Affinage

CD163

Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 · UniProt Q86VB7

Length
1156 aa
Mass
125.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 27 papers cited in narrative 24 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

CD163 is a macrophage scavenger receptor that mediates clearance and detoxification of hemoglobin: it binds haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes — but not free haptoglobin or free hemoglobin alone — and internalizes them into lysosomes, where ligand degradation couples to heme oxygenase-1-mediated conversion of heme into anti-inflammatory metabolites (CO, biliverdin, iron) (PMID:11854028, PMID:15478309, PMID:16164022, PMID:23781295). The receptor also captures free hemoglobin directly with lower affinity, and haptoglobin complex formation enhances uptake selectively at low hemoglobin concentrations, defining a biphasic clearance model confirmed in vivo where CD163-knockout mice show impaired plasma hemoglobin clearance (PMID:16189277, PMID:22793784). Beyond erythrophagocytosis, CD163 functions broadly as an anti-inflammatory hub: it endocytoses haptoglobin-HMGB1 complexes to drive HO-1 and IL-10 production, and CD163 deficiency worsens sepsis and collagen-induced arthritis, the latter accompanied by skewed T-cell polarization (PMID:27294203, PMID:32710083). CD163 binds soluble TWEAK in competition with Hp-Hb ligand, sequestering TWEAK away from its receptor Fn14 to restrain inflammatory MAPK/NF-κB signaling and M1 macrophage polarization (PMID:17548657, PMID:38148798). In atherosclerosis, hemoglobin/haptoglobin-exposed CD163+ macrophages release factors that activate NF-κB in neighboring vascular cells, driving Snail-dependent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition while inducing hyaluronan synthase to inhibit vascular calcification; CD163 deletion in athero-prone mice alters both processes (PMID:36719758, PMID:38860377). In tumors CD163 supports protumoral macrophage function, interacting with casein kinase 2 to sustain AKT/β-catenin signaling in glioma and driving IL-6/CXCL2 production that promotes tumor cell proliferation (PMID:30258108, PMID:29610117). CD163 is additionally the essential entry receptor for PRRSV, acting downstream of sialoadhesin at a viral uncoating step through its SRCR5 and PSTII domains; genetic deletion of CD163 or of PSTII-domain exon 13 confers complete resistance to PRRSV in pigs without disrupting hemoglobin scavenging (PMID:17494075, PMID:19008379, PMID:38184111). The receptor is transcriptionally upregulated by glucocorticoids, IL-10, and M-CSF and suppressed by LPS and IFN-γ (PMID:10725797), and is post-translationally regulated by ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding that generates plasma soluble CD163 and limits surface receptor availability for both ligand binding and viral entry (PMID:22060747, PMID:22900885, PMID:24965453).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 15 steps
  1. 2002 High

    Establishing CD163's ligand specificity answered what physiological cargo this macrophage receptor handles, defining it as a dedicated endocytic receptor for haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes.

    Evidence Endocytosis and ligand-binding assays in macrophages and transfected cells

    PMID:11854028 PMID:15478309 PMID:16164022

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not resolve which SRCR domains mediate Hp-Hb binding
    • Quantitative affinity and structural basis of complex recognition not defined
  2. 2004 High

    Linking CD163 endocytosis to lysosomal degradation and HO-1 metabolism showed how hemoglobin clearance translates into an anti-inflammatory metabolic output.

    Evidence Uptake assays with heme oxygenase activity and gene expression measurement in macrophages

    PMID:15478309 PMID:23781295

    Open questions at the time
    • Intracellular trafficking and receptor recycling steps not detailed
    • Signaling coupling endocytosis to HO-1 induction unresolved
  3. 2005 High

    Demonstrating lower-affinity recognition of free hemoglobin established a biphasic clearance model in which haptoglobin matters mainly at low hemoglobin loads.

    Evidence Endocytosis and competition assays in primary macrophages and CD163-transfected HEK293 cells with chemically modified hemoglobins

    PMID:16189277

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural determinants distinguishing free-Hb from Hp-Hb binding not mapped
  4. 2007 Medium

    Identifying CD163 as a PRRSV susceptibility receptor and a TWEAK ligand expanded its role beyond hemoglobin scavenging into viral entry and cytokine sequestration.

