Affinage

ADGRB1

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1 · UniProt O14514

Length
1584 aa
Mass
173.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-09
50 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 7/7 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

ADGRB1 (BAI1) is an adhesion GPCR that functions as an engulfment and synaptic-organizing receptor, coupling extracellular ligand recognition to Rho-family GTPase signaling (PMID:17960134, PMID:23595754). Its extracellular thrombospondin type 1 repeats directly bind phosphatidylserine displayed on apoptotic cells and lipopolysaccharide on Gram-negative bacteria, and these ligands are transduced through a cytoplasmic ELMO/Dock180 module that activates Rac1 to drive non-opsonic phagocytosis, apoptotic cell clearance, and phagosomal NADPH-oxidase-dependent ROS production for bacterial killing (PMID:17960134, PMID:21245295, PMID:26838550); the same PS-recognition/Rac1 axis promotes contact-dependent myoblast fusion and muscle regeneration in vivo (PMID:23615608), and the structural basis of BAI1 engagement of the ELMO RAE supramodule has been resolved by crystallography (PMID:30604775). PS exposure on the outer membrane leaflet additionally modulates BAI1 G-protein signaling through the TSP repeats, and BAI1 forms a complex with the PS flippase ATP11A (PMID:36370845). In neurons BAI1 organizes excitatory synapses through multiple parallel routes: Stachel/Par3-Tiam1-dependent local Rac1 activation drives spinogenesis and synaptogenesis, BAI1 acts trans-synaptically and forms a receptor complex with Neuroligin-1 to coordinate pre- and post-synaptic assembly, and it is required for AMPA receptor clustering at cochlear ribbon synapses (PMID:23595754, PMID:30120207, PMID:38564333). BAI1 also stabilizes PSD-95 by sequestering MDM2 to block its ubiquitination, supporting postsynaptic density integrity, synaptic plasticity, and spatial learning (PMID:25751059), while a developmentally late association with Bcr couples BAI1 to RhoA activation to terminate dendritic arbor growth, independently of its Rac1 synaptogenic function (PMID:31461398). Through MDM2 antagonism BAI1 stabilizes p53 to restrain cerebellar precursor proliferation, and ADGRB1 is epigenetically silenced in medulloblastoma (PMID:29894688). The N terminus is proteolytically released by a furin-activated MMP-14 cascade to generate the anti-angiogenic Vasculostatin-40 fragment, consistent with BAI1's identification as a p53-target anti-angiogenic gene (PMID:9393972, PMID:22330140).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 21 steps
  1. 1997 Medium

    Established BAI1's founding identity as a p53-inducible gene whose extracellular TSP repeats carry anti-angiogenic activity, framing it as a tumor-suppressor-associated receptor.

    Evidence Gene cloning plus recombinant TSP-repeat protein in a rat corneal neovascularization assay

    PMID:9393972

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not identify the receptor's ligand or signaling output
    • Single functional assay for the anti-angiogenic effect
  2. 1998 Medium

    First mapped cytoplasmic binding partners (BAP1/MAGUK, BAP3/Munc13-homolog), indicating BAI1 couples to scaffolding and membrane-associated machinery.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, co-IP, and co-localization in COS-7 cells; deletion-mutant mapping

    PMID:9647739 PMID:9790924

    Open questions at the time
    • BAP3 interaction rests on yeast two-hybrid alone
    • Functional consequence of the scaffolding interactions undefined
  3. 1999 Medium

    Linked BAI1 to actin-based membrane remodeling via its proline-rich tail binding the SH3 domain of BAIAP2/IRSp53 and enriched localization in growth cones.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding, immunofluorescence, and subcellular fractionation

    PMID:10343108

    Open questions at the time
    • No demonstration of in vivo cytoskeletal phenotype
    • Did not connect to a defined signaling pathway
  4. 2001 Medium

    Showed BAI1 is a neuronal protein (cortex, hippocampus) with an additional cytoplasmic partner (PAHX-AP1/BAP4) and is downregulated after cerebral ischemia, placing it in a brain-injury context.

