Affinage

APOBEC1

C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-1 · UniProt P41238

Length
236 aa
Mass
28.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 42 papers cited in narrative 43 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 9/9 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

APOBEC1 is the catalytic zinc-dependent cytidine deaminase that performs site-specific C-to-U editing of apoB mRNA at the canonical site, and its targeted disruption in mice abolishes all apoB mRNA editing and eliminates serum apoB48, establishing it as the essential and non-redundant catalytic component of the editing apparatus (PMID:7782343, PMID:8621694, PMID:8824235). Its activity depends on zinc-coordinating residues (His61, Cys93, Cys96) and catalytic Glu63, while a leucine-rich C-terminal region and basic N-terminal clusters are additionally required for RNA editing; the enzyme functions as a homodimer, and dimerization-competent inactive mutants act as dominant negatives (PMID:7782343, PMID:10191286, PMID:8999814). The crystal structure of APOBEC1 shows a deaminase core plus a unique hydrophobic C-terminal domain (A1HD) that mediates stable dimerization and directs RNA substrate and cofactor interactions (PMID:33094286). APOBEC1 alone cannot specifically bind the apoB stem-loop, in which the target cytidine C6666 is sequestered; an RNA-binding cofactor recognizes the mooring sequence and melts the stem-loop to present the substrate (PMID:15659357). Two cofactors fulfill this role: A1CF (ACF) was identified biochemically as the minimal complementing factor in vitro (PMID:10669759), but genetic studies showed RBM47 is necessary and sufficient for editing and that A1CF is dispensable in vivo, with the two acting tissue-specifically and redundantly such that combined loss eliminates editing (PMID:24916387, PMID:28069890, PMID:30309881). Beyond mRNA editing, APOBEC1 binds AU-rich 3'UTR sequences with consensus UUUN[A/U]U to stabilize target mRNAs including c-myc, COX-2, and Cyp7a1, linking it to intestinal stem cell survival, adenoma formation, and bile acid/gallstone physiology (PMID:10688645, PMID:15480992, PMID:17875695, PMID:19386592). Transcriptome-wide sequencing established dozens of physiological 3'UTR editing targets in intestine and liver (PMID:21258325, PMID:24946870). APOBEC1 also deaminates cytosines in single-stranded DNA, acting as a vertebrate DNA mutator whose off-target activity is restrained by RPA competition, and it restricts LINE-1 and LTR retrotransposons through both deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms (PMID:12697753, PMID:25085003, PMID:33330905, PMID:21398638). Microglial APOBEC1-mediated RNA editing is required to maintain CNS homeostasis, with its loss causing progressive neurodegeneration (PMID:29167375).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 20 steps
  1. 1995 High

    Defined which residues and domains of APOBEC1 underlie catalysis versus RNA recognition, separating the deaminase chemistry from editing-specific requirements.

    Evidence Site-directed mutagenesis of GST-APOBEC1 with in vitro deaminase, editing, and UV cross-linking RNA-binding assays in McA7777 cells

    PMID:7782342 PMID:7782343

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish whether APOBEC1 acts alone or requires cofactors for editing
    • Structural basis of domain functions not resolved
  2. 1996 High

    Established APOBEC1 as the essential, non-redundant catalytic component of apoB mRNA editing in vivo.

    Evidence Targeted apobec-1 knockout mice with apoB mRNA editing analysis and serum apoB48 Western blot

    PMID:8621694 PMID:8824235

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the auxiliary factors required for editing
    • Overexpression caused promiscuous hyperediting, implying tight regulation not yet explained
  3. 1996 High

    Demonstrated that APOBEC1 alone is insufficient and requires a directly-interacting auxiliary complementing protein for editing.

    Evidence APOBEC1 affinity chromatography, depletion/reconstitution of in vitro editing, glycerol gradient sedimentation

    PMID:8910449

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the 65 kDa complementing protein not yet determined
    • Stoichiometry of the holoenzyme unknown
  4. 1999 High

    Mapped the structural determinants of APOBEC1 homodimerization to the C-terminal region and identified basic clusters required for editing.

    Evidence Systematic targeted mutagenesis with in vitro editing and immunoprecipitation dimerization assays

    PMID:10191286

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic structure of the dimer interface not resolved at this stage
  5. 2000 High

    Identified and purified ACF as the RNA-binding subunit, defining the minimal two-protein editing holoenzyme.

    Evidence Protein purification, peptide sequencing, cloning, UV cross-linking, co-IP, immunodepletion and in vitro reconstitution

    PMID:10669759 PMID:9671452

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not test whether ACF is the sole physiological cofactor in vivo
    • Mechanism of mooring-sequence recognition not structurally defined
  6. 2000 High

    Revealed a deaminase-independent role: APOBEC1 binds AU-rich 3'UTR consensus sequences to stabilize target mRNAs such as c-myc.

    Evidence Filter binding with Kd measurements, circular permutation, mRNA half-life assay with mutant controls

    PMID:10688645

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological significance of mRNA stabilization not yet shown in vivo at this point
  7. 2001 Medium

    Characterized additional editosome-associated RNA-binding proteins and their regulatory roles in editing.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, immunodepletion, antisense knockdown, in vitro editing reconstitution for GRY-RBP, CUGBP2, ABBP-1, ABBP-2, and the dominant-negative paralog ARCD-1

    PMID:11134005 PMID:11577082 PMID:11584023 PMID:11698249 PMID:8999813

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo requirement of these accessory factors not established by knockout
    • Most identified by single-lab two-hybrid plus in vitro assays
  8. 2001 Medium

    Showed that ACF mediates nuclear import of cytoplasmic APOBEC1, coupling cofactor binding to subcellular localization.

    Evidence Co-transfection immunofluorescence with ACF NLS mutants and domain mapping

    PMID:11571303

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab cell-based localization
    • Did not define import machinery used
  9. 2005 High

    Provided the structural rationale for the cofactor requirement by showing the target cytidine is sequestered in the apoB stem-loop and exposed only via ACF-mediated melting.

