High

    Showing that HDL-associated apoC-I directly promotes HCV membrane fusion — dependent on the E2 HVR1 domain — extended APOC1 function beyond lipid metabolism to host–pathogen interaction.

    Evidence HCVcc/HCVpp infectivity, membrane fusion kinetics, binding assays, and HVR1 mutant viruses

    PMID:17761674

    Open questions at the time
    • Precise binding interface between apoC-I and HCV E2 not structurally resolved
    • In vivo relevance in human HCV infection not directly tested
  7. 2008 High

    Identification of F42 and F46 in the C-terminal amphipathic helix as critical phospholipid-binding residues provided the first molecular-level understanding of how apoC-I associates with lipoprotein surfaces.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis, DMPC binding Kd, sedimentation velocity AUC, and TEM of discoidal complexes

    PMID:18984910

    Open questions at the time
    • High-resolution structure of apoC-I–lipid complex not available
    • How lipid binding relates to LPL inhibition or CETP inhibition structurally is unknown
  8. 2020 Medium

    Discovery that APOC1 directly binds and activates STAT3 to drive EMT and metastasis in ccRCC — including via exosomal transfer to endothelial cells — established a new oncogenic signaling axis for this apolipoprotein.

    Evidence APOC1 knockdown/overexpression in ccRCC lines; exosome isolation and transfer; STAT3 phosphorylation; DPP-4 inhibitor suppression of metastasis

    PMID:32826950

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct APOC1-STAT3 binding interface not mapped
    • Whether DPP-4 acts on APOC1 directly or indirectly not resolved
  9. 2022 Medium

    Multiple studies converged to show that APOC1 in macrophages drives M2 polarization through CD163/CD206 interaction and controls tumor immune microenvironment composition; APOC1 knockout in mice reverses M2 polarization via ferroptosis and enhances anti-tumor immunity.

    Evidence scRNA-seq; co-IP of APOC1 with CD163 and CD206; co-culture assays; APOC1−/− mouse tumor models with immune cell profiling

    PMID:35914680 PMID:36108528

    Open questions at the time
    • Ferroptosis pathway link in macrophage polarization not fully reconstituted biochemically
    • Whether APOC1-CD163/CD206 interaction is direct or lipid-mediated not distinguished
  10. 2022 Medium

    Identification of ZNF460 as a direct transcriptional activator of APOC1 and LXR/RXR-dependent regulation of apoc1 in zebrafish microglia began to define the transcription factor network controlling APOC1 expression in different cell types.

    Evidence ChIP and luciferase reporter for ZNF460 binding to APOC1 promoter; pharmacological LXR/RXR modulation with in situ hybridization in zebrafish

    PMID:34878094 PMID:36563923

    Open questions at the time
    • Integration of multiple transcription factors (ZNF460, FOXM1, ZKSCAN5) into a unified regulatory model not achieved
    • Species-specific differences in transcriptional regulation not resolved
  11. 2023 Medium

    A series of studies established that APOC1 suppresses ferroptosis through distinct mechanisms in different cancers — via GPX4 in esophageal cancer and via MTCH2-dependent metabolic rewiring in osteosarcoma — linking APOC1 to cell death resistance and drug sensitivity.

    Evidence GPX4 rescue of APOC1-knockdown-induced ferroptosis; co-IP of APOC1 with MTCH2 and metabolic rescue experiments; sorafenib resistance models

    PMID:36911382 PMID:37804922

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether APOC1 directly binds GPX4 or acts upstream indirectly is unknown
    • Unifying mechanism of ferroptosis suppression across cancer types not established
  12. 2023 Medium

    Epigenetic activation of APOC1 was shown to occur via lncRNA DLEU1 recruitment of SMYD2 to deposit H3K4me3 at the APOC1 promoter, directly linking epigenetic remodeling to APOC1-driven glycolysis in gastric cancer.