    Evidence GST-pulldown and co-IP from brain lysate, in situ hybridization, Western blot

    PMID:11245925

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of the PAHX-AP1 interaction unresolved
    • Ischemia association is correlative
  5. 2007 High

    Defined BAI1's core signaling mechanism: the TSP repeats directly recognize phosphatidylserine and the receptor assembles a trimeric ELMO/Dock180 complex to activate Rac and engulf apoptotic cells.

    Evidence Co-IP, PS-binding and pulldown assays, knockdown, and in vivo engulfment assays

    PMID:17960134

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not address G-protein involvement
    • Generality beyond apoptotic-cell clearance unknown at the time
  6. 2011 High

    Extended BAI1 ligand recognition to innate immunity by showing TSP-repeat binding of Gram-negative LPS drives non-opsonic phagocytosis through the same ELMO/Dock/Rac1 axis.

    Evidence Recombinant ectodomain competition, knockdown/overexpression in macrophages, Rac assays, peritoneal infection model

    PMID:21245295

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not explain why Gram-positive bacteria are not recognized
    • Downstream microbicidal consequences not yet defined
  7. 2012 High

    Resolved how the anti-angiogenic Vasculostatin-40 fragment is generated, defining a furin-then-MMP-14 proteolytic cascade that releases the BAI1 N terminus.

    Evidence Biochemical proteolysis, protease inhibition, cell-based cleavage, and in vitro angiogenesis assays

    PMID:22330140

    Open questions at the time
    • Regulation of the cleavage in vivo not established
    • Receptor/target through which Vstat40 acts not identified
  8. 2013 High

    Showed BAI1 organizes excitatory synapses by recruiting the Par3/Tiam1 polarity complex for local Rac1 activation, and that this is genetically separable from the ELMO/Dock engulfment pathway.

    Evidence Co-IP, neuronal knockdown, and domain-specific mutant rescue with Rac1/F-actin imaging

    PMID:23595754

    Open questions at the time
    • Upstream synaptic ligand for this function not defined
    • Did not test G-protein coupling
  9. 2013 High

    Demonstrated PS recognition by BAI1 functions beyond clearance, mediating contact-dependent myoblast fusion and muscle regeneration through ELMO/Dock180/Rac1.

    Evidence Overexpression, knockout mice, apoptotic-cell add-back, and in vivo muscle injury

    PMID:23615608

    Open questions at the time
    • How transient PS exposure is spatially restricted during fusion unclear
    • Relationship to canonical fusion machinery not mapped
  10. 2014 High

    Defined a division of labor in neuronal engulfment, with BAI1 controlling phagosome formation and cargo transport while TIM-4 stabilizes phagosomes.

    Evidence Live imaging and genetic knockdown of BAI1 and TIM-4 in zebrafish microglia

    PMID:24898390

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular basis of the BAI1/TIM-4 cooperation not detailed
    • Whether the two receptors physically interact unknown
  11. 2015 High

    Uncovered a non-engulfment neuronal role: BAI1 stabilizes PSD-95 by binding MDM2 and blocking its ubiquitination, controlling synaptic plasticity and learning.

    Evidence Knockout mice, BAI1-MDM2 co-IP, ubiquitination assays, viral PSD-95 rescue, and LTP/LTD electrophysiology

    PMID:25751059

    Open questions at the time
    • How BAI1 ligand signaling regulates MDM2 sequestration unknown
    • Whether this couples to G-protein signaling unaddressed
  12. 2015 Medium

    Probed BAI1 activation mechanism, showing constitutive signaling persists in a stalkless receptor, indicating stalk/Stachel-independent activation modes.