    Evidence NMR structure of the 31-nt apoB stem-loop and RNA binding assays with APOBEC1 and ACF

    PMID:15659357

    Open questions at the time
    • No co-structure of the assembled holoenzyme on RNA
    • Apoenzyme retains residual activity, complicating a strict obligate-cofactor model
  10. 2006 High

    Linked cofactor phosphorylation to editosome assembly, establishing a signaling-responsive regulatory layer.

    Evidence Co-IP, alkaline phosphatase treatment, glycerol gradient sedimentation, PKC phosphorylation and S154/S368 phosphomimetic mutagenesis in hepatocytes

    PMID:16820530 PMID:17229474

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether APOBEC1 itself is phosphorylated not addressed
    • Physiological signals beyond ethanol/PKC not delineated
  11. 2004 High

    Extended the AU-rich-binding/mRNA-stabilization function to physiology, connecting APOBEC1 to COX-2 stabilization and intestinal stem cell survival.

    Evidence EMSA, UV cross-linking, luciferase-3'UTR reporter half-life, and apobec-1 knockout irradiation mouse model

    PMID:15480992

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not distinguish stabilization from editing for the same targets in vivo
  12. 2007 High

    Established a tumor-promoting role through stabilization of AU-rich oncogenic mRNAs in the intestine.

    Evidence Compound Apc(min/+) apobec-1(-/-) genetic epistasis, adenoma counting, mRNA quantification, adenoviral rescue in cancer cells

    PMID:17875695

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of editing vs. stabilization to tumorigenesis not separated
  13. 2009 High

    Demonstrated post-transcriptional control of bile acid metabolism via APOBEC1 binding and stabilization of Cyp7a1 mRNA.

    Evidence UV cross-linking, in vivo RNA co-IP, transcription run-on, adenoviral rescue and lithogenic diet in knockout mice

    PMID:19386592

    Open questions at the time
    • Cofactor dependence of Cyp7a1 binding not defined
  14. 2011 High

    Defined a genome-wide repertoire of APOBEC1 C-to-U editing targets concentrated in AU-rich 3'UTRs.

    Evidence Transcriptome-wide comparative RNA-Seq with Sanger validation; cell-based and in vivo follow-up

    PMID:21258325 PMID:24946870

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequences for most edited transcripts not characterized
    • Cofactor used per target not assigned
  15. 2014 High

    Identified RBM47 as a cofactor that is necessary and sufficient for editing in vivo, reframing the ACF-centric model.

    Evidence Co-IP with APOBEC1 and A1CF, in vitro reconstitution, and Rbm47 knockout mice

    PMID:24916387

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specific division of labor between cofactors not yet resolved
  16. 2014 Medium

    Characterized APOBEC1 as a vertebrate ssDNA DNA mutator capable of inducing drug-resistance mutations.

    Evidence Reporter inactivation in DT40 cells and imatinib-resistance/BCR-ABL1 mutation assay in CML cells; in vitro ssDNA deamination

    PMID:12453430 PMID:12697753 PMID:25085003

    Open questions at the time
    • Genomic mutagenesis significance in normal tissues unclear
    • Cell-based assays from single labs
  17. 2017 Medium

    Showed A1CF is dispensable for physiological editing in vivo and revealed an APOBEC1 RNA-editing requirement in microglia for CNS homeostasis.

    Evidence A1cf conditional knockout editing analysis; microglia-specific APOBEC1 editing loss with neuropathological and behavioral phenotyping

    PMID:28069890 PMID:29167375 PMID:30309881

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific microglial editing targets driving neurodegeneration not identified
    • Mechanism linking editing to resting-state maintenance unresolved
  18. 2018 High

    Resolved cofactor redundancy by showing A1CF and RBM47 act tissue-specifically with combined loss eliminating editing.

    Evidence Tissue-specific single and double conditional A1cf/Rbm47 knockouts with adenoviral rescue and RNA-Seq editing analysis

    PMID:30309881

    Open questions at the time
    • Determinants of which cofactor selects which target only partly defined
  19. 2020 High

    Provided the APOBEC1 crystal structure, defining the A1HD dimerization domain that directs RNA and cofactor interactions.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of APOBEC1 with structure-guided mutagenesis and substrate selectivity assays

    PMID:33094286

    Open questions at the time
    • No structure of APOBEC1 bound to cofactor or RNA substrate
  20. 2021 Medium

    Showed RPA competition for ssDNA limits APOBEC1 off-target genomic deamination, defining a cellular defense against its mutator activity.

    Evidence In vitro ssDNA deamination with RPA competition and γH2AX foci in lung cancer cells

    PMID:33330905

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo relevance of RPA protection not established
    • Single-lab study

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how cofactor identity (A1CF vs RBM47) and tissue context determine target selection, and which specific edited transcripts mediate the microglial/CNS homeostasis function.
  • No holoenzyme-on-RNA structure
  • Target-specificity rules of each cofactor undefined
  • Causal microglial editing targets unidentified

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 5 GO:0003723 RNA binding 4 GO:0140097 catalytic activity, acting on DNA 4 GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 3 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 4 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 2 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 2
Partners
A1CFCUGBP2GRY-RBPHNRNPQRBM47
Complex memberships
apoB mRNA editing holoenzyme (editosome)