    Evidence RIP and RNA pulldown for DLEU1-SMYD2; ChIP-PCR for SMYD2 and H3K4me3 at APOC1 promoter; glycolytic parameter measurement; xenograft model

    PMID:37478669

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether this epigenetic mechanism operates outside gastric cancer is unknown
    • Relationship between SMYD2-mediated activation and other transcription factors (ZNF460, FOXM1) not tested
  13. 2025 Medium

    FOXM1 was identified as a direct transcriptional activator and ZKSCAN5 as a direct repressor of APOC1, while APOC1 was shown to inhibit ferroptosis via PI3K/AKT/SREBP2/SLC1A5 signaling and to drive M2 macrophage polarization via STAT3-CCL2/CCL5 secretion, further detailing the tumor-promoting signaling network downstream of APOC1.

    Evidence ChIP and Cut&Tag for FOXM1 and ZKSCAN5 at APOC1 promoter; ferroptosis assays with PI3K/AKT/SREBP2 pathway inhibition; STAT3 phosphorylation and CCL2/CCL5 neutralizing antibody experiments in macrophage co-cultures; in vivo tumor and metastasis models

    PMID:40139083 PMID:40194454 PMID:41029397

    Open questions at the time
    • No unified model connecting all upstream regulators and downstream effectors
    • Clinical relevance of APOC1-targeting in cancer therapy not validated in human trials

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The structural basis of APOC1's interactions with STAT3, LPL, CETP, and its multiple cancer-associated partners remains unresolved, and whether APOC1's lipid-binding and oncogenic functions are mechanistically linked or independent is unknown.
  • No high-resolution structure of APOC1 in complex with any protein partner
  • Whether apoC-I's lipid-bound versus lipid-free state determines its signaling activities is untested
  • In vivo relevance of APOC1-driven immune reprogramming in human cancer not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 2
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 5
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 2
Partners
CD163CD206CETPCLUGPX4MTCH2STAT3USP40

