Affinage

APC

Adenomatous polyposis coli protein · UniProt P25054

Length
2843 aa
Mass
311.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
100 papers in source corpus 17 papers cited in narrative 17 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 8/8 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

APC is a multifunctional tumor suppressor that couples Wnt/beta-catenin signaling control to cytoskeletal organization and cell migration (PMID:8259518, PMID:10662776). It physically associates with beta-catenin (PMID:8259518) and contains CRM1-dependent nuclear export signals adjacent to its mutation cluster region; truncating cancer mutations abolish this export and cause nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin (PMID:10984057). Downstream of beta-catenin, c-Myc is the critical effector of APC loss in the intestine, mediating most Wnt target gene activation and the differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis defects following Apc deletion (PMID:17377531). APC self-associates through its N-terminal domain, so truncated mutants can bind wild-type APC and act dominant-negatively (PMID:8389242), and an additional phospho-sensitive N-to-C-terminal interaction enhanced by 14-3-3 governs APC clustering at membrane protrusions during migration (PMID:18477604). At the cytoskeleton, APC binds the plus-end tracking protein EB1 via its C-terminus (PMID:7606712), moves ATP-dependently toward growing microtubule plus ends (PMID:10662776), directly binds and promotes polymerization of vimentin intermediate filaments through its armadillo repeats (PMID:23382461), and links microtubules to the nuclear membrane via Nup153 to polarize the cytoskeleton during directional migration (PMID:18042042). APC also participates in mitotic chromosome alignment within a ternary APC/EB1/BubR1 complex, in which BubR1 directly phosphorylates APC (PMID:17709426). APC expression is itself regulated transcriptionally by RIP140 (PMID:24667635) and post-transcriptionally by METTL3-mediated m6A modification that triggers YTHDF-dependent APC mRNA degradation, relieving beta-catenin repression and promoting glycolysis and proliferation (PMID:34155197). In intestinal tissue, Apc-mutant cells secrete the Wnt antagonist NOTUM to competitively suppress neighboring wild-type cells, providing a fixation advantage for mutant clones (PMID:34079124).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1993 High

    Establishing that APC physically associates with beta-catenin connected the tumor suppressor to a defined molecular partner and laid the foundation for its role in Wnt signaling.

    Evidence Reciprocal anti-APC and anti-beta-catenin immunoprecipitation with protein sequencing in vivo

    PMID:8259518

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not establish the functional consequence of binding (degradation vs sequestration)
    • Did not map the interaction domains or destruction-complex context
  2. 1993 High

    Demonstrating N-terminal oligomerization explained how truncated APC mutants could exert dominant-negative effects over the wild-type allele.

    Evidence In vitro expression, immunoprecipitation, and deletion mutagenesis mapping minimal self-association domains

    PMID:8389242

    Open questions at the time
    • Dominant-negative effect inferred from binding, not directly tested functionally in cells
    • Stoichiometry and physiological relevance of oligomers not defined
  3. 1995 High

    Identifying EB1 as a C-terminal APC partner first linked APC to microtubule biology beyond its beta-catenin function.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid screen with in vitro and reciprocal in vivo co-immunoprecipitation confirmation

    PMID:7606712

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of the APC-EB1 interaction not yet established
    • Did not determine effect on microtubule dynamics
  4. 2000 High

    Mapping CRM1-dependent nuclear export signals showed how APC controls subcellular distribution of beta-catenin and why truncating mutations cause nuclear beta-catenin accumulation.

    Evidence NES motif mapping and live-cell imaging comparing wild-type and truncation-mutant cancer cell lines

    PMID:10984057

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of export vs degradation to beta-catenin control not quantified
    • Cargo specificity beyond beta-catenin not addressed
  5. 2000 High

    Live imaging revealing ATP-dependent plus-end tracking of APC established it as an active microtubule-associated protein with distinct C-terminal targeting and motor-driven behaviors.

    Evidence GFP live-cell imaging of full-length and deletion mutants plus immunoelectron microscopy in Xenopus epithelial cells

    PMID:10662776

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the motor driving granule movement not defined
    • Link between plus-end tracking and tumor suppression not established
  6. 2006 Medium

    Genetic and overexpression studies placed APC upstream of RAS/ERK signaling, broadening its signaling outputs beyond canonical Wnt.

