Affinage

XBP1

X-box-binding protein 1 · UniProt P17861

Length
261 aa
Mass
28.7 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 43 papers cited in narrative 43 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

XBP1 is a bZIP transcription factor that functions as the principal effector of the IRE1α branch of the unfolded protein response, with broad roles in ER homeostasis, lipid metabolism, immune cell differentiation, and metabolic regulation. Upon ER stress, IRE1α cleaves XBP1 mRNA in the cytoplasm and RtcB ligase re-ligates the exons, generating a frameshifted spliced isoform (XBP1s) whose nuclear translocation—facilitated by PI3K p85 subunits—activates transcription of ER chaperones, protein disulfide isomerases, phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes, and cell-type-specific targets including NFATc1 in osteoclasts, C/EBPα in adipocytes, and IL-6 in plasma cells (PMID:11779464, PMID:30355738, PMID:25754093, PMID:19490910, PMID:26193638, PMID:12612580, PMID:29507125). XBP1s also forms transcriptional complexes with HIF1α, Foxo1, and MYC to co-regulate context-dependent gene programs in cancer cells, immune cells, and hepatocytes, while governing hepatic 12-hour ultradian transcriptional rhythms that maintain membrane lipid homeostasis (PMID:24670641, PMID:37841640, PMID:29480818, PMID:33277471). The constitutively produced unspliced isoform (XBP1u) exerts distinct non-transcriptional functions: it stabilizes MDM2 to promote p53 degradation, targets β-catenin for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation, stabilizes SREBP2 to enhance cholesterol synthesis, and activates gluconeogenic gene expression during fasting (PMID:29057323, PMID:34870453, PMID:35933495, PMID:35863429).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 18 steps
  1. 2001 High

    The discovery that IRE1 performs unconventional cytoplasmic splicing of XBP1 mRNA—and that ATF6 transcriptionally induces XBP1—established the two-step activation mechanism that makes spliced XBP1 the principal transcriptional effector of the mammalian UPR.

    Evidence Molecular cloning, mRNA splicing assays, and reporter gene assays in mammalian cells

    PMID:11779464

    Open questions at the time
    • RNA ligation enzyme performing the second step of splicing was unknown
    • nuclear translocation mechanism of XBP1s was undefined
    • genome-wide transcriptional targets not yet mapped
  2. 2003 High

    Demonstrating that IRE1-mediated XBP1 splicing is required for plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin secretion established XBP1 as a lineage-determining factor for secretory cells, not merely a stress-response effector.

    Evidence XBP1−/− mouse B cells reconstituted with spliced XBP1; genetic rescue; cytokine measurement

    PMID:12612580

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether XBP1 controls other hematopoietic lineages was unknown
    • direct transcriptional targets in plasma cells not identified
  3. 2005 High

    Showing that XBP1u protein is constitutively made and rapidly degraded by the proteasome revealed a built-in dampening mechanism that prevents inappropriate UPR activation in unstressed cells.

    Evidence Protein stability assays, proteasome inhibitors, C-terminal mutagenesis, reconstitution of XBP1−/− MEFs

    PMID:16332684

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the E3 ligase(s) targeting XBP1u was unknown
    • whether XBP1u has its own signaling functions was not addressed
  4. 2007 High

    Genome-wide ChIP mapping of XBP1 binding sites revealed a core set of ER-function target genes shared across tissues plus tissue-specific targets including the differentiation regulator Mist1, establishing XBP1 as a context-dependent transcriptional organizer.

    Evidence ChIP-chip, microarray expression profiling, reporter assays in skeletal muscle and secretory cells

    PMID:17612490

    Open questions at the time
    • Tissue-specific cofactors enabling differential target selection were unidentified
    • chromatin-level mechanisms of target selectivity unknown
  5. 2009 High

    Identification of XBP1s as a direct activator of C/EBPα in adipogenesis, and of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis for ER membrane expansion, extended XBP1's functional scope to lipid metabolism and developmental differentiation programs beyond stress response.

    Evidence XBP1-deficient MEFs and 3T3-L1 cells with isoform-specific rescue; promoter ChIP; phospholipid biosynthesis assays

    PMID:19420237 PMID:19490910

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether XBP1 directly transactivates phospholipid biosynthetic genes or acts indirectly was unclear
    • relationship between ER expansion and differentiation timing not resolved
  6. 2014 High

    Discovery that XBP1 forms a transcriptional complex with HIF1α to co-regulate hypoxia-responsive genes in triple-negative breast cancer revealed a non-canonical partnership through which XBP1 drives tumorigenicity independently of canonical ER stress.

    Evidence ChIP-seq, Co-IP, RNA Pol II recruitment assays, XBP1 depletion in TNBC models

    PMID:24670641

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of the XBP1–HIF1α interaction undefined
    • whether this complex operates in non-cancer hypoxic contexts was untested
  7. 2015 High

    A series of cell-type-specific knockouts collectively established that XBP1 is required for eosinophil granule protein maturation, osteoclast differentiation via NFATc1 transactivation, podocyte homeostasis via PI3K p85-dependent nuclear import, and polycystin-1 maturation—each representing a distinct tissue-autonomous function.

    Evidence Eosinophil-specific, podocyte-specific, and osteoclast-lineage XBP1/IRE1α KO mice; ChIP at NFATc1 promoter; Co-IP of XBP1s with p85α/p85β; SEC63-XBP1 genetic epistasis and PC1 maturation rescue

    PMID:25754093 PMID:25844898 PMID:26147683 PMID:26193638

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether p85-mediated nuclear import is universal or podocyte-specific was unknown
    • mechanism by which XBP1 controls GPS cleavage of PC1 not fully resolved
  8. 2015 High

    DC-specific XBP1 deletion showed that lipid-peroxidation-driven XBP1 activation in tumor-associated dendritic cells causes pathological triglyceride accumulation and immune suppression, establishing XBP1 as a cell-intrinsic checkpoint limiting anti-tumor immunity.