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2004 ApoC-I directly inhibits LPL-mediated TG-lipolysis in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, and increases plasma half-life of VLDL-TG particles in vivo; this LPL inhibition (not blockade of apoE-mediated hepatic lipoprotein receptors) is the principal mechanism by which apoC-I causes hypertriglyceridemia in APOC1 transgenic mice. In vitro LPL lipolysis assay with purified apoC-I; [3H]TG-VLDL particle clearance in vivo in APOC1 transgenic and apoE-deficient × APOC1 transgenic mice; lactoferrin-treatment to block hepatic clearance Journal of lipid research High 15576844
2006 Endogenous apoC-I (at physiological levels) increases VLDL-TG and VLDL-cholesterol by two independent mechanisms: stimulating hepatic VLDL production and attenuating LPL lipolytic activity, as demonstrated in apoE-knockout mice with graded apoC-I gene doses. Comparison of apoe-/-apoc1-/-, apoe-/-apoc1+/-, and apoe-/-apoc1+/+ mice; hepatic VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB production rates; [3H]TG-VLDL clearance by white adipose tissue; total postheparin plasma LPL activity Journal of lipid research High 16537968
1976 Synthetic apoC-I corresponding to the full 57-amino acid sequence activates lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) to the same extent as native apoC-I, establishing apoC-I as an activator of LCAT. Solid-phase peptide synthesis of full-length apoC-I; LCAT activation assay comparing synthetic vs. native protein; lipid-binding studies with DMPC by ultracentrifugation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 179085
2007 ApoC-I, when residing in HDL, promotes membrane fusion of HCV with target cells via direct interaction with the HCV surface; this enhancement requires the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of HCV E2 glycoprotein, and excess lipid-free apoC-I instead disrupts the viral membrane and abolishes infectivity. HCVcc and HCVpp infectivity assays; membrane fusion rate measurements; binding assays between apoC-I and HCV surface; HVR1 mutant viruses; lipid-free apoC-I dose-response experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 17761674
2008 The C-terminal amphipathic α-helix of apoC-I (residues 38–51) contains the major lipid-binding determinants; aromatic residues F42 and F46 are critical for phospholipid (DMPC) binding affinity and for formation of correctly shaped discoidal lipid-protein complexes. LC-MS/MS proteolysis protection assay; site-directed mutagenesis of F42 and F46 to Ala or Gly; DMPC binding affinity by Kd(app); sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation; transmission electron microscopy of discoidal complexes Journal of lipid research High 18984910
2005 ApoC-I present in HDL constitutes a potent endogenous inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP); removal of rat apoC-I from HDL upon human apoA-I overexpression accounts for approximately two-thirds of the loss of CETP-inhibitory activity of HDL. Human apoA-I/CETP double-transgenic rat model; quantification of apoC-I in HDL; CETP activity assay with reconstituted lipoproteins; comparison of CETP inhibition between wild-type and transgenic HDL Journal of lipid research Medium 16282639
2005 ApoC-I secretion by human HepG2 hepatocytes is regulated post-transcriptionally by cellular cholesterol levels: increasing cellular cholesterol (via HDL/LDL loading) increases apoC-I secretion without changing apoC-I mRNA; statin-mediated cholesterol depletion reduces secretion; triglyceride loading decreases apoC-I secretion also without mRNA changes. HepG2 cell culture with varied lipid conditions (human serum, LPDS, Intralipid, cholesterol loading, statin treatment); apoC-I and apoE protein measured in cell lysates and media by ELISA; apoC-I mRNA by Northern/RT-PCR Atherosclerosis Medium 15694932
2004 In maturing human SW872 liposarcoma (adipocyte-like) cells, increased intracellular cholesterol and triglyceride accumulation drives increased apoC-I and apoE secretion independently of extracellular lipids; long-term insulin treatment inhibits apoC-I secretion; apoC-I and apoE are differentially regulated at the transcriptional level. SW872 cell differentiation assay; apoC-I and apoE protein measured in cell lysates and media; cellular lipid quantification; insulin treatment; lipoprotein-deficient serum conditions; mRNA measurement The Journal of nutrition Medium 15514255
