Affinage

WDHD1

WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 · UniProt O75717

Length
1129 aa
Mass
126.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 23 papers cited in narrative 23 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

WDHD1 (AND-1/Ctf4) is a multifunctional replisome scaffold protein that couples DNA unwinding to DNA synthesis, histone inheritance, and genome maintenance signaling at replication forks. It self-assembles into a homotrimer (or homodimer in some species) via its β-propeller/SepB domain and uses conserved CIP-binding sites on its helical extensions to simultaneously engage the CMG replicative helicase (via GINS subunit Sld5/Psf2) and DNA polymerase α-primase, thereby physically linking helicase-driven unwinding to lagging-strand priming and facilitating parental histone (H3-H4)₂ transfer to nascent lagging-strand DNA (PMID:24805245, PMID:31589141, PMID:30244834). Beyond its core replisome-coupling role, WDHD1 protects stalled replication forks from MRE11-dependent resection through its WD40 domain, promotes homologous recombination by recruiting CtIP to double-strand breaks, and activates the Fanconi anemia pathway at interstrand crosslink-stalled forks via ATR-dependent phosphorylation at T826 that recruits FANCM/FAAP24 (PMID:30082684, PMID:27940557, PMID:35867033). WDHD1 additionally contributes to centromeric heterochromatin maintenance by stabilizing Dicer association with centromeric RNA and promoting HP1α localization, and its transcription is positively regulated by STAT3 and negatively regulated by ZBTB16 (PMID:21266480, PMID:33413624, PMID:38654107).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2007 High

    The foundational question of how DNA polymerase α-primase is loaded onto chromatin at replication origins was answered by showing that AND-1/Ctf4 bridges MCM2-7 (via Mcm10) to Pol α, establishing WDHD1 as a replisome coupling factor.

    Evidence Co-IP, Xenopus egg extract chromatin loading, siRNA knockdown in mammalian cells

    PMID:17761813

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct binding stoichiometry was not resolved
    • No structural detail on the bridging interface
    • Mechanism of Mcm10-dependent regulation unclear
  2. 2009 High

    Work in yeast confirmed that Ctf4 is an integral component of the replisome progression complex and directly mediates the GINS–Pol α interaction; in parallel, human AND-1 was shown to be phosphorylated by ATM/ATR upon replication stress and to interact with cohesin subunits, expanding its role beyond simple coupling to checkpoint signaling and sister chromatid cohesion.

    Evidence ChIP-chip, in vitro reconstitution of GINS–Ctf4–Pol α interaction, genetic epistasis (yeast); Co-IP, checkpoint assays, immunofluorescence (human cells)

    PMID:19439411 PMID:19496828 PMID:19661920

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of Ctf4 self-association was unknown
    • Relationship between checkpoint phosphorylation and coupling function not tested
    • Cohesin interaction mechanism not defined
  3. 2010 High

    Purified human Ctf4 was shown to directly stimulate Pol α and Pol ε activities in vitro and to bind template-primer DNA structures, establishing a direct enzymatic stimulation function beyond passive scaffolding.

    Evidence In vitro polymerase stimulation assay with purified proteins, DNA-binding assay, siRNA with DNA fiber analysis

    PMID:20089864

    Open questions at the time
    • Stimulation of Pol δ not observed in vitro despite interaction
    • Whether DNA-binding contributes to in vivo function untested
  4. 2011 Medium

    An unexpected non-replicative role emerged: WDHD1 associates with centromeres in S phase, stabilizes Dicer's association with centromeric RNA, promotes centromeric small ncRNA generation, and is required for HP1α localization and proper heterochromatin, linking the replisome scaffold to epigenetic maintenance.