Evidence

Reading pass · 43 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1995 APOBEC1 (apobec-1) has distinct functional domains: zinc-coordinating residues (His61, Cys93, Cys96) and catalytic Glu63 are required for both cytidine deaminase activity and apoB RNA editing; the leucine-rich region (LRR) is required for RNA editing but not cytidine deaminase activity; His61 is required for RNA binding. Dominant negative mutants (Glu63→Gln, His61→Arg) reduce endogenous editing when overexpressed. Site-directed mutagenesis of GST-fusion APOBEC1, in vitro cytidine deaminase assay, apoB RNA editing assay, UV cross-linking RNA binding assay, transfection into McA 7777 cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 7782343
1995 Recombinant APOBEC1 binds apoB RNA with high specificity via UV cross-linking and EMSA; binding is competed by poly(U) and poly(A,U) but not poly(A); RNA binding specificity for editing is distinct from mooring-sequence dependence. UV cross-linking, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), RNA competition assays with recombinant GST/APOBEC-1 The Journal of biological chemistry High 7782342
1996 Targeted disruption of mouse apobec-1 gene abolishes all apoB mRNA editing and eliminates apoB48 in serum, demonstrating that Apobec-1 is the essential catalytic component with no functional gene duplication. Gene targeting/knockout mice, RNA analysis of apoB mRNA editing, serum apoB48 Western blot The Journal of biological chemistry High 8621694 8824235
1996 APOBEC-1 overexpression in stable hepatoma cell lines causes promiscuous editing of cytidines 5' of the mooring sequence in addition to the canonical site, and this hyperediting is mooring-sequence dependent and proportional to APOBEC-1 levels. Stable cell lines overexpressing APOBEC-1, apoB RNA editing assay, sequencing of editing products The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 8621694
1996 APOBEC-1 requires auxiliary proteins (complementing activity) for apoB mRNA editing in vitro; recombinant APOBEC-1 immobilized on beads can deplete complementing activity from extracts and reconstitute editing, and the complementing protein (65 kDa) interacts directly with APOBEC-1 independently of apoB mRNA. The C-terminal 59 amino acids of APOBEC-1 are not required for this interaction. APOBEC-1 affinity chromatography, reconstitution in vitro editing assay, size exclusion chromatography, glycerol gradient sedimentation The Journal of biological chemistry High 8910449
1997 ABBP-1, a novel RNA-binding protein identified by yeast two-hybrid using apobec-1 as bait, binds apobec-1 via its glycine-rich C-terminal domain, binds apoB mRNA around the editing site, and is required for apoB mRNA editing (immunodepletion abolishes editing; antisense knockdown reduces editing). Yeast two-hybrid, deletion mapping, UV cross-linking to apoB mRNA, immunodepletion from active extracts, antisense knockdown in HepG2 cells The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 8999813
1997 A dominant negative APOBEC-1 mutant (mu1: H61K/C93S/C96S) retains dimerization capacity with wild-type APOBEC-1 and inhibits its editing activity; two other inactive mutants with poor dimerization fail to inhibit, demonstrating that active APOBEC-1 functions as a homodimer and dimerization is required for dominant negative inhibition. In vitro editing assay, immunoprecipitation dimerization assay, adenoviral in vivo delivery to mouse liver The Journal of biological chemistry High 8999814
1998 The 65-kDa complementing activity (later identified as ACF) binds specifically to the mooring sequence of apoB mRNA (not antisense or mooring-sequence mutants) in the absence of apobec-1, and also interacts with apobec-1, supporting a model where it is the RNA-binding subunit of the holoenzyme. RNA affinity chromatography, UV cross-linking, far-Western analysis Molecular and cellular biology High 9671452
2000 APOBEC1 complementation factor (ACF), a 64.3-kDa protein with three RNA recognition motifs, is identified and purified; ACF and apobec-1 constitute the minimal protein requirements for apoB mRNA editing in vitro. ACF binds apoB mRNA via the mooring sequence (UV cross-linking, immunoprecipitation), and ACF-apobec-1 complex forms in transfected cells. Immunodepletion of ACF from liver extracts abolishes editing. Protein purification, peptide sequencing, molecular cloning, UV cross-linking, immunoprecipitation, co-immunoprecipitation, immunodepletion, in vitro editing reconstitution Molecular and cellular biology High 10669759
2000 APOBEC1 binds AU-rich sequences with consensus UUUN[A/U]U (Kd ~50 nM for high-affinity sites, ~435 nM for apoB RNA); binding of APOBEC1 to this consensus in c-myc 3'UTR stabilizes c-myc mRNA (half-life increased from 90 to 240 min), an effect abolished by RNA-binding–deficient APOBEC1 mutants. Filter binding assays, circular permutation analysis, RNA secondary structure prediction, mRNA half-life assay with actinomycin D, transfection of APOBEC1 expression mutants Molecular and cellular biology High 10688645
2000 GRY-RBP, an RNA-binding protein with ~50% homology to ACF, is a component of the apoB mRNA editosome; it binds both ACF and apobec-1, binds apoB RNA, and inhibits C-to-U editing by sequestering ACF (competitive inhibition rescued by excess ACF). Antisense knockdown of GRY-RBP in hepatoma cells increases apoB RNA editing. Yeast two-hybrid, two-hybrid screen, peptide sequencing of active fraction, recombinant protein binding assays, immunodepletion, antisense knockdown, co-localization in transfected cells The Journal of biological chemistry High 11134005