    Evidence cDNA functional screen with domain-deletion in non-permissive cells; combinatorial peptide library and competition binding for TWEAK

    PMID:17494075 PMID:17548657

    Open questions at the time
    • TWEAK-CD163 finding from a single lab without in vivo confirmation
    • Mechanism by which CD163 confers PRRSV permissiveness not yet resolved at this stage
  5. 2008 High

    Dissecting PRRSV entry showed CD163 acts at a post-internalization uncoating step downstream of sialoadhesin, separating internalization from genome release.

    Evidence Temperature-shift antibody blocking, confocal imaging of uncoating, and genetic co-expression in cell lines

    PMID:19008379

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular interactions enabling uncoating not defined
    • Generalizability beyond porcine macrophage system unaddressed
  6. 2012 High

    In vivo knockout and shedding studies established CD163's physiological contribution to plasma hemoglobin clearance and identified ADAM17 as the source of soluble CD163.

    Evidence CD163-knockout mouse clearance studies with in vitro binding; ADAM17 inhibitor and plasma biomarker analysis

    PMID:22060747 PMID:22793784 PMID:22900885

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the CD163-independent clearance pathway in mice unresolved
    • Species differences in haptoglobin-promoted binding not mechanistically explained
  7. 2013 Medium

    Characterizing autocrine and paracrine sCD163 activity revealed how shed receptor and recycling cooperate to suppress hemoglobin pseudoperoxidase activity and shuttle residual Hb between cell types.

    Evidence Ex vivo coculture, flow cytometry, endocytosis and peroxidase assays, recycling experiments

    PMID:23589619

    Open questions at the time
    • Single-lab functional model awaits independent confirmation
    • In vivo relevance of the sCD163-Hb-IgG paracrine route not established
  8. 2016 High

    Discovery of the haptoglobin-HMGB1-CD163 axis defined a route by which CD163 dampens inflammation and improves sepsis survival via HO-1 and IL-10.

    Evidence HMGB1-haptoglobin binding assays with CD163-deficient and haptoglobin-deficient macrophages and mouse sepsis survival

    PMID:27294203

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether HMGB1-Hp uses the same SRCR binding site as Hp-Hb not determined
  9. 2014 High

    Showing ADAM17 shedding controls surface CD163 levels connected receptor turnover to PRRSV receptor availability and infection efficiency.

    Evidence ADAM17 inhibition, overexpression, and siRNA knockdown with PRRSV infection assays in multiple cell types

    PMID:24965453

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological triggers of shedding during natural infection not defined
  10. 2017 Medium

    Distinguishing extracellular-vesicle-associated CD163 from proteolytically shed ectodomain refined interpretation of the plasma sCD163 biomarker.

    Evidence Plasma vesicle fractionation with ELISA in endotoxin challenge and septic cohorts

    PMID:28084321

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of EV-associated CD163 unknown
    • Biogenesis of CD163+ vesicles not characterized
  11. 2018 Medium

    Identifying CD163-CK2 interaction and a cytokine output established a protumoral signaling role for CD163 in tumor-associated macrophages.

    Evidence Co-IP of CD163 with CK2, siRNA knockdown and overexpression rescue, pathway and cytokine readouts in glioma and sarcoma models

    PMID:29610117 PMID:30258108

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct CD163-CK2 interaction shown by Co-IP in a single lab without structural mapping
    • How a scavenger receptor couples to intracellular CK2/AKT signaling mechanistically unclear
  12. 2020 High

    Genetic knockout in pigs proved CD163 is an essential, non-redundant PRRSV entry receptor while confirming its hemoglobin-scavenging role through an iron phenotype.

    Evidence CRISPR CD163-knockout pigs with in vivo viral challenge and physiological phenotyping

    PMID:32876563

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether scavenging and viral-entry functions can be fully separated not resolved here
  13. 2020 Medium

    In vivo arthritis models defined a strong anti-inflammatory role for CD163 linked to T-cell polarization, while macrophage studies tied CD163 loss to TLR4-NF-κB-driven shedding.

    Evidence CD163-deficient mouse CIA/CAIA models with immune profiling; LPS treatment with NF-κB and ADAM17 analysis in macrophages; alpha-synuclein uptake assay

    PMID:32269560 PMID:32710083 PMID:33332647

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking CD163 to Th1/Th2 balance not defined
    • Alpha-synuclein role rests on a single low-detail in vitro study
  14. 2023 Medium

    Mapping the CD163-TWEAK-Fn14 axis and defining the SRCR5 binding pocket clarified how CD163 restrains M1 polarization and how small molecules can block viral interactions.