    Evidence Engineered stalkless mutants assayed by TGFα shedding, NFAT-luciferase, β-arrestin recruitment, and SRF-luciferase

    PMID:26710850

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological ligand driving constitutive activity not defined
    • Reconciliation with later Stachel-dependent synaptogenesis unresolved
  13. 2016 High

    Connected BAI1 Rac1 activation to antimicrobial effector output, showing it drives phagosomal NADPH-oxidase ROS production and bacterial killing in vivo.

    Evidence BAI1-deficient primary macrophages, Rac assays, ROS measurement, killing assays, and peritoneal infection

    PMID:26838550

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct link from BAI1 to NADPH oxidase assembly not structurally defined
  14. 2018 High

    Dissected BAI1's prosynaptogenic logic into Stachel-dependent Rac1 activation, trans-synaptic vGluT1 clustering, and a Neuroligin-1 receptor complex, all requiring the N-terminal segment.

    Evidence In utero electroporation knockdown, Stachel peptide activation, mixed-culture trans-synaptic assay, BAI1-NRLN1 co-IP, in vivo spine analysis

    PMID:30120207

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and structural basis of the BAI1-NRLN1 complex undefined
    • How three mechanisms are temporally coordinated unclear
  15. 2018 High

    Established BAI1 as a tumor suppressor in medulloblastoma, stabilizing p53 by antagonizing MDM2 and being epigenetically silenced via MBD2 at its methylated promoter.

    Evidence Adgrb1 knockout crossed to Ptch1+/− tumor model, p53 ubiquitination assay, MBD2 ChIP, and pharmacological rescue

    PMID:29894688

    Open questions at the time
    • How MDM2 substrate selection (PSD-95 vs p53) is contextually determined unknown
  16. 2019 High

    Provided the atomic-resolution basis of the BAI1–ELMO interaction and showed disease mutations cluster at this interface and disrupt complex formation.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography of the ELMO2 RAE supramodule with BAI1 tail fragment, plus co-IP and interface mutagenesis

    PMID:30604775

    Open questions at the time
    • Structure of full-length receptor-bound complex not solved
    • Conformational coupling to G-protein activation unaddressed
  17. 2019 High

    Identified a distinct, RhoA-based BAI1 function: a late developmental association with Bcr stimulates its RhoA-GEF activity to terminate dendritic growth, separable from Rac1 synaptogenesis.

    Evidence Loss-of-function and overexpression in neurons, RhoA activation assays, BAI1-Bcr co-IP, domain mutant rescue

    PMID:31461398

    Open questions at the time
    • Signal that triggers the developmental switch to Bcr binding unknown
    • How BAI1 toggles between Rac1 and RhoA outputs undefined
  18. 2022 High

    Showed extracellular PS exposure tunes BAI1 G-protein signaling through the TSP repeats and that BAI1 complexes with the PS flippase ATP11A, linking lipid asymmetry to receptor output.

    Evidence ATP11A co-expression, ANO6 knockout cells, co-IP, G-protein signaling assays, and TSP truncation mutants

    PMID:36370845

    Open questions at the time
    • Which G-protein pathways are engaged in physiological cells not fully resolved
    • Link between PS-modulated G-protein signaling and ELMO/Rac1 engulfment unclear
  19. 2024 High

    Extended BAI1's postsynaptic organizing role to sensory transmission, showing it is required to cluster GluR2-4 AMPA receptors at cochlear ribbon synapses for hearing.

    Evidence Bai1 knockout mice, AMPA subunit immunostaining, auditory brainstem response, and confocal/EM synapse imaging

    PMID:38564333

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether BAI1 traffics or anchors AMPA receptors not distinguished
    • Molecular intermediaries at the ribbon synapse PSD unidentified
  20. 2025 Medium

    Broadened BAI1 into a stem-cell quiescence receptor, showing C1q signals through BAI1 to suppress the cell cycle via MDM2/p53 and to drive metabolic reprogramming through endocytic regulation of p32.