    Evidence DC-specific XBP1 KO mice, nanoparticle-mediated XBP1 silencing, lipid accumulation and T cell functional assays

    PMID:26073941

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct lipogenic transcriptional targets of XBP1 in DCs not fully catalogued
    • applicability beyond ovarian cancer models untested
  9. 2016 Medium

    Identification of PIN1 as a phosphorylation-dependent stabilizer of XBP1s revealed a post-translational layer of regulation and a negative-feedback loop wherein XBP1s represses PIN1 transcription via p53.

    Evidence Co-IP of PIN1 with XBP1s, phosphorylation-dependent interaction assays, PIN1 KD/KO, XBP1s stability assays

    PMID:27334111

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific phosphorylation site(s) on XBP1s recognized by PIN1 not mapped
    • single-lab finding without independent confirmation
  10. 2017 High

    Demonstrating that XBP1u stabilizes MDM2 by blocking its self-ubiquitination—thereby promoting p53 degradation and cell-cycle progression—revealed the first major oncogenic function attributable specifically to the unspliced isoform.

    Evidence shRNA screen, Co-IP of XBP1u with MDM2, domain mapping, ubiquitination assays, cell cycle analysis

    PMID:29057323

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo tumorigenesis models testing XBP1u-MDM2 axis not provided
    • stoichiometry and structural basis of the interaction unknown
  11. 2018 High

    Three studies collectively defined upstream and downstream wiring: MYC directly induces IRE1 and co-activates transcription with XBP1s; XBP1s induces five PDIs to control oxidative proinsulin folding in β cells; and RtcB was identified as the RNA ligase completing XBP1 splicing, with CNP and RtcA acting as opposing regulators of the ligation substrate.

    Evidence ChIP for MYC at IRE1 locus and Co-IP with XBP1; β-cell-specific IRE1α CKO and PDI reconstitution; in vitro XBP1 splicing reconstitution with RtcB/CNP/RtcA manipulation

    PMID:29480818 PMID:29507125 PMID:30355738

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contributions of CNP vs. RtcA in vivo not quantified
    • whether MYC-XBP1 co-regulation operates in normal (non-cancer) physiology unclear
  12. 2018 High

    Showing that XBP1 activation in tumor-infiltrating T cells suppresses mitochondrial respiration by limiting glutamine transporter abundance established a metabolic checkpoint through which ER stress impairs anti-tumor T cell function.

    Evidence XBP1-deficient T cells, metabolic flux and mitochondrial respiration assays, glutamine transporter expression, mouse ovarian cancer model and human specimens

    PMID:30305738

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the specific XBP1-repressed glutamine transporter gene was not pinpointed until later work
    • whether this mechanism operates in other tumor types was untested
  13. 2020 High

    Discovery that AKT phosphorylates IRE1 at S724 to promote XBP1 splicing in the fed state, while XBP1u activates gluconeogenic genes during fasting, established the two XBP1 isoforms as metabolic switches controlling opposing hepatic metabolic programs.

    Evidence In vitro kinase assay, liver-specific XBP1 KO/reexpression, isoform-specific overexpression in primary hepatocytes and mice

    PMID:35863429

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other kinases besides AKT phosphorylate IRE1 S724 in vivo unclear
    • XBP1u gluconeogenic mechanism (direct vs. indirect) not fully resolved
  14. 2020 High

    ChIP-seq in liver revealed that XBP1s directly binds a 12-hour oscillatory cistrome controlling rate-limiting metabolic genes, and that liver-specific XBP1 loss disrupts ultradian rhythms, membrane fluidity, and lipid remodeling, promoting spontaneous NAFLD.

    Evidence Liver-specific XBP1 KO mice, ChIP-seq, 12-hour rhythmicity analysis, phospholipid and membrane fluidity assays

    PMID:33277471

    Open questions at the time
    • What entrains XBP1s to a 12-hour cycle rather than circadian rhythm is unknown
    • relationship to circadian clock machinery not defined
  15. 2021 High

    Identification of XBP1u as a direct binding partner of β-catenin that promotes its ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation independently of GSK-3β expanded the non-transcriptional repertoire of the unspliced isoform to Wnt pathway regulation and vascular calcification suppression.

    Evidence Co-IP, domain mapping (aa 205–230), ubiquitination assays, smooth-muscle-cell-specific XBP1 KO mice, β-catenin knockdown rescue

    PMID:34870453

    Open questions at the time
    • E3 ligase mediating XBP1u-promoted β-catenin ubiquitination not identified
    • whether this function is conserved outside vascular smooth muscle unknown
  16. 2022 High

    Demonstrating that IRE1 phosphorylates Pumilio, which then selectively protects spliced XBP1 mRNA from IRE1's own RIDD activity, revealed a built-in selectivity mechanism ensuring the productive splicing product survives the destructive arm of IRE1 signaling.

    Evidence Drosophila genetics, RNA pull-down, in vitro kinase assay (hIRE1 phosphorylating Pumilio), RIDD and mRNA stability assays, Pumilio phospho-mutant analysis

    PMID:35332141

    Open questions at the time
    • Conservation of Pumilio-mediated protection in mammalian systems not demonstrated in vivo
    • specific Pumilio phosphorylation sites not fully characterized
  17. 2022 Medium

    Two studies showed XBP1 controls cholesterol metabolism: XBP1u stabilizes SREBP2 to drive HMGCR-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis in HCC, while XBP1 in cancer cells promotes cholesterol secretion via extracellular vesicles that activate immunosuppressive MDSCs.