    Evidence Recombinant CD163 and siRNA in M2-to-M1 model with Co-IP; BiFC PPI screen and direct binding to purified CD163-SRCR5 with antiviral assays

    PMID:37133376 PMID:38148798

    Open questions at the time
    • TWEAK-Fn14 disruption model from a single lab
    • SRCR5 small-molecule binding affinities are weak (Kd 28-39 uM)
  15. 2024 High

    Atherosclerosis models established that CD163+ macrophages, responding to hemoglobin/haptoglobin, drive NF-κB-dependent EndMT via Snail and inhibit calcification via hyaluronan synthase, and exon-13 editing localized PRRSV entry to the PSTII domain.

    Evidence VSMC and endothelial cocultures with NF-κB inhibition and target knockdown, ApoE-/-/CD163-/- mice, human tissue and scRNA-seq; CRISPR exon-13 deletion pigs with viral challenge

    PMID:36719758 PMID:38184111 PMID:38860377

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the macrophage-secreted factors activating vascular NF-κB not defined
    • How PSTII-domain residues mediate viral entry structurally unresolved

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CD163's distinct ligand-binding domains coordinate hemoglobin clearance, TWEAK sequestration, and viral uncoating, and how a surface scavenger receptor transmits intracellular signals (CK2/AKT, NF-κB) remains the central open mechanistic question.
  • No structural model assigns each function to defined SRCR domains
  • Mechanism linking ligand endocytosis to cytoplasmic signaling unknown
  • Cytoplasmic-domain isoforms and phosphorylation functionally uncharacterized

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0001618 virus receptor activity 4 GO:0038024 cargo receptor activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 2 GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 2
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3 GO:0005576 extracellular region 2 GO:0005764 lysosome 2 GO:0005768 endosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport 3
Partners
CSNK2A1HBBHMGB1HPTNFSF12