    Evidence Loss-of-function, MDM2/p53 assays, endocytosis and metabolic profiling, and hNSC transplant in spinal cord injury

    PMID:41381494

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism relies on loss-of-function without full reconstitution
    • Whether C1q binds BAI1 directly not established
  21. 2025 Medium

    Implicated BAI1 in glial synaptic pruning, showing it is required for astrocyte phagocytosis of excitatory presynaptic elements and constraint of synapse density.

    Evidence Adgrb1 knockout mice, astrocyte phagocytosis assays, synaptic-marker immunostaining, and KO astrocyte RNA-seq

    PMID:40930306

    Open questions at the time
    • Ligand recognized by astrocytic BAI1 during pruning not identified
    • Whether the ELMO/Rac1 axis mediates this pruning untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How BAI1 integrates a single receptor architecture to selectively route signals between ELMO/Rac1 engulfment, Par3/Tiam1 spinogenesis, Bcr/RhoA growth arrest, MDM2 sequestration, and G-protein output remains unresolved.
  • No unified model couples ligand identity to downstream effector choice
  • Endogenous G-protein subtype(s) and their physiological roles undefined
  • How extracellular cleavage and PS sensing feed back onto intracellular signaling unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3 GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0008289 lipid binding 2 GO:0038024 cargo receptor activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3
Pathway
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 3 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 3 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2
Partners
ATP11ABCRDOCK180ELMO1MDM2NLGN1PARD3TIAM1
Complex memberships
BAI1-Neuroligin-1 receptor complexBAI1/ELMO/Dock180 module