    Evidence APC overexpression/knockdown in colorectal cells and Cre-lox Apc knockout in MEFs with kinase activity assays

    PMID:16478791

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which APC lowers RAS protein levels unresolved
    • Single-lab observation linking beta-catenin to Raf1/MEK/ERK not independently confirmed
  7. 2006 Medium

    RNAi knockdown showed even truncated APC supports proliferation and DNA replication, indicating residual functions of mutant APC in cancer cells.

    Evidence RNA interference with proliferation, DNA replication, and cell-cycle protein readouts in wild-type and truncated-APC cancer lines

    PMID:16450383

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular basis of the replication requirement not defined
    • Whether effect is beta-catenin-dependent not resolved
  8. 2007 High

    In vivo double knockout established c-Myc as the critical mediator of Apc loss, defining the key transcriptional output downstream of beta-catenin.

    Evidence Conditional Apc/Myc double knockout in adult mouse intestine with gene expression arrays and histology

    PMID:17377531

    Open questions at the time
    • Myc-independent Wnt targets remain uncharacterized
    • Generalizability beyond intestinal epithelium not addressed
  9. 2007 High

    Reconstitution of an APC/EB1/BubR1 ternary complex with direct BubR1 phosphorylation of APC linked APC to mitotic chromosome alignment and a mechanism for chromosomal instability.

    Evidence Immunodepletion from Xenopus egg extracts, in vitro kinase assays with purified components, and Co-IP

    PMID:17709426

    Open questions at the time
    • Phosphorylation sites and their functional consequence not mapped
    • Relevance to human tumor aneuploidy not directly tested
  10. 2008 Medium

    Identifying the APC-Nup153 interaction explained how APC tethers microtubules to the nuclear membrane to polarize the cytoskeleton during directional migration.

    Evidence Scratch-induced migration assays and microtubule organization imaging in neurons and fibroblasts

    PMID:18042042

    Open questions at the time
    • Limited mechanistic detail on the direct interaction interface
    • Single-lab finding without reciprocal validation
  11. 2008 Medium

    Discovery of a phospho-sensitive, 14-3-3-enhanced N-to-C intramolecular self-association added a regulatory layer controlling APC clustering at protrusions during migration.

    Evidence Co-IP, deletion mapping, overexpression/inhibition experiments, and cell migration assays

    PMID:18477604

    Open questions at the time
    • Kinase responsible for the phospho-switch not identified
    • Structural basis of the intramolecular contact unresolved
  12. 2008 Low

    APC was linked to base excision repair through interactions with Pol-beta and Fen-1, suggesting a direct genome-maintenance role.

    Evidence Review summarizing protein interaction and BER activity data

    PMID:18662849

    Open questions at the time
    • No primary experimental detail in this review-level entry
    • Direct binding and BER modulation not independently validated here
  13. 2013 High

    Reconstituting direct APC-vimentin binding via the armadillo repeats established APC as an integrator of microtubule and intermediate filament networks during migration.

    Evidence In vitro binding with purified components, domain mapping, and wound-migration loss-of-function in astrocytes and cancer cells

    PMID:23382461

    Open questions at the time
    • How microtubule and IF coordination is regulated dynamically not resolved
    • Contribution to tumor suppression not directly tested
  14. 2014 Medium

    Identifying RIP140 as a direct stimulator of APC transcription revealed an upstream node controlling APC abundance and beta-catenin activity.

    Evidence Rip140 knockout and transgenic mouse models with APC transcription and beta-catenin target readouts plus xenografts

    PMID:24667635

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding of RIP140 to the APC promoter not detailed
    • Generalizability across tissues not established
  15. 2021 High

    NOTUM secretion by Apc-mutant cells was identified as a cell-competition mechanism that suppresses neighboring wild-type cells, explaining mutant clone fixation in crypts.

    Evidence Conditioned medium, genetic and pharmacological NOTUM inhibition, organoids, and in vivo adenoma models

    PMID:34079124

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream signals controlling NOTUM induction in mutant cells not defined
    • Therapeutic window of NOTUM inhibition not established
  16. 2021 High

    Defining METTL3/m6A/YTHDF-mediated APC mRNA degradation added a post-transcriptional layer linking RNA modification to beta-catenin signaling and tumor metabolism.

    Evidence m6A-RIP-seq, METTL3 knockdown/overexpression, YTHDF binding, beta-catenin readouts, and xenograft model

    PMID:34155197

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific m6A sites driving degradation not fully mapped
    • Which YTHDF paralog dominates not resolved
  17. 2021 Medium

    Single-molecule imaging showed APC-dependent mRNAs are transported to protrusions by the KIF1C motor, illuminating spatial regulation of the APC mRNA system.

