Affinage

HP

Haptoglobin · UniProt P00738

Length
406 aa
Mass
45.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 6 papers cited in narrative 6 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Haptoglobin (HP) is a plasma acute-phase glycoprotein whose structural diversity in human populations is governed by a polymorphic intragenic exon duplication that defines the Hp1 and Hp2 alleles (PMID:6330675, PMID:24005574). The Hp alpha2 allele is approximately twice the length of Hp alpha1 and arose by unequal crossover in a heterozygous individual, generating a coding region built from fused alpha1F and alpha1S domains (PMID:6330675); this duplication and its recurring exonic reversions alter haptoglobin protein structure and multimerization (PMID:26901066, PMID:24005574). Functionally, HP scavenges free hemoglobin for clearance through the macrophage scavenger receptor CD163: in diabetic individuals carrying the Hp 2-2 genotype, CD163 expression is reduced on peripheral blood monocytes and in atherosclerotic plaques, impairing hemoglobin clearance after intraplaque hemorrhage (PMID:17525367). Genetic variation in HP expression has systemic metabolic consequences, with recurring HP exonic deletions and an expression-altering SNP associating with reduced LDL and total cholesterol (PMID:26901066). Beyond hepatic production, HP is synthesized locally in extrahepatic tissue such as the mammary gland, where its mRNA and secreted protein rise rapidly upon LPS challenge ahead of the blood response, indicating an in situ inflammatory function (PMID:15483161).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 6 steps
  1. 1984 Medium

    Established the evolutionary and molecular origin of the human HP polymorphism, explaining why the Hp alpha2 protein is structurally distinct from Hp alpha1.

    Evidence cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequence comparison of Hp alpha1S and Hp alpha2FS alleles

    PMID:6330675

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not establish functional consequences of the duplication for hemoglobin binding or clearance
    • Single study without independent confirmation of the crossover mechanism
    • No structural model of the resulting multimers
  2. 2004 Medium

    Showed HP is not exclusively hepatic but is synthesized locally in mammary tissue and induced by inflammation, reframing HP as a local acute-phase effector.

    Evidence RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR of bovine mammary biopsies with ELISA of milk and blood Hp after intracisternal LPS challenge

    PMID:15483161

    Open questions at the time
    • Demonstrated in bovine tissue; human extrahepatic expression not directly tested here
    • Does not identify the signaling pathway driving local induction
    • Functional role of locally produced Hp in milk not established
  3. 2007 Medium

    Linked the Hp 2-2 genotype to impaired hemoglobin clearance via reduced CD163, providing a mechanistic basis for genotype-dependent vascular risk in diabetes.

    Evidence IHC of atherosclerotic plaques, FACS of monocytes, and ELISA of soluble CD163 stratified by Hp genotype and diabetes status

    PMID:17525367

    Open questions at the time
    • Correlative human-sample data without in vitro reconstitution of the Hp-CD163 clearance defect
    • Mechanism connecting Hp genotype to CD163 downregulation not resolved
    • Single lab
  4. 2007 Low

    Identified a promoter SNP (A-61C) lowering HP expression in tight haplotype linkage with Hp2, offering a candidate explanation for inconsistent Hp-malaria associations.

    Evidence Cohort genotyping and haplotype analysis with reference to prior in vitro promoter activity data

    PMID:17426810

    Open questions at the time
    • In vitro promoter effect was referenced rather than performed in this study
    • Primary data are genetic association, not functional
    • Causal contribution to disease phenotype not directly demonstrated
  5. 2013 Medium

    Mapped the copy-number architecture of HP and its paralog HPR across populations, defining the structural variant landscape underlying Hp protein diversity.

    Evidence Fiber-FISH, paralog ratio test, array-CGH, and extended haplotype homozygosity across 52 populations

    PMID:24005574

    Open questions at the time
    • No evidence of recent selection found, leaving the polymorphism's maintenance unexplained
    • Functional consequences of HPR copy number not characterized
    • Single study
  6. 2016 Medium

    Connected HP structural variation to systemic lipid metabolism, showing exonic deletions and an expression SNP associate with lower cholesterol.

