Affinage

A1CF

APOBEC1 complementation factor · UniProt Q9NQ94

Length
594 aa
Mass
65.2 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 8 papers cited in narrative 9 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

A1CF is an hnRNP-family RNA-binding protein that serves as the RNA-binding subunit of the APOBEC1 C-to-U mRNA editosome, directly binding both apolipoprotein B (apoB) RNA and the catalytic deaminase APOBEC1 to enable site-specific editing; however, A1CF is dispensable for apoB editing in vivo under normal conditions because RBM47 can independently support APOBEC1 activity, whereas combined loss of both cofactors virtually eliminates editing (PMID:16055734, PMID:28069890, PMID:30309881). Beyond RNA editing, A1CF regulates alternative splicing of hepatocyte-specific metabolic transcripts—including ketohexokinase-C and glycerol kinase—such that hepatic A1cf ablation improves glucose tolerance and protects against fructose-induced steatosis (PMID:31597092). A1CF also has an APOBEC1-independent essential role in early embryonic cell survival, as global knockout causes blastocyst-stage lethality and A1CF depletion induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells irrespective of APOBEC1 expression (PMID:16055734). Partial loss of A1CF modulates testicular germ cell tumor susceptibility and gamete function in mice, and in glioma cells A1CF promotes proliferation and invasion by stabilizing the lncRNA FAM224A (PMID:27582469, PMID:31186064).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 6 steps
  1. 2001 Medium

    Characterization of the human ACF gene revealed extensive alternative splicing (≥9 transcripts) and relatively constant developmental expression, establishing that developmental changes in apoB editing are not driven by ACF abundance, shifting attention to post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.

    Evidence RT-PCR and Northern blotting of fetal intestinal and hepatic tissues and cell lines

    PMID:11718896

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional significance of individual splice isoforms unresolved
    • Post-transcriptional mechanisms controlling editing efficiency not identified
  2. 2005 High

    Targeted deletion and siRNA knockdown established A1CF as both the obligate RNA-binding component of the APOBEC1 editosome and an essential factor for early embryonic survival, revealing an APOBEC1-independent pro-survival function since A1CF depletion caused apoptosis even in APOBEC1-negative cells.

    Evidence Homologous recombination knockout in mice (embryonic lethality at E3.5–E4.5); siRNA in rat and human hepatoma cells with editing and apoptosis assays

    PMID:16055734

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular targets mediating the pro-survival function not identified
    • Mechanism of blastocyst lethality beyond proliferation failure not resolved
  3. 2016 Medium

    Genetic studies in mice demonstrated that partial A1CF loss modulates testicular germ cell tumor risk and gamete function through non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, extending A1CF's biological roles beyond RNA editing to reproductive biology.

    Evidence A1cf and Ago2 mutant mouse intercrosses and backcrosses with TGCT phenotyping and progeny ratio analysis

    PMID:27582469

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream molecular mechanism by which A1CF affects gamete selection unknown
    • Interaction with Ago2 pathway not mechanistically defined
    • Single genetic background study
  4. 2017 High

    Conditional knockout of A1cf in adult mice revealed that A1CF is dispensable for C-to-U editing of apoB and other targets in intestine, liver, and kidney under normal conditions, overturning the earlier model that A1CF is the obligate editing cofactor in vivo.

    Evidence Conditional Cre-lox knockout mice; RNA editing quantified by sequencing across multiple tissues; metabolic phenotyping

    PMID:28069890

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether A1CF becomes essential under metabolic or pathological stress not tested
    • Identity of the compensating cofactor (later shown to be RBM47) not determined in this study
  5. 2018 High

    Double conditional knockout of A1cf and Rbm47 in liver virtually abolished apoB editing, demonstrating that these two cofactors function as independent, tissue-specific, partially redundant partners for APOBEC1 and resolving the question of how editing persists without A1CF.