    Evidence Co-IP of XBP1u with SREBP2, ubiquitination assays, HMGCR reporter; XBP1 genetic/pharmacological depletion, EV cholesterol assays, MDSC functional assays, in vivo tumor models

    PMID:35933495 PMID:36351432

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether XBP1u-SREBP2 stabilization is direct or involves bridging factors unknown
    • mechanism linking XBP1 to vesicular cholesterol loading not resolved
  18. 2024 High

    Demonstrating that IL-23 activates IRE1α/XBP1 in ILC3s through mitochondrial ROS, and that this is required for IL-22 production and mucosal immunity, extended XBP1's immune functions to innate lymphoid cells and mucosal defense.

    Evidence ILC3-specific IRE1α KO mice, IL-23 stimulation, mtROS manipulation, IL-22 measurement, human IBD specimens, IRE1 inhibitor studies

    PMID:38722686

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct transcriptional targets of XBP1 in ILC3s not mapped
    • how mtROS activates IRE1α mechanistically not defined

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Despite extensive characterization of tissue-specific functions, the structural basis of XBP1's interactions with diverse transcriptional partners (HIF1α, Foxo1, MYC), the E3 ligases targeting XBP1u and its binding partners (β-catenin, MDM2), and the in vivo relevance of Pumilio-mediated spliced mRNA protection in mammals remain unresolved.
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure of XBP1 or its complexes
  • E3 ligases for XBP1u-mediated substrate degradation unidentified
  • mammalian in vivo validation of Pumilio-XBP1 mRNA protection lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 13 GO:0003677 DNA binding 9 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 6 GO:0005829 cytosol 3
Pathway
R-HSA-74160 Gene expression (Transcription) 8 R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 5 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3 R-HSA-8953854 Metabolism of RNA 3
Partners
CTNNB1FOXO1HIF1AMDM2MYCPIK3R1PIK3R2PIN1