    Evidence Live two-color single-molecule imaging, KIF1C knockdown, and 3'UTR reporter mapping

    PMID:34493599

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of localized APC mRNA for protein activity not established
    • Adaptors linking mRNA to KIF1C not identified

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How APC's distinct activities — beta-catenin destruction, microtubule/IF cytoskeletal control, mitotic chromosome alignment, and mRNA localization — are coordinated within a single regulatory program remains unresolved.
  • No integrated structural model spanning the multiple functional domains
  • Tissue-specific weighting of each function not quantified
  • Cross-talk between cytoskeletal and signaling roles undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 1 GO:0005635 nuclear envelope 1 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 3 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2
Partners
BUBR1CTNNB1EB1KIF1CMETTL3NUP153VIMYWHAB
Complex memberships
APC/EB1/BubR1 ternary complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 17 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1993 APC protein physically associates with beta-catenin: immunoprecipitation with anti-APC antibodies co-precipitated a 95 kDa protein identified by sequencing as beta-catenin, and reciprocal anti-beta-catenin antibody confirmed the interaction in vivo. Immunoprecipitation, protein sequencing Science High 8259518
1993 APC protein oligomerizes via its N-terminal domain: in vitro expression and immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the first 171 residues are sufficient for APC self-association, and the first 45 amino acids are necessary, suggesting truncated mutant APC can bind wild-type APC in a dominant-negative manner. In vitro expression, immunoprecipitation, deletion mutagenesis Cancer research High 8389242
1995 APC binds the novel protein EB1 via its carboxyl terminus: two-hybrid screen identified EB1, and the interaction was confirmed by in vitro binding assays and co-immunoprecipitation in vivo using anti-EB1 monoclonal antibodies. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding assay, co-immunoprecipitation Cancer research High 7606712
2000 APC contains nuclear export signals (NES) 3' adjacent to the mutation cluster region that enable it to exit the nucleus via a CRM1-dependent pathway; this nuclear export function is lost in truncation mutant APC cancer cells, resulting in nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin. Live cell imaging, nuclear export signal mapping, mutant APC analysis in cancer cell lines Nature High 10984057
2000 APC protein moves along microtubules toward their growing plus ends in an ATP-dependent manner, and concentrates as granules at plus ends during cell spreading and wound healing; the C-terminal region targets APC to growing MT ends, while the region lacking the C-terminus forms granular aggregates that move along MTs by motor activity. GFP live-cell imaging, deletion mutant analysis, immunoelectron microscopy in Xenopus epithelial cells Journal of Cell Biology High 10662776
2006 APC inhibits ERK pathway activation induced by RAS: overexpressing APC in DLD-1 cells reduced RAS-induced ERK activation, and Cre-mediated Apc knockout in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts increased ERK activity; the mechanism involves APC acting on beta-catenin, which activates Raf1/MEK/ERK, and APC overexpression reduces RAS protein levels. Overexpression/knockdown in colorectal cancer cells, Cre-lox knockout in MEFs, kinase activity assays Journal of Cell Science Medium 16478791
2007 Myc is the critical downstream mediator of Apc loss in the intestine: simultaneous deletion of both Apc and Myc in the adult murine small intestine rescued defects in differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis caused by Apc deletion alone, even in the presence of high nuclear beta-catenin; array analysis showed Myc is required for the majority of Wnt target gene activation after Apc loss. Conditional in vivo double knockout (Apc and Myc), gene expression arrays, histological analysis Nature High 17377531
2008 APC directly binds polymerized vimentin (an intermediate filament protein) via its armadillo repeats, promotes vimentin polymerization in vitro, and is required for microtubule-dependent rearrangements of intermediate filaments during cell migration; loss or truncation of APC correlated with disorganization of the IF network in glioma and carcinoma cells. In vitro binding assay with purified components, wound-induced migration assay, loss-of-function analysis in astrocytes and cancer cells, domain mapping Journal of Cell Biology High 23382461