    Evidence Tissue-specific single and double conditional knockout mice; adenoviral APOBEC1 rescue; editing quantification across multiple targets

    PMID:30309881

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for differential site selection by A1CF vs RBM47 unknown
    • Whether A1CF and RBM47 form a ternary complex or act strictly in separate complexes unresolved
  6. 2019 High

    Three studies expanded A1CF's functional repertoire: reconstitution showed species-specific editing selectivity between A1CF and RBM47; hepatic A1cf ablation revealed a major editing-independent role in alternative splicing of metabolic transcripts (KHK-C, glycerol kinase) with downstream metabolic protection; and in glioma, A1CF was shown to stabilize the lncRNA FAM224A to drive proliferation and invasion.

    Evidence HEK293T reconstitution with quantitative editing assays [PMID:30844405]; liver-specific KO with RNA-seq and metabolic phenotyping [PMID:31597092]; siRNA, RIP, luciferase reporters, and xenografts in glioma cells [PMID:31186064]

    PMID:30844405 PMID:31186064 PMID:31597092

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA-binding specificity determinants for splicing vs editing targets not defined
    • Whether A1CF's oncogenic role extends beyond glioma not established
    • FAM224A stabilization mechanism (direct binding vs indirect) not fully dissected

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the molecular targets through which A1CF supports early embryonic survival independently of APOBEC1, the structural basis for its differential cofactor activity relative to RBM47, and whether its splicing-regulatory and lncRNA-stabilizing functions share a common RNA-recognition mechanism.
  • No structural model of A1CF in complex with APOBEC1 or RNA substrates
  • Editing-independent transcriptomic targets in embryonic development uncharacterized
  • Relevance of A1CF's oncogenic functions across cancer types untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0003723 RNA binding 4 GO:0140098 catalytic activity, acting on RNA 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 5 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 1 R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 1
Partners
AGO2APOBEC1RBM47
Complex memberships
APOBEC1 editosome

Evidence

Reading pass · 9 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 A1CF (APOBEC1 complementation factor) is the obligate RNA-binding subunit of the core enzyme mediating C-to-U editing of the apolipoprotein B (apoB) nuclear transcript; it binds both apoB RNA and APOBEC1 (the catalytic cytidine deaminase), enabling site-specific posttranscriptional editing. Targeted gene knockout (homologous recombination) combined with siRNA knockdown in rat and human hepatoma cells; functional assays for apoB mRNA editing and apoptosis Molecular and cellular biology High 16055734
2001 The human ACF gene encodes at least nine alternatively spliced transcripts, the majority of which produce functional protein; developmental and tissue-specific expression of ACF mRNA is relatively constant, suggesting post-transcriptional mechanisms other than ACF abundance regulate the developmental increase in intestinal apoB mRNA editing. Gene isolation, RT-PCR, Northern blotting of fetal intestinal and hepatic mRNAs and intestinal cell lines Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 11718896