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 BAI1 functions as a phosphatidylserine recognition receptor on apoptotic cells: its thrombospondin type 1 repeats in the extracellular region directly bind phosphatidylserine, and BAI1 forms a trimeric complex with ELMO and Dock180 to activate Rac GTPase and promote apoptotic cell engulfment. Co-immunoprecipitation, pulldown assays, phosphatidylserine-binding assays, loss-of-function (knockdown/interference), in vivo engulfment assays Nature High 17960134
1997 BAI1 is a p53-target gene; its extracellular thrombospondin type 1 repeats mediate inhibition of angiogenesis, as demonstrated by a recombinant TSP-repeat protein inhibiting bFGF-induced neovascularization in the rat cornea. Recombinant protein in vivo angiogenesis assay (rat cornea model), gene cloning and characterization Oncogene Medium 9393972
1998 BAI1 interacts with BAP1 (a MAGUK family PDZ domain-containing protein) via a QTEV motif in the C-terminal region of BAI1 and PDZ domains of BAP1; both proteins co-localize at the cytoplasmic membrane and cell-cell junctions, and BAI1 expression induces filopodia-like extensions. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry in COS-7 cells Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 9647739
1999 BAI1 interacts via its proline-rich cytoplasmic region with the SH3 domain of BAIAP2 (IRSp53 homologue); BAIAP2 localizes to the plasma membrane only when co-expressed with BAI1, and BAI1 protein is predominantly found in growth cone-enriched fractions. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro binding assay, double-color immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation Cytogenetics and cell genetics Medium 10343108
1998 BAI1 interacts with BAP3, a C2 domain-containing protein homologous to Munc13, through a region distinct from the C2 domains; interaction was mapped by deletion-mutant analysis in the yeast two-hybrid system. Yeast two-hybrid, deletion-mutant analysis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 9790924
2001 BAI1 interacts with PAHX-AP1 (BAP4) via its cytoplasmic region, confirmed by GST-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation from brain lysate; BAI1 is predominantly expressed in neurons of cortex and hippocampus and its expression is decreased in the ischemic hemisphere after focal cerebral ischemia. GST-pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation from brain lysate, in situ hybridization, Western blot Brain research. Molecular brain research Medium 11245925
2011 BAI1 acts as a pattern recognition receptor on macrophages that recognizes Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide via its thrombospondin repeats, and promotes non-opsonic phagocytosis through ELMO/Dock-dependent Rac1 activation; inhibition of the BAI1/ELMO1 interaction prevents Rac activation and bacterial uptake. BAI1 does not recognize Gram-positive bacteria. Recombinant ectodomain competition, BAI1 knockdown and overexpression in macrophages and non-phagocytic cells, Rac activation assay, peritoneal infection model Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 21245295
2012 The N terminus of BAI1 is proteolytically cleaved extracellularly by a two-step cascade: proprotein convertases (primarily furin) activate latent MMP-14, which then directly cleaves BAI1 to release a bioactive 40 kDa fragment (Vasculostatin-40) that inhibits angiogenesis. Biochemical proteolysis assays, protease inhibition, cell-based cleavage assays, in vitro angiogenesis assay Oncogene High 22330140
2013 BAI1 interacts with the Par3/Tiam1 polarity complex and recruits these proteins to dendritic spines to promote spinogenesis and synaptogenesis via local Rac1 activation; a BAI1 mutant that cannot interact with ELMO/DOCK180 still rescues spine defects (ELMO interaction is dispensable for this function), while a mutant lacking Par3/Tiam1 interaction fails to rescue spine or Par3 localization defects. Co-immunoprecipitation, BAI1 knockdown in hippocampal neurons, rescue experiments with BAI1 mutants, immunofluorescence of Rac1 and F-actin The Journal of neuroscience High 23595754
2013 BAI1 acts as a phosphatidylserine receptor on myoblasts that promotes myoblast fusion through the ELMO/Dock180/Rac1 signaling axis; apoptotic myoblasts expose phosphatidylserine and signal in a contact-dependent manner through BAI1 on neighboring healthy myoblasts to promote fusion. In vivo, Bai1−/− mice have smaller myofibers and impaired muscle regeneration after injury. BAI1 overexpression and knockout, apoptosis blockade, addition of exogenous apoptotic myoblasts, in vivo muscle injury model (Bai1−/− mice) Nature High 23615608
2014 In zebrafish microglia, BAI1 specifically controls phagosome formation around dying neurons and intracellular cargo transport during neuronal engulfment, whereas TIM-4 is required for phagosome stabilization; combined activity of both receptors is needed for complete clearance of dying neurons. Live imaging in zebrafish, genetic knockdown of BAI1 and TIM-4, quantitative phagocytosis assays Nature communications High 24898390
2015 BAI1 prevents MDM2-mediated polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PSD-95 through a direct interaction with MDM2; loss of BAI1 in mice leads to reduced PSD-95 protein levels, thinning of the postsynaptic density, enhanced LTP, impaired LTD, and hippocampus-dependent spatial learning deficits that are rescued by viral restoration of PSD-95. BAI1 knockout mice, co-immunoprecipitation of BAI1-MDM2 complex, ubiquitination assay, viral gene delivery rescue, electrophysiology (LTP/LTD) The Journal of clinical investigation High 25751059