Evidence

Reading pass · 24 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2002 CD163 functions as an endocytic receptor that binds haptoglobin-hemoglobin (Hp-Hb) complexes and mediates their internalization into macrophage lysosomes; free hemoglobin or free haptoglobin alone are not recognized, only the complex. Endocytosis assays, ligand binding studies in macrophages and transfected cells The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology High 11854028 15478309 16164022
2004 CD163-mediated endocytosis of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes leads to lysosomal degradation of the ligand proteins and metabolism of heme by cytosolic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), producing anti-inflammatory heme metabolites (CO, biliverdin, iron). Cell-based uptake assays, heme oxygenase activity measurements, gene expression analysis in macrophages Annals of medicine High 15478309 23781295
2005 CD163 acts as a scavenger receptor for free (haptoglobin-independent) hemoglobin via a lower-affinity direct interaction, mediating receptor-dependent endocytosis into an endosomal compartment and inducing heme oxygenase mRNA in CD163+ cells but not CD163- cells; Hp-complex formation critically enhances Hb uptake at low but not high concentrations, supporting a biphasic model of macrophage Hb clearance. Endocytosis assays in primary human macrophages and CD163-transfected HEK293 cells, competition binding assays, HO-1 mRNA induction, uptake of chemically modified hemoglobins (αα-DBBF crosslinked Hb) Blood High 16189277
2007 CD163 is a cellular receptor that confers susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV); expression of full-length CD163 in non-permissive cells renders them permissive for productive PRRSV infection; CD163 splice variants lacking the C-terminal transmembrane anchor domain do not confer receptor function. cDNA library functional screen, transient transfection of CD163 from multiple species into non-permissive cell lines, stable cell line generation, viral infection and titration assays Journal of virology High 17494075
2007 TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis) binds directly to CD163, competing with Hp-Hb complexes for the same receptor; monocytes (which are CD163+ and Fn14-negative) can sequester soluble TWEAK via CD163, preventing TWEAK-mediated tumor cell apoptosis, indicating that CD163 acts as a TWEAK scavenger or alternate receptor. Combinatorial peptide library screen, dose-dependent binding assays, anti-CD163 antibody blockade, competition assays with soluble CD163 and Fn14/TweakR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, CD163-transfected CHO cell binding assay Journal of immunology Medium 17548657
2008 In PRRSV entry into primary porcine macrophages, sialoadhesin mediates virus internalization while CD163 is required for a subsequent uncoating step; both receptors are needed for efficient productive infection, with co-expression increasing virus production 10–100-fold over CD163 alone. Antibody blocking at 4°C vs 37°C, confocal microscopy of viral uncoating in cells expressing sialoadhesin alone vs both receptors, stable co-expression cell lines, viral infection assays The Journal of general virology High 19008379
2012 In mice, CD163 mediates plasma clearance of hemoglobin; CD163-knockout mice show slightly slower Hb clearance with a one-phase decay (vs two-phase in wild-type), indicating CD163-dependent and CD163-independent clearance pathways. Notably, mouse haptoglobin does not promote high-affinity binding of mouse Hb to CD163 (unlike the human system). In vivo plasma clearance studies with fluorescently labeled Hb in CD163-knockout vs wild-type mice, HPLC analysis of serum, in vitro binding assays with purified proteins, ligand uptake in CD163-transfected cells Antioxidants & redox signaling High 22793784
2012 Soluble CD163 (sCD163) arises from metalloprotease-mediated ectodomain shedding (TACE/ADAM17) near the cell membrane; inflammatory stimuli increase shedding, producing the plasma biomarker form. Biochemical cleavage analysis, ADAM17 inhibitor experiments, plasma measurements in endotoxin-challenged humans and septic patients Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation Medium 22060747 22900885