2017 A1CF is dispensable for APOBEC1-mediated C-to-U RNA editing of apoB and multiple other targets in adult mouse small intestine, liver, and kidney under normal physiological conditions; conditional A1cf-null mice are viable and fertile with no change in RNA editing efficiency. Conditional knockout mice (Cre-lox), RNA editing quantification by sequencing in small intestine, liver, and kidney; metabolic and blood plasma phenotyping RNA (New York, N.Y.) High 28069890
2018 A1CF and RBM47 each function independently yet interact in a tissue-specific manner to regulate the activity and site selection of APOBEC1-dependent C-to-U RNA editing; double knockout of A1cf and Rbm47 in liver virtually eliminated apoB RNA editing, whereas single knockouts showed variable effects depending on tissue. Tissue-specific and double conditional knockout mice; RNA editing quantification across multiple targets in liver and intestine; adenoviral APOBEC1 rescue experiments RNA (New York, N.Y.) High 30309881
2019 A1CF regulates alternative RNA splicing of a subset of hepatocyte-specific transcripts, including ketohexokinase C (KHK-C) and glycerol kinase isoforms; hepatic ablation of A1cf markedly reduces these alternatively spliced isoforms, leading to improved glucose tolerance and protection from fructose-induced hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis. Liver-specific A1cf knockout mice; RNA-seq and alternative splicing analysis; metabolic phenotyping (glucose tolerance tests, fructose challenge, liver histology) Cell reports High 31597092
2019 APOBEC1 paired with A1CF or RBM47 shows differential RNA editing activity on APOB and several other cellular RNA targets; A1CF and RBM47 exhibit clear differences in editing selectivity depending on whether human or mouse genes are expressed, demonstrated in a reconstituted HEK293T cell system lacking endogenous APOBEC1/A1CF/RBM47. Reconstitution of APOBEC1-A1CF and APOBEC1-RBM47 complexes in HEK293T cells; cell-based fluorescence eGFP editing assay; comparison of human vs. mouse cofactors Journal of molecular biology High 30844405
2016 Partial loss of A1CF modulates risk for testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) and testicular abnormalities in both parent-of-origin and conventional genetic manners; A1cf mutant intercrosses show non-Mendelian inheritance among progeny consistent with nonrandom gamete union rather than meiotic drive, implicating A1CF in gamete function and long-term reproductive performance. A1cf and Ago2 mutant mouse intercrosses and backcrosses; TGCT phenotyping; progeny ratio analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 27582469
2005 Targeted deletion of the murine acf gene results in embryonic lethality at the blastocyst stage (E3.5–E4.5); acf−/− blastocysts fail to proliferate in vitro, and siRNA knockdown of ACF in hepatoma cells (both apobec-1-expressing and apobec-1-deficient) increases apoptosis, demonstrating an apobec-1-independent essential role for ACF in cell survival during early embryonic development. Homologous recombination knockout; embryo genotyping and in vitro blastocyst culture; siRNA knockdown in rat and human hepatoma cells with apoptosis assay Molecular and cellular biology High 16055734
2019 A1CF stabilizes and increases FAM224A lncRNA expression in glioma cells; loss-of-function of A1CF restrained cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis by upregulating miR-590-3p in a FAM224A-dependent manner, placing A1CF upstream of the FAM224A–miR-590-3p–ZNF143 positive feedback loop. siRNA knockdown; luciferase reporter assays; RIP and ChIP assays; cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis assays; xenograft tumor growth assay Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 31186064