2001 CUGBP2 is a component of the apoB mRNA editing holoenzyme; it co-fractionates with ACF, immunodepletion of CUGBP2 co-precipitates ACF, CUGBP2 binds apoB RNA at an AU-rich sequence upstream of the edited cytidine, and addition of recombinant CUGBP2 dose-dependently inhibits C-to-U editing rescued by apobec-1 or ACF. Co-fractionation, immunodepletion, co-immunoprecipitation, UV cross-linking, in vitro editing reconstitution, antisense knockdown The Journal of biological chemistry High 11577082
2001 ARCD-1, an apobec-1 homologue, has cytidine deaminase and apoB RNA binding activity but cannot mediate C-to-U RNA editing; it interacts with and heterodimerizes with apobec-1 and ACF, acting as a dominant negative inhibitor of apoB mRNA editing. Recombinant protein activity assays, heterodimerization immunoprecipitation, in vitro and in vivo editing assays, subcellular localization American journal of physiology. Cell physiology Medium 11698249
2001 ABBP-2, a DnaJ/Hsp40 homologue identified by yeast two-hybrid, binds apobec-1 via its J domain and G/F domain; knockdown of ABBP-2 inhibits apoB mRNA editing; editing activity of tissue extracts requires Hsp70/ABBP-2 and is abolished by removal of endogenous ATP (which disrupts ABBP-2–Hsp70 interaction), implicating a chaperone function in editosome assembly. Yeast two-hybrid, domain deletion mapping, transfection GFP fusion, antisense knockdown in cells, in vitro editing assay with ATP depletion, Hsp70 co-IP The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11584023
2001 ACF domains required for RNA binding and apobec-1 interaction were mapped: the N-terminal RRMs (especially RRM1 and RRM2) together with the pre-RRM region are necessary for apoB mRNA binding and complementing activity; the auxiliary domain RG-rich region is required for RNA binding and apobec-1 interaction; the RRMs are also required for apobec-1 interaction. Deletion and point mutagenesis of ACF, in vitro binding assays (Kd measurements), in vitro editing complementation assay The Journal of biological chemistry High 11571303
2001 ACF is a nuclear protein that upon co-transfection with apobec-1 promotes nuclear co-localization of apobec-1 (which is otherwise predominantly cytoplasmic); protein–protein interaction between ACF and apobec-1 is required for nuclear import of apobec-1; ACF NLS mutants that cannot interact with apobec-1 leave apobec-1 in the cytoplasm. Transfection of ACF/APOBEC1 constructs, immunofluorescence co-localization, deletion/mutation of NLS The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 11571303
2002 ACF binds single-stranded but not double-stranded apoB mRNA with high affinity; all three RRMs contribute to RNA binding; point mutations in RRM1 or RRM2 decrease Kd for apoB mRNA by two orders of magnitude; the pre-RRM region is required for complementing activity and RNA binding but not for apobec-1 interaction. Deletion mutagenesis, point mutagenesis, binding assays with Kd measurements, in vitro editing complementation assay RNA High 11871661
2002 APOBEC1 and its homologs APOBEC3C and APOBEC3G exhibit DNA mutator activity in E. coli through cytosine deamination (dC→dU), with each protein showing distinct local target sequence specificity. E. coli rifampicin-resistance mutation assay, expression of APOBEC1 and homologs in bacteria Molecular cell Medium 12453430
2003 APOBEC1 deaminates cytosine to uracil in single-stranded DNA in vitro (using partially purified APOBEC1 from E. coli extracts); activity is specific for ssDNA (not dsDNA) and exhibits local sequence context dependence. In vitro biochemical deamination assay using partially purified recombinant APOBEC1, substrate specificity characterization The Journal of biological chemistry High 12697753
2003 ACF localizes to the nucleus via a novel 41-residue nuclear localization signal (ANS) in its auxiliary domain; ACF is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein (confirmed by heterokaryon assay); nuclear accumulation is CRM1-dependent for export and transportin-2–dependent for import; transportin 2 binds directly to the ANS motif. GFP/β-galactosidase chimera nuclear localization assay, actinomycin D treatment, leptomycin B CRM1 inhibition, heterokaryon assay, co-immunoprecipitation with transportin 2, confocal microscopy The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12896982
2004 Crystal structure of yeast CDD1, an APOBEC1 ortholog, at 2.0-Å resolution reveals the fold; comparative modeling of APOBEC1 indicates dimerization and trans-acting loops contributing to active site formation; a central active site 'flap' accommodates large substrates (RNA or ssDNA), explaining equal likelihood of APOBEC1 binding ssDNA or RNA. X-ray crystallography of CDD1, comparative structural modeling of APOBEC1 and AID Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 15148397
2004 Purified APOBEC1 apoenzyme has intrinsic residual editing activity on a minimal apoB mRNA substrate without auxiliary factors; ACF broadens the temperature range and lowers the optimal temperature for editing activity, consistent with ACF promoting a conformational transition in the RNA substrate. Expression and purification to homogeneity of APOBEC1, in vitro editing kinetics assay with and without ACF, factorial and response surface experimental design RNA High 15273326