2013 CD163 directly suppresses hemoglobin pseudoperoxidase activity via an autocrine mechanism involving shedding of CD163, sequestration of Hb by soluble CD163 (sCD163), and recycling of CD163 on monocytes; paracrinally, sCD163–Hb–IgG complexes are endocytosed into monocytes via FcγR, and monocyte-derived sCD163 and IgG shuttle residual Hb into proximal endothelial cells for further clearance. Ex vivo coculture experiments, flow cytometry, endocytosis assays, peroxidase activity assays, CD163 recycling experiments Journal of immunology Medium 23589619
2014 ADAM17 metalloprotease regulates PRRSV infection by mediating ectodomain shedding of CD163 from the cell surface; inhibition of ADAM17 upregulates membrane CD163 and enhances PRRSV entry, while overexpression of ADAM17 downregulates CD163 and reduces infection, demonstrating that ADAM17-mediated shedding of CD163 limits PRRSV receptor availability. ADAM17 inhibitor treatment, ADAM17 overexpression, siRNA-mediated ADAM17 knockdown in Marc-145 and PAMs; CD163 expression measured by flow cytometry/western blot; PRRSV infection assays in CD163-transfected BHK-21 cells Journal of virology High 24965453
2016 Haptoglobin binds HMGB1, and the haptoglobin-HMGB1 complex is taken up via CD163 on macrophages, triggering production of anti-inflammatory HO-1 and IL-10; this pathway is abrogated in CD163-deficient macrophages and in haptoglobin-deficient animals, which show enhanced mortality in sepsis models. Co-IP/binding assays between haptoglobin and HMGB1, functional assays in WT vs CD163-deficient and haptoglobin-deficient macrophages, mouse sepsis survival experiments with haptoglobin administration JCI insight High 27294203
2017 In plasma, approximately 10% of 'soluble CD163' in healthy individuals is actually membrane-associated CD163 carried on extracellular vesicles (EV-CD163), not proteolytically shed ectodomain; endotoxin injection selectively increases shed ectodomain CD163, while septic patients show high levels of both forms, with EV-associated CD163 representing up to 60% of total plasma CD163 in severe sepsis. Vesicle precipitation from plasma, ELISA quantification of ectodomain vs EV-associated CD163, endotoxin challenge in human volunteers, septic patient plasma analysis Scientific reports Medium 28084321
2018 CD163 is required for macrophage-mediated protumoral activation; CD163 directly interacts with casein kinase 2 (CK2), and CD163 silencing reduces AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin/cyclin D1 pathway activity in glioma cells via CK2, inhibiting glioma cell proliferation and stem cell marker expression. Co-immunoprecipitation of CD163 and CK2, CD163 siRNA knockdown, pathway analysis by western blot, CD133/ALDH1A1/NANOG/OCT4 marker expression, cell cycle analysis Oncogene Medium 30258108
2018 CD163 is required for protumoral activation of macrophages in sarcoma; CD163 deficiency in macrophages suppresses production of IL-6 and CXCL2, reducing tumor cell proliferation; overexpression of CD163 in CD163-deficient macrophages rescues IL-6 and CXCL2 production; IL-6 (but not CXCL2) silencing abrogates macrophage-induced tumor cell proliferation. CD163-deficient mouse sarcoma models (MCA205, LM8), CD163 siRNA in human macrophages, CD163 overexpression rescue experiment, co-culture assays, cytokine measurements Cancer research High 29610117
2020 CD163 deficiency in pigs (CD163-knockout) confers complete resistance to genotype 2 PRRSV and TGEV infection in vivo, confirming that CD163 is an essential entry receptor for PRRSV; CD163-KO pigs showed increased muscle iron, consistent with the physiological role of CD163 in hemoglobin scavenging. CRISPR gene-editing to produce CD163/pAPN double-knockout pigs, viral challenge experiments in vivo, serological and PCR monitoring eLife High 32876563
2020 CD163 deficiency in mice strongly enhances collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), with several-fold higher arthritis scores, early onset, prolonged disease, and enhanced progression; CD163-deficient mice show a predominant Th2 response (vs Th1 in WT) in inflamed joints at late time points, demonstrating that CD163 exerts a strong anti-inflammatory function linked to T-cell polarization. CIA and CAIA models in CD163-deficient vs WT C57BL/6 mice, arthritis scoring, serum anti-collagen antibody isotyping, cytokine profiling, T-cell marker analysis Scientific reports High 32710083