2007 BubR1 directly phosphorylates APC and forms a ternary complex with APC and microtubules; BubR1 associates with APC and EB1 in Xenopus egg extracts, and this complex is necessary for metaphase chromosome alignment. Immunodepletion from Xenopus egg extracts, antibody addition experiments, in vitro kinase assay with purified components, Co-IP Journal of Cell Biology High 17709426
2008 APC associates with the nuclear pore complex protein Nup153 (nucleoporin 153) and through this direct interaction promotes association of microtubules with the nuclear membrane, which is required for polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton during directional cell migration. In vitro scratch-induced migration assay, direct interaction analysis with Nup153, microtubule organization imaging in neurons and fibroblasts Biology of the Cell Medium 18042042
2008 A novel N-terminal to C-terminal self-association of APC was identified: an N-terminal region of APC interacts with the extreme C-terminal 300 amino acids of APC, and also with itself; this interaction is phospho-sensitive and enhanced by 14-3-3 protein; this self-association modulates APC clustering at membrane protrusions and is required for cell migration. Co-IP, deletion mapping, overexpression and inhibition experiments, cell migration assay Journal of Cell Science Medium 18477604
2006 Truncated APC (as expressed in SW480 colon cancer cells) is required for cell proliferation and DNA replication: RNAi knockdown of APC in both wild-type-expressing and truncated-APC-expressing cancer cells impaired proliferation and DNA replication, correlating with reduced cyclin A, cyclin A-dependent kinase activity, p27(kip1), and DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit. RNA interference, cell proliferation assay, DNA replication assay, Western blot for cell cycle proteins International Journal of Cancer Medium 16450383
2021 Apc-mutant cells secrete NOTUM, a WNT antagonist, which suppresses surrounding wild-type crypt cell proliferation and drives their differentiation, giving Apc-mutant clones a competitive advantage for crypt fixation; conditioned medium from Apc-mutant cells suppressed wild-type organoid growth in a NOTUM-dependent manner, and pharmacological/genetic NOTUM inhibition abrogated Apc-mutant cell expansion. Conditioned medium experiments, NOTUM inhibition (genetic and pharmacological), organoid assays, in vivo intestinal adenoma models Nature High 34079124
2021 METTL3-mediated m6A modification of APC mRNA recruits YTHDF proteins to degrade APC mRNA, reducing APC protein levels and thereby increasing beta-catenin and its transcriptional targets (cyclin D1, c-Myc, PKM2), leading to enhanced glycolysis and tumor cell proliferation. m6A-RIP sequencing, METTL3 knockdown/overexpression, YTHDF binding assay, beta-catenin signaling readouts, mouse xenograft model Nature Communications High 34155197
2014 RIP140 (a transcriptional coregulator) directly stimulates APC transcription and thereby inhibits beta-catenin activation; Rip140-null mice showed reduced APC levels and increased intestinal proliferation, while RIP140 overexpression repressed colon cancer cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Rip140 knockout and transgenic mouse models, APC transcription assays, beta-catenin target gene expression, nude mouse xenograft Journal of Clinical Investigation Medium 24667635
2021 The kinesin KIF1C motor interacts with APC-dependent mRNAs and is required for their transport to cell protrusions; live-cell two-color imaging revealed single mRNAs transported by single KIF1C motors, with the 3'UTR sufficient to trigger KIF1C-dependent transport; KIF1C is also required for formation of peripheral multimeric RNA clusters. Live single-molecule imaging, two-color mRNA/motor co-imaging, KIF1C knockdown, 3'UTR reporter assays RNA Medium 34493599
2008 APC is required for regulation of DNA base excision repair (BER) through interaction with DNA polymerase beta (Pol-beta) and flap endonuclease 1 (Fen-1); APC gene transcription is activated by alkylating agents, and APC modulates BER activity. Protein interaction studies, BER activity assays, transcriptional activation analysis (reviewed from primary literature) Cancer Letters Low 18662849