2004 Apobec-1 binds to AU-rich sequences in the COX-2 mRNA 3'UTR (first 60 nt) via EMSA and UV cross-linking, stabilizing COX-2 mRNA; apobec-1-knockout mice show reduced COX-2 induction and intestinal stem cell survival after gamma-irradiation, an effect mediated through COX-2/prostaglandin E2. EMSA, UV cross-linking, mRNA half-life assay with chimeric luciferase-COX-2 3'UTR reporter, apobec-1 knockout mice with irradiation model, real-time PCR, Western blot Gastroenterology High 15480992
2005 NMR structure of the 31-nt apoB mRNA stem-loop shows the edited cytidine (C6666) is stacked in a loop and inaccessible to APOBEC1 alone; APOBEC1 does not specifically bind apoB mRNA by itself but requires ACF, which recognizes the flexible mooring sequence and melts the stem-loop to expose C6666 to APOBEC1. NMR structure determination of apoB mRNA stem-loop, RNA binding assays with APOBEC1 and ACF RNA High 15659357
2006 APOBEC1 and AID are nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking proteins, whereas APOBEC3G is strongly retained in the cytoplasm through mechanisms involving both N- and C-terminal regions. Subcellular fractionation, nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling assays in cells Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16999936
2006 ACF phosphorylation (on serine residues, predominantly by protein phosphatase I-sensitive kinase) regulates apoB mRNA editing: phosphorylated ACF is restricted to nuclei and co-sediments with editing-competent 27S complexes; alkaline phosphatase treatment reduces APOBEC-1 co-immunoprecipitation with ACF and inhibits editing; ethanol stimulates both ACF phosphorylation and editing. Co-immunoprecipitation, alkaline phosphatase treatment of nuclear extracts, glycerol gradient sedimentation, two-dimensional phosphoamino acid analysis, protein phosphatase inhibitor treatment in primary hepatocytes Nucleic acids research High 16820530
2006 ACF phosphorylation at S154 and S368 by PKC regulates apoB mRNA editing; PKC activation stimulates editing and ACF phosphorylation; S154A/S368A mutations inhibit ethanol-stimulated editing; S154D/S368D phosphomimetics stimulate editing to levels comparable to ethanol treatment. PKC/PKA pharmacological activation in primary hepatocytes, in vitro phosphorylation of purified ACF by PKC, site-directed mutagenesis (alanine/aspartate substitutions), in vitro editing assay Biochimica et biophysica acta High 17229474
2007 Deletion of apobec-1 in Apc(min/+) mice dramatically reduces intestinal adenoma formation, associated with increased apoptosis, reduced proliferation, reduced COX-2 mRNA (~2-fold vs. adenomas), and reduced expression of other AU-rich mRNA targets (EGFR, PPARδ, EP4, c-myc) containing the apobec-1 consensus binding site. Adenoviral apobec-1 in HCA-7 cells dose-dependently increases COX-2 protein and stabilizes COX-2 mRNA. Genetic epistasis (compound Apc(min/+) apobec-1(-/-) mice), intestinal adenoma counting, apoptosis and proliferation assays, mRNA quantification, adenoviral apobec-1 delivery in cancer cells Cancer research High 17875695
2009 APOBEC1 binds to AU-rich regions of the Cyp7a1 mRNA 3'UTR containing the UUUN(A/U)U consensus, as shown by UV cross-linking and in vivo RNA co-immunoprecipitation; Apobec-1-knockout mice show decreased Cyp7a1 mRNA and protein (without changes in transcription), increased gallstone susceptibility, and adenoviral Apobec-1 rescue restores Cyp7a1 expression. UV cross-linking to recombinant APOBEC1, in vivo RNA co-immunoprecipitation, Cyp7a1 transcription run-on, adenoviral rescue in knockout mice, lithogenic diet model The Journal of biological chemistry High 19386592
2011 APOBEC1 edits multiple mRNA targets (32 validated) located in AU-rich segments of transcript 3'UTRs, identified by transcriptome-wide comparative RNA-Seq of APOBEC1-expressing vs. non-expressing conditions; editing sites share characteristic sequence features. Transcriptome-wide comparative RNA-Seq (APOBEC1+ vs. control), Sanger sequence validation of editing sites Nature structural & molecular biology High 21258325
2011 APOBEC1 (A1) restricts LINE-1 and LTR retrotransposons (IAP, MusD) in cell-culture retrotransposition assays; anti-L1 activity is deamination-independent, whereas inhibition of LTR-retrotransposons requires deaminase activity; restriction is not affected by subcellular localization. Cell culture-based retrotransposition assays, deaminase-inactive mutant controls, subcellular localization experiments Nucleic acids research Medium 21398638
2014 RBM47 is a novel RNA-binding protein that interacts with APOBEC1 and A1CF; RBM47 can substitute for A1CF in APOBEC1-mediated C-to-U RNA editing in vitro and is necessary and sufficient for APOBEC1-mediated editing; Rbm47-deficient mice exhibit impaired RNA editing. Co-immunoprecipitation of RBM47 with APOBEC1 and A1CF, in vitro editing assay with RBM47, Rbm47 knockout mice EMBO reports High 24916387