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1999 Identification of a novel aspartic protease (Asp 2) as beta-secretase. Molecular and cellular neurosciences 938 10656250
1997 ACF, an ISWI-containing and ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor. Cell 527 9230310
1988 Cell attachment to thrombospondin: the role of ARG-GLY-ASP, calcium, and integrin receptors. The Journal of cell biology 450 2848850
2005 Distinct activities of CHD1 and ACF in ATP-dependent chromatin assembly. Nature structural & molecular biology 232 15643425
2002 The DNA chaperone HMGB1 facilitates ACF/CHRAC-dependent nucleosome sliding. The EMBO journal 208 12486007
2006 The chromatin-remodeling enzyme ACF is an ATP-dependent DNA length sensor that regulates nucleosome spacing. Nature structural & molecular biology 174 17099699
1998 His-Asp phosphotransfer signal transduction. Journal of biochemistry 174 9538242
2009 Dynamics of nucleosome remodelling by individual ACF complexes. Nature 161 20033040
1995 Structure and function of ASP, the human homolog of the mouse agouti gene. Human molecular genetics 159 7757071
1999 Abnormal spindle protein, Asp, and the integrity of mitotic centrosomal microtubule organizing centers. Science (New York, N.Y.) 141 10073938
2009 The chromatin remodeller ACF acts as a dimeric motor to space nucleosomes. Nature 140 20033039
2008 Human DNMT2 methylates tRNA(Asp) molecules using a DNA methyltransferase-like catalytic mechanism. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 140 18567810
2001 The drosophila protein asp is involved in microtubule organization during spindle formation and cytokinesis. The Journal of cell biology 131 11352927
1998 Coordinated release of acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and triacylglycerol clearance by human adipose tissue in vivo in the postprandial period. Journal of lipid research 121 9555951
2001 Polo kinase and Asp are needed to promote the mitotic organizing activity of centrosomes. Nature cell biology 109 11283617
2000 Possible His to Asp phosphorelay signaling in an Arabidopsis two-component system. FEBS letters 106 10930573
1991 An Arg-Gly-Asp sequence within thrombin promotes endothelial cell adhesion. The Journal of cell biology 102 1988465
1995 Emergence of adenomatous aberrant crypt foci (ACF) from hyperplastic ACF with concomitant increase in cell proliferation. Cancer research 94 7585496
2007 Green tea polyphenols inhibit colorectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation and prevent oncogenic changes in dysplastic ACF in azoxymethane-treated F344 rats. Carcinogenesis 91 17893236
1999 Acylation stimulating protein (ASP), an adipocyte autocrine: new directions. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 91 10355026
2002 Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) deficiency induces obesity resistance and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 83 12244109
1995 Organization of tcp, acf, and toxT genes within a ToxT-dependent operon. Molecular microbiology 83 7565104
2005 Spindle pole organization in Drosophila S2 cells by dynein, abnormal spindle protein (Asp), and KLP10A. Molecular biology of the cell 80 15888542
2005 A 'loop recapture' mechanism for ACF-dependent nucleosome remodeling. Nature structural & molecular biology 80 16025127
2013 The microcephaly protein Asp regulates neuroepithelium morphogenesis by controlling the spatial distribution of myosin II. Nature cell biology 78 24142104
1992 The Ser-Arg-Tyr-Asp region of the major surface glycoprotein of Leishmania mimics the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser cell attachment region of fibronectin. The Journal of biological chemistry 73 1629196
2002 Dynamics of ATP-dependent chromatin assembly by ACF. Nature 70 12192415
1997 Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) regulates glucose transport in the rat L6 muscle cell line. Biochimica et biophysica acta 70 9059512
1998 His...Asp catalytic dyad of ribonuclease A: structure and function of the wild-type, D121N, and D121A enzymes. Biochemistry 68 9636030
2015 A tonoplast Glu/Asp/GABA exchanger that affects tomato fruit amino acid composition. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 67 25602029
2001 STAT3 activation is required for Asp(816) mutant c-Kit induced tumorigenicity. Oncogene 66 11494148
2011 Identification of a rapidly formed nonnucleosomal histone-DNA intermediate that is converted into chromatin by ACF. Molecular cell 64 21855802
1999 Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) deficiency alters postprandial and adipose tissue metabolism in male mice. The Journal of biological chemistry 64 10593909
2004 The histone-fold protein complex CHRAC-15/17 enhances nucleosome sliding and assembly mediated by ACF. Molecular cell 63 14759371
1999 Mice lacking acylation stimulating protein (ASP) have delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance. Journal of lipid research 58 10484614
1990 Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved Asp-443 and Asp-498 carboxy-terminal residues of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Nucleic acids research 56 1699202