2020 LPS downregulates CD163 expression on porcine alveolar macrophages via the TLR4-NF-κB pathway and activates ADAM17, promoting cleavage of membrane CD163; the resulting reduction in surface CD163 suppresses PRRSV replication. LPS treatment of PAMs and Marc-145 cells, NF-κB pathway analysis, ADAM17 activation measurement, CD163 expression by western blot/flow cytometry, PRRSV infection assays Frontiers in microbiology Medium 32269560
2023 Recombinant CD163 protein inhibits LPS-induced transformation of M2 macrophages to M1 by disrupting the TWEAK-Fn14 interaction; CD163 knockdown enhances M1-like transformation with increased P38/ERK/JNK/NF-κB signaling, while recombinant CD163 suppresses these pathways; LPS reduces the CD163-TWEAK complex, increasing free TWEAK binding to Fn14. CD163 siRNA knockdown, recombinant CD163 protein treatment, LPS-induced M2-to-M1 transformation model, western blot for MAPK/NF-κB pathways, cytokine mRNA measurement, co-immunoprecipitation of CD163-TWEAK complex Heliyon Medium 38148798
2024 CD163+ macrophages exposed to hemoglobin/haptoglobin (HH) complexes release factors that activate NF-κB in vascular smooth muscle cells, which in turn induces hyaluronan synthase (HAS) transcription, inhibiting vascular calcification; CD163 deletion in ApoE−/− mice increases vascular calcification; blocking NF-κB attenuates the anti-calcific effect of CD163+ macrophage-conditioned medium. In vitro VSMC culture with CD163+ macrophage supernatant, NF-κB inhibition experiments, HAS knockdown in VSMCs, ApoE−/−/CD163−/− mouse model, immunostaining of human arteries, western blot JCI insight High 36719758
2024 CD163+ macrophages exposed to hemoglobin/haptoglobin induce endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in aortic endothelial cells via NF-κB-mediated upregulation of the transcription factor Snail; CD163 deletion in athero-prone mice reduces EndMT and plaque progression. Human aortic endothelial cells cultured with HH-exposed macrophage supernatant, western blot for mesenchymal/endothelial markers, NF-κB/Snail pathway analysis, ApoE−/−/CD163−/− mouse model, microarray for apoptosis genes, single-cell RNA-seq from human carotid endarterectomy Circulation research High 38860377
2023 Small molecules that directly bind the SRCR5 domain of CD163 block the PRRSV GP4–CD163 and GP2a–CD163 protein-protein interactions and potently inhibit PRRSV infection; confirmed physical binding to CD163-SRCR5 with Kd values of 28–39 μM by biophysical assay. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) PPI screen, direct binding assay to purified CD163-SRCR5 protein (Kd measurement), antiviral assays in PAMs, structure-activity relationship analysis Journal of virology Medium 37133376
2024 Deletion of exon 13 of CD163 (encoding the first 12 amino acids of the PSTII domain) in gene-edited pigs confers complete resistance to PRRSV-2 infection without affecting CD163's physiological function (hemoglobin scavenging) in vivo. CRISPR gene editing to delete exon 13 in pigs, in vivo PRRSV-2 challenge with co-housed WT controls, PCR and serological monitoring, assessment of iron homeostasis and production performance Antiviral research High 38184111
2020 In vitro, alpha-synuclein activates macrophages and induces shedding of sCD163; sCD163 in turn enhances alpha-synuclein uptake by myeloid cells, suggesting a role for CD163 in alpha-synuclein clearance. In vitro macrophage stimulation with alpha-synuclein, measurement of sCD163 release, alpha-synuclein uptake assay in myeloid cells Movement disorders Low 33332647
1999 CD163 gene expression is induced by M-CSF, IL-10, and dexamethasone (glucocorticoids), and suppressed by LPS, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF+IL-4 (dendritic differentiation); the proximal promoter contains glucocorticoid receptor binding sites as well as putative Sp1, C/EBPα, Ets-2, PU.1, and AP-1 sites; multiple isoforms result from alternative splicing and differ in cytoplasmic domain structure and putative phosphorylation sites. In vitro monocyte culture with cytokines/glucocorticoids, Northern blot/RT-PCR for CD163 mRNA, promoter sequence analysis and identification of transcription factor binding sites, genomic organization analysis Pathobiology Medium 10725797