2020 ApoC1 promotes metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway and inducing EMT; ApoC1 packaged in tumor cell exosomes is transferred to vascular endothelial cells, where it also activates STAT3 to enhance metastasis; DPP-4 inhibition suppresses ApoC1-driven metastasis. ApoC1 knockdown/overexpression in ccRCC cell lines; transwell invasion/migration assays; EMT marker western blot; exosome isolation and transfer experiments; STAT3 phosphorylation western blot; DPP-4 inhibitor treatment Oncogene Medium 32826950
2022 APOC1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization through interaction with CD163 and CD206; macrophages overexpressing APOC1 drive ccRCC metastasis by secreting CCL5; co-culture of RCC cells with macrophages induces TAM generation with M2 phenotype, which is blocked by APOC1 silencing. Single-cell RNA sequencing; APOC1 silencing in macrophages; co-culture of RCC cells with macrophages; CCL5 ELISA; co-immunoprecipitation of APOC1 with CD163 and CD206 Pharmacological research Medium 35914680
2022 Inhibition of APOC1 reverses M2-to-M1 macrophage polarization via the ferroptosis pathway in tumor-associated macrophages from HCC; APOC1-/- mice show reduced tumor growth with increased CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages and decreased M2 macrophages. scRNA-seq; APOC1-/- C57BL/6 mouse tumor model; mass spectrometry immune cell profiling; ferroptosis pathway analysis Redox biology Medium 36108528
2023 APOC1 interacts directly with MTCH2 (mitochondrial carrier homolog 2) in osteosarcoma cells; APOC1 knockdown elevates oxidative phosphorylation and decreases the Warburg effect, and MTCH2 overexpression rescues these metabolic effects, placing APOC1 upstream of MTCH2 in the control of cancer cell metabolism. Co-immunoprecipitation of APOC1 with MTCH2; APOC1 siRNA knockdown; CCK-8 and TUNEL apoptosis assays; Warburg effect measurement (extracellular lactate, OCR); rescue experiments with MTCH2 overexpression Experimental and therapeutic medicine Medium 36911382
2024 M2 macrophage exosome-derived Apoc1 promotes ferroptosis resistance in osteosarcoma by inhibiting the interaction of USP40 deubiquitinase with ACSF2, thereby increasing ACSF2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. M2 macrophage exosome isolation and co-culture with OS cells; shApoc1 knockdown; erastin ferroptosis induction; co-immunoprecipitation of Apoc1, ACSF2, and USP40; proteasomal inhibitor MG132; cyclohexanone protein synthesis inhibition Molecular carcinogenesis Medium 39041949
2024 APOC1 binds directly to STAT3 in cardiomyocytes and increases phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) in the nucleus, activating the STAT3 signaling pathway to promote inflammation and apoptosis in coronary microembolization-induced myocardial injury. Co-immunoprecipitation of APOC1 with STAT3; immunofluorescence for p-STAT3 subcellular localization; western blot for pathway proteins; LPS-treated primary cardiomyocyte model; APOC1 overexpression rescue of STDP effects Aging Medium 38771126
2024 Apoc1 knockdown in renal tubular epithelial cells alleviates high-glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by binding to and regulating Clusterin; Clusterin silencing blocks the protective effects of Apoc1 knockdown, placing Apoc1-Clusterin interaction as the mechanistic axis. Co-immunoprecipitation of Apoc1 with Clusterin in HK-2 cells; CCK-8 viability; DCFH-DA ROS staining; MDA/SOD assays; TUNEL apoptosis; western blot; DN mouse model with immunofluorescence Cell biochemistry and biophysics Medium 39630345
2023 APOC1 silencing suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK kinase pathway and restraining NF-κB-driven transcription of pro-metastatic target genes; nanoparticle-delivered siAPOC1 recapitulates these effects in orthotopic and liver metastasis mouse models. APOC1 siRNA knockdown in breast cancer cell lines; western blot for ERK/MAPK and NF-κB pathway proteins; in vitro invasion/migration assays; GSH-responsive NP-siAPOC1 in orthotopic and liver metastasis mouse models Science China. Life sciences Medium 37668862