2012 Anti-diabetic activities of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASP) in combination with metformin. International journal of biological macromolecules 55 22326821
2000 Cleavage of the actin-capping protein alpha -adducin at Asp-Asp-Ser-Asp633-Ala by caspase-3 is preceded by its phosphorylation on serine 726 in cisplatin-induced apoptosis of renal epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 55 10823823
2002 Binding of Acf1 to DNA involves a WAC motif and is important for ACF-mediated chromatin assembly. Molecular and cellular biology 52 12192034
2006 Identification of an essential gene responsible for D-Asp incorporation in the Lactococcus lactis peptidoglycan crossbridge. Molecular microbiology 51 17083466
1991 Locations of Arg-82, Asp-85, and Asp-96 in helix C of bacteriorhodopsin relative to the aqueous boundaries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 50 1656452
1996 Roles of Glu 349 and Asp 352 in membrane insertion and translocation by diphtheria toxin. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 48 8845758
2014 Chemical composition of Propolis Extract ACF® and activity against herpes simplex virus. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 47 25022206
2005 Targeted deletion of the murine apobec-1 complementation factor (acf) gene results in embryonic lethality. Molecular and cellular biology 45 16055734
2002 Catalytic mechanism of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Site-directed mutagenesis of Asp-130, Lys-185, Asp-189, and Asn-190. The Journal of biological chemistry 45 11927587
1993 Antiapoptotic effect of heterozygously expressed mutant RI (Ala336-->Asp) subunit of cAMP kinase I in a rat leukemia cell line. The Journal of biological chemistry 45 8385140
1994 Site-directed mutagenesis of the Asp-197 and Asp-202 residues in chitinase A1 of Bacillus circulans WL-12. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 44 7765724
2023 Exploring Kinase Asp-Phe-Gly (DFG) Loop Conformational Stability with AlphaFold2-RAVE. Journal of chemical information and modeling 41 37981824
2018 Apobec1 complementation factor (A1CF) and RBM47 interact in tissue-specific regulation of C to U RNA editing in mouse intestine and liver. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 41 30309881
2009 Recombinant C3adesArg/acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is highly bioactive: a critical evaluation of C5L2 binding and 3T3-L1 adipocyte activation. Molecular immunology 41 19767107
2003 A single amino acid change (Asp 53 --> Ala53) converts Survivin from anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic. Molecular biology of the cell 41 14699067
2007 C-kit Asp-816-Val mutation analysis in patients with mastocytosis. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 40 17191042
2017 What impact has the NIHR Academic Clinical Fellowship (ACF) scheme had on clinical academic careers in England over the last 10 years? A retrospective study. BMJ open 39 28606905
2015 Microcephaly protein Asp focuses the minus ends of spindle microtubules at the pole and within the spindle. The Journal of cell biology 38 26644514
2019 The RNA-Binding Protein A1CF Regulates Hepatic Fructose and Glycerol Metabolism via Alternative RNA Splicing. Cell reports 37 31597092
2014 Extracellular-matrix-based and Arg-Gly-Asp-modified photopolymerizing hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue engineering. Part A 37 25266634
2000 His-Asp phosphorelay signaling: a communication avenue between plants and their environment. Plant molecular biology 35 10794527
2015 The HIV-1 antisense protein (ASP) induces CD8 T cell responses during chronic infection. Retrovirology 33 25809376
2001 Isolation, characterization and developmental regulation of the human apobec-1 complementation factor (ACF) gene. Biochimica et biophysica acta 32 11718896
1998 Plasma acylation stimulating protein (ASP) as a predictor of impaired cellular biological response to ASP in patients with hyperapoB. European journal of clinical investigation 32 9767372
1994 The adipsin-ASP pathway and regulation of adipocyte function. Annals of medicine 32 7695862
2001 Involvement of the Arg-Asp-His catalytic triad in enzymatic cleavage of the phosphodiester bond. Biochemistry 31 11331006
2013 Elevated fetal adipsin/acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) in obese pregnancy: novel placental secretion via Hofbauer cells. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 30 23956345
2005 Glu-Q-tRNA(Asp) synthetase coded by the yadB gene, a new paralog of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that glutamylates tRNA(Asp) anticodon. Biochimie 30 16164993
2017 APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF) is dispensable for C-to-U RNA editing in vivo. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 29 28069890
2011 Truncation of murine CaV1.2 at Asp-1904 results in heart failure after birth. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 21832054
2009 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural increase adenoma and flat ACF number in the intestine of Min/+ mice. Anticancer research 29 19528448
