Affinage

TSPAN12

Tetraspanin-12 · UniProt O95859

Length
305 aa
Mass
35.4 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
54 papers in source corpus 12 papers cited in narrative 12 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TSPAN12 is a tetraspanin family co-receptor that selectively amplifies Norrin/β-catenin signaling by assembling a multiprotein receptor complex with FZD4, LRP5, and the ligand Norrin (NDP). TSPAN12 directly contacts FZD4 through its extracellular loops engaging the FZD4 lower hinge and through transmembrane interactions with FZD4 TM2, forming a stable binary complex that pre-organizes the receptor for higher-affinity Norrin binding and promotes FZD4-LRP5 association and receptor multimerization (PMID:19837033, PMID:28658627, PMID:23955570). In endothelial cells, TSPAN12 is required for retinal vascular morphogenesis and blood–retina barrier formation and maintenance; conditional endothelial-specific knockout causes failure of intraretinal capillary development and, in adults, barrier breakdown with cystoid edema and complement deposition (PMID:30354230). Loss-of-function mutations in TSPAN12 cause familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) by disrupting incorporation into the Norrin receptor complex and, in some cases, impairing subcellular trafficking (PMID:28658627, PMID:36453149).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2009 High

    The foundational question—whether a tetraspanin participates in Norrin/β-catenin signaling—was resolved by showing that Tspan12-null mice phenocopy Fzd4/Lrp5/Norrin mutants and that TSPAN12 selectively amplifies Norrin but not Wnt3A signaling via FZD4 multimerization.

    Evidence Mouse knockout, Co-IP, siRNA, luciferase reporter in retinal endothelial cells

    PMID:19837033

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct physical contact interface between TSPAN12 and FZD4 was unresolved
    • Whether TSPAN12 contacts Norrin directly was unknown
    • Endothelial cell–autonomous requirement versus broader tissue role was not separated
  2. 2013 Medium

    TSPAN12 was shown to stabilize the FZD4–LRP5 co-receptor association, explaining how it supports downstream β-catenin signaling beyond simple FZD4 multimerization.

    Evidence shRNA knockdown and Co-IP in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, western blot for β-catenin stability

    PMID:23955570

    Open questions at the time
    • Demonstrated in a cancer cell line; relevance to endothelial physiology not directly tested
    • Mechanism by which TSPAN12 stabilizes FZD4–LRP5 was unclear
  3. 2014 Medium

    A non-vascular role for TSPAN12 was identified: in p53-depleted fibroblasts, TSPAN12 transduces β-catenin signaling upon cancer cell contact, driving CXCL6 secretion and tumor invasion.

    Evidence siRNA, coculture assay, in vivo tumor model, β-catenin reporter in cancer-associated fibroblasts

    PMID:25512506

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TSPAN12 in fibroblasts also acts through FZD4/Norrin axis or an alternative β-catenin entry point was not determined
    • Single-lab observation in engineered fibroblast system
  4. 2017 High

    Two studies established that TSPAN12 extracellular loops interact with both FZD4 and Norrin (NDP) to confer ligand selectivity, and that FEVR-linked TSPAN12 mutations disrupt this complex; separately, an anti-TSPAN12 antibody blocking the TSPAN12–FZD4 interaction reduced pathological retinal angiogenesis in vivo.

    Evidence Co-IP, pulldown, Xenopus rescue of FZD4 M105V mutant; phage-display antibody in oxygen-induced retinopathy models

    PMID:28356444 PMID:28658627

    Open questions at the time
    • Atomic-level details of the TSPAN12–FZD4 and TSPAN12–Norrin interfaces remained unknown
    • Therapeutic antibody efficacy not tested in genetic FEVR models
  5. 2018 High

    Conditional endothelial-specific Tspan12 knockout definitively established that TSPAN12 functions cell-autonomously in endothelial cells for both developmental retinal vascular morphogenesis and adult blood–retina barrier maintenance.