    Evidence Copy number variant analysis with SNP imputation and association testing in 22,288 individuals

    PMID:26901066

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking HP structure/expression to cholesterol not established in vitro
    • Causal direction inferred from imputed genetics rather than perturbation
    • Multimerization effect on lipid handling not directly measured

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The biochemical mechanism by which Hp genotype and expression level alter hemoglobin clearance, cholesterol levels, and inflammatory responses remains uncharacterized at the level of direct reconstitution.
  • No reconstituted Hp-hemoglobin-CD163 clearance assay in the timeline
  • No structural basis for multimer-dependent function
  • Causal pathway from HP variation to lipid metabolism unresolved

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 1
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 1
Partners
CD163

Evidence

Reading pass · 6 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1984 The human Hp alpha2 allele is approximately twice the length of Hp alpha1 alleles and arose from a partial gene duplication, likely by unequal crossover in a heterozygous Hp alpha1F/Hp alpha1S individual. cDNA sequencing showed the Hp alpha2FS coding region is composed of alpha1F and alpha1S domains differing by four nucleotide replacements, establishing the evolutionary origin of the HP polymorphism. cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequence comparison of Hp alpha1S and Hp alpha2FS Nucleic acids research Medium 6330675
2016 Recurring exon deletions in the HP gene (reversions of an ancient hominin-specific duplication of two exons) affect haptoglobin protein structure and multimerization. By imputation from SNP haplotypes in 22,288 individuals, these HP exonic deletions associate with reduced LDL and total cholesterol levels, and a SNP affecting HP expression also drives this cholesterol association. Copy number variant analysis, SNP imputation from haplotypes, population genetic analysis, association study (n=22,288) Nature genetics Medium 26901066
2007 In individuals with diabetes mellitus and the Hp 2-2 genotype, expression of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 is significantly reduced on peripheral blood monocytes and in atherosclerotic plaques despite increased macrophage infiltration, resulting in impaired hemoglobin clearance capacity after intraplaque hemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry of plaques, FACS of peripheral blood monocytes, ELISA of soluble CD163 in plasma; comparison across Hp genotype and diabetes status Circulation research Medium 17525367
2007 A promoter SNP (A-61C) in the HP gene is associated with decreased HP protein levels (confirmed by in vitro studies referenced in the paper), and the -61C allele is in high haplotype association with the Hp2 allele, potentially explaining conflicting reports on Hp genotype and malaria susceptibility. Cohort genotyping, haplotype analysis, reference to in vitro promoter activity studies confirming reduced expression with -61C allele PloS one Low 17426810
2013 The HP gene harbors a polymorphic small intragenic duplication defining Hp1 and Hp2 alleles in human populations, with no evidence for recent natural selection by extended haplotype analysis. The paralogous HPR gene is also copy number variable (whole-gene duplication at polymorphic frequencies in west/central Africa), with the HPR duplication occurring on a single SNP haplotype. Fiber-FISH, paralog ratio test, array-CGH, extended haplotype homozygosity analysis across 52 populations Human genetics Medium 24005574
2004 Haptoglobin mRNA is expressed locally within bovine mammary gland parenchymal tissue, tissue around cisternal milk ducts, and teat tissue, as demonstrated by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time RT-PCR of mammary biopsies. Local HP mRNA expression increased in the LPS-challenged quarter relative to controls, with milk Hp concentration rising 3 h after LPS challenge, earlier than blood Hp increase (9 h), supporting local mammary synthesis. RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR of mammary biopsies; ELISA quantification of Hp in blood and milk after intracisternal LPS challenge Journal of dairy science Medium 15483161