2002 The role of Asp-462 in regulating Akt activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 12124386
2010 Influence of Lβ-, Dα- and Dβ-Asp isomers of the Asp-76 residue on the properties of αA-crystallin 70-88 peptide. Amino acids 28 20437187
2005 Increased levels of PPARbeta/delta and cyclin D1 in flat dysplastic ACF and adenomas in Apc(Min/+) mice. Anticancer research 28 16309164
2016 Inhibitors of Arg-Gly-Asp-Binding Integrins Reduce Development of Pancreatic Fibrosis in Mice. Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology 27 28174730
2000 Transcriptional analysis of chromatin assembled with purified ACF and dNAP1 reveals that acetyl-CoA is required for preinitiation complex assembly. The Journal of biological chemistry 27 11054407
2001 Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) acute effects on postprandial lipemia and food intake in rodents. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 26 11360154
2007 The ASP receptor C5L2 is regulated by metabolic hormones associated with insulin resistance. Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 25 17464341
1999 [Cytotoxic activity and cytokine gene induction of Asp-hemolysin to murine macrophages]. Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai zasshi = Japanese journal of medical mycology 25 10536308
2000 High sensitivity bioassay of paralytic (PSP) and amnesic (ASP) algal toxins based on the fluorimetric detection of [Ca(2+)](i) in rat cortical primary cultures. Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology 24 10736481
1996 Perturbed interaction between residues 85 and 204 in Tyr-185-->Phe and Asp-85-->Glu bacteriorhodopsins. Biophysical journal 24 8968608
1985 The structure of yeast tRNA(Asp). A model for tRNA interacting with messenger RNA. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 24 3917033
2016 Parent-of-origin effects of A1CF and AGO2 on testicular germ-cell tumors, testicular abnormalities, and fertilization bias. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 23 27582469
2014 Molecular cloning and functional characterization of porcine DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 41 (DDX41). Developmental and comparative immunology 23 25086295
2019 Comparison of RNA Editing Activity of APOBEC1-A1CF and APOBEC1-RBM47 Complexes Reconstituted in HEK293T Cells. Journal of molecular biology 22 30844405
2002 A family of activation associated secreted protein (ASP) homologues of Cooperia punctata. Research in veterinary science 22 12443689
2019 Inhibition of the aberrant A1CF-FAM224A-miR-590-3p-ZNF143 positive feedback loop attenuated malignant biological behaviors of glioma cells. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 20 31186064
2016 Isomerization of Asp residues plays an important role in αA-crystallin dissociation. The FEBS journal 20 26700637
2012 Isomerization of Asp-Asp motif in model peptides and a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 20 23280575
2020 Venomics of the asp viper Vipera aspis aspis from France. Journal of proteomics 19 32087377
2011 Loss of ASP but not ROPN1 reduces mammalian ciliary motility. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) 19 22021175
1981 des-Asp-angiotensin I: its identification in rat blood and confirmation as a substrate for converting enzyme. Endocrinology 19 6256150
2019 Detection of antisense protein (ASP) RNA transcripts in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The Journal of general virology 18 30896385
2019 Site-specific analysis of the Asp- and Glu-ADP-ribosylated proteome by quantitative mass spectrometry. Methods in enzymology 18 31606080
1999 Fibrinogen Matsumoto III: a variant with gamma275 Arg-->Cys (CGC-->TGC)--comparison of fibrin polymerization properties with those of Matsumoto I (gamma364 Asp-->His) and Matsumoto II (gamma308 Asn-->Lys). Thrombosis and haemostasis 18 10365751
1999 A critical evaluation of the putative role of C3adesArg (ASP) in lipid metabolism and hyperapobetalipoproteinemia. Molecular immunology 18 10698341
2019 LPS-induced inflammation delays the transportation of ASP+ due to down-regulation of OCTN1/2 in alveolar epithelial cells. Journal of drug targeting 17 31591905
1991 Resonance Raman spectra of bacteriorhodopsin mutants with substitutions at Asp-85, Asp-96, and Arg-82. Photochemistry and photobiology 17 2062880
2022 The ACF chromatin-remodeling complex is essential for Polycomb repression. eLife 16 35257662
2022 Anticancer Properties of N,N-dibenzylasparagine as an Asparagine (Asp) analog, Using Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cell Line. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 16 35901362
2022 Deciphering the Alphabet of Disorder-Glu and Asp Act Differently on Local but Not Global Properties. Biomolecules 16 36291634
2017 Sequential activities of Dynein, Mud and Asp in centrosome-spindle coupling maintain centrosome number upon mitosis. Journal of cell science 16 28864767
2005 CD117+ small cell lung cancer lacks the asp 816-->val point mutation in exon 17. Histopathology 16 16242000
2018 Tuning Stacking Interactions between Asp-Arg Salt Bridges and Heterocyclic Drug Fragments. Journal of chemical information and modeling 15 30507185