    Evidence Cdh5-CreERT2 tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout, confocal imaging, RNA-Seq, electroretinogram, histopathology

    PMID:30354230

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream transcriptional targets mediating barrier maintenance versus morphogenesis were not fully resolved
    • Whether TSPAN12 functions in other vascular beds in vivo was not tested
  6. 2021 Medium

    TSPAN12 protein turnover was shown to be regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF152 through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, connecting FoxO1 transcriptional control of RNF152 to TSPAN12 abundance and downstream CXCL6 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vivo ubiquitination assay, RNAi, ChIP, xenograft model in HCC cells

    PMID:33602225

    Open questions at the time
    • Ubiquitination sites on TSPAN12 were not mapped
    • Whether RNF152-mediated degradation regulates TSPAN12 in endothelial cells or other physiological contexts is unknown
  7. 2021 Medium

    IL-13 was identified as an upstream suppressor of TSPAN12 in esophageal endothelial cells, and TSPAN12 silencing increased endothelial permeability and dysregulated extracellular matrix genes, extending TSPAN12's barrier function beyond the retina.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, in vitro permeability assay, RNA-Seq, cytokine stimulation, anti-IL-13 therapy reversal in eosinophilic esophagitis cohort

    PMID:34687736

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether endothelial permeability increase depends on the FZD4/Norrin pathway or a distinct mechanism was not tested
    • Single-lab in vitro observation
  8. 2022 Medium

    Systematic analysis of FEVR-associated TSPAN12 missense variants demonstrated that disease mutations compromise interactions with FZD4 and NDP and, in some cases, impair TSPAN12 subcellular trafficking, while wild-type TSPAN12 overexpression can rescue signaling defects of certain Norrin mutants.

    Evidence Co-IP, dual-luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation for multiple TSPAN12 variants

    PMID:36453149

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for trafficking defects of specific variants was not resolved
    • In vivo functional rescue of FEVR phenotype not attempted
  9. 2022 Medium

    TSPAN12 was identified as a negative regulator of aldosterone production in adrenocortical cells, revealing a non-canonical, non-vascular physiological role.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in HAC15 adrenocortical cells, hormone secretion assay, pharmacological inhibitors, pig adrenal dietary sodium model

    PMID:36458545

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether aldosterone regulation involves FZD4/β-catenin signaling or a distinct mechanism was not determined
    • Single-lab observation; not replicated independently
  10. 2025 High

    The cryo-EM structure of TSPAN12–FZD4 at 3.4 Å resolution resolved the molecular interface: TSPAN12 extracellular loops contact the FZD4 lower hinge, TM helices engage FZD4 TM2, and the C–D helices that bind Norrin remain exposed, explaining how TSPAN12 pre-organizes FZD4 for graded Norrin sensing.

    Evidence Cryo-EM structure determination, cell-based signaling assays (preprint)

    PMID:bio_10.1101_2025.09.25.678640

    Open questions at the time
    • Preprint; awaits peer review
    • Structure of the full quaternary complex with Norrin and LRP5/6 not yet resolved
    • Structural basis for TSPAN12-promoted FZD4 multimerization not captured in the binary complex

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the full quaternary structure of the TSPAN12–FZD4–Norrin–LRP5/6 signaling complex, the structural basis for TSPAN12-promoted receptor multimerization, and whether TSPAN12's non-vascular roles (aldosterone regulation, esophageal barrier) operate through FZD4/β-catenin or independent pathways.
  • No structure of the full signaling holocomplex
  • Mechanism linking TSPAN12 to aldosterone regulation is undefined
  • In vivo therapeutic validation of TSPAN12-targeting strategies in FEVR patients is lacking