2023 The lncRNA DLEU1 recruits the histone methyltransferase SMYD2 to the APOC1 promoter, inducing H3K4me3 modification and thereby upregulating APOC1 transcription, which in turn promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and glycolysis. RIP and RNA pulldown (DLEU1-SMYD2 interaction); ChIP-PCR (SMYD2 binding to APOC1 promoter and H3K4me3 modification); ectopic expression and knockdown of DLEU1, SMYD2, APOC1; measurement of glycolytic parameters (ECAR, OCR, lactate, GLUT1/HK2/LDHA); xenograft mouse model Translational oncology Medium 37478669
2022 ZNF460 transcriptionally activates APOC1 by binding to the APOC1 promoter, and ZNF460-driven APOC1 upregulation promotes EMT and progression of gastric cancer cells. ChIP assay and luciferase reporter for ZNF460 binding to APOC1 promoter; ZNF460 knockdown and APOC1 rescue; EMT marker analysis; invasion/migration assays; xenograft tumor growth in vivo Experimental cell research Medium 36563923
2025 FOXM1 transcriptionally activates APOC1 by directly binding its promoter; the FOXM1/APOC1 axis drives cervical cancer cell proliferation, EMT, invasion, and M2 macrophage polarization, and APOC1 overexpression rescues the phenotype caused by FOXM1 knockdown. ChIP and luciferase reporter assay for FOXM1-APOC1 promoter interaction; FOXM1/APOC1 knockdown and APOC1 rescue; CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, transwell assays; flow cytometry for M2 markers; mouse transplant tumor model Mutation research Medium 40139083
2025 ZKSCAN5 acts as a transcriptional repressor of APOC1 through direct promoter binding; APOC1 inhibits ferroptosis in prostate cancer by modulating cholesterol homeostasis via the PI3K/AKT/SREBP2/SLC1A5 signaling cascade; SREBP2 directly binds the SLC1A5 promoter. ChIP and Cut&Tag for ZKSCAN5-APOC1 promoter binding and SREBP2-SLC1A5 promoter binding; APOC1 knockdown/overexpression; ferroptosis assays; PI3K/AKT/SREBP2/SLC1A5 pathway western blot; xenograft mouse model Journal of translational medicine Medium 41029397
2023 Knockdown of Apoc1 overcomes sorafenib resistance in esophageal cancer cells by promoting ferroptosis via upregulation of ROS and MDA and downregulation of GSH; this effect is mediated through GPX4, as GPX4 manipulation rescues Apoc1 knockdown-induced ferroptosis. shRNA lentiviral Apoc1 knockdown; MTT cell viability; ROS/MDA/GSH measurement; GPX4 western blot; erastin and sorafenib treatment; rescue with GPX4 overexpression; xenograft mouse model Gene Medium 37804922
2025 APOC1 expressed in macrophages promotes pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer by activating STAT3 signaling, which drives CCL2 and CCL5 chemokine secretion; antibodies against CCL2 and CCL5 partially block the pro-metastatic effects of APOC1-expressing macrophages. APOC1 knockdown in macrophages; co-culture with CRC cells; transwell invasion/migration and EMT assays; ELISA for CCL2 and CCL5; CCL2/CCL5 neutralizing antibody blockade; STAT3 phosphorylation western blot; in vivo pulmonary metastasis mouse model International immunopharmacology Medium 40194454
1986 APOC1 and APOE genes are tandemly oriented on chromosome 19q and separated by ~6 kb of genomic DNA, with a single lambda phage clone carrying both genes, suggesting possible coordinate regulation of the apolipoprotein gene cluster. Somatic cell hybrid panel with chromosome 19 long/short arm translocation; Southern blotting with cDNA probes; isolation of overlapping cosmid/lambda phage clones spanning APOC1 and APOE Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 3459164
1988 The HpaI restriction site polymorphism associated with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia is located 317 bp upstream of the APOC1 transcription initiation site in the APOC1 promoter region. Molecular cloning and DNA sequencing of genomic clones; construction of detailed restriction map of the APOE-APOC1-APOC2 gene cluster by overlapping cosmid analysis Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 2897845
2022 In zebrafish, apoc1 expression in microglia is uniquely regulated by RXR receptors and is differentially controlled by LXR/RXR versus PPAR/RXR modulating compounds (LXR/RXR modulation affects apoc1 while PPAR/RXR affects apoeb), establishing a distinct transcriptional regulatory circuit for apoc1 in CNS microglia. In situ hybridization (HCR) for apoc1 in zebrafish CNS; pharmacological LXR/RXR and PPAR/RXR modulation; RT-qPCR quantification of apoc1 and apoeb transcripts in whole heads and individual microglia Biology open Medium 34878094