    Evidence ChIP, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown, Dicer Co-IP, RNA analysis

    PMID:21266480

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct Dicer–WDHD1 binding domain not mapped
    • Not independently replicated
    • Whether this function operates through the trimer interface is unknown
  5. 2014 High

    The structural basis of replisome coupling was resolved: X-ray crystallography revealed Ctf4 forms a constitutive trimer with a β-propeller plus helical domain, and a conserved CIP motif shared by Pol α and GINS docks onto the helical extension, enabling one trimer to bind two Pol α molecules and one CMG helicase simultaneously.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, native mass spectrometry, mutagenesis, pulldown assays (yeast)

    PMID:24805245

    Open questions at the time
    • Human AND-1 trimer structure not yet determined
    • Whether all three CIP-binding sites are occupied in vivo was unclear
    • Role of WD40 and HMG domains not addressed structurally
  6. 2017 Medium

    Three distinct mechanistic advances occurred: (1) a stapled CIP peptide validated the Ctf4 CIP-binding groove as a druggable interface; (2) AND-1 was shown to promote homologous recombination by recruiting CtIP to DSBs in an MDC1/BRCA1/ATM-dependent manner; and (3) yeast Ctf4 was found to suppress DSB formation and end resection at arrested rDNA forks, revealing fork-protection functions.

    Evidence Stapled peptide crystallography and displacement assay; Co-IP, HR reporter assay, laser microirradiation; yeast genetics, ChIP, PFGE

    PMID:27940557 PMID:28525744 PMID:28815832

    Open questions at the time
    • Druggability in mammalian systems not demonstrated
    • Whether DSB repair and fork protection share a common AND-1 domain was unresolved
    • CtIP recruitment mechanism (direct vs. indirect) not fully defined
  7. 2018 High

    Two landmark studies delineated domain-specific functions: the Mcm2–Ctf4–Pol α axis was shown to direct parental histone (H3-H4)₂ transfer to lagging-strand DNA (epigenetic inheritance mechanism), while AND-1's WD40 domain was separately shown to protect stalled forks from MRE11-dependent resection, distinct from its HMG domain-dependent role in fast replication.

    Evidence SCAR-seq with separation-of-function mutants (yeast); inducible degron with DNA fiber analysis, MRE11 inhibitor epistasis, domain mutants (DT40 cells)

    PMID:30082684 PMID:30244834

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether histone transfer function is conserved in human AND-1 not shown
    • Structural basis of WD40-mediated fork protection unknown
    • How WD40 domain excludes MRE11 mechanistically unclear
  8. 2019 High

    Cryo-EM revealed a replication factory architecture: a Ctf4 trimer dimerizes two CMG helicases and positions one Pol α-primase centrally, establishing a model where sister replisomes are coupled and one primase can serve both forks.

    Evidence Cryo-electron microscopy, in vitro reconstitution, biochemical pulldown

    PMID:31589141

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo evidence for the 2CMG–Ctf4₃–1Pol α factory is lacking
    • Dynamics of Pol α exchange between sister forks unknown
    • CST complex's role in factory assembly not integrated
  9. 2021 Medium

    Transcriptional control of WDHD1 was established: STAT3 directly activates WDHD1 transcription, while pharmacological targeting via compounds (BZA, CH3) that bind the WD40 domain and promote CUL4B-mediated ubiquitination and degradation provided proof-of-concept for therapeutic AND-1 targeting.

    Evidence ChIP at WDHD1 promoter, siRNA/overexpression rescue; luciferase screen, direct binding assay, ubiquitination assay

    PMID:33413624 PMID:34923765

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether STAT3 regulation is context-specific (tissue, cell cycle) unknown
    • CUL4B-mediated degradation not validated in vivo
    • Selectivity of CH3 compound for AND-1 over other WD40 proteins not established
  10. 2022 Medium

    AND-1's role in DNA interstrand crosslink repair was mechanistically defined: ATR phosphorylates AND-1 at T826 upon ICL encounter, triggering an intramolecular conformational change that exposes an interaction surface for FANCM/FAAP24, recruiting these factors and activating the Fanconi anemia pathway.

    Evidence Co-IP, phospho-specific antibody, ChIP, phospho-mutant analysis, cisplatin sensitivity assays

    PMID:35867033

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of conformational change not determined
    • Not independently replicated
    • Whether T826 phosphorylation affects other AND-1 functions (e.g. fork protection) untested
  11. 2024 Medium

    ZBTB16 was identified as a direct transcriptional repressor of WDHD1, with epistasis experiments showing WDHD1 overexpression reverses ZBTB16-mediated proliferation arrest, completing a transcriptional regulatory axis (ZBTB16 ⊣ WDHD1 → S-phase progression).