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060090 molecular adaptor activity 4 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 3
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2
Partners
FZD4LRP5NDPRNF152
Complex memberships
Norrin–FZD4–LRP5–TSPAN12 receptor complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 12 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 TSPAN12 is expressed in retinal vasculature and loss of Tspan12 phenocopies defects seen in Fzd4, Lrp5, and Norrin mutant mice. Overexpressed TSPAN12 associates with the Norrin-receptor complex and significantly increases Norrin/β-catenin but not Wnt/β-catenin signaling. TSPAN12 siRNA abolishes transcriptional responses to Norrin but not Wnt3A in retinal endothelial cells. TSPAN12 cooperatively promotes multimerization of FZD4 and associated proteins to elicit physiological levels of Norrin signaling. Mouse knockout genetics, Co-IP, siRNA knockdown, luciferase reporter assay, genetic epistasis with Norrin/Lrp5 Cell High 19837033
2017 TSPAN12 functions as a co-receptor in the Norrin (NDP) receptor complex, interacting with FZD4 and NDP via its extracellular loops to enhance FZD4 ligand selectivity for NDP over Wnt. FEVR-linked mutations in TSPAN12 prevent incorporation into the NDP receptor complex. TSPAN12 alleviates defects of FZD4 M105V mutation that destabilizes NDP/FZD4 interaction, demonstrated both in vitro and in Xenopus embryos. Co-IP, pulldown, cell-based signaling assays, Xenopus embryo functional rescue, FEVR mutation analysis Cell reports High 28658627
2013 TSPAN12 ablation from human MDA-MB-231 cells causes diminished association between FZD4 and its co-receptor LRP5, leading to enhanced proteasomal degradation of β-catenin. TSPAN12 stabilizes FZD4-LRP5 association to support canonical Wnt-pathway signaling. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown, Co-IP, western blot, tumor xenograft assay Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS Medium 23955570
2014 In p53-depleted fibroblasts (cancer-associated fibroblasts), TSPAN12 is derepressed by p53 knockdown. TSPAN12 in fibroblasts transduces β-catenin signaling in response to cancer cell contact, leading to CXCL6 secretion that promotes cancer cell invasion. TSPAN12 knockdown in p53-depleted fibroblasts inhibits CXCL6 secretion and cancer invasion. siRNA knockdown, coculture assay, DNA chip, in vivo tumor model, β-catenin pathway reporter Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Medium 25512506
2017 An anti-Tspan12 antibody inhibits the interaction between Tspan12 and FZD4, effectively modulating β-catenin levels and target gene expression in vascular endothelial cells. Tspan12/β-catenin signaling is activated in rodent models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and VLDLR knockout proliferative retinopathy. Intravitreal application of the antibody showed significant therapeutic effects in both models. Phage display antibody development, Co-IP inhibition assay, in vitro endothelial cell migration/tube formation, in vivo oxygen-induced retinopathy model, western blot Circulation Medium 28356444
2018 TSPAN12 functions specifically in endothelial cells to promote vascular morphogenesis and blood-retina barrier (BRB) formation during development and BRB maintenance in adult mice. Early endothelial-specific loss of TSPAN12 causes lack of intraretinal capillaries and increased VE-cadherin expression (premature vascular quiescence). Late loss of TSPAN12 strongly impairs BRB maintenance without affecting vascular morphogenesis, associated with immunoglobulin extravasation, complement deposition, cystoid edema, and impaired ERG b-wave. Conditional knockout (Cdh5-CreERT2 tamoxifen-inducible), confocal microscopy, RNA-Seq, histopathology, electroretinogram Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology High 30354230
2021 RNF152 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) interacts with TSPAN12 and targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby inhibiting TSPAN12-dependent CXCL6 expression and HCC progression. FoxO1 transcriptionally regulates RNF152 expression. Co-IP, in vivo ubiquitination assay, RNAi, luciferase/ChIP assay for FoxO1-RNF152 axis, xenograft model Cancer cell international Medium 33602225
2021 IL-13 reduces TSPAN12 expression in esophageal endothelial cells. TSPAN12 gene silencing in endothelial cells increases endothelial cell permeability and dysregulates extracellular matrix pathway genes, promoting endothelial cell-fibroblast crosstalk relevant to esophageal remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis. siRNA knockdown, in vitro permeability assay, RNA sequencing, cytokine stimulation, anti-IL-13 therapy reversal Gastroenterology Medium 34687736
2022 TSPAN12 is a negative regulator of aldosterone production: TSPAN12 gene silencing in human adrenocortical (HAC15) cells increased aldosterone secretion under basal and angiotensin II-stimulated conditions. Angiotensin II increases TSPAN12 expression in adrenocortical cells via calcium-dependent signaling (blocked by nifedipine and W-7). siRNA knockdown, hormone secretion assay, pharmacological inhibitors (nifedipine, W-7), in vivo pig adrenal dietary sodium model, immunostaining Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Medium 36458545
2022 Missense variants in TSPAN12 associated with FEVR compromise interactions between TSPAN12 and its binding partners (FZD4, NDP) in the Norrin/β-catenin pathway, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation. Some variants also cause abnormal subcellular trafficking of TSPAN12. Overexpression of wild-type TSPAN12 enhances Norrin/β-catenin signaling by strengthening the binding affinity of mutant Norrin with FZD4 or LRP5. Co-IP, dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blot, immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation Clinical genetics Medium 36453149
2025 Cryo-EM structure of TSPAN12 in complex with FZD4 at 3.4 Å resolution reveals: (1) FZD4 and TSPAN12 form a direct complex in the absence of Norrin, with contact between the lower hinge of FZD4 and the extracellular loops of TSPAN12; (2) the transmembrane domain of TSPAN12 forms a tightly packed four-helix bundle and interacts with TM2 of FZD4 to promote TSPAN12 trafficking to the cell surface; (3) the C-D helices of TSPAN12 that mediate Norrin binding remain exposed in the FZD4 complex, enabling higher-affinity Norrin binding; (4) TSPAN12 and FZD4 remain associated after Norrin recognition, indicating TSPAN12 is a core component of the FZD4-Norrin-LRP5/6 signaling complex. The complex enables FZD4 to respond with a more gradual response to a wider range of Norrin concentrations. Cryo-EM structure determination, cell-based signaling assays bioRxivpreprint High bio_10.1101_2025.09.25.678640
2024 lnc-TSPAN12 (a long noncoding RNA overlapping TSPAN12 locus) acts as a scaffold that directly interacts with both EIF3I and SENP1, enhancing the SENP1-EIF3I interaction. This inhibits SUMOylation of EIF3I, preventing its ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and ultimately activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to stimulate EMT and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. METTL3-mediated m6A modification stabilizes lnc-TSPAN12. RNA pulldown, Co-IP, RIP (RNA immunoprecipitation), m6A modification assay, in vitro/in vivo migration assays Oncogene Medium 38374407