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1992 The heterochromatin-associated protein HP-1 is an essential protein in Drosophila with dosage-dependent effects on position-effect variegation. Genetics 274 1644277
2000 The neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) of Helicobacter pylori is a protective antigen and a major virulence factor. The Journal of experimental medicine 239 10790422
2009 An attenuated live vaccine based on highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) protects piglets against HP-PRRS. Veterinary microbiology 126 19339125
2007 Downregulation of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor in individuals with diabetes and the Hp 2-2 genotype: implications for the response to intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque vulnerability. Circulation research 122 17525367
2004 Haptoglobin concentrations in blood and milk after endotoxin challenge and quantification of mammary Hp mRNA expression. Journal of dairy science 113 15483161
2013 An EAV-HP insertion in 5' Flanking region of SLCO1B3 causes blue eggshell in the chicken. PLoS genetics 104 23359636
2007 Amphipathic alpha-helical peptide, HP (2-20), and its analogues derived from Helicobacter pylori: pore formation mechanism in various lipid compositions. Biochimica et biophysica acta 98 17961502
2016 Recurring exon deletions in the HP (haptoglobin) gene contribute to lower blood cholesterol levels. Nature genetics 85 26901066
2007 The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori (HP-NAP) as an immune modulating agent. FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 84 17521355
1995 The NKB1 and HP-3E4 NK cells receptors are structurally distinct glycoproteins and independently recognize polymorphic HLA-B and HLA-C molecules. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 84 7897214
2006 Circannual control of hibernation by HP complex in the brain. Cell 82 16615897
2003 Molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori. Microbes and infection 80 12814772
2015 Developmental validation of the Quantifiler(®) HP and Trio Kits for human DNA quantification in forensic samples. Forensic science international. Genetics 72 26774100
2002 The neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) of Helicobacter pylori is a potent stimulant of mast cells. European journal of immunology 68 11857341
2007 The neutrophil-activating Dps protein of Helicobacter pylori, HP-NAP, adopts a mechanism different from Escherichia coli Dps to bind and condense DNA. Nucleic acids research 63 17371778
2017 Secondary Haemophilus parasuis infection enhances highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) infection-mediated inflammatory responses. Veterinary microbiology 62 28532803
2011 Analysis of acute-phase proteins, AHSG, C3, CLI, HP and SAA, reveals distinctive expression patterns associated with breast, colorectal and lung cancer. International journal of cancer 62 21953030
2009 Helicobacter pylori Hp(2-20) promotes migration and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells by interacting with formyl peptide receptors in vitro and accelerates gastric mucosal healing in vivo. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 60 19692643
1995 Inheritance of unequal numbers of the genes encoding the human neutrophil defensins HP-1 and HP-3. The Journal of biological chemistry 59 8530462
1995 In-vitro biopotency and glycoform distribution of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (Org 32489), Metrodin and Metrodin-HP. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 58 8583012
1995 Cellular distribution of iron, transferrin, and ferritin in the hypotransferrinemic (Hp) mouse brain. The Journal of comparative neurology 57 7636015
2013 Targeted identification of glycosylated proteins in the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 53 23754784
2013 Endogenous retrovirus EAV-HP linked to blue egg phenotype in Mapuche fowl. PloS one 50 23990950
2006 Abnormal changes of plasma acute phase proteins in schizophrenia and the relation between schizophrenia and haptoglobin (Hp) gene. Amino acids 48 16897611
2009 The immune modulating activity of the Helicobacter pylori HP-NAP: Friend or foe? Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology 46 19818802
1999 The human prolactin receptor gene structure and alternative promoter utilization: the generic promoter hPIII and a novel human promoter hP(N). The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 45 10084611
1995 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) found in oral mucosal ulcers. Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology 44 7722916
2014 Up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors by HP-PRRSV infection in microglia: implications for HP-PRRSV neuropathogenesis. Veterinary microbiology 43 24581811
2003 The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori (HP-NAP) activates the MAPK pathway in human neutrophils. European journal of immunology 42 12672049
2007 Haplotype association between haptoglobin (Hp2) and Hp promoter SNP (A-61C) may explain previous controversy of haptoglobin and malaria protection. PloS one 39 17426810
2009 Mortality in HIV infection is independently predicted by host iron status and SLC11A1 and HP genotypes, with new evidence of a gene-nutrient interaction. The American journal of clinical nutrition 36 19474129
2013 Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) shRNA sensitizes Huaier polysaccharide (HP)-induced anti-metastatic potency via inactivating downstream P13K/Akt pathway as well as augmenting cell-mediated immune response. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 35 24375254
2011 Widespread expression of SAA and Hp RNA in bovine tissues after evaluation of suitable reference genes. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 34 22230385