2014 Genome-wide deep sequencing of intestinal and hepatic RNA from wild-type and Apobec-1-deficient mice reveals 56 novel editing sites in 54 intestinal mRNAs and 22 sites in 17 liver mRNAs (all in 3'UTRs); editing leads to corresponding changes in intestinal mRNA and protein levels for 11 genes; Apobec-1 adenoviral or transgenic rescue restores editing; cell-free extracts from wild-type but not Apobec-1(-/-) mice support editing. Deep sequencing (RNA-Seq), Sanger-sequence validation, tissue-specific Apobec-1 adenoviral and transgenic overexpression rescue, cell-free editing assays, polysome profiling Genome biology High 24946870
2017 A1CF (APOBEC1 complementation factor) is dispensable for C-to-U RNA editing in vivo under normal physiological conditions: A1cf conditional null mice are viable and fertile, with no changes in editing efficiency at multiple targets including ApoB in small intestine and liver. Conditional A1cf knockout mice, quantitative C-to-U RNA editing at multiple targets in small intestine and liver RNA High 28069890 30309881
2017 APOBEC1-mediated RNA editing occurs in microglia and is required for maintaining their resting state; mice lacking APOBEC1 editing function in microglia display progressive age-related neurodegeneration, activated microglial clustering, aberrant myelination, increased inflammation, and lysosomal anomalies with behavioral and motor deficiencies. APOBEC1 RNA editing analysis in microglia, conditional APOBEC1 knockout mice, histopathological and behavioral phenotyping Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 29167375
2018 A1CF and RBM47 each function independently but interact in a tissue-specific manner to regulate APOBEC1-dependent C-to-U RNA editing; double knockout of A1cf and Rbm47 in liver virtually eliminates apoB RNA editing and reduces most other targets; intestinal double knockout further reduces editing beyond single Rbm47 knockout; forced A1CF expression alone does not restore editing in double knockouts. Tissue-specific single and double conditional knockouts of A1cf and Rbm47, adenoviral APOBEC1 rescue, RNA-Seq, quantitative editing analysis RNA High 30309881
2019 APOBEC1-RBM47 and APOBEC1-A1CF complexes reconstituted in HEK293T cells show differential RNA editing activity: A1CF and RBM47 differ in their selectivity for specific RNA targets; human vs. mouse versions of cofactors differ in activity; minimal domain of RBM47 required for activity was defined. Reconstitution of APOBEC1 with either cofactor in HEK293T cells, cell-based fluorescent editing reporter assay, domain deletion analysis of RBM47 Journal of molecular biology Medium 30844405
2020 Crystal structure of APOBEC1 reveals a typical APOBEC deaminase core plus a unique well-folded hydrophobic C-terminal domain (A1HD) that forms a stable dimer via hydrophobic interactions creating a four-stranded β-sheet positively charged surface; structure-guided mutagenesis shows A1HD directs RNA substrate and cofactor interactions. X-ray crystallography of APOBEC1, structure-guided mutagenesis, biochemical characterization of RNA/DNA substrate selectivity NAR cancer High 33094286
2021 APOBEC1 cytosine deaminase activity on ssDNA is suppressed by replication protein A (RPA) competition for ssDNA; APOBEC1 cannot efficiently compete with RPA in vitro, correlating with low levels of genomic DNA damage (γH2AX foci) in lung cancer cells, suggesting RPA acts as a defense against APOBEC1 off-target deamination. In vitro ssDNA deamination assay with RPA competition, γH2AX foci assay in lung cancer cell line Nucleic acids research Medium 33330905
1999 APOBEC1 dimerization requires the C-terminal region; N-terminal deletions up to residue A117 do not impair dimerization, while C-terminal deletions reduce it; basic amino acid clusters R15R16R17 and R33K34 are essential for apoB mRNA editing; residues L182, I185, L189 and a β-turn (P190/P191) in the leucine-rich C-terminal region are required for normal editing function. Systematic targeted mutagenesis, in vitro apoB mRNA editing assay, immunoprecipitation dimerization assay Journal of lipid research High 10191286
2000 In yeast expressing APOBEC-1, apoB mRNA editing occurs preferentially in the nucleus; cis-acting sequence requirements and intracellular distribution of APOBEC-1 in yeast are similar to those in mammalian cells, suggesting auxiliary protein functions required for editosome assembly are conserved in yeast. Yeast expression system for APOBEC-1, apoB mRNA editing assay, intracellular localization Nucleic acids research Medium 10606639
2014 APOBEC1 expression in chicken DT40 cells increases inactivation of a stably inserted reporter gene and increases imatinib-resistant clones in a human CML model through induction of mutations in BCR-ABL1, demonstrating APOBEC1 acts as a DNA mutator in vertebrate cells. Reporter gene inactivation assay in DT40 cells, imatinib-resistance mutation induction assay in human CML cells, BCR-ABL1 sequencing Genome biology Medium 25085003
2014 hnRNPQ isoform 6 (hnRNPQ6) is required for efficient interaction of APOBEC1 with IL-8 mRNA in HuH7.5 cells; APOBEC1 binding to AU-rich elements in IL-8 3'UTR extends mRNA half-life and increases IL-8 production in a cell-type-specific and hnRNPQ6-dependent manner. FLAG-tagged APOBEC1 immunoprecipitation followed by microarray (RNA-IP), siRNA screen, yeast two-hybrid, reporter assay with IL-8 3'UTR-luciferase, mRNA half-life measurement, overexpression of hnRNPQ isoforms The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 25100733