Evidence

Reading pass · 43 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 XBP1 mRNA is a substrate of IRE1 endoribonuclease: upon ER stress, IRE1 performs unconventional cytoplasmic splicing of XBP1 pre-mRNA, producing a frameshift that generates a highly active transcription factor (spliced XBP1); unspliced XBP1 mRNA is also transcriptionally induced by ATF6. Only the spliced form efficiently activates UPR target genes. Molecular cloning, mRNA splicing assays, reporter gene assays, identification of ATF6 as transcriptional inducer of XBP1 Cell High 11779464
2003 IRE1-mediated splicing of XBP1 mRNA is required for plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production; signals from B cell differentiation (IL-4 controls XBP1 transcription; immunoglobulin synthesis controls post-transcriptional XBP1 processing); spliced XBP1 also controls IL-6 production essential for plasma cell survival. XBP1-/- mouse B cells reconstituted with spliced XBP1; genetic rescue experiments; cytokine measurement Nature immunology High 12612580
2005 Unspliced XBP1 (XBP1u) protein is constitutively synthesized and rapidly degraded by proteasomal mechanisms (both ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent); the C-terminus of XBP1u mediates its cytoplasmic trafficking and rapid degradation; XBP1u degradation prevents uncontrolled UPR activation. Protein stability assays, proteasome inhibitor treatment, mutagenesis of XBP1u C-terminus, reconstitution of XBP1-/- MEFs with XBP1u stability mutants The Journal of biological chemistry High 16332684
2007 Genome-wide mapping of XBP1 transcriptional targets in skeletal muscle and secretory cells identified a core group of ER function genes regulated in all cell types, plus tissue-specific targets; XBP1 regulates distinct target sets through different sequence motifs; XBP1 directly targets Mist1 (a regulator of differentiation), linking XBP1 loss-of-function to developmental defects. Genome-wide ChIP, microarray expression profiling, reporter assays Molecular cell High 17612490
2009 The IRE1α-XBP1 pathway is required for adipogenesis: C/EBPβ directly binds the Xbp1 promoter to induce its expression; spliced XBP1 then binds the Cebpa promoter to activate C/EBPα expression; only spliced XBP1 rescues adipogenic defects in XBP1-deficient cells. XBP1-deficient MEFs and XBP1/IRE1α knockdown 3T3-L1 cells; promoter ChIP; rescue with spliced vs. unspliced XBP1 Cell metabolism High 19490910
2009 Spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) augments the CDP-choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and drives ER membrane biogenesis; ATF6α can also drive ER expansion and PtdCho biosynthesis independently of XBP1s, through partially distinct mechanisms. Overexpression of constitutively active ATF6α or XBP1s; phospholipid biosynthesis assays; ER morphology analysis; XBP1-deficient cells Journal of cell science High 19420237
2012 miR-30c-2* (miR-30c-2-3p) is induced by the PERK pathway of the UPR and directly suppresses XBP1 expression post-transcriptionally, thereby limiting the magnitude of XBP1-mediated adaptive UPR gene expression and influencing cell fate. miRNA overexpression/inhibition, reporter assays, PERK pathway genetic manipulation, UPR target gene expression analysis The Journal of cell biology Medium 22431749
2014 XBP1 drives triple-negative breast cancer tumorigenicity by forming a transcriptional complex with HIF1α that recruits RNA polymerase II to regulate HIF1α target genes; genome-wide mapping defined this XBP1-HIF1α regulatory network. ChIP-seq, Co-IP, RNA pol II recruitment assays, XBP1 depletion in TNBC models, patient cohort analysis Nature High 24670641
2015 XBP1 activation in tumor-associated dendritic cells (driven by lipid peroxidation byproducts) induces a triglyceride biosynthetic program leading to abnormal lipid accumulation and inhibition of DC immunostimulatory capacity; DC-specific XBP1 deletion restores anti-tumor T cell responses. DC-specific XBP1 deletion mouse model, nanoparticle-mediated XBP1 silencing, lipid accumulation assays, T cell functional assays Cell High 26073941
2015 Nuclear translocation of spliced XBP1 (sXBP1) is impaired in diabetic nephropathy podocytes; sXBP1 lies downstream of insulin receptor/PI3K p85α/p85β signaling; interaction of sXBP1 with p85α and p85β is required for its nuclear translocation and podocyte homeostasis; disruption promotes ATF6/CHOP-mediated maladaptive ER stress. Podocyte-specific XBP1 KO mice, insulin receptor/p85 KO models, Co-IP of sXBP1 with p85 subunits, nuclear fractionation Nature communications High 25754093
2015 XBP1 is selectively required for eosinophil differentiation: eosinophil progenitors selectively activate IRE1α and splice Xbp1 mRNA without inducing parallel ER stress pathways; without XBP1, nascent eosinophils show massive defects in post-translational maturation of granule proteins. XBP1-deficient mouse models, lineage-specific analysis, granule protein maturation assays, IRE1α activation assays Nature immunology High 26147683
2015 SEC63 exists in a complex with polycystin-1 (PC1) and with IRE1α; SEC63 deficiency selectively activates IRE1α-XBP1; XBP1 is required for GPS cleavage and maturation of PC1; enforced XBP1s expression enhances PC1 GPS cleavage and ameliorates cystic disease. Murine genetic models with combined SEC63/XBP1 inactivation, Co-IP of SEC63 with PC1, XBP1s overexpression, in vivo cystic phenotype rescue The Journal of clinical investigation High 25844898
2015 IRE1α/XBP1 signaling regulates osteoclastogenesis: XBP1 directly binds the NFATc1 promoter and induces its transcription; IRE1α activation during osteoclastogenesis is partially dependent on Ca2+ oscillations mediated by IP3 receptors ITPR2 and ITPR3; conditional IRE1α ablation in bone marrow increases bone mass due to defective osteoclastic bone resorption. ChIP for XBP1 binding at NFATc1 promoter; conditional IRE1α KO mice; pharmacological/genetic inhibition of ITPR2/3; osteoclast differentiation assays The Journal of clinical investigation High 26193638
2016 The PERK-ATF4 pathway enhances IRE1α-XBP1 signaling by inducing IRE1α expression under ER stress, increasing the splicing ratio of XBP1 mRNA and prolonging the duration of pathway activation. IRE1α expression measurement under PERK/ATF4 pathway activation, XBP1 splicing ratio assays, genetic manipulation of PERK pathway Scientific reports Medium 27052593
2017 XBP1 binds the IL-6 promoter and activates its expression; IRE1α RNase activity is required for IL-6 induction; activated IRE1α/XBP1 pathway promotes melanoma cell proliferation via autocrine/paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling. ChIP for XBP1 at IL-6 promoter, IRE1α RNase inhibition, ectopic XBP1s expression, JAK/STAT3 pathway analysis Journal of translational medicine Medium 28222747