2015 BAI1 constitutive signaling activity does not require the membrane-proximal stalk peptide revealed by GAIN domain cleavage; a stalkless BAI1 mutant (B1-SL) retains robust signaling activity across multiple assays, supporting stalk-independent activation of BAI1. Engineered stalkless mutant receptors, battery of signaling assays (TGFα shedding, NFAT-luciferase, β-arrestin recruitment, SRF-luciferase) The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 26710850
2016 BAI1 mediates phagosomal ROS production in macrophages challenged with Gram-negative bacteria by activating Rac1 GTPase, which stimulates NADPH oxidase; BAI1-deficient macrophages show attenuated Rac activity, reduced ROS, and impaired bacterial killing, and BAI1-deficient mice show increased susceptibility to Gram-negative peritoneal infection. Primary BAI1-deficient macrophages, Rac GTPase activation assay, ROS measurement, bacterial killing assays, in vivo peritoneal infection model Science signaling High 26838550
2018 BAI1 prevents MDM2-mediated p53 polyubiquitination and degradation; loss of BAI1 (ADGRB1) in mice increases proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors and accelerates tumor growth in the Ptch1+/− medulloblastoma model; ADGRB1 is epigenetically silenced in medulloblastomas by MBD2 binding to the hypermethylated promoter. Adgrb1 knockout mice crossed with Ptch1+/− tumor model, p53 ubiquitination assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation for MBD2, in vivo tumor growth assays, MBD2 pathway inhibitor treatment Cancer cell High 29894688
2018 BAI1 promotes excitatory synaptogenesis via three distinct mechanisms: (1) Stachel peptide-dependent activation drives synaptic Rac1 activation and spinogenesis; (2) BAI1 acts trans-synaptically to induce clustering of presynaptic vGluT1 in contacting axons; (3) BAI1 forms a receptor complex with Neuroligin-1 (NRLN1) to mediate NRLN1-dependent spine growth and synapse development. The N-terminal extracellular segment is required for both prospinogenic and prosynaptogenic functions. In utero electroporation knockdown, Stachel peptide activation, mixed-culture trans-synaptic assay, co-immunoprecipitation of BAI1-NRLN1, in vivo hippocampal spine analysis The Journal of neuroscience High 30120207
2019 Crystal structure of the ELMO2 RAE supramodule (RBD-ARR-ELMO) in complex with a conserved fragment of the BAI1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail reveals the molecular basis of BAI/ELMO interaction; disease-causing mutations in BAI and ELMO map to this interface and disrupt complex formation. X-ray crystallography, co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis of interface residues Nature communications High 30604775
2019 BAI1 regulates dendritic arbor growth arrest by coupling to the RhoA pathway: BAI1 associates with Bcr late in development and stimulates its cryptic RhoA-GEF activity (together with Bcr's Rac1-GAP activity) to terminate arborization; BAI1 loss lowers RhoA activation and causes dendritic hypertrophy. This function is independent of BAI1's Rac1-dependent synaptogenic pathway. BAI1 loss-of-function and overexpression in hippocampal neurons, RhoA activation assay, co-immunoprecipitation of BAI1-Bcr, domain mutant rescue experiments eLife High 31461398
2022 Extracellular phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure modulates BAI1 G protein-dependent signaling: reducing PS in the outer leaflet (via co-expression of the PS flippase ATP11A or deletion of the scramblase ANO6) markedly reduces BAI1 signaling activity; ATP11A also forms a protein complex with BAI1 detected by co-immunoprecipitation. A truncated BAI1 lacking the TSP repeats is insensitive to PS reduction, demonstrating the TSP repeats mediate PS-dependent signaling. Co-expression of PS flippase ATP11A, ANO6 knockout cells, co-immunoprecipitation, G protein signaling assays, truncation mutants The Journal of biological chemistry High 36370845
2024 BAI1 is required for clustering of AMPA receptor subunits GluR2-4 at the postsynaptic density of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) afferent synapses in the cochlea; Bai1-deficient mice have normal inner hair cells but fail to transmit auditory information to SGNs, indicating BAI1 is essential for trafficking or anchoring AMPA receptors at cochlear ribbon synapses. Bai1 knockout mice, immunostaining for AMPA receptor subunits, auditory brainstem response and hearing threshold measurement, confocal and electron microscopy of synapses Cell reports High 38564333
2025 C1q acts through BAI1 to drive neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence via two parallel BAI1-dependent mechanisms: (1) BAI1-dependent negative regulation of MDM2 causing cell cycle suppression through p53; (2) endocytic internalization of the C1q-BAI1 complex driving regulation of p32 (C1qBP) and metabolic reprogramming toward aerobic glycolysis. These functions were validated in human NSCs and in a mouse spinal cord injury model. BAI1 loss-of-function, MDM2/p53 pathway assay, endocytosis assay, metabolic profiling, in vivo spinal cord injury model with hNSC transplant Nature communications Medium 41381494
2025 ADGRB1/BAI1 is required for astrocyte-mediated phagocytosis of excitatory presynaptic elements; Adgrb1-knockout astrocytes show reduced phagocytic capacity, less engulfment of presynaptic material, and a higher density of excitatory synapses in vivo, indicating BAI1 mediates synaptic pruning by astrocytes. Adgrb1 knockout mice, cultured astrocyte phagocytosis assay, immunostaining of pre- and post-synaptic markers, RNA-seq of KO astrocytes Experimental neurology Medium 40930306