2023 Phase 2 trial of a DNA vaccine (pTVG-HP) and nivolumab in patients with castration-sensitive non-metastatic (M0) prostate cancer. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 33 38101860
2021 HP-β-CD for the formulation of IgG and Ig-based biotherapeutics. International journal of pharmaceutics 33 33775727
2016 Pathological and immunological characteristics of piglets infected experimentally with a HP-PRRSV TJ strain. BMC veterinary research 33 27733150
2015 Difference in microRNA expression and editing profile of lung tissues from different pig breeds related to immune responses to HP-PRRSV. Scientific reports 33 25856272
2015 HP-PRRSV is attenuated by de-optimization of codon pair bias in its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase nsp9 gene. Virology 33 26247624
2001 Neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) versus ferritin (Pfr): comparison of synthesis in Helicobacter pylori. FEMS microbiology letters 33 11356582
2016 HP-β-cyclodextrin as an inhibitor of amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 32 27405335
2013 Haptoglobin (HP) and Haptoglobin-related protein (HPR) copy number variation, natural selection, and trypanosomiasis. Human genetics 32 24005574
1997 Heparin/heparan sulfate (HP/HS) interacting protein (HIP) supports cell attachment and selective, high affinity binding of HP/HS. The Journal of biological chemistry 31 9325317
1992 Haptoglobin subtypes in Norway and a review of HP subtypes in various populations. Human heredity 31 1572675
1992 The levels and biologic action of the human neutrophil granule peptide HP-1 in lung tumors. Peptides 31 1620650
2003 Association of cyclooxygenase-2 expression with Hp-cagA infection in gastric cancer. World journal of gastroenterology 30 12532440
1993 The gene encoding the human corticostatin HP-4 precursor contains a recent 86-base duplication and is located on chromosome 8. Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 30 8469233
2013 Theoretical study on the polar hydrogen-π (Hp-π) interactions between protein side chains. Chemistry Central journal 29 23705926
2019 HP-CagA+ Regulates the Expression of CDK4/CyclinD1 via reg3 to Change Cell Cycle and Promote Cell Proliferation. International journal of molecular sciences 28 31905669
1998 A peptide sequence of heparin/heparan sulfate (HP/HS)-interacting protein supports selective, high affinity binding of HP/HS and cell attachment. The Journal of biological chemistry 28 9545307
2021 The parasite cytokine mimic Hp-TGM potently replicates the regulatory effects of TGF-β on murine CD4+ T cells. Immunology and cell biology 27 33988885
2019 HP-1 inhibits the progression of ccRCC and enhances sunitinib therapeutic effects by suppressing EMT. Carbohydrate polymers 26 31427001
2016 Hp: an inflammatory indicator in cardiovascular disease. Future cardiology 26 27203711
2015 Helicobacter pylori CheZ(HP) and ChePep form a novel chemotaxis-regulatory complex distinct from the core chemotaxis signaling proteins and the flagellar motor. Molecular microbiology 26 26061894
2023 Co-encapsulation of curcumin and quercetin with zein/HP-β-CD conjugates to enhance environmental resistance and antioxidant activity. NPJ science of food 25 37316567
2019 Characterization of a polysaccharide HP-02 from Honeysuckle flowers and its immunoregulatory and anti-Aeromonas hydrophila effects in Cyprinus carpio L. International journal of biological macromolecules 25 31398403
2018 Analysis of correlation between HP infection and activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in mucosal tissues of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. Oncology letters 25 30344716
2020 Choline Chloride as a Nano-Crowder Protects HP-36 from Urea-Induced Denaturation: Insights from Solvent Dynamics and Protein-Solvent Interactions. Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry 24 31971306
2019 Ginsenoside Rg1 Suppresses Type 2 PRRSV Infection via NF-κB Signaling Pathway In Vitro, and Provides Partial Protection against HP-PRRSV in Piglet. Viruses 23 31717616
1974 Beta-D-phosphogalactoside galactohydrolase from Streptococcus cremoris HP: purification and enzyme properties. Journal of bacteriology 23 4204438
2023 Long-term administration of intravenous Trappsol® Cyclo™ (HP-β-CD) results in clinical benefits and stabilization or slowing of disease progression in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1: Results of an international 48-week Phase I/II trial. Molecular genetics and metabolism reports 22 37670901
2022 HP-NAP of Helicobacter pylori: The Power of the Immunomodulation. Frontiers in immunology 22 35844568
2022 Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-BCD) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and virus-induced inflammatory cytokines. Antiviral research 21 35798224
2021 Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) induces IL-6 production through TAK-1/JNK/AP-1 and TAK-1/NF-κB signaling pathways. Veterinary microbiology 21 33836390
2020 Serum exosomes derived from Hp-positive gastritis patients inhibit MCP-1 and MIP-1α expression via NLRP12-Notch signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and improve DSS-induced colitis in mice. International immunopharmacology 21 33182033
2012 Evaluation of a DNA vaccine candidate co-expressing GP3 and GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) with interferon α/γ in immediate and long-lasting protection against HP-PRRSV challenge. Virus genes 21 22843314
1997 Local rules for protein folding on a triangular lattice and generalized hydrophobicity in the HP model. Journal of computational biology : a journal of computational molecular cell biology 21 9278060