    Evidence Luciferase reporter, shRNA knockdown, rescue experiments, xenograft model

    PMID:38654107

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether ZBTB16 regulation is direct at endogenous locus (ChIP-seq) not shown
    • Physiological contexts of ZBTB16-WDHD1 axis beyond lung adenocarcinoma unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include: (1) the atomic structure of human AND-1 trimer and how its WD40, SepB, and HMG domains integrate multiple functions; (2) whether the 2CMG–Ctf4₃ replication factory exists in vivo; (3) the mechanistic basis by which the WD40 domain blocks MRE11 access at stalled forks; and (4) the functional interplay between AND-1's roles in histone transfer, FA pathway activation, HR, and centromeric heterochromatin.
  • No full-length human AND-1 structure exists
  • In vivo factory stoichiometry unresolved
  • Integration of replication and repair functions into a unified model lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 6 GO:0005198 structural molecule activity 2 GO:0003677 DNA binding 1
Localization
GO:0005694 chromosome 4 GO:0005654 nucleoplasm 1
Pathway
R-HSA-69306 DNA Replication 8 R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 3 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 2
Partners
CDC45CTIPCUL4BFAAP24FANCMMCM10POLA1SLD5
Complex memberships
AND-1–FANCM–FAAP24 complexCMG–Ctf4–Pol α factory complexReplisome progression complex (RPC)