2017 LOXL2 accumulates in the ER and interacts with HSPA5 (BiP), leading to IRE1-XBP1 pathway activation; XBP1 then directly transcriptionally activates EMT transcription factors SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB2, and TCF3; IRE1 inhibition blocks LOXL2-dependent EMT. Co-IP of LOXL2 with HSPA5, ChIP for XBP1 at EMT-TF promoters, IRE1 inhibitor experiments, LOXL2 overexpression Scientific reports Medium 28332555
2017 Unspliced XBP1 (XBP1-u) stabilizes MDM2 protein by binding to it (via its unique C-terminal degradation domain) and inhibiting MDM2 self-ubiquitination, thereby enhancing p53 ubiquitination and degradation, downregulating p21, and promoting cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. shRNA library screen, Co-IP of XBP1-u with MDM2, ubiquitination assays, domain mapping, cell cycle analysis Science advances High 29057323
2018 IRE1α-XBP1 activation in ovarian cancer-infiltrating T cells suppresses mitochondrial respiration and IFNγ production by limiting glutamine carrier abundance, restricting glutamine influx needed for mitochondrial respiration under glucose-depleted conditions; XBP1-deficient T cells show transcriptional reprogramming and improved anti-tumor effector capacity. XBP1-deficient T cells, metabolic flux assays, glutamine transporter expression analysis, mitochondrial respiration assays, patient specimen analysis, mouse OvCa model Nature High 30305738
2018 MYC directly controls IRE1 transcription by binding to its promoter and enhancer; MYC also forms a transcriptional complex with spliced XBP1 and enhances its transcriptional activity; XBP1 is a synthetic lethal partner of MYC. ChIP for MYC at IRE1 promoter/enhancer, Co-IP of MYC with XBP1, synthetic lethality screen, patient-derived xenograft models The Journal of clinical investigation High 29480818
2018 IRE1α-XBP1 pathway in pancreatic β cells regulates oxidative proinsulin folding by inducing expression of five protein disulfide isomerases (PDI, PDIR, P5, ERp44, ERp46); IRE1α CKO mice exhibit diabetic phenotype with decreased insulin secretion and impaired proinsulin folding; reconstitution of the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway restores PDI expression, proinsulin content, and insulin secretion. β cell-specific Ire1α conditional KO mice, Cre-loxP insulinoma cell lines, PDI expression assays, proinsulin folding assays, IRE1α-XBP1 reconstitution The Journal of cell biology High 29507125
2018 The RNA ligation step of XBP1 mRNA splicing is performed by RtcB ligase; CNP (2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase) suppresses RtcB-mediated XBP1 splicing by hydrolyzing the 2',3'-cyclic phosphate on cleaved exon termini; RtcA (RNA 3'-terminal cyclase) facilitates splicing by converting 2'-phosphate back to 2',3'-cyclic phosphate; mammalian Trpt1 does not contribute to XBP1 splicing. In vitro XBP1 splicing assays, CNP/RtcA/Trpt1 genetic manipulation in mouse and human cell lines The Journal of biological chemistry High 30355738
2019 Functional XBP1 directly transactivates PTGS2 (Cox-2) and PTGES (mPGES-1) genes to enable optimal prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in myeloid cells; IRE1α-deficient or XBP1-deficient myeloid cells show compromised inducible PGE2 biosynthesis; mice lacking IRE1α-XBP1 in leukocytes show reduced pain behaviors in PGE2-dependent pain models. Myeloid-specific IRE1α/XBP1 KO mice, ChIP/reporter assays for XBP1 binding at PTGS2/PTGES promoters, PGE2 ELISA, in vivo pain behavioral assays Science High 31320508
2019 TLR/MyD88 signaling in skeletal muscle activates XBP1 (downstream of IRE1α) to promote muscle wasting during cancer cachexia; muscle-specific XBP1 deletion ameliorates muscle wasting; overexpression of active XBP1 causes myotube atrophy. Muscle-specific XBP1 KO mice, LLC tumor-bearing cachexia model, adenoviral XBP1 overexpression in myotubes, siRNA knockdown Molecular and cellular biology High 31138662
2020 Insulin-activated AKT directly phosphorylates IRE1 at S724, promoting XBP1u mRNA splicing to generate XBP1s in the liver; XBP1s stimulates lipogenic gene expression; conversely, XBP1u (predominant in fasting) increases PKA-stimulated gluconeogenic gene (G6pc, Pck1) expression and glucose production; the two isoforms thus regulate opposing metabolic programs in fed vs. fasted states. AKT kinase assay for IRE1 S724 phosphorylation, liver-specific XBP1 KO/reexpression, XBP1u/s overexpression in primary hepatocytes and mice, gluconeogenic gene expression assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 35863429
2020 XBP1s binds to the hepatic 12-hour cistrome to directly regulate 12-hour oscillatory transcription of rate-limiting metabolic genes; liver-specific XBP1 ablation disrupts the hepatic 12-hour clock and promotes spontaneous NAFLD; XBP1 loss reduces membrane fluidity and impairs fatty acid monounsaturated and phospholipid remodeling pathways. Liver-specific XBP1 KO mice, ChIP-seq mapping of XBP1s binding sites, 12-hour rhythmicity analysis, phospholipid and membrane fluidity assays Nature communications High 33277471
2021 Unspliced XBP1 (XBP1u) directly binds β-catenin via amino acids 205-230 in its C-terminal degradation domain, promoting β-catenin ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation (independently of GSK-3β), thereby inhibiting β-catenin/TCF-mediated Runx2 and Msx2 transcription and suppressing vascular calcification. Interactome analysis, Co-IP, domain mapping (aa 205-230), ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation assays, smooth muscle cell-specific XBP1 KO mice, β-catenin knockdown rescue Circulation research High 34870453
2021 IRE1α-XBP1 signaling in myofibers promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through a cell non-autonomous mechanism by augmenting satellite cell proliferation via Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway. Myofiber-specific IRE1α/XBP1 KO mice, ex vivo myofiber satellite cell cultures, Notch and NF-κB pathway analysis, mdx muscular dystrophy model eLife High 34812145
2021 XBP1 directly represses PUMA (a pro-apoptotic gene) and IRE1 mRNA expression during the UPR, representing a novel feedback repressive role that promotes cell survival and limits apoptosis. XBP1s-inducible human cell line, XBP1 silencing during pharmacological ER stress, next-generation RNA sequencing, bioinformatic analysis of XBP1-binding motifs, PUMA protein/cell death assays Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 34636989