1996 RFLP mapping of the dwarfing (Ddw1) and hairy peduncle (Hp) genes on chromosome 5 of rye (Secale cereale L.). TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik 21 24166638
2021 Formulation of Genistein-HP β Cyclodextrin-Poloxamer 188 Ternary Inclusion Complex: Solubility to Cytotoxicity Assessment. Pharmaceutics 20 34959278
2019 FLT PET/CT imaging of metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with pTVG-HP DNA vaccine and pembrolizumab. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 20 30700328
2014 Development and validation of sensitive LC-MS/MS assays for quantification of HP-β-CD in human plasma and CSF. Journal of lipid research 20 24868096
2022 Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β. Immunology 19 35758054
2020 Notch signaling contributes to the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) infection in porcine alveolar macrophages. Developmental and comparative immunology 19 32222356
2010 Haptoglobin (HP) polymorphisms and human longevity: a cross-sectional association study in a Central Italy population. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 19 21147083
1991 The effect of HP-1 and related neutrophil granule peptides on DNA synthesis in HL60 cells. Regulatory peptides 19 1758971
2020 Inclusion complexes of tea polyphenols with HP-β-cyclodextrin:Preparation, characterization, molecular docking, and antioxidant activity. Journal of food science 18 32175596
2018 Peptide Hp(2-20) accelerates healing of TNBS-induced colitis in the rat. United European gastroenterology journal 18 30386616
2015 Distribution of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) in different stages of gestation sows: HP-PRRSV distribution in gestation sows. Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 18 26143005
2020 Oral supplementation of quercetin in PRRSV-1 modified-live virus vaccinated pigs in response to HP-PRRSV-2 challenge. Vaccine 17 32184034
2019 Preparation and Characterisation of Polyphenol-HP-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex that Protects Lamb Tripe Protein against Oxidation. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 17 31817887
2014 Expression of recombinant and mosaic Cry1Ac receptors from Helicoverpa armigera and their influences on the cytotoxicity of activated Cry1Ac to Spodoptera litura Sl-HP cells. Cytotechnology 17 25412589
2007 VacA and HP-NAP, Ying and Yang of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric inflammation. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 17 17368441
2023 Recombination and Mutation in a New HP-PRRSV Strain (SD2020) from China. Viruses 16 36680205
2020 Silibinin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (SLB-HP-β-CD) complex prevents apoptosis in liver and kidney after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 16 32891719
1991 HP 0.35, a cephalosporin degradation product is a specific inhibitor of lentiviral RNAses H. Nucleic acids research 16 1714562
2024 Interaction of zein/HP-β-CD nanoparticles with digestive enzymes: Enhancing curcumin bioavailability. Food chemistry 15 39126939
2020 Aspartic acid at residue 185 modulates the capacity of HP-PRRSV nsp4 to antagonize IFN-I expression. Virology 15 32452419
2000 Human phenol sulfotransferases hP-PST and hM-PST activate propane 2-nitronate to a genotoxicant. Carcinogenesis 15 10657971
2024 hP-MSCs attenuate severe acute pancreatitis in mice via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated acinar cell pyroptosis. Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 14 38625481
2009 Identification of a secreted fatty acid and retinol-binding protein (Hp-FAR-1) from Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Journal of nematology 14 22736819
2001 Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the cell envelope proteinase plasmid in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris HP. Journal of applied microbiology 14 11473599
1984 Evolution of haptoglobin: comparison of complementary DNA encoding Hp alpha 1S and Hp alpha 2FS. Nucleic acids research 14 6330675
2022 Macrophage-Mediated Melanoma Reduction after HP-NAP Treatment in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model. International journal of molecular sciences 13 35163566
2018 Endometrial expression of the acute phase molecule SAA is more significant than HP in reflecting the severity of endometritis. Research in veterinary science 13 30408641
2025 Metabolic engineering of Komagataella phaffii for enhanced 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) production from methanol. Journal of biological engineering 12 39979934
2023 Molecular imaging of HER2 expression in breast cancer patients using a novel peptide-based tracer 99mTc-HP-Ark2: a pilot study. Journal of translational medicine 12 36631812
2020 Hp-s1 Ganglioside Suppresses Proinflammatory Responses by Inhibiting MyD88-Dependent NF-κB and JNK/p38 MAPK Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglial Cells. Marine drugs 12 33003399
2019 Significance and Transformation of 3-Alkyl-2-Methoxypyrazines Through Grapes to Wine: Olfactory Properties, Metabolism, Biochemical Regulation, and the HP-MP Cycle. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 12 31888183
2018 Study of Correlation Between Hp α1 Expression of Haptoglobin 2-1 and Clinical Course in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. World neurosurgery 12 29902601
2018 Ganglioside Hp-s1 Analogue Inhibits Amyloidogenic Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Model Cells. ACS chemical neuroscience 12 30346715
2008 Regulation of cell invasion and signalling pathways in the pituitary adenoma cell line, HP-75, by reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK). Journal of neuro-oncology 12 18493720

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