Evidence

Reading pass · 23 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2007 And-1/Ctf4 (WDHD1) interacts with Mcm10 (which associates with MCM2-7 helicase) and with the p180 subunit of DNA polymerase α, thereby bridging the MCM2-7 helicase to DNA pol α-primase at replication origins. And-1 is required for chromatin loading of DNA pol α and for efficient DNA synthesis in mammalian cells and Xenopus egg extracts. Co-immunoprecipitation, Xenopus egg extract chromatin loading assays, antibody interference experiments, siRNA knockdown in mammalian cells Genes & development High 17761813
2009 Ctf4 (WDHD1 ortholog in yeast) is a component of the replisome progression complex (RPC) that couples the MCM2-7/GINS DNA helicase to DNA polymerase α-primase. In ctf4Δ cells, GINS–Pol α interaction is destabilized, Pol α is unstable and absent from forks, and the replication checkpoint is activated. In vitro, Ctf4 mediates the interaction between GINS and Pol α directly. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, in vitro protein interaction assay, yeast genetic analysis, ChIP-chip Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms High 19496828
2009 Ctf4 is essential for coupling CMG helicase to DNA polymerase α at replication forks; cells lacking both Ctf4 and Mrc1 show chronic DNA damage checkpoint activation and fail to complete the cell cycle, indicating that coupling MCM2-7 to replicative polymerases is critical for chromosome replication. Genetic epistasis (double mutant analysis), chromatin immunoprecipitation, tandem affinity purification of replisome progression complex The EMBO journal High 19661920
2010 Human Ctf4 (hCtf4/WDHD1) exists as a dimer (with the SepB domain driving dimerization), binds preferentially to template-primer DNA structures, directly interacts with DNA polymerases α, δ, and ε, and markedly stimulates the polymerase activities of Pol α and Pol ε in vitro. Depletion of hCtf4 in HeLa cells causes G1/S phase arrest and slows DNA replication fork rates. Purified protein biochemistry (in vitro polymerase stimulation assay), DNA-binding assay, siRNA knockdown with DNA fiber analysis and FACS The Journal of biological chemistry High 20089864
2011 WDHD1 associates with centromeres in a cell cycle-dependent manner (mid-to-late S phase), is required for HP1α localization to pericentric heterochromatin, and promotes proper generation of centromeric small non-coding RNAs at the post-transcriptional level, likely by stabilizing Dicer association with centromeric RNA. WDHD1 down-regulation disrupts heterochromatic state of the centromere and causes defective mitosis. ChIP, immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown, RNA analysis, Dicer co-immunoprecipitation Nucleic acids research Medium 21266480
2013 Human Ctf4 (WDHD1) forms a complex with the CMG (Cdc45/MCM2-7/GINS) replicative helicase. The hCtf4–CMG complex contains homodimeric hCtf4 and one CMG complex, was isolated both from purified proteins in vitro and from HeLa cell chromatin, and exhibits DNA helicase activity that is more salt-resistant than CMG alone. Multiple CMG subunits contribute to hCtf4 binding. Purified protein interaction (in vitro reconstitution), co-infection of insect cells, HeLa chromatin immunoprecipitation, helicase assay Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 24255107
2014 Yeast Ctf4 (WDHD1 ortholog) self-assembles into a constitutive disk-shaped trimer via a β-propeller domain fused to a helical extension. Both DNA pol α (catalytic subunit N-terminal tail) and the GINS subunit Sld5 share a conserved Ctf4-binding motif (CIP) that docks onto the helical extension of a Ctf4 protomer. One Ctf4 trimer can simultaneously bind both Pol α and GINS, enabling coupling of two Pol α molecules to one CMG helicase. X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, native mass spectrometry, mutagenesis, pulldown assays Nature High 24805245
2015 RecQL4 helicase is required for the association of Mcm10 and Ctf4 (WDHD1) with replication origins in human cells. The Mcm10–Ctf4 interaction and their chromatin/origin association require the pre-replicative complex, CDK and DDK activities, and are inhibited by DNA damage checkpoint pathways. ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, kinase inhibitor treatment Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Medium 25602958
2017 Ctf4 (WDHD1 ortholog) suppresses DNA double-strand break formation and end resection at arrested replication forks in yeast rDNA. Loss of Ctf4 leads to increased DSB frequency, end resection, and HR-mediated repair prone to rDNA hyper-amplification, identifying Ctf4 as a key regulator of DSB end resection at arrested forks. Yeast genetics, ChIP, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, DSB assays Molecular cell Medium 28525744
2017 A stapled peptide encoding the Ctf4-interacting peptide (CIP) of Sld5 binds Ctf4 with submicromolar affinity and can displace DNA polymerase α from the replisome in yeast extracts. A crystal structure confirmed the mode of interaction. This validates the Ctf4 (AND-1/WDHD1) CIP-binding site as a druggable interface. Stapled peptide design, X-ray crystallography, yeast replisome pulldown competition assay, fluorescence polarization Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) Medium 28815832
2017 Human AND-1 (WDHD1) forms complexes with CtIP and other repair proteins, is recruited to DNA DSB sites in a manner dependent on MDC1, BRCA1, and ATM, and promotes homologous recombination repair by facilitating DSB end resection and CtIP recruitment. Loss of AND-1 reduces CtIP accumulation at DSBs, impairs Chk1 activation, and reduces HR efficiency. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, laser-induced DSB immunofluorescence, HR reporter assay Nucleic acids research Medium 27940557