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 54 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2009 TSPAN12 regulates retinal vascular development by promoting Norrin- but not Wnt-induced FZD4/beta-catenin signaling. Cell 323 19837033
2010 Next-generation sequencing of a 40 Mb linkage interval reveals TSPAN12 mutations in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. American journal of human genetics 176 20159111
2010 Mutations in TSPAN12 cause autosomal-dominant familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. American journal of human genetics 155 20159112
2020 miR-196b-5p-mediated downregulation of TSPAN12 and GATA6 promotes tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 147 32041891
2017 TSPAN12 Is a Norrin Co-receptor that Amplifies Frizzled4 Ligand Selectivity and Signaling. Cell reports 77 28658627
2014 TSPAN12 is a critical factor for cancer-fibroblast cell contact-mediated cancer invasion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 65 25512506
2012 Recessive mutations in TSPAN12 cause retinal dysplasia and severe familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 62 22427576
2017 Mutations in LRP5,FZD4, TSPAN12, NDP, ZNF408, or KIF11 Genes Account for 38.7% of Chinese Patients With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 58 28494495
2015 Molecular Characterization of FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 49 26244290
2013 Tetraspanin TSPAN12 regulates tumor growth and metastasis and inhibits β-catenin degradation. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 49 23955570
2021 Loss of Endothelial TSPAN12 Promotes Fibrostenotic Eosinophilic Esophagitis via Endothelial Cell-Fibroblast Crosstalk. Gastroenterology 44 34687736
2018 Endothelial Cell-Specific Inactivation of TSPAN12 (Tetraspanin 12) Reveals Pathological Consequences of Barrier Defects in an Otherwise Intact Vasculature. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 40 30354230
2017 Mutation Spectrum of the LRP5, NDP, and TSPAN12 Genes in Chinese Patients With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 34 29181528
2011 Novel TSPAN12 mutations in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and their associated phenotypes. Molecular vision 34 21552475
2016 Mutation spectrum of the FZD-4, TSPAN12 AND ZNF408 genes in Indian FEVR patients. BMC ophthalmology 30 27316669
2011 Mutations in the TSPAN12 gene in Japanese patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. American journal of ophthalmology 29 21334594
2017 TSPAN12 promotes chemoresistance and proliferation of SCLC under the regulation of miR-495. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 26 28302484
2011 Submicroscopic deletion in 7q31 encompassing CADPS2 and TSPAN12 in a child with autism spectrum disorder and PHPV. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 24 21626674
2017 Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of Tspan12 Ameliorates Vasoproliferative Retinopathy Through Suppression of β-Catenin Signaling. Circulation 23 28356444
2014 Novel mutation in TSPAN12 leads to autosomal recessive inheritance of congenital vitreoretinal disease with intra-familial phenotypic variability. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 19 25250762
2024 METTL3-mediated m6A modification of lncRNA TSPAN12 promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through SENP1-depentent deSUMOylation of EIF3I. Oncogene 18 38374407
2014 Novel mutations in the TSPAN12 gene in Chinese patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Molecular vision 18 25352738
2013 Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy caused by a homozygous mutation in TSPAN12 in a cystic fibrosis infant. Ophthalmic genetics 16 23834558
2017 Variable Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy in a family harbouring variants in both FZD4 and TSPAN12. Acta ophthalmologica 14 28211206
2016 Large Deletions of TSPAN12 Cause Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 13 28002565
2017 Upregulation of TSPAN12 is associated with the colorectal cancer growth and metastasis. American journal of translational research 12 28337310
2021 Ring finger protein 152-dependent degradation of TSPAN12 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer cell international 11 33602225
2020 RNA sequencing reveals the long noncoding RNA and mRNA profiles and identifies long non-coding RNA TSPAN12 as a potential microvascular invasion-related biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 11 32222644