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 and some of its homologs can act as DNA mutators. Molecular cell 478 12453430
2000 Molecular cloning of apobec-1 complementation factor, a novel RNA-binding protein involved in the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA. Molecular and cellular biology 215 10669759
2011 Transcriptome-wide sequencing reveals numerous APOBEC1 mRNA-editing targets in transcript 3' UTRs. Nature structural & molecular biology 194 21258325
2007 Recombinant antibodies to an oxidized low-density lipoprotein epitope induce rapid regression of atherosclerosis in apobec-1(-/-)/low-density lipoprotein receptor(-/-) mice. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 138 18068040
1996 Targeted disruption of the mouse apobec-1 gene abolishes apolipoprotein B mRNA editing and eliminates apolipoprotein B48. The Journal of biological chemistry 129 8626621
2003 In vitro deamination of cytosine to uracil in single-stranded DNA by apolipoprotein B editing complex catalytic subunit 1 (APOBEC1). The Journal of biological chemistry 114 12697753
1995 Mutagenesis of apobec-1, the catalytic subunit of the mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, reveals distinct domains that mediate cytosine nucleoside deaminase, RNA binding, and RNA editing activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 112 7782343
1995 apobec-1, the catalytic subunit of the mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, is a novel RNA-binding protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 108 7782342
2010 APOBEC-1-mediated RNA editing. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine 102 20836050
2014 C to U RNA editing mediated by APOBEC1 requires RNA-binding protein RBM47. EMBO reports 94 24916387
1995 Alternative mRNA splicing and differential promoter utilization determine tissue-specific expression of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing protein (Apobec1) gene in mice. Structure and evolution of Apobec1 and related nucleoside/nucleotide deaminases. The Journal of biological chemistry 93 7768898
2014 The RNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 induces somatic mutations and a compatible mutational signature is present in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Genome biology 85 25085003
2000 Identification of GRY-RBP as an apolipoprotein B RNA-binding protein that interacts with both apobec-1 and apobec-1 complementation factor to modulate C to U editing. The Journal of biological chemistry 85 11134005
2001 Novel role for RNA-binding protein CUGBP2 in mammalian RNA editing. CUGBP2 modulates C to U editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA by interacting with apobec-1 and ACF, the apobec-1 complementation factor. The Journal of biological chemistry 84 11577082
1997 Cloning of an Apobec-1-binding protein that also interacts with apolipoprotein B mRNA and evidence for its involvement in RNA editing. The Journal of biological chemistry 83 8999813
1996 Overexpression of APOBEC-1 results in mooring sequence-dependent promiscuous RNA editing. The Journal of biological chemistry 83 8621694
1996 Complete phenotypic characterization of apobec-1 knockout mice with a wild-type genetic background and a human apolipoprotein B transgenic background, and restoration of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing by somatic gene transfer of Apobec-1. The Journal of biological chemistry 83 8824235
2014 Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of Apobec-1-mediated C-to-U RNA editing in mouse small intestine and liver. Genome biology 82 24946870
2004 The structure of a yeast RNA-editing deaminase provides insight into the fold and function of activation-induced deaminase and APOBEC-1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 15148397
2000 An AU-rich sequence element (UUUN[A/U]U) downstream of the edited C in apolipoprotein B mRNA is a high-affinity binding site for Apobec-1: binding of Apobec-1 to this motif in the 3' untranslated region of c-myc increases mRNA stability. Molecular and cellular biology 74 10688645
2008 Murine APOBEC1 is a powerful mutator of retroviral and cellular RNA in vitro and in vivo. Journal of molecular biology 63 18983852
1997 Apobec-1 and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. Biochimica et biophysica acta 58 9084497
2002 Identification of domains in apobec-1 complementation factor required for RNA binding and apolipoprotein-B mRNA editing. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 56 11871661
1996 Hyperediting of multiple cytidines of apolipoprotein B mRNA by APOBEC-1 requires auxiliary protein(s) but not a mooring sequence motif. The Journal of biological chemistry 55 8626710
1999 Psoriasis upregulated phorbolin-1 shares structural but not functional similarity to the mRNA-editing protein apobec-1. The Journal of investigative dermatology 53 10469298
2011 Intrinsic restriction activity by apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 against the mobility of autonomous retrotransposons. Nucleic acids research 52 21398638
2001 C-->U editing of neurofibromatosis 1 mRNA occurs in tumors that express both the type II transcript and apobec-1, the catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme. American journal of human genetics 52 11727199
1996 Apobec-1 interacts with a 65-kDa complementing protein to edit apolipoprotein-B mRNA in vitro. The Journal of biological chemistry 51 8910449
1996 Hepatic expression of the catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme (apobec-1) ameliorates hypercholesterolemia in LDL receptor-deficient rabbits. Human gene therapy 50 8727508
2021 Apobec1 complementation factor overexpression promotes hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular cancer. The Journal of clinical investigation 49 33445170
2012 Transgenerational epigenetic effects of the Apobec1 cytidine deaminase deficiency on testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility and embryonic viability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 48 22923694
2001 ARCD-1, an apobec-1-related cytidine deaminase, exerts a dominant negative effect on C to U RNA editing. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 48 11698249
1998 A sequence-specific RNA-binding protein complements apobec-1 To edit apolipoprotein B mRNA. Molecular and cellular biology 47 9671452
2005 Targeted deletion of the murine apobec-1 complementation factor (acf) gene results in embryonic lethality. Molecular and cellular biology 45 16055734
2000 Induction of cytidine to uridine editing on cytoplasmic apolipoprotein B mRNA by overexpressing APOBEC-1. The Journal of biological chemistry 45 10833526
2001 Mutagenesis of apobec-1 complementation factor reveals distinct domains that modulate RNA binding, protein-protein interaction with apobec-1, and complementation of C to U RNA-editing activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 11571303
2018 Apobec1 complementation factor (A1CF) and RBM47 interact in tissue-specific regulation of C to U RNA editing in mouse intestine and liver. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 42 30309881
2014 High-resolution genetic mapping in the diversity outbred mouse population identifies Apobec1 as a candidate gene for atherosclerosis. G3 (Bethesda, Md.) 42 25344410
2005 NMR structure of the apoB mRNA stem-loop and its interaction with the C to U editing APOBEC1 complementary factor. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 42 15659357
2003 A novel nuclear localization signal in the auxiliary domain of apobec-1 complementation factor regulates nucleocytoplasmic import and shuttling. The Journal of biological chemistry 42 12896982
2017 Loss of APOBEC1 RNA-editing function in microglia exacerbates age-related CNS pathophysiology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 40 29167375
2010 Analysis of reptilian APOBEC1 suggests that RNA editing may not be its ancestral function. Molecular biology and evolution 40 21172829
2001 A DnaJ protein, apobec-1-binding protein-2, modulates apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 11584023
2010 APOBEC1 and APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases as restriction factors for hepadnaviral genomes in non-humans in vivo. Journal of molecular biology 38 20546753
2008 The antiretroviral potency of APOBEC1 deaminase from small animal species. Nucleic acids research 37 18971252
1997 Partial characterization of the auxiliary factors involved in apolipoprotein B mRNA editing through APOBEC-1 affinity chromatography. The Journal of biological chemistry 37 9346911
1997 Tissue-specific inhibition of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing in the liver by adenovirus-mediated transfer of a dominant negative mutant APOBEC-1 leads to increased low density lipoprotein in mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 36 8999814
1996 Gene transfer of cytidine deaminase apoBEC-1 lowers lipoprotein(a) in transgenic mice and induces apolipoprotein B editing in rabbits. Human gene therapy 36 8825867