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 50 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2007 BAI1 is an engulfment receptor for apoptotic cells upstream of the ELMO/Dock180/Rac module. Nature 676 17960134
1997 A novel brain-specific p53-target gene, BAI1, containing thrombospondin type 1 repeats inhibits experimental angiogenesis. Oncogene 258 9393972
2013 Phosphatidylserine receptor BAI1 and apoptotic cells as new promoters of myoblast fusion. Nature 250 23615608
2014 Distinct roles for BAI1 and TIM-4 in the engulfment of dying neurons by microglia. Nature communications 171 24898390
2011 Brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) is a pattern recognition receptor that mediates macrophage binding and engulfment of Gram-negative bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 131 21245295
2013 The adhesion-GPCR BAI1 regulates synaptogenesis by controlling the recruitment of the Par3/Tiam1 polarity complex to synaptic sites. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 119 23595754
2015 Stalk-dependent and Stalk-independent Signaling by the Adhesion G Protein-coupled Receptors GPR56 (ADGRG1) and BAI1 (ADGRB1). The Journal of biological chemistry 112 26710850
2020 Decylubiquinone suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis by inhibiting angiogenesis via the ROS/p53/ BAI1 signaling pathway. Angiogenesis 109 32020421
1997 Cloning and characterization of BAI2 and BAI3, novel genes homologous to brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1). Cytogenetics and cell genetics 93 9533023
2015 BAI1 regulates spatial learning and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. The Journal of clinical investigation 81 25751059
1998 Cloning and characterization of BAI-associated protein 1: a PDZ domain-containing protein that interacts with BAI1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 81 9647739
2018 BAI1 Suppresses Medulloblastoma Formation by Protecting p53 from Mdm2-Mediated Degradation. Cancer cell 74 29894688
2012 A proprotein convertase/MMP-14 proteolytic cascade releases a novel 40 kDa vasculostatin from tumor suppressor BAI1. Oncogene 74 22330140
1999 Identification of BAIAP2 (BAI-associated protein 2), a novel human homologue of hamster IRSp53, whose SH3 domain interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of BAI1. Cytogenetics and cell genetics 72 10343108
2011 Overexpression of MBD2 in glioblastoma maintains epigenetic silencing and inhibits the antiangiogenic function of the tumor suppressor gene BAI1. Cancer research 71 21724586
2011 Emerging roles for the BAI1 protein family in the regulation of phagocytosis, synaptogenesis, neurovasculature, and tumor development. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) 64 21509575
2016 The adhesion GPCR BAI1 mediates macrophage ROS production and microbicidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Science signaling 59 26838550
2018 The Adhesion-GPCR BAI1 Promotes Excitatory Synaptogenesis by Coordinating Bidirectional Trans-synaptic Signaling. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 55 30120207
2001 Characterization of mouse brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) and phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase-associated protein 1, a novel BAI1-binding protein. Brain research. Molecular brain research 49 11245925
2000 Vascularization is decreased in pulmonary adenocarcinoma expressing brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1). International journal of molecular medicine 46 10639598
1998 Cloning and characterization of BAP3 (BAI-associated protein 3), a C2 domain-containing protein that interacts with BAI1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 44 9790924
2002 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) is expressed in human cerebral neuronal cells. Neuroscience research 42 12074842
2019 EZH2 targeting reduces medulloblastoma growth through epigenetic reactivation of the BAI1/p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Oncogene 41 31582835
2006 Antiangiogenic activity of BAI1 in vivo: implications for gene therapy of human glioblastomas. Cancer gene therapy 39 16244591