2019 A start codon mutation of the TSPAN12 gene in Chinese families causes clinical heterogeneous familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 10 31452356
2017 Mutation spectrum of NDP, FZD4 and TSPAN12 genes in Indian patients with retinopathy of prematurity. The British journal of ophthalmology 10 28982955
2021 Pathogenic variants and associated phenotypic spectrum of TSPAN12 based on data from a large cohort. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 9 33907885
2019 TSPAN12 Precedes Tumor Proliferation by Cell Cycle Control in Ovarian Cancer. Molecules and cells 9 31362470
2016 Simultaneous Novel Mutations of LRP5 and TSPAN12 in a Case of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus 9 27007396
2018 TSPAN12 is overexpressed in NSCLC via p53 inhibition and promotes NSCLC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. OncoTargets and therapy 8 29535534
2022 RF-Net 2: fast inference of virus reassortment and hybridization networks. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 7 35150239
2022 Whole exome sequencing revealed 14 variants in NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 genes for 20 families with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. BMC medical genomics 6 35277167
2019 Detection of FZD4, LRP5 and TSPAN12 Genes Variants in Malay Premature Babies with Retinopathy of Prematurity. Journal of ophthalmic & vision research 6 31114654
2003 Effect of reactive cell density on net [2-14C]acetate uptake into rat brain: labeling of clusters containing GFAP+- and lectin+-immunoreactive cells. Neurochemistry international 6 12510019
2022 A comprehensive functional analysis on the pathogenesis of novel TSPAN12 and NDP variants in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Clinical genetics 5 36453149
2021 Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel TSPAN12 Variants in Autosomal Dominant Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers 5 34077673
2024 Mutations in TSPAN12 gene causing familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Human genomics 3 38424652
2022 TSPAN12 (Tetraspanin 12) Is a Novel Negative Regulator of Aldosterone Production in Adrenal Physiology and Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 3 36458545
2019 Genetic variants of TSPAN12 gene in patients with retinopathy of prematurity. Journal of cellular biochemistry 3 31009104
2019 Asymptomatic adults in a single family with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and TSPAN12 variant. Ophthalmic genetics 3 31755339
2023 Five novel dysfunctional variants in the TSPAN12 gene in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Experimental eye research 2 37451565
2022 A novel frameshift variant in the TSPAN12 gene causes autosomal dominant FEVR. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 2 35417085
2023 Identification of Five Novel Variants in the TSPAN12 Gene in Chinese Families With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Translational vision science & technology 1 37252707
2021 A novel variant in the TSPAN12 gene-presenting as unilateral myopia, pediatric cataract, and heterochromia in a patient with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. European journal of ophthalmology 1 34151585
2021 Novel mutation in TSPAN12 associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in a Chinese pedigree. Ophthalmic genetics 1 34445920
2021 A novel stop codon mutation of TSPAN12 gene in Chinese patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmic genetics 1 34738848
2019 Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis Identified Novel Mutations in the TSPAN12 Gene in Chinese Families with Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers 1 31513438
1999 Microporous Montmorillonites Expanded with Alumina Clusters and M[(&mgr;-OH)Cu(&mgr;-OCH(2)CH(2)NEt(2))](6)(ClO(4))(3), (M = Al, Ga, and Fe), or Cr[(&mgr;-OCH(3))(&mgr;-OCH(2)CH(2)NEt(2))CuCl](3) Complexes. Inorganic chemistry 1 11670992
2025 A novel TSPAN12 mutation causing retinitis pigmentosa-like appearance of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmic genetics 0 41265400
2023 De novel heterozygous copy number deletion on 7q31.31-7q31.32 involving TSPAN12 gene with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in a Chinese family. International journal of ophthalmology 0 38111929