2011 APOBEC1-mediated editing and attenuation of herpes simplex virus 1 DNA indicate that neurons have an antiviral role during herpes simplex encephalitis. Journal of virology 35 21775448
2006 PI3-kinase activity modulates apo B available for hepatic VLDL production in apobec-1-/- mice. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 35 16798720
2001 Two-hybrid cloning identifies an RNA-binding protein, GRY-RBP, as a component of apobec-1 editosome. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 35 11352648
2003 Intestinal lipoprotein assembly in apobec-1-/- mice reveals subtle alterations in triglyceride secretion coupled with a shift to larger lipoproteins. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology 33 12816761
1999 Mutational analysis of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme (APOBEC1). structure-function relationships of RNA editing and dimerization. Journal of lipid research 33 10191286
2001 Isolation, characterization and developmental regulation of the human apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF) gene. Biochimica et biophysica acta 32 11718896
2004 Apobec-1 protects intestine from radiation injury through posttranscriptional regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Gastroenterology 31 15480992
1995 Developmental regulation of the catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme (APOBEC-1) in human small intestine. Journal of lipid research 31 7595088
2017 APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF) is dispensable for C-to-U RNA editing in vivo. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 29 28069890
2010 apoB and apobec1, two genes key to lipid metabolism, are transcriptionally regulated by p53. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 29 20890106
1998 An alternatively spliced form of apobec-1 messenger RNA is overexpressed in human colon cancer. Gastroenterology 29 9797364
2009 Human APOBEC1 cytidine deaminase edits HBV DNA. Retrovirology 28 19843348
2007 Deletion of the AU-rich RNA binding protein Apobec-1 reduces intestinal tumor burden in Apc(min) mice. Cancer research 28 17875695
2004 Optimization of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing by APOBEC1 apoenzyme and the role of its auxiliary factor, ACF. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 28 15273326
1997 Effective lowering of plasma, LDL, and esterified cholesterol in LDL receptor-knockout mice by adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of ApoB mRNA editing enzyme (Apobec1). Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 28 9157952
2006 APOBEC-1 and AID are nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking proteins but APOBEC3G cannot traffic. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 27 16999936
2003 RNA-editing cytidine deaminase Apobec-1 is unable to induce somatic hypermutation in mammalian cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 27 14559972
2021 APOBEC1 cytosine deaminase activity on single-stranded DNA is suppressed by replication protein A. Nucleic acids research 26 33330905
2019 Mitochondrially-targeted APOBEC1 is a potent mtDNA mutator affecting mitochondrial function and organismal fitness in Drosophila. Nature communications 26 31337756
2010 Apobec-1 complementation factor modulates liver regeneration by post-transcriptional regulation of interleukin-6 mRNA stability. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 20406809
1997 Characterization of the human apobec-1 gene: expression in gastrointestinal tissues determined by alternative splicing with production of a novel truncated peptide. Journal of lipid research 25 9186903
2020 The structure of APOBEC1 and insights into its RNA and DNA substrate selectivity. NAR cancer 24 33094286
2019 Comparison of RNA Editing Activity of APOBEC1-A1CF and APOBEC1-RBM47 Complexes Reconstituted in HEK293T Cells. Journal of molecular biology 23 30844405
2007 Conditional intestinal lipotoxicity in Apobec-1-/- Mttp-IKO mice: a survival advantage for mammalian intestinal apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. The Journal of biological chemistry 23 17855359
2006 Metabolic regulation of apoB mRNA editing is associated with phosphorylation of APOBEC-1 complementation factor. Nucleic acids research 22 16820530
2009 Decreased expression of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and altered bile acid metabolism in Apobec-1-/- mice lead to increased gallstone susceptibility. The Journal of biological chemistry 20 19386592
1998 Human apolipoprotein B RNA editing deaminase gene (APOBEC1). Genomics 20 9479499
2003 Identification of novel alternative splice variants of APOBEC-1 complementation factor with different capacities to support apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. The Journal of biological chemistry 19 14570923
1999 Absence of APOBEC-1 mediated mRNA editing in human carcinomas. Oncogene 19 10597235
1998 Insulin increases expression of apobec-1, the catalytic subunit of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing complex in rat hepatocytes. Metabolism: clinical and experimental 19 9667237
1998 Distinct promoters induce APOBEC-1 expression in rat liver and intestine. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 19 9672068
2020 RNA editing of BFP, a point mutant of GFP, using artificial APOBEC1 deaminase to restore the genetic code. Scientific reports 18 33057101
2010 Hypermutation induced by APOBEC-1 overexpression can be eliminated. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 18 20348446
1999 Disproportionate relationship between APOBEC-1 expression and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing activity. Experimental cell research 17 10502408
1997 Cloning and characterization of the rat apobec-1 gene: a comparative analysis of gene structure and promoter usage in rat and mouse. Journal of lipid research 17 9215539
2014 Reassessment of murine APOBEC1 as a retrovirus restriction factor in vivo. Virology 16 25303118
2012 Intestine-specific expression of Apobec-1 rescues apolipoprotein B RNA editing and alters chylomicron production in Apobec1 -/- mice. Journal of lipid research 16 22993231
2004 Hepatic secretion of small lipoprotein particles in apobec-1-/- mice is regulated by the LDL receptor. Journal of lipid research 16 15145984
1999 C-->U editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA in marsupials: identification and characterisation of APOBEC-1 from the American opossum Monodelphus domestica. Nucleic acids research 16 10373583
1996 In vitro reconstitution of apolipoprotein B RNA editing activity from recombinant APOBEC-1 and McArdle cell extracts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 8579594
2003 Regulatable liver expression of the rabbit apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC-1) in mice lacking endogenous APOBEC-1 leads to aberrant hyperediting. The Biochemical journal 15 12374571
2006 The acidic domain of hnRNPQ (NSAP1) has structural similarity to Barstar and binds to Apobec1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 13 17010310
2002 Apobec-1 transcription in rat colon cancer: decreased apobec-1 protein production through alterations in polysome distribution and mRNA translation associated with upstream AUGs. Biochimica et biophysica acta 13 12020819
1998 Evolutionary origins of the mammalian apolipoproteinB RNA editing enzyme, apobec-1: structural homology inferred from analysis of a cloned chicken small intestinal cytidine deaminase. Biological chemistry 13 9792440
2016 Apobec-1 Complementation Factor (A1CF) Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Migration of Normal Rat Kidney Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells. International journal of molecular sciences 12 26848653
2014 The RNA-editing enzyme APOBEC1 requires heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q isoform 6 for efficient interaction with interleukin-8 mRNA. The Journal of biological chemistry 12 25100733
2013 The genetic basis for individual differences in mRNA splicing and APOBEC1 editing activity in murine macrophages. Genome research 12 24249727
2000 APOBEC-1 dependent cytidine to uridine editing of apolipoprotein B RNA in yeast. Nucleic acids research 12 10606639
2017 Opossum APOBEC1 is a DNA mutator with retrovirus and retroelement restriction activity. Scientific reports 11 28429755
2010 APOBEC-1 complementation factor (ACF) forms RNA-dependent multimers. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 11 20541536
2010 Metabolic regulation of APOBEC-1 complementation factor trafficking in mouse models of obesity and its positive correlation with the expression of ApoB protein in hepatocytes. Biochimica et biophysica acta 11 20541607
2006 Functional characterization of APOBEC-1 complementation factor phosphorylation sites. Biochimica et biophysica acta 11 17229474

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