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 CD163 and inflammation: biological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects. Antioxidants & redox signaling 483 22900885
2004 CD163: a regulated hemoglobin scavenger receptor with a role in the anti-inflammatory response. Annals of medicine 359 15478309
2005 The macrophage scavenger receptor CD163. Immunobiology 344 16164022
2011 Soluble CD163. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation 314 22060747
2010 Scavenger receptor CD163, a Jack-of-all-trades and potential target for cell-directed therapy. Molecular immunology 310 20299103
2020 Transcriptional and Functional Analysis of CD1c+ Human Dendritic Cells Identifies a CD163+ Subset Priming CD8+CD103+ T Cells. Immunity 291 32610077
2007 CD163 expression confers susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. Journal of virology 283 17494075
2018 CD163+ macrophages promote angiogenesis and vascular permeability accompanied by inflammation in atherosclerosis. The Journal of clinical investigation 278 29457790
2010 A subpopulation of CD163-positive macrophages is classically activated in psoriasis. The Journal of investigative dermatology 239 20555352
2005 CD163 is the macrophage scavenger receptor for native and chemically modified hemoglobins in the absence of haptoglobin. Blood 239 16189277
2008 Sialoadhesin and CD163 join forces during entry of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The Journal of general virology 212 19008379
2020 Targeting of CD163+ Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. International journal of molecular sciences 205 32752088
2007 A previously unrecognized protein-protein interaction between TWEAK and CD163: potential biological implications. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 197 17548657
2002 CD163: a signal receptor scavenging haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes from plasma. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 184 11854028
2013 The haptoglobin-CD163-heme oxygenase-1 pathway for hemoglobin scavenging. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 150 23781295
2006 The rat macrophage scavenger receptor CD163: expression, regulation and role in inflammatory mediator production. Immunobiology 150 16920481
2020 Macrophage Activation Markers, CD163 and CD206, in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Cells 134 32397365
2011 CD163 and its role in inflammation. Folia histochemica et cytobiologica 124 22038213
2020 CD163 and pAPN double-knockout pigs are resistant to PRRSV and TGEV and exhibit decreased susceptibility to PDCoV while maintaining normal production performance. eLife 122 32876563
2010 A brief review of CD163 and its role in PRRSV infection. Virus research 103 20655964
2020 Urinary Soluble CD163: a Novel Noninvasive Biomarker of Activity for Lupus Nephritis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 95 32300067
2016 Identification of CD163 as an antiinflammatory receptor for HMGB1-haptoglobin complexes. JCI insight 91 27294203
2005 Human monocyte CD163 expression inversely correlates with soluble CD163 plasma levels. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 91 15624200
2012 Plasma clearance of hemoglobin and haptoglobin in mice and effect of CD163 gene targeting disruption. Antioxidants & redox signaling 84 22793784
2018 CD163 Is Required for Protumoral Activation of Macrophages in Human and Murine Sarcoma. Cancer research 83 29610117
2007 Gating the radical hemoglobin to macrophages: the anti-inflammatory role of CD163, a scavenger receptor. Antioxidants & redox signaling 77 17508920
2019 Molecular and clinical characterization of CD163 expression via large-scale analysis in glioma. Oncoimmunology 75 31143523
2017 CD163 Expression in Neurons After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 75 28360115
2009 Modulation of CD163 receptor expression and replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in porcine macrophages. Virus research 69 19111584
2019 The number and localization of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages in different stages of cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma research 68 30399061
2019 Coexpression of CD163 and CD141 identifies human circulating IL-10-producing dendritic cells (DC-10). Cellular & molecular immunology 67 30842629
2009 Scavenger receptor CD163 and its biological functions. Acta medica (Hradec Kralove) 66 19777868
1999 The scavenger receptor CD163: regulation, promoter structure and genomic organization. Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology 61 10725797
2021 Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells Induce Infiltration and Formation of CD163+ Macrophages via CCL2/CCR2 Pathway. Frontiers in medicine 60 33614685
2014 Modulation of CD163 expression by metalloprotease ADAM17 regulates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus entry. Journal of virology 59 24965453
2021 The TWEAK/Fn14/CD163 axis-implications for metabolic disease. Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 58 34542797
2018 CD163, a novel therapeutic target, regulates the proliferation and stemness of glioma cells via casein kinase 2. Oncogene 51 30258108
2015 CD163+CD14+ macrophages, a potential immune biomarker for malignant pleural effusion. Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII 49 25944005
2005 Expression of CD163 in the liver of patients with viral hepatitis. Pathology, research and practice 49 16047947
2012 Glucocorticoids enhance CD163 expression in placental Hofbauer cells. Endocrinology 48 23142809
2022 Changes in CD163+, CD11b+, and CCR2+ peripheral monocytes relate to Parkinson's disease and cognition. Brain, behavior, and immunity 45 35026420
2020 CD163 expression defines specific, IRF8-dependent, immune-modulatory macrophages in the bone marrow. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 44 32199911
2020 Soluble CD163 Changes Indicate Monocyte Association With Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 44 33332647
2017 The absence of the CD163 receptor has distinct temporal influences on intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 44 28358264
2015 Oleacein enhances anti-inflammatory activity of human macrophages by increasing CD163 receptor expression. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 44 26655408
2001 Haptoglobin and CD163: captor and receptor gating hemoglobin to macrophage lysosomes. Redox report : communications in free radical research 44 11865982
2012 CD163 and its expanding functional repertoire. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 42 22309681
2024 CD163+ Macrophages Induce Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atheroma. Circulation research 41 38860377
2017 Soluble ectodomain CD163 and extracellular vesicle-associated CD163 are two differently regulated forms of 'soluble CD163' in plasma. Scientific reports 39 28084321
2018 CD8+ and CD163+ infiltrating cells and PD-L1 immunoexpression in oral leukoplakia and oral carcinoma. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 38 30160018
2020 CD163+ macrophages are associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype in human carotid plaques. Scientific reports 37 32873809
2017 A possible interaction between periostin and CD163+ skin-resident macrophages in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. Experimental dermatology 37 27501402