2021 XBP1 regulates macrophage BNIP3 transcription by directly binding to the Bnip3 promoter (shown by ChIP), inhibiting BNIP3-mediated mitophagy, thereby promoting mitochondrial DNA cytosolic leakage and cGAS/STING/NLRP3 activation, contributing to liver fibrosis. ChIP assay for XBP1 binding at Bnip3 promoter, myeloid-specific XBP1 KO mice, RNA sequencing, STING/NLRP3 pathway analysis, mitophagy assays JHEP reports Medium 36185574
2022 Unspliced XBP1 (XBP1-u) colocalizes with SREBP2 and inhibits its ubiquitination/proteasomal degradation, stabilizing SREBP2 to activate HMGCR transcription and enhance cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Co-IP/colocalization of XBP1-u with SREBP2, ubiquitination assays, HMGCR promoter activity, XBP1-u KD/OE in HCC cells Cellular and molecular life sciences Medium 35933495
2022 Spliced XBP1 in macrophages directly binds the NLRP3 promoter and enhances its activity (shown by luciferase reporter assay), promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and contributing to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Luciferase reporter assay for XBP1 binding at NLRP3 promoter, XBP1 siRNA knockdown in TCMK-1 cells, in vivo renal IRI model Cell death discovery Medium 36801911
2022 XBP1 in cancer cells promotes cholesterol synthesis and secretion via small extracellular vesicles; cholesterol is internalized by MDSCs through macropinocytosis, activating MDSCs and causing immunosuppression; XBP1 depletion reduces MDSC abundance and triggers anti-tumor responses. XBP1 genetic/pharmacological depletion in cancer cells, extracellular vesicle isolation, cholesterol content measurement, MDSC functional assays, in vivo tumor models Cell metabolism High 36351432
2022 IRE1 phosphorylates Pumilio (RNA-binding protein) in a kinase-dependent manner during ER stress; phosphorylated Pumilio then binds Xbp1-spliced mRNA and protects it from RIDD (regulated IRE1-dependent decay), selectively stabilizing the spliced XBP1 product. Drosophila genetics, RNA pull-down of Pumilio with Xbp1 mRNAs, in vitro kinase assay (hIRE1 phosphorylating Pumilio), RIDD assay, Pumilio phospho-mutant analysis Nature communications High 35332141
2022 XBP1 macrophage signaling inhibits hepatic IRI: macrophage Foxo1 colocalizes with XBP1 and activates target gene Zc3h15; XBP1 functions as a transcriptional coactivator of Foxo1 in regulating NOD1-driven liver inflammation and calcineurin/TRPM7-induced cell death. Myeloid-specific RIPK3/Foxo1 KO mice, ChIP-seq (Foxo1 colocalized with XBP1), adoptive macrophage transfer, hepatocyte/macrophage co-culture JHEP reports Medium 37841640
2023 Spliced XBP1 overexpression in the aged hippocampus restores synaptic function and reduces cell senescence; IRE1 genetic disruption accelerates age-related cognitive decline; XBP1 regulates expression of synaptic factors and proteostasis pathways in the brain. IRE1 KO mouse cognitive assays, XBP1 active form overexpression in aged mice, hippocampal proteomic profiling The EMBO journal Medium 36314651
2023 In T cells in multiple myeloma, XBP1 directly binds the SLC38A2 (glutamine transporter) promoter and inhibits its expression, resulting in decreased glutamine uptake and immune dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing, ChIP/promoter binding assay for XBP1 at SLC38A2 promoter, SLC38A2 silencing, glutamine uptake assays Cancer letters Medium 37054944
2023 Overexpression of XBP1 increases Hrd1 (E3 ubiquitin ligase) expression; Hrd1 then interacts with and ubiquitinates Nrf2, promoting its degradation and increasing cell susceptibility to ferroptosis in diabetic nephropathy context; shown by Co-IP and ubiquitylation assays. Co-IP of Hrd1 with Nrf2, ubiquitylation assay, XBP1 overexpression, ferroptosis assays in HK-2 cells and DN mouse model Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Medium 37224754
2024 IRE1α/XBP1 signaling in ILC3s is selectively activated by IL-23 through mitochondrial ROS (mtROS); this activation is required for cytokine (IL-22) production by ILC3s; Ire1α deletion in ILC3s (Ire1αΔRorc mice) renders mice highly susceptible to infections and colitis. ILC3-specific Ire1α KO mice, IL-23 stimulation assays, mtROS manipulation, IL-22 cytokine measurement, human IBD specimens, IRE1 inhibitor studies The Journal of clinical investigation High 38722686
2016 PIN1 prolyl isomerase interacts with spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes XBP1s stability; PIN1 depletion reduces XBP1s expression and inhibits cell proliferation; XBP1s activates NF-κB, AP1, and Myc oncogenic pathways and also represses PIN1 transcription via p53 induction as a negative-feedback mechanism. Co-IP of PIN1 with XBP1s, phosphorylation-dependent interaction assays, PIN1 KD/KO, XBP1s stability measurement, oncogenic pathway reporter assays The Biochemical journal Medium 27334111
2018 Spliced XBP1 upregulates eNOS (NOS3) mRNA through 3'UTR-mediated stabilization and increased translation; XBP1s, Akt, and eNOS form a protein complex (shown by Co-IP), resulting in Akt and eNOS nuclear relocation; miR-24 participates in XBP1s-induced eNOS upregulation; XBP1 splicing triggered by wounding promotes endothelial cell migration. Co-IP of XBP1s/Akt/eNOS complex, immunofluorescence nuclear colocalization, XBP1s overexpression/IRE1α knockdown, 3'UTR reporter assay, wound healing/migration assays Experimental cell research Medium 29352987
2009 IRE1α controls cyclin A1 expression through XBP1: IRE1α activity correlates positively with cell proliferation; XBP1 siRNA knockdown slows proliferation; genome-wide expression analysis identified cyclin A1 as the only differentially expressed cell cycle gene downstream of IRE1α/XBP1. Molecular/chemical genetic IRE1α control, siRNA XBP1 knockdown, genome-wide mRNA expression, cyclin A1/cyclin A protein level assays Cell stress & chaperones Medium 20013084
2015 Spliced XBP1 promotes macrophage autophagy; transient XBP1s overexpression induces autophagy and proliferation, whereas sustained overexpression leads to apoptosis; XBP1s interacts with Beclin-1 (Co-IP), and XBP1 downregulation ablates rapamycin-induced autophagosome formation. Adenoviral XBP1s overexpression, siRNA XBP1 knockdown, Co-IP of XBP1s with Beclin-1, autophagy assays Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 26026678
2018 XBP1s promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by directly binding to the TAp73 promoter and suppressing its transcriptional activity; TAp73 overexpression cancels XBP1s-induced proliferation and colony formation. ChIP/promoter reporter for XBP1s at TAp73 promoter, XBP1s overexpression/knockdown, TAp73 rescue experiments Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 30473215