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1993 Association of the APC gene product with beta-catenin. Science (New York, N.Y.) 1202 8259518
2001 The ABC of APC. Human molecular genetics 694 11257105
2007 Myc deletion rescues Apc deficiency in the small intestine. Nature 505 17377531
1993 The APC gene product in normal and tumor cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 428 8385345
1995 APC binds to the novel protein EB1. Cancer research 392 7606712
2008 Macrophages as APC and the dendritic cell myth. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 381 18941170
1997 The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor. Biochimica et biophysica acta 375 9196022
2007 Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC): a multi-functional tumor suppressor gene. Journal of cell science 366 17881494
2017 Multiple Roles of APC and its Therapeutic Implications in Colorectal Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 330 28423402
2002 The APC gene in colorectal cancer. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 297 11978510
2002 Regulation of APC-Cdc20 by the spindle checkpoint. Current opinion in cell biology 289 12473343
2000 The APC tumour suppressor has a nuclear export function. Nature 283 10984057
2008 Regulation of APC/C activators in mitosis and meiosis. Annual review of cell and developmental biology 256 18598214
2000 Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein moves along microtubules and concentrates at their growing ends in epithelial cells. The Journal of cell biology 245 10662776
2004 APC/C and SCF: controlling each other and the cell cycle. Current biology : CB 237 15380093
1996 Expression of the APC tumor suppressor protein in oligodendroglia. Glia 225 8776583
2002 The subcellular destinations of APC proteins. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology 206 11988767
2009 APC and its modifiers in colon cancer. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 191 19928355
2021 NOTUM from Apc-mutant cells biases clonal competition to initiate cancer. Nature 182 34079124
1993 Association between wild type and mutant APC gene products. Cancer research 178 8389242
2010 ERK activation drives intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(min/+) mice. Nature medicine 167 20473309
2013 Panta rhei: the APC/C at steady state. The Journal of cell biology 166 23589490
2016 Molecular mechanism of APC/C activation by mitotic phosphorylation. Nature 155 27120157
2008 Atypical E2F activity restrains APC/CCCS52A2 function obligatory for endocycle onset. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 145 18787127
2021 METTL3 promotes tumour development by decreasing APC expression mediated by APC mRNA N6-methyladenosine-dependent YTHDF binding. Nature communications 141 34155197
2015 The ABBA motif binds APC/C activators and is shared by APC/C substrates and regulators. Developmental cell 138 25669885
2006 Precise destruction: an emerging picture of the APC. Genes & development 134 17114580
2002 APC/Fizzy-Related targets Aurora-A kinase for proteolysis. EMBO reports 134 11964384
2003 APC mutation and tumour budding in colorectal cancer. Journal of clinical pathology 132 12499439
1997 Carcinogenesis: a balance between beta-catenin and APC. Current biology : CB 127 9210368
2008 Apc mice: models, modifiers and mutants. Pathology, research and practice 126 18538487
2014 APC(Cdc20) suppresses apoptosis through targeting Bim for ubiquitination and destruction. Developmental cell 125 24871945
2001 The APC is dispensable for first meiotic anaphase in Xenopus oocytes. Nature cell biology 120 11146630
2016 Mechanism of APC/CCDC20 activation by mitotic phosphorylation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119 27114510
1999 Regulation of APC activity by phosphorylation and regulatory factors. The Journal of cell biology 118 10459014
2017 Combined Mutation of Apc, Kras, and Tgfbr2 Effectively Drives Metastasis of Intestinal Cancer. Cancer research 114 29282223
2008 To cell cycle, swing the APC/C. Biochimica et biophysica acta 114 18544349
2001 Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene promoter hypermethylation in primary breast cancers. British journal of cancer 114 11437404
2008 Cell regulation by the Apc protein Apc as master regulator of epithelia. Current opinion in cell biology 110 18359618
1996 Hepatoblastoma and APC gene mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gut 110 9038672
1996 Somatic mutations of the APC gene in sporadic hepatoblastomas. Cancer research 107 8764128
2013 AMPKα1 deficiency amplifies proinflammatory myeloid APC activity and CD40 signaling. Journal of leukocyte biology 95 23883517
2005 Determinants of the APTT- and ETP-based APC sensitivity tests. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 93 15978106
2005 Non-traditional roles for the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein. Gene 91 16185824
2000 The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor--genetics, function and disease. Molecular medicine today 89 11099951
1999 APC: the plot thickens. Current opinion in genetics & development 85 10508699
2009 APC resistance: biological basis and acquired influences. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH 84 20002539
2007 Inactivation of Apc in the mouse prostate causes prostate carcinoma. Cancer research 82 17363566
2011 Mutual regulation between the spindle checkpoint and APC/C. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 80 21439394
2007 Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) plays multiple roles in the intestinal and colorectal epithelia. Medical molecular morphology 80 17572842