2015 CD163/Hemoglobin Oxygenase-1 Pathway Regulates Inflammation in Hematoma Surrounding Tissues after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 37 26403367
2021 Macrophage Activation Markers, Soluble CD163 and Mannose Receptor, in Liver Fibrosis. Frontiers in medicine 36 33490096
2013 CD163 and IgG codefend against cytotoxic hemoglobin via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 35 23589619
2024 Single-cell profiling reveals kidney CD163+ dendritic cell participation in human lupus nephritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 33 38290829
2005 Functional expression of the CD163 scavenger receptor on acute myeloid leukemia cells of monocytic lineage. Journal of leukocyte biology 33 16368951
2023 CD163+ macrophages restrain vascular calcification, promoting the development of high-risk plaque. JCI insight 30 36719758
2020 CD163 deficiency increases foam cell formation and plaque progression in atherosclerotic mice. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 30 32924185
2024 The Role of Soluble CD163 (sCD163) in Human Physiology and Pathophysiology. Cells 29 39451197
2015 Hemoglobin induces monocyte recruitment and CD163-macrophage polarization in abdominal aortic aneurysm. International journal of cardiology 29 26296046
2022 Molecular mechanism of CD163+ tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-derived exosome-induced cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer ascites. Annals of translational medicine 28 36267748
2020 Mouse CD163 deficiency strongly enhances experimental collagen-induced arthritis. Scientific reports 28 32710083
2016 Monocyte CD163 is altered in association with diabetic complications: possible protective role. Journal of leukocyte biology 28 27354410
2020 Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates CD163 Expression to Inhibit PRRSV Infection via TLR4-NF-κB Pathway. Frontiers in microbiology 27 32269560
2014 CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD163+ monocyte subpopulations in kidney allograft transplantation. BMC immunology 27 24499053
2009 Diagnostic value of CD163 in cutaneous spindle cell lesions. Journal of cutaneous pathology 27 19040468
2023 Ferroptosis of CD163+ tissue-infiltrating macrophages and CD10+ PC+ epithelial cells in lupus nephritis. Frontiers in immunology 26 37583695
2023 Identification of New Compounds against PRRSV Infection by Directly Targeting CD163. Journal of virology 25 37133376
2018 Macrophage CD163 expression in cerebrospinal fluid: association with subarachnoid hemorrhage outcome. Journal of neurosurgery 24 30028262
2019 Differential expression and predictive value of monocyte scavenger receptor CD163 in populations with different tuberculosis infection statuses. BMC infectious diseases 23 31779590
2006 Differential expression of monocyte CD163 in single- and dual-asthmatic responders during allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 23 17177682
2021 ANGPTL4 regulates CD163 expression and Kuppfer cell polarization induced cirrhosis via TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Experimental cell research 22 34146541
2018 Identification of mannose receptor and CD163 as novel biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 22 29226859
2016 CD163 and CD206 expression does not correlate with tolerance and cytokine production in LPS-tolerant human monocytes. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry 22 26352275
2021 CD163 as a Potential Biomarker of Monocyte Activation in Ischemic Stroke Patients. International journal of molecular sciences 21 34201498
2019 Role of PFKFB3 and CD163 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Angiogenesis. Current medical science 21 31209811
2019 CD163+ macrophages infiltration correlates with the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10 expression in tongue leukoplakia. Clinical and experimental dental research 21 31890299
2024 Genetically modified pigs lacking CD163 PSTII-domain-coding exon 13 are completely resistant to PRRSV infection. Antiviral research 20 38184111
2023 CD163 protein inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage transformation from M2 to M1 involved in disruption of the TWEAK-Fn14 interaction. Heliyon 20 38148798
2022 Insights from Transcriptomics: CD163+ Profibrotic Lung Macrophages in COVID-19. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology 20 35675555
2020 CD163-positive macrophage infiltration predicts systemic involvement in sarcoidosis. Journal of cutaneous pathology 20 32125018
2023 The clinical utility of CD163 in viral diseases. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 19 36740088
2022 CD163-Expressing Porcine Macrophages Support NADC30-like and NADC34-like PRRSV Infections. Viruses 19 36146862
2022 CD163 and CD206 expression define distinct macrophage subsets involved in active ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. Journal of autoimmunity 19 36183584
2020 The expression and meaning of CD68, CD163, CD57, and IgG4 in granulomatous lobular mastitis. Gland surgery 19 32953603
2024 Pigs lacking the SRCR5 domain of CD163 protein demonstrate heritable resistance to the PRRS virus and no changes in animal performance from birth to maturity. Frontiers in genome editing 18 38544785
2022 Urine Soluble CD163 Is a Promising Biomarker for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Lupus Nephritis. Frontiers in immunology 18 35911758
2020 CD163 Antibodies Inhibit PRRSV Infection via Receptor Blocking and Transcription Suppression. Vaccines 18 33050150
2024 Development of a CD163-Targeted PET Radiotracer That Images Resident Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 17 38548349
2024 Role of CD163 in PRRSV infection. Virology 17 39423600
2022 TREM2 and CD163 Ameliorate Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Environment in the Aging Brain. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 17 35306602
2022 Recent advances in inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through targeting CD163. Frontiers in microbiology 17 36187992
2024 Imaging of tumor-associated macrophage dynamics during immunotherapy using a CD163-specific nanobody-based immunotracer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 16 39693339
2023 Hepatocellular carcinoma progression promoted by 5-lipoxygenase activity in CD163(+) tumor-associated macrophages. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 16 36966664
2020 Development of a Monoclonal Antibody Against Porcine CD163 SRCR5 Domain Which Partially Blocks Infection of PRRSV. Frontiers in veterinary science 16 33251273
2013 Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of CD169⁺ and CD163⁺ macrophages from porcine lymph nodes and spleen. Developmental and comparative immunology 16 24291017
2021 Correlation between CD163 expression and resting pain in patients with hip osteoarthritis: Possible contribution of CD163+ monocytes/macrophages to pain pathogenesis. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society 15 34370345
2020 Circulating extracellular vesicle-associated CD163 and CD206 in multiple myeloma. European journal of haematology 15 31855290
2019 The significance of CD163-expressing macrophages in asthma. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 15 31152786

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