2018 The Mcm2–Ctf4–Pol α axis facilitates transfer of parental histone (H3-H4)2 tetramers to lagging-strand DNA at replication forks. Mutations in the Mcm2 histone-binding domain or disruption of Ctf4–Pol α primase connections (via Ctf4 or Pol α primase mutants) result in enrichment of parental (H3-H4)2 on leading strand, demonstrating that the CMG–Ctf4–Pol α complex transfers parental histones to lagging-strand DNA. SCAR-seq (strand-specific histone deposition assay), yeast genetics with separation-of-function mutants, chromatin fractionation Molecular cell High 30244834
2018 AND-1/Ctf4 (WDHD1) has a fork protection function mediated by its WD40 domain that prevents MRE11-dependent resection of stalled replication forks and subsequent DSB formation in G2. Depletion of AND-1 causes ssDNA gap accumulation at fork junctions, DSBs in G2, and lethality; mirin (MRE11 inhibitor) rescues the resection and DSBs but not fork speed defects. The HMG box domain is required for fast replication but not proliferation. Inducible degron depletion in avian DT40 cells, DNA fiber assay, γH2AX/RPA immunofluorescence, MRE11 inhibitor epistasis, domain mutant analysis Nature communications High 30082684
2019 Ctf4 tightly dimerizes CMG helicase via an interface involving Psf2, Cdc45, and Sld5, while binding only one Pol α-primase. Cryo-EM structural analysis reveals a 2CMG–Ctf43–1Pol α-primase factory architecture where two CMG helicases nearly face each other with lagging strands toward the center and one Pol α-primase positioned centrally to prime both sister replisomes. Cryo-electron microscopy, in vitro reconstitution, biochemical pulldown assays eLife High 31589141
2019 Human CST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) complex promotes AND-1/Ctf4 (WDHD1) chromatin association and replisome assembly. CST directly interacts with AND-1, and CST depletion reduces AND-1 and Pol α chromatin loading, indicating CST functions upstream of AND-1 in replisome assembly. Co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin fractionation, siRNA knockdown, DNA fiber analysis Life science alliance Medium 30979824
2020 Sen1 transcription termination helicase is recruited to replisomes via direct binding to Ctf4 (WDHD1 ortholog) and Mrc1. The N-terminus of Sen1 is necessary and sufficient for replisome association. A separation-of-function mutant (sen1-3) that abolishes replisome binding without affecting transcription termination shows increased genome instability and recombination. Co-immunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid, genetic separation-of-function mutation, genome instability assays Cell reports Medium 32075754
2021 STAT3 transcription factor directly binds the promoter/upstream regulatory region of the WDHD1 gene and activates its transcription. STAT3 knockdown reduces WDHD1 expression and DNA replication, while STAT3 activation or overexpression increases WDHD1 and promotes DNA replication. ChIP of STAT3 at WDHD1 promoter, siRNA knockdown, ectopic expression, BrdU incorporation/DNA replication assays Cell & bioscience Medium 33413624
2021 Two And-1 (WDHD1) inhibitors, bazedoxifene acetate (BZA) and compound CH3, promote And-1 degradation. CH3 directly interacts with the And-1 WD40 domain, disrupts And-1 polymerization (trimerization), and promotes And-1 interaction with E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4B, leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of And-1. Luciferase reporter screen, direct protein binding assay, ubiquitination assay, co-immunoprecipitation, domain mutant analysis Clinical and translational medicine Medium 34923765
2022 And-1 (WDHD1) coordinates activation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway at ICL-stalled replication forks. ATR phosphorylates And-1 at T826 in response to ICLs, inducing an intramolecular conformational change that promotes And-1 interaction with the FANCM/FAAP24 complex, resulting in their recruitment to ICL sites and FA pathway activation. Co-immunoprecipitation, phospho-specific antibody analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, domain mutant and phospho-mutant analysis, cisplatin resistance assays Cancer research Medium 35867033
2016 In HPV E7-expressing cells, WDHD1 protein stability is increased (longer half-life). Downregulation of WDHD1 reduces E7-induced G1 checkpoint abrogation and rereplication, demonstrating that WDHD1 contributes to E7-mediated genomic instability by supporting G1 checkpoint override. siRNA knockdown, protein half-life assay, flow cytometry (cell cycle analysis, rereplication) Journal of virology Medium 27099318
2009 Human AND-1 (WDHD1) localizes adjacent to replication foci in S phase. AND-1 is phosphorylated in response to replication arrest in an ATM/ATR/Cdc7-dependent but Chk1-independent manner. AND-1 depletion compromises checkpoint activation (elevated UV-radioresistant DNA synthesis, premature replication recovery after HU), reduces Chk1 protein levels, and AND-1 interacts with cohesin subunits Smc1, Smc3, and Rad21/Scc1. Immunofluorescence localization, Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, checkpoint assays, DNA fiber analysis The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 19439411
2020 WDHD1 is important for mediating high demand of protein translation in PTEN-inactive triple-negative breast cancer cells. siRNA knockdown of WDHD1 selectively inhibits viability of PTEN-negative TNBC cells, and the synthetic lethal interaction between WDHD1 and PTEN loss was validated in 2D and 3D cultures. siRNA screen, 2D/3D cell viability assays, siRNA validation in isogenic cell lines, TCGA analysis Cell death & disease Low 33221821
2024 ZBTB16 transcription factor directly represses WDHD1 transcription; overexpression of WDHD1 reverses ZBTB16-mediated inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and S-phase cell cycle arrest, placing WDHD1 downstream of ZBTB16 in a transcriptional axis controlling DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Ectopic expression, siRNA/shRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assay, xenograft mouse model Oncogene Medium 38654107