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 85 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2022 Inhibition of APOC1 promotes the transformation of M2 into M1 macrophages via the ferroptosis pathway and enhances anti-PD1 immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma based on single-cell RNA sequencing. Redox biology 248 36108528
2004 Severe hypertriglyceridemia in human APOC1 transgenic mice is caused by apoC-I-induced inhibition of LPL. Journal of lipid research 116 15576844
1986 Regional mapping of human chromosome 19: organization of genes for plasma lipid transport (APOC1, -C2, and -E and LDLR) and the genes C3, PEPD, and GPI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 3459164
2004 ApoC-I and ApoC-III as potential plasmatic markers to distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Proteomics 92 15274118
2011 A phenomics-based strategy identifies loci on APOC1, BRAP, and PLCG1 associated with metabolic syndrome phenotype domains. PLoS genetics 80 22022282
2007 The exchangeable apolipoprotein ApoC-I promotes membrane fusion of hepatitis C virus. The Journal of biological chemistry 79 17761674
2020 ApoC1 promotes the metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma via activation of STAT3. Oncogene 69 32826950
2022 Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies APOC1 as an immunological biomarker which regulates macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis. Pharmacological research 67 35914680
2019 Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) promotes tumor progression via MAPK signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Cancer management and research 56 31213910
2006 Endogenous apoC-I increases hyperlipidemia in apoE-knockout mice by stimulating VLDL production and inhibiting LPL. Journal of lipid research 47 16537968
2005 Kinetic stabilization and fusion of apolipoprotein A-2:DMPC disks: comparison with apoA-1 and apoC-1. Biophysical journal 43 15681655
2004 APOE and APOC1 promoter polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer disease in African American and Caribbean Hispanic individuals. Archives of neurology 41 15364690
1976 The solid phase synthesis of a protein activator for lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase corresponding to human plasma apoC-I. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 36 179085
2002 Genetic association of an apolipoprotein C-I (APOC1) gene polymorphism with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience letters 35 11825674
2002 Plasma kinetics of VLDL and HDL apoC-I in normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Journal of lipid research 35 12364552
2018 Biothiols and oxidative stress markers and polymorphisms of TOMM40 and APOC1 genes in Alzheimer's disease patients. Oncotarget 32 30443289
2003 Plasma turnover of HDL apoC-I, apoC-III, and apoE in humans: in vivo evidence for a link between HDL apoC-III and apoA-I metabolism. Journal of lipid research 32 12867543
1988 Exact localization of the familial dysbetalipoproteinemia associated HpaI restriction site in the promoter region of the APOC1 gene. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 29 2897845
1986 There are two gene sequences for human apolipoprotein CI (apo CI) on chromosome 19, one of which is 4 kb from the gene for apo E. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 29 3013172
2014 APOE and APOC1 gene polymorphisms are associated with cognitive impairment progression in Chinese patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neural regeneration research 28 25206869
2004 Synthesis and secretion of apoC-I and apoE during maturation of human SW872 liposarcoma cells. The Journal of nutrition 28 15514255
2011 Genetic influences on Alzheimer's disease: evidence of interactions between the genes APOE, APOC1 and ACE in a sample population from the South of Brazil. Neurochemical research 24 21533863
2003 Plasma concentration and lipoprotein distribution of ApoC-I is dependent on ApoE genotype rather than the Hpa I ApoC-I promoter polymorphism. Atherosclerosis 23 12860251
2016 Screening and Identification of APOC1 as a Novel Potential Biomarker for Differentiate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Children. Frontiers in microbiology 21 28018301
2023 Huanglian Ganjiang decoction alleviates ulcerative colitis by restoring gut barrier via APOC1-JNK/P38 MAPK signal pathway based on proteomic analysis. Journal of ethnopharmacology 20 37541400
2023 Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated APOC1 silencing to inhibit MAPK/ERK and NF-κB pathway and suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis. Science China. Life sciences 20 37668862