2020 LncRNA embryonic stem cells expressed 1 (Lncenc1) is identified as a novel regulator in neuropathic pain by interacting with EZH2 and downregulating the expression of Bai1 in mouse microglia. Experimental cell research 33 33340495
2016 BAI1 Orchestrates Macrophage Inflammatory Response to HSV Infection-Implications for Oncolytic Viral Therapy. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 33 27852701
2022 Mice lacking full length Adgrb1 (Bai1) exhibit social deficits, increased seizure susceptibility, and altered brain development. Experimental neurology 32 35114205
2019 Structure of BAI1/ELMO2 complex reveals an action mechanism of adhesion GPCRs via ELMO family scaffolds. Nature communications 31 30604775
2019 The adhesion-GPCR BAI1 shapes dendritic arbors via Bcr-mediated RhoA activation causing late growth arrest. eLife 31 31461398
2015 BAI1-Associated Protein 2-Like 1 (BAIAP2L1) Is a Potential Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer. PloS one 30 26222696
2019 Molecular chaperone HspB2 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation via activating p53 downstream gene RPRM, BAI1, and TSAP6. Journal of cellular biochemistry 23 31692031
2017 Regulatory roles of brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1(BAI1) protein in inflammation, tumorigenesis and phagocytosis: A brief review. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 21 28259299
2022 Phosphatidylserine exposure modulates adhesion GPCR BAI1 (ADGRB1) signaling activity. The Journal of biological chemistry 18 36370845
2018 BAI1‑associated protein 2‑like 2 is a potential biomarker in lung cancer. Oncology reports 18 30483805
2024 BAI1 localizes AMPA receptors at the cochlear afferent post-synaptic density and is essential for hearing. Cell reports 15 38564333
2024 CircUGP2 Suppresses Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Progression via p53 Signaling Through Interacting With PURB to Regulate ADGRB1 Transcription and Sponging miR-3191-5p. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 15 39120980
2022 Maternal exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 and fetal brain development: Associations with BAI1 methylation and thyroid hormones. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 15 35738517
2020 BAI1 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer A549 cells by inducing metabolic reprogramming via the SCD1/HMGCR module. Carcinogenesis 14 32255478
2024 Novel Isoforms of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor B1 (ADGRB1/BAI1) Generated from an Alternative Promoter in Intron 17. Molecular neurobiology 7 38941066
2024 The regulation of BAI1 in astrocytes through the STAT3/EZH2 axis relieves neuronal apoptosis in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Brain research 5 38763505
2024 A functional schizophrenia-associated genetic variant near the TSNARE1 and ADGRB1 genes. HGG advances 4 38702885
2020 Correction: EZH2 targeting reduces medulloblastoma growth through epigenetic reactivation of the BAI1/p53 tumor suppressor pathway. Oncogene 4 31676871
2025 The dual-targeted transcription factor BAI1 orchestrates nuclear and plastid gene transcription in land plants. Molecular plant 2 40170352
2025 ADGRB1 contributes to astrocyte-mediated phagocytosis of excitatory synapses. Experimental neurology 2 40930306
2021 BAI1 nuclear expression reflects the survival of nonsmoking non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thoracic cancer 2 33934543
2025 C1q drives neural stem cell quiescence by regulating cell cycle and metabolism through BAI1. Nature communications 1 41381494
2023 A Functional Schizophrenia-associated genetic variant near the TSNARE1 and ADGRB1 genes. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 1 38187620
2026 Functional diversity of BAI1 (ADGRB1): From angiostasis to synaptic remodeling and disease therapeutics. iScience 0 41630910
2026 A BAI1-PSTB-Hydrogel promotes diabetic wound healing by targeting mtDNA leakage and the cGAS-STING axis to alleviate endothelial senescence. Bioactive materials 0 42256885
2025 Nuclear localization and upregulation of BAI1 in alveolar macrophages during LPS-Induced acute lung injury. Scientific reports 0 40628822

Missed literature

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