2008 Role of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and microtubules in directional cell migration and neuronal polarization. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 76 18387324
2008 APC shuttling to the membrane, nucleus and beyond. Trends in cell biology 76 18848448
1997 APC gene mutations and extraintestinal phenotype of familial adenomatous polyposis. Gut 76 9176082
2019 APC/C: current understanding and future perspectives. F1000Research 75 31164978
1995 Biallelic inactivation of the APC gene in hepatoblastoma. Cancer research 75 7585543
2013 APC binds intermediate filaments and is required for their reorganization during cell migration. The Journal of cell biology 71 23382461
2006 APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by RAS. Journal of cell science 65 16478791
2014 Expansion of the APC superfamily of secondary carriers. Proteins 62 25043943
2003 Mechanisms of ganglioside inhibition of APC function. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 60 12902465
2001 Where is APC going? The Journal of cell biology 54 11564752
2013 PIK3CA and APC mutations are synergistic in the development of intestinal cancers. Oncogene 53 23708654
2008 APC and the three-hit hypothesis. Oncogene 53 18836487
2002 Mutation analysis of APC gene in gastric cancer with microsatellite instability. World journal of gastroenterology 53 12378616
2007 BubR1 and APC/EB1 cooperate to maintain metaphase chromosome alignment. The Journal of cell biology 52 17709426
2012 Regulation of APC/C-Cdh1 and its function in neuronal survival. Molecular neurobiology 51 22836916
2017 The role of APC in WNT pathway activation in serrated neoplasia. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 50 29148535
2010 APC/C(Cdc20) targets E2F1 for degradation in prometaphase. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 48 20948288
2008 Original CIN: reviewing roles for APC in chromosome instability. The Journal of cell biology 48 18519734
2013 The spindle checkpoint, APC/C(Cdc20), and APC/C(Cdh1) play distinct roles in connecting mitosis to S phase. The Journal of cell biology 47 23775192
2008 A novel function of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) in regulating DNA repair. Cancer letters 47 18662849
2002 APC mutations in synovial sarcoma. The Journal of pathology 47 11920741
2014 Exploiting APC function as a novel cancer therapy. Current drug targets 46 24200292
2009 Genetic mechanisms in Apc-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. PLoS genetics 46 19197353
2012 The APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase: From Cell Biology to Tumorigenesis. Frontiers in oncology 45 22655255
2015 Arid1a inactivation in an Apc- and Pten-defective mouse ovarian cancer model enhances epithelial differentiation and prolongs survival. The Journal of pathology 44 26279473
2013 More than two decades of Apc modeling in rodents. Biochimica et biophysica acta 44 23333833
2009 RNA localization and polarity: from A(PC) to Z(BP). Trends in cell biology 44 19251418
2005 Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) tumor suppressor gene as a multifunctional gene. Anatomical science international 43 16158975
2003 Cadherins, catenins and APC in pleural malignant mesothelioma. The Journal of pathology 43 14595746
2014 RIP140 increases APC expression and controls intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. The Journal of clinical investigation 42 24667635
2009 Adiponectin suppresses tumorigenesis in Apc(Min)(/+) mice. Cancer letters 41 19646806
2009 The role of APC in mitosis and in chromosome instability. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 41 19928352
2009 APC in cell migration. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 40 19928350
2000 Cdk1 is essential for mammalian cyclosome/APC regulation. Experimental cell research 40 10694434
1995 Genotype-phenotype correlations at the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Critical reviews in oncogenesis 40 9012588
2021 The kinesin KIF1C transports APC-dependent mRNAs to cell protrusions. RNA (New York, N.Y.) 37 34493599
2015 APC selectively mediates response to chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer. BMC cancer 36 26049416
2010 Basophils as APC in Th2 response in allergic inflammation and parasite infection. Current opinion in immunology 36 21095110
2021 APC Promoter Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Frontiers in oncology 34 33968756
2009 Nuclear APC. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 34 19928349
2008 APC nuclear membrane association and microtubule polarity. Biology of the cell 33 18042042
2017 Germline APC mutations in hepatoblastoma. Pediatric blood & cancer 31 29251405
2011 Antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets in ovarian cancer. International reviews of immunology 31 21557638
2010 Apc(MIN) modulation of vitamin D secosteroid growth control. Carcinogenesis 31 20488884
2006 Truncated APC is required for cell proliferation and DNA replication. International journal of cancer 31 16450383
2017 Chromosome biorientation and APC activity remain uncoupled in oocytes with reduced volume. The Journal of cell biology 30 28978643
2011 Regulation of APC/CCdc20 activity by RASSF1A-APC/CCdc20 circuitry. Oncogene 30 21874044
2009 Role of APC and its binding partners in regulating microtubules in mitosis. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 30 19928353
2008 Novel self-association of the APC molecule affects APC clusters and cell migration. Journal of cell science 30 18477604
2000 Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: an APC-gene-associated tumor? Human pathology 29 11112217

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for APC? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.