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2001 XBP1 mRNA is induced by ATF6 and spliced by IRE1 in response to ER stress to produce a highly active transcription factor. Cell 3312 11779464
2015 ER Stress Sensor XBP1 Controls Anti-tumor Immunity by Disrupting Dendritic Cell Homeostasis. Cell 744 26073941
2003 Plasma cell differentiation and the unfolded protein response intersect at the transcription factor XBP-1. Nature immunology 716 12612580
2014 XBP1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer by controlling the HIF1α pathway. Nature 697 24670641
2007 XBP1 controls diverse cell type- and condition-specific transcriptional regulatory networks. Molecular cell 686 17612490
2004 XBP1 is essential for survival under hypoxic conditions and is required for tumor growth. Cancer research 457 15342372
2018 IRE1α-XBP1 controls T cell function in ovarian cancer by regulating mitochondrial activity. Nature 345 30305738
2009 The IRE1alpha-XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response is required for adipogenesis. Cell metabolism 240 19490910
2009 ATF6alpha induces XBP1-independent expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum. Journal of cell science 234 19420237
2004 Hepatitis C virus suppresses the IRE1-XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response. The Journal of biological chemistry 193 14960590
2018 Pharmacological targeting of MYC-regulated IRE1/XBP1 pathway suppresses MYC-driven breast cancer. The Journal of clinical investigation 190 29480818
2015 Defective podocyte insulin signalling through p85-XBP1 promotes ATF6-dependent maladaptive ER-stress response in diabetic nephropathy. Nature communications 155 25754093
2015 The transcription factor XBP1 is selectively required for eosinophil differentiation. Nature immunology 151 26147683
2015 Targeting the IRE1α-XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response in human diseases. Seminars in cancer biology 148 25986851
2022 Cancer cell-intrinsic XBP1 drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumoral myeloid cells by promoting cholesterol production. Cell metabolism 139 36351432
2022 Role of XBP1 in regulating the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Journal of hepatology 114 35292349
2019 IRE1α-XBP1 signaling in leukocytes controls prostaglandin biosynthesis and pain. Science (New York, N.Y.) 110 31320508
2016 Novel mechanism of enhancing IRE1α-XBP1 signalling via the PERK-ATF4 pathway. Scientific reports 110 27052593
2018 IRE1-XBP1 pathway regulates oxidative proinsulin folding in pancreatic β cells. The Journal of cell biology 101 29507125
2005 Rapid turnover of unspliced Xbp-1 as a factor that modulates the unfolded protein response. The Journal of biological chemistry 101 16332684
2022 XBP1-mediated activation of the STING signalling pathway in macrophages contributes to liver fibrosis progression. JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology 99 36185574
2007 Unconventional splicing of XBP-1 mRNA in the unfolded protein response. Antioxidants & redox signaling 97 17979529
2023 Endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered ferroptosis via the XBP1-Hrd1-Nrf2 pathway induces EMT progression in diabetic nephropathy. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 95 37224754
2017 LOXL2 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition via activation of IRE1-XBP1 signalling pathway. Scientific reports 95 28332555
2012 MicroRNA-30c-2* limits expression of proadaptive factor XBP1 in the unfolded protein response. The Journal of cell biology 95 22431749
2010 Emerging roles for XBP1, a sUPeR transcription factor. Gene expression 95 21061914
2020 The emerging role of XBP1 in cancer. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 94 32294597
2014 XBP1 induces snail expression to promote epithelial- to-mesenchymal transition and invasion of breast cancer cells. Cellular signalling 89 25280941
2015 Involvement of the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway and XBP1s-dependent transcriptional reprogramming in metabolic diseases. DNA and cell biology 88 25216212
2015 MicroRNA-214 Is Upregulated in Heart Failure Patients and Suppresses XBP1-Mediated Endothelial Cells Angiogenesis. Journal of cellular physiology 83 25656649
2021 XBP1 regulates the protumoral function of tumor-associated macrophages in human colorectal cancer. Signal transduction and targeted therapy 78 34667145
2021 Unspliced XBP1 Counteracts β-Catenin to Inhibit Vascular Calcification. Circulation research 78 34870453
2016 XBP1: A Pivotal Transcriptional Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 78 26803729
2011 Stressed out about obesity: IRE1α-XBP1 in metabolic disorders. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 76 21703863
2018 ZIKV infection activates the IRE1-XBP1 and ATF6 pathways of unfolded protein response in neural cells. Journal of neuroinflammation 75 30241539
2009 From sugar to fat: How the transcription factor XBP1 regulates hepatic lipogenesis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 66 19751410
2015 XBP1 mitigates aminoglycoside-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuronal cell death. Cell death & disease 62 25973683
2022 Unfolded protein response IRE1/XBP1 signaling is required for healthy mammalian brain aging. The EMBO journal 61 36314651
2009 IRE1alpha controls cyclin A1 expression and promotes cell proliferation through XBP-1. Cell stress & chaperones 60 20013084
2019 Unravel the molecular mechanism of XBP1 in regulating the biology of cancer cells. Journal of Cancer 58 31205564
2017 IRE1α-XBP1 pathway promotes melanoma progression by regulating IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Journal of translational medicine 55 28222747
2015 IRE1α/XBP1-mediated branch of the unfolded protein response regulates osteoclastogenesis. The Journal of clinical investigation 53 26193638
2017 Neuroprotection by eIF2α-CHOP inhibition and XBP-1 activation in EAE/optic neuritiss. Cell death & disease 52 28726788
2020 Targeting the IRE1-XBP1 axis to overcome endocrine resistance in breast cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Cancer letters 51 32446861
2015 Sec63 and Xbp1 regulate IRE1α activity and polycystic disease severity. The Journal of clinical investigation 51 25844898
2020 XBP1 links the 12-hour clock to NAFLD and regulation of membrane fluidity and lipid homeostasis. Nature communications 50 33277471
2015 Hepatic Xbp1 Gene Deletion Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Liver Injury and Apoptosis. The Journal of biological chemistry 47 26504083
2019 The Toll-Like Receptor/MyD88/XBP1 Signaling Axis Mediates Skeletal Muscle Wasting during Cancer Cachexia. Molecular and cellular biology 46 31138662
2017 Identification of XBP1-u as a novel regulator of the MDM2/p53 axis using an shRNA library. Science advances 45 29057323
2020 Intersection of the ATF6 and XBP1 ER stress pathways in mouse islet cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 32788214
2024 CircPDIA3/miR-449a/XBP1 feedback loop curbs pyroptosis by inhibiting palmitoylation of the GSDME-C domain to induce chemoresistance of colorectal cancer. Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy 43 38861804
2016 IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway, a potential therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Leukemia research 43 27518808