2022 ZNF460 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition to promote gastric cancer progression by transactivating APOC1 expression. Experimental cell research 20 36563923
2023 APOC1 promotes the progression of osteosarcoma by binding to MTCH2. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 14 36911382
2018 Effects of apoC1 genotypes on the hormonal levels, metabolic profile and PAF-AH activity in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Lipids in health and disease 14 29636060
2008 Molecular cloning and expression characterization of ApoC-I in the orange-spotted grouper. Fish physiology and biochemistry 14 18958591
2004 The common insertional polymorphism in the APOC1 promoter is associated with serum apolipoprotein C-I levels in Hispanic children. Atherosclerosis 14 15777558
2001 APOE and APOC1 genetic polymorphisms in age-associated memory impairment. Neurogenetics 14 11714102
2023 APOC1 exacerbates renal fibrosis through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in IgAN. Frontiers in pharmacology 13 37305534
2023 Long noncoding RNA DLEU1 promotes proliferation and glycolysis of gastric cancer cells via APOC1 upregulation by recruiting SMYD2 to induce trimethylation of H3K4 modification. Translational oncology 13 37478669
2010 Detection of two distinct forms of apoC-I in great apes. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics 13 20209111
2024 APOC1 reduced anti-PD-1 immunotherapy of nonsmall cell lung cancer via the transformation of M2 into M1 macrophages by ferroptosis by NRF2/HO-1. Anti-cancer drugs 12 38241194
2015 Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 ameliorates inflammation of colon and skin in human APOC1 transgenic mice. Beneficial microbes 12 26689228
2008 Aromatic residues in the C-terminal helix of human apoC-I mediate phospholipid interactions and particle morphology. Journal of lipid research 12 18984910
2013 Human HDL containing a novel apoC-I isoform induces smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Cardiovascular research 11 23354389
2009 ApoE and ApoC-I polymorphisms: association of genotype with cardiovascular disease phenotype in African Americans. Journal of lipid research 11 19252179
2024 M2 macrophage exosome-derived Apoc1 promotes ferroptosis resistance in osteosarcoma by inhibiting ACSF2 deubiquitination. Molecular carcinogenesis 10 39041949
2023 Inhibition of Apoc1 reverses resistance of sorafenib by promoting ferroptosis in esophageal cancers. Gene 10 37804922
2022 Modulation of retinoid-X-receptors differentially regulates expression of apolipoprotein genes apoc1 and apoeb by zebrafish microglia. Biology open 10 34878094
1985 Monoclonal antibodies to rat C apolipoproteins: production and characterization of a unique antibody whose binding to apoC-I is inhibited by nonionic detergents. Journal of lipid research 10 2410524
2024 Shared genetic aetiology of Alzheimer's disease and age-related macular degeneration by APOC1 and APOE genes. BMJ neurology open 9 38646507
1987 Human apolipoprotein CI (ApoC1) gene locus: BglI dimorphic site. Nucleic acids research 9 2881271
2023 APOC1 as a novel diagnostic biomarker for DN based on machine learning algorithms and experiment. Frontiers in endocrinology 8 36891052
2022 Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1), A Candidate Diagnostic Serum Biomarker for Breast Cancer Identified by Serum Proteomics Study. Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression 7 35695660
2019 Assessment of ApoC1, LuzP6, C12orf75 and OCC-1 in cystic glioblastoma using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Medical molecular morphology 7 31006040
2024 HOXD9/APOC1 axis promotes macrophage M1 polarization to exacerbate diabetic kidney disease progression through activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Hereditas 6 39511608
2005 Post-transcriptional regulation of apoC-I synthesis and secretion in human HepG2 cells. Atherosclerosis 6 15694932
2005 Human apoA-I expression in CETP transgenic rats leads to lower levels of apoC-I in HDL and to magnification of CETP-mediated lipoprotein changes. Journal of lipid research 6 16282639
1987 Expression of a monoclonal antibody-defined aminoterminal epitope of human apoC-I on native and reconstituted lipoproteins. Journal of lipid research 6 2442277
1977 Ionization behaviour of native apolipoproteins and of their complexes with lecithin. 2. Potentiometric titration of the native apo-A-II, apoC-I, apoC-III proteins and of their complexes with dimyristoyl lecithin. European journal of biochemistry 6 21090
2024 miR-378a-5p exerts tumor-suppressive effects on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunotherapy by downregulating APOC1/CEP55. Scientific reports 5 38172247
2002 Lipoprotein lipase and APOE/APOC-I/APOC-II gene cluster diversity in native Brazilian populations. American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council 5 12112572