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2005 Distribution of the vitamin D receptor and 1 alpha-hydroxylase in human brain. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy 1113 15589699
2015 Vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D regulation of T cells. Nutrients 384 25912039
2001 Saccharomyces cerevisiae CTF18 and CTF4 are required for sister chromatid cohesion. Molecular and cellular biology 272 11287619
2003 Activation and regulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 in human leprosy. Nature medicine 239 12692544
2009 A key role for Ctf4 in coupling the MCM2-7 helicase to DNA polymerase alpha within the eukaryotic replisome. The EMBO journal 214 19661920
2005 Isolation and characterization of Dehalococcoides sp. strain FL2, a trichloroethene (TCE)- and 1,2-dichloroethene-respiring anaerobe. Environmental microbiology 205 16104866
2007 Mcm10 and And-1/CTF4 recruit DNA polymerase alpha to chromatin for initiation of DNA replication. Genes & development 179 17761813
2014 A Ctf4 trimer couples the CMG helicase to DNA polymerase α in the eukaryotic replisome. Nature 176 24805245
2018 The Mcm2-Ctf4-Polα Axis Facilitates Parental Histone H3-H4 Transfer to Lagging Strands. Molecular cell 162 30244834
2008 Directed evolution of Methanococcus jannaschii citramalate synthase for biosynthesis of 1-propanol and 1-butanol by Escherichia coli. Applied and environmental microbiology 152 18952866
2003 Iminosugar glycosidase inhibitors: structural and thermodynamic dissection of the binding of isofagomine and 1-deoxynojirimycin to beta-glucosidases. Journal of the American Chemical Society 139 14624580
2003 Potent antitumor activity of synthetic 1,2-Naphthoquinones and 1,4-Naphthoquinones. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 133 12818681
2012 The clinical toxicology of γ-hydroxybutyrate, γ-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 125 22746383
2004 Sister-chromatid cohesion mediated by the alternative RF-CCtf18/Dcc1/Ctf8, the helicase Chl1 and the polymerase-alpha-associated protein Ctf4 is essential for chromatid disjunction during meiosis II. Journal of cell science 124 15226378
2006 Recent advances in coumarins and 1-azacoumarins as versatile biodynamic agents. Current medicinal chemistry 109 17073630
1991 Degradation of 1,2,4-trichloro- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene by pseudomonas strains. Applied and environmental microbiology 103 16348484
2002 Angiotensin 1-9 and 1-7 release in human heart: role of cathepsin A. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 102 12019279
2007 Calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulation of adipokine expression. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 101 17299106
1996 Electrophoretic separation of betaA4 peptides (1-40) and (1-42). Analytical biochemistry 97 8660532
2004 Repair of 3-methylthymine and 1-methylguanine lesions by bacterial and human AlkB proteins. Nucleic acids research 95 15576352
2004 Calcium and 1,25(OH)2D: interacting drivers of epidermal differentiation. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 90 15225800
2003 Bio-artificial skin composed of gelatin and (1-->3), (1-->6)-beta-glucan. Biomaterials 80 12695077
1992 CTF4 (CHL15) mutants exhibit defective DNA metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and cellular biology 80 1341195
1991 Detection of interleukin 1 alpha and 1 beta in rabbit tissues during endotoxemia using sensitive radioimmunoassays. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 74 1778940
1990 Retinoic acid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulate osteoclast formation by different mechanisms. Bone 73 2331432
2009 Ctf4 coordinates the progression of helicase and DNA polymerase alpha. Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms 72 19496828
2015 Differential expression of plasma microRNA in preeclamptic patients at delivery and 1 year postpartum. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 61 25981845
2010 Effect of ethylene and 1-MCP treatments on strawberry fruit ripening. Journal of the science of food and agriculture 54 20355099
2015 Ethylene and 1-MCP regulate major volatile biosynthetic pathways in apple fruit. Food chemistry 53 26471562
2010 Influence of the human cohesion establishment factor Ctf4/AND-1 on DNA replication. The Journal of biological chemistry 53 20089864
2019 Ctf4 organizes sister replisomes and Pol α into a replication factory. eLife 52 31589141
2017 Combining CRISPR and CRISPRi Systems for Metabolic Engineering of E. coli and 1,4-BDO Biosynthesis. ACS synthetic biology 51 28854333
2004 Predicting genes expressed via -1 and +1 frameshifts. Nucleic acids research 50 15371551
2002 mcl1+, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of CTF4, is important for chromosome replication, cohesion, and segregation. Eukaryotic cell 48 12455694
2010 Biomonitoring of benzene and 1,3-butadiene exposure and early biological effects in traffic policemen. The Science of the total environment 46 20627202