2020 TNFα selectively activates the IRE1α/XBP1 endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in human airway smooth muscle cells. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 41 31940218
2020 Protein Palmitoylation Regulates Cell Survival by Modulating XBP1 Activity in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Molecular therapy oncolytics 40 33024813
2022 Spliced or Unspliced, That Is the Question: The Biological Roles of XBP1 Isoforms in Pathophysiology. International journal of molecular sciences 38 35269888
2023 XBP1 modulates endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria crosstalk via regulating NLRP3 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell death discovery 37 36801911
2017 The requirement of IRE1 and XBP1 in resolving physiological stress during Drosophila development. Journal of cell science 36 28775151
2015 Epithelial Xbp1 is required for cellular proliferation and differentiation during mammary gland development. Molecular and cellular biology 36 25713103
2020 Systemic Delivery of Aptamer-Conjugated XBP1 siRNA Nanoparticles for Efficient Suppression of HER2+ Breast Cancer. ACS applied materials & interfaces 35 32613835
2021 Genome-wide mRNA profiling identifies X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) as an IRE1 and PUMA repressor. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 33 34636989
2022 Unspliced XBP1 contributes to cholesterol biosynthesis and tumorigenesis by stabilizing SREBP2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 32 35933495
2020 X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) function in diseases. Cell biology international 32 33325615
2021 Scutellarin ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation by enhancing autophagy and suppressing IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. Phytotherapy research : PTR 31 34859513
2020 Hepatocyte-specific deletion of XBP1 sensitizes mice to liver injury through hyperactivation of IRE1α. Cell death and differentiation 30 33219328
2022 Hyperlipidemia induces proinflammatory responses by activating STING pathway through IRE1α-XBP1 in retinal endothelial cells. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 29 36370931
2016 β-Asarone Inhibits IRE1/XBP1 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinsonian Rats. Neurochemical research 29 27097550
2009 Expression pattern of XBP1(S) in human B-cell lymphomas. Haematologica 29 19176362
2015 Spliced XBP1 promotes macrophage survival and autophagy by interacting with Beclin-1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 28 26026678
2024 Selenium nanoparticles alleviate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ferritinophagy via the XBP1/NCOA4 pathway. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 27 39061070
2023 The transcription factor XBP1 in dendritic cells promotes the TH2 cell response in airway allergy. Science signaling 27 37368951
2022 Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of XBP1 protects against APAP hepatotoxicity through the activation of autophagy. Cell death & disease 27 35145060
2020 Transcriptional regulation of PRKAR2B by miR-200b-3p/200c-3p and XBP1 in human prostate cancer. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 27 31986411
2020 MiR-34a-5p inhibits fibroblast‑like synoviocytes proliferation via XBP1. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 27 33275235
2020 SIRT1 alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via the miR-182-mediated XBP1/NLRP3 pathway. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 27 33664991
2017 PERK and XBP1 differentially regulate CXCL10 and CCL2 production. Experimental eye research 27 28065589
2020 IRE1α Promotes Zika Virus Infection via XBP1. Viruses 26 32138181
2013 Unfolded protein response inducers tunicamycin and dithiothreitol promote myeloma cell differentiation mediated by XBP-1. Clinical and experimental medicine 26 24356728
2021 XBP1- IGFBP3 Signaling Pathway Promotes NSCLC Invasion and Metastasis. Frontiers in oncology 25 34094948
2022 Pumilio protects Xbp1 mRNA from regulated Ire1-dependent decay. Nature communications 23 35332141
2022 Regulatory network of BLIMP1, IRF4, and XBP1 triad in plasmacytic differentiation and multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Cellular immunology 23 36081178
2023 Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals XBP1-SLC38A2 axis as a metabolic regulator in cytotoxic T lymphocytes in multiple myeloma. Cancer letters 22 37054944
2023 Macrophage RIPK3 triggers inflammation and cell death via the XBP1-Foxo1 axis in liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury. JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology 22 37841640
2022 Activation of the canonical ER stress IRE1-XBP1 pathway by insulin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. The Journal of biological chemistry 22 35863429
2019 IRE1-XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required during Early Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts. International journal of molecular sciences 22 31888027
2024 The IRE1α/XBP1 pathway sustains cytokine responses of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in inflammatory bowel disease. The Journal of clinical investigation 21 38722686
2022 IRE1/XBP1 and endoplasmic reticulum signaling - from basic to translational research for cardiovascular disease. Current opinion in physiology 21 37207249
2016 Targeting XBP1-mediated β-catenin expression associated with bladder cancer with newly synthetic Oridonin analogues. Oncotarget 21 27472396
2015 X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) enhances colorectal cancer cell invasion. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) 20 25692573
2021 The IRE1/XBP1 signaling axis promotes skeletal muscle regeneration through a cell non-autonomous mechanism. eLife 19 34812145
2020 Intracellular XBP1-IL-24 axis dismantles cytotoxic unfolded protein response in the liver. Cell death & disease 19 31907348
2018 XBP1-s promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting TAp73 transcriptional activity. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 30473215
2017 The Multiple Roles of XBP1 in Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Current protein & peptide science 19 27356931
2019 XBP1 signalling is essential for alleviating mutant protein aggregation in ER-stress related skeletal disease. PLoS genetics 18 31260448
2017 TLR7-mediated activation of XBP1 correlates with the IFNα production in humans. Cytokine 18 28408069
2016 Critical role of XBP1 in cancer signalling is regulated by PIN1. The Biochemical journal 18 27334111
2022 UPR Responsive Genes Manf and Xbp1 in Stroke. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 17 35783104
2021 Cell cycle-independent integration of stress signals by Xbp1 promotes Non-G1/G0 quiescence entry. The Journal of cell biology 17 34694336
2018 The cyclic phosphodiesterase CNP and RNA cyclase RtcA fine-tune noncanonical XBP1 splicing during ER stress. The Journal of biological chemistry 17 30355738
2012 Intricately Regulated: A Cellular Toolbox for Fine-Tuning XBP1 Expression and Activity. Cells 16 24710528
2018 The interaction between XBP1 and eNOS contributes to endothelial cell migration. Experimental cell research 15 29352987