2023 Serum APOC1 levels are decreased in young autoantibody positive children who rapidly progress to type 1 diabetes. Scientific reports 4 37743383
2022 Genetic Variants and Haplotypes of TOMM40, APOE, and APOC1 are Related to the Age of Onset of Late-onset Alzheimer Disease in a Colombian Population. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders 4 35149606
2022 Feasibility of ApoC1 serum levels as tumor biomarker in glioblastoma patients: a pilot study. Scientific reports 4 36216850
2022 ApoC1 promotes glioma metastasis by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activating the STAT3 pathway. Neurological research 4 36302088
1985 Monoclonal antibody to rat apoC: multiple binding to apoC-I on lipoproteins increases its affinity constant. Journal of lipid research 4 3928790
2025 APOC1 knockdown induces apoptosis and decreases angiogenesis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells through blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biomolecules & biomedicine 3 39873475
2025 ALYREF-Mediated Regulation of TBL1XR1 and KMT2E Synergistically Upregulates APOC1, Contributing to Oxaliplatin Resistance in Esophageal Cancer. Cancer research and treatment 3 39901699
2023 miRNA-660-3p inhibits malignancy in glioblastoma via negative regulation of APOC1-TGFβ2 signaling pathway. Cancer biology & therapy 3 37981873
2025 APOC1 expressed in macrophages promotes the pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer via CCL2/CCL5. International immunopharmacology 2 40194454
2024 TOMM40 and APOC1 variants differentiate the impacts of the APOE ε4 allele on Alzheimer's disease risk across sexes, ages, and ancestries. Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2 38912305
2024 PHACTR1 and APOC1 genetic variants are associated with multi-vessel coronary artery disease. Lipids in health and disease 2 39395990
2024 Apoc1 Knockdown Alleviates High Glucose-induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis of Renal Tubular Cells by Binding to Clusterin. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 2 39630345
2022 The Mean ApoC1 Serum Level in Postoperative Samples from Neurosurgical Patients Is Lower than in Preoperative Samples and during Chemotherapy. Biology 2 36101402
2021 Analysis of whole genome sequenced cases and controls shows that the association of variants in TOMM40, BCAM, NECTIN2 and APOC1 with late onset Alzheimer's disease is driven by linkage disequilibrium with APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles. Journal of neurogenetics 2 33970751
2014 Higher primates, but not New World monkeys, have a duplicate set of enhancers flanking their apoC-I genes. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics 2 25160599
2025 The roles, signalling pathways and therapeutic implications of Apoc1 in cancer. Discover oncology 1 40349270
2025 ZKSCAN5 transcriptional regulation of APOC1 modulates ferroptosis via PI3K/AKT/SREBP2/SLC1A5 axis. Journal of translational medicine 1 41029397
2025 Transcriptome analysis combined with single-cell analysis identified that APOC1 influences cholesterol transport by macrophages in ccRCC. Scientific reports 1 41053280
2024 Shexiang tongxin dropping pill alleviates myocardial injury induced by coronary microembolization by down-regulating APOC1 to inhibit STAT3 signaling pathway. Aging 1 38771126
2024 The Endogenous Inhibitor of CETP, apoC1, Remains Ineffective In Vivo after Correction of Hyperglycemia in People with Type 1 Diabetes. Metabolites 1 39330494
2023 Protective Association of APOC1/rs4420638 with Risk of Obesity: A case-control Study in Portuguese Children. Biochemical genetics 1 37328602
2013 Proteogenomic Review of the Changes in Primate apoC-I during Evolution. Frontiers in biology 1 28757862
2025 APOC1 inhibit NKTCL doxorubicin sensitivity by promoting mitophagy. IUBMB life 0 39817465
2025 Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing identifies APOC1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in cholangiocarcinoma. Genomics 0 40064358
2025 APOC1, transcriptionally regulated by FOXM1, promotes M2 macrophage polarization and cervical cancer progression. Mutation research 0 40139083
2025 Association of APOC1 with cortical atrophy during conversion to Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 0 40369256
2025 Role of APOC1 and NOP16 in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. BMC urology 0 41408238
2025 LAR1 promotes breast carcinogenesis by activating NF-κB signaling pathway through binding and enhancing APOC1 expression. iScience 0 41623496
2020 [Analysis of rs4420638A/G and -317H1/H2 polymorphisms of APOC1 gene among Chinese patients with pre-eclampsia]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 0 32619263