2019 Serine and 1-carbon metabolism are required for HIF-mediated protection against retinopathy of prematurity. JCI insight 45 31341109
2017 Ctf4 Prevents Genome Rearrangements by Suppressing DNA Double-Strand Break Formation and Its End Resection at Arrested Replication Forks. Molecular cell 44 28525744
2016 Comparative effect of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 on Th17 cell differentiation. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 44 27041081
2011 WDHD1 modulates the post-transcriptional step of the centromeric silencing pathway. Nucleic acids research 44 21266480
2009 Calcitriol deficiency and 1-year mortality in cardiac transplant recipients. Transplantation 44 19136901
2009 Roles of human AND-1 in chromosome transactions in S phase. The Journal of biological chemistry 44 19439411
2018 AND-1 fork protection function prevents fork resection and is essential for proliferation. Nature communications 43 30082684
2015 Interactions of arabinoxylan and (1,3)(1,4)-β-glucan with cellulose networks. Biomacromolecules 43 25756836
2013 Interaction between human Ctf4 and the Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS (CMG) replicative helicase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 24255107
2014 Systematically engineering Escherichia coli for enhanced production of 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol. ACS synthetic biology 42 25490349
2009 Antiproliferative action of menadione and 1,25(OH)2D3 on breast cancer cells. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 42 19429426
2010 Spiritual absence and 1-year mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation 41 20227510
2011 Pathway-dependent isotope fractionation during aerobic and anaerobic degradation of monochlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Environmental science & technology 40 21851082
2020 Sen1 Is Recruited to Replication Forks via Ctf4 and Mrc1 and Promotes Genome Stability. Cell reports 39 32075754
2016 Synaptotagmin-2, and -1, linked to neurotransmission impairment and vulnerability in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Human molecular genetics 39 28173138
2013 Molecular basis of purinergic signal metabolism by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 4 and 1 and implications in stroke. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 24338010
2000 Posttranscriptional stimulation of endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 1 by endothelioma cells. Experimental cell research 38 10896789
2020 Quantification of fractional and absolute functionalization of gelatin hydrogels by optimized ninhydrin assay and 1H NMR. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 37 32617761
2022 Antibacterial interactions of pulegone and 1,8-cineole with monolaurin ornisin against Staphylococcus aureus. Food science & nutrition 36 35959252
2000 The role of calbindin and 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the kidney. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension 36 10926169
2021 Protective Role of Vanillic Acid against Diethylnitrosamine- and 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 35 34063148
2015 Regulation of fucose and 1,2-propanediol utilization by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Frontiers in microbiology 33 26528264
2015 RecQL4 is required for the association of Mcm10 and Ctf4 with replication origins in human cells. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 32 25602958
1992 Protein dynamics and 1/f noise. Biophysical journal 31 1420900
2019 Human CST suppresses origin licensing and promotes AND-1/Ctf4 chromatin association. Life science alliance 29 30979824
2019 Bioelectrochemical assisted dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethane by acclimation of anaerobic sludge. Chemosphere 29 31004818
1988 Attenuation of hen granulosa cell steroidogenesis by a phorbol ester and 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol. Biology of reproduction 28 2850021
1983 The mitochondrial metabolism of 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines, procarbazine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 28 6140138
2018 Characterization of laccase from apple fruit during postharvest storage and its response to diphenylamine and 1-methylcyclopropene treatments. Food chemistry 27 29502838
2017 Mechanism of activated chemiluminescence of cyclic peroxides: 1,2-dioxetanes and 1,2-dioxetanones. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 27 28106183
2021 STAT3 plays an important role in DNA replication by turning on WDHD1. Cell & bioscience 26 33413624
2017 Synthesis and biological evaluation of chalcone, dihydrochalcone, and 1,3-diarylpropane analogs as anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 26 28256373
1994 Wortmannin and 1-butanol block activation of a novel family of protein kinases in neutrophils. FEBS letters 26 8034030
2017 And-1 is required for homologous recombination repair by regulating DNA end resection. Nucleic acids research 25 27940557
2014 GHB, GBL and 1,4-BD addiction. Current pharmaceutical design 25 24001290
2022 Geobacter sp. Strain IAE Dihaloeliminates 1,1,2-Trichloroethane and 1,2-Dichloroethane. Environmental science & technology 22 35239320
2019 Co-treatment with interferon-γ and 1-methyl tryptophan ameliorates cardiac fibrosis through cardiac myofibroblasts apoptosis. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 22 31006829
2016 Role of WDHD1 in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Oncogenesis Identified by Transcriptional Profiling of E7-Expressing Cells. Journal of virology 21 27099318
2007 Chl1 and Ctf4 are required for damage-induced recombinations. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 21 17222391
2017 Targeting the Genome-Stability Hub Ctf4 by Stapled-Peptide Design. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 20 28815832
2021 Sequential anaerobic and aerobic bioaugmentation for commingled groundwater contamination of trichloroethene and 1,4-dioxane. The Science of the total environment 19 33610989
2015 Replisome function during replicative stress is modulated by histone h3 lysine 56 acetylation through Ctf4. Genetics 19 25697176
2010 Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of pyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene by the marine whelk Buccinum undatum. Environmental toxicology and chemistry 19 20821506
2020 WDHD1 is essential for the survival of PTEN-inactive triple-negative breast cancer. Cell death & disease 18 33221821
2019 Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4-Keto-Alkenylboronate Esters and 1,4-Dicarbonyls. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) 18 31353794
2013 Suppressors of cytokine signalling-3 and -1 in human carcinogenesis. Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition) 18 23277051
2013 Antiproliferative activities and SAR studies of substituted anthraquinones and 1,4-naphthoquinones. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 18 24176397
2011 Drosophila Ctf4 is essential for efficient DNA replication and normal cell cycle progression. BMC molecular biology 18 21470422
2006 Mutagenicity of stereochemical configurations of 1,2-epoxybutene and 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane in human lymphblastoid cells. Chemico-biological interactions 18 16854403
1997 Differentiation of myeloid cells and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Leukemia & lymphoma 18 9373193
2022 And-1 Coordinates with the FANCM Complex to Regulate Fanconi Anemia Signaling and Cisplatin Resistance. Cancer research 17 35867033
2020 Immune epigenetic age in pregnancy and 1 year after birth: Associations with weight change. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) 17 32061136
2016 Appetite-enhancing Effects of trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Benzylacetone and 1-Phenyl-2-butanone by Inhalation. Planta medica 16 26756819
2005 Tyrosinase-related protein-2 and -1 are trafficked on distinct routes in B16 melanoma cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 15707965
2000 Crystallization and 1.1-A diffraction of chorismate lyase from Escherichia coli. Journal of structural biology 16 10675300
2013 Serotonergic genes and suicidal ideation 2 weeks and 1 year after stroke in Korea. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 15 23973249
2022 Design, Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluations and In Silico Studies of Novel Thiosemicarbazides and 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 13 35630638
2022 Mechanistic Insights into the Reaction of Amidines with 1,2,3-Triazines and 1,2,3,5-Tetrazines. Journal of the American Chemical Society 13 35666564
2021 Highly sensitive SERS detection of residual nitrofurantoin and 1-amino-hydantoin in aquatic products and feeds. Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence 13 34637600
2021 Determination of Floral Origin Markers of Latvian Honey by Using IRMS, UHPLC-HRMS, and 1H-NMR. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 13 35010167
2010 PTHrP 1-141 and 1-86 increase in vitro bone formation. The Journal of surgical research 13 20538301
2005 Ultraviolet radiation increases the toxicity of pyrene, 1-aminopyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene to human keratinocytes. International journal of environmental research and public health 13 16708424
1980 Metabolism of aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by cultured rat and human colon. Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis 13 6119799
2024 ZBTB16 inhibits DNA replication and induces cell cycle arrest by targeting WDHD1 transcription in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 12 38654107
2021 Discovery and characterization of potent And-1 inhibitors for cancer treatment. Clinical and translational medicine 12 34923765