Affinage

TRIM44

Tripartite motif-containing protein 44 · UniProt Q96DX7

Length
344 aa
Mass
38.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
71 papers in source corpus 22 papers cited in narrative 22 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TRIM44 is an atypical TRIM family protein that, through its ZnF UBP domain, functions as a deubiquitinase-like regulator of protein stability, autophagy, and DNA damage repair. TRIM44 stabilizes diverse substrates—including TRIM17, HIF-1α, TLR4, TAK1, LOXL2, ZEB1, and FLNA—by removing or inhibiting their K48-linked polyubiquitination, thereby preventing proteasomal degradation and activating downstream AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling cascades (PMID:19358823, PMID:30089913, PMID:30922374, PMID:37271349, PMID:40014271). TRIM44 also deubiquitinates SQSTM1/p62, promoting its oligomerization to activate selective autophagy (aggrephagy) and NFE2L2/NRF2-mediated stress responses, while its B-box domain can conversely promote K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of vimentin (PMID:34382902, PMID:39152142, PMID:40967439). In DNA damage repair, TRIM44 binds PARP1 via its ZnF UBP domain to regulate the ubiquitination–PARylation balance and recruits the MRN complex to damaged chromatin independently of PARP1 catalytic activity, conferring PARP inhibitor resistance (PMID:39217466). Missense mutations in TRIM44 (p.S64Y, p.G155R) cause aniridia through impaired PAX6 expression (PMID:26394807).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2009 High

    Establishing that TRIM44 is an atypical TRIM protein with deubiquitinase-like activity: the ZnF UBP domain was shown to inhibit ubiquitination of its partner TRIM17, preventing proteasomal degradation and positioning TRIM44 as a 'USP-like TRIM' rather than an E3 ligase.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay, and proteasome inhibitor treatment in mammalian cells

    PMID:19358823

    Open questions at the time
    • No demonstration of direct deubiquitinase catalytic activity in a reconstituted system
    • Substrate specificity beyond TRIM17 unknown at this point
  2. 2015 Medium

    Linking TRIM44 to a Mendelian disorder: missense mutations in TRIM44 were identified as causative for aniridia, acting through suppression of PAX6 expression, though the molecular mechanism connecting TRIM44 to PAX6 transcriptional regulation remained unclear.

    Evidence Genetic pedigree analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and overexpression of TRIM44 variants in human lens epithelial cells

    PMID:26394807

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which TRIM44 represses PAX6 expression not defined
    • No ubiquitination substrate identified in this context
    • Single family study
  3. 2016 Medium

    Expanding TRIM44's oncogenic role to signaling pathway activation: TRIM44 was placed upstream of mTOR and NF-κB signaling, driving cell cycle progression, EMT, and metastasis in lung cancer, establishing it as a pro-tumorigenic factor.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown, overexpression, pharmacological mTOR and NF-κB inhibitor reversal, cell cycle analysis, and xenograft models in lung cancer

    PMID:25345539 PMID:27058415

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct binding partner identified mediating mTOR or NF-κB activation
    • Pathway placement based solely on pharmacological inhibitor reversal
  4. 2018 High

    Identifying HIF-1α as a direct deubiquitination target: TRIM44 stabilized HIF-1α under both normoxia and hypoxia in multiple myeloma, connecting its deubiquitinase-like function to tumor microenvironment adaptation and bone destruction.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, gain- and loss-of-function in MM cells, and xenograft mouse model

    PMID:30089913

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM44 directly cleaves ubiquitin chains from HIF-1α or acts indirectly through a DUB recruitment mechanism not resolved
    • Specificity for K48 vs. other ubiquitin linkage types on HIF-1α not determined
  5. 2019 High

    Demonstrating substrate-level specificity in signaling: TRIM44 directly binds and stabilizes TLR4, activating AKT/mTOR and EMT in melanoma, showing that TRIM44's stabilization of different upstream receptors can converge on common oncogenic pathways.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry confirmation, AKT inhibitor epistasis, and mouse xenograft models

    PMID:30922374

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM44 deubiquitinates TLR4 directly or blocks its ubiquitination by an E3 ligase not distinguished
  6. 2021 High

    Defining the UPS–autophagy bridge: TRIM44 was shown to bind K48-linked ubiquitin chains on aggregated proteins and promote p62/SQSTM1 oligomerization, activating aggrephagy; separately, TRIM44 deubiquitination of p62 enhanced DNA damage repair through FLNA and 53BP1 stabilization.

    Evidence Gain/loss-of-function, autophagy inhibitors (3-MA, chloroquine), ubiquitination assays, immunofluorescence, and irradiation-based DNA damage assays

    PMID:34211088 PMID:34382902

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM44 is a bona fide deubiquitinase with catalytic activity toward p62 or acts as a scaffold remains unresolved
    • Structural basis for K48-linked ubiquitin chain recognition not determined
  7. 2022 High

    Broadening substrate repertoire to extracellular matrix and cardiac signaling: TRIM44 stabilizes FLNA to promote BRCA1-dependent HR repair and cisplatin resistance; stabilizes LOXL2 to remodel the tumor extracellular matrix and suppress antitumor immunity; and drives pathological cardiac hypertrophy through AKT/mTOR/GSK3β signaling in vivo.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, CRISPR cardiac-specific knockout rats, xenograft models, and pharmacological epistasis

    PMID:35541909 PMID:35855640 PMID:36512309

    Open questions at the time
    • Cardiac substrates directly deubiquitinated by TRIM44 not identified
    • Relationship between TRIM44's E3-like (B-box) and DUB-like (ZnF UBP) activities in the same cellular context unclear
  8. 2023 High

    Identifying TAK1 as a substrate connecting TRIM44 to inflammatory MAPK signaling: TRIM44 inhibits K48-linked polyubiquitination of TAK1, sustaining TAK1 phosphorylation and MAPK activation to promote cardiac fibrosis.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, mouse myocardial infarction model, TGF-β1 stimulation, and TAK1 inhibitor epistasis

    PMID:37271349

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM44 directly deubiquitinates TAK1 or competes with a K48-specific E3 ligase not resolved
  9. 2024 High

    Establishing TRIM44 as a chromatin-proximal DNA repair factor: TRIM44 binds PARP1 via its ZnF UBP domain to regulate the ubiquitination–PARylation balance and recruits the MRN complex to DSBs independently of PARP1 activity, creating a mechanism for PARP inhibitor resistance.

    Evidence Systematic screen of 211 ubiquitin-related proteins, Co-IP, domain mapping, knockdown with PARP inhibitor sensitivity assays

    PMID:39217466

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for ZnF UBP recognition of PARP1 not determined
    • Whether TRIM44-MRN interaction is direct or mediated by chromatin-associated factors not established
  10. 2024 Medium

    Refining the p62 signaling axis under oxidative stress: TRIM44 promotes p62 oligomerization through both PB1-dependent and oxidation-dependent mechanisms, amplifying PKA-mediated p62 S349 phosphorylation to activate NRF2, connecting TRIM44 to antioxidant transcriptional responses.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation analysis, arsenic trioxide treatment in cancer cells

    PMID:39152142

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab study; PKA–TRIM44–p62 interaction topology not mapped
    • Whether NRF2 activation is a general TRIM44 function or context-specific not established
  11. 2025 High

    Revealing an unexpected E3-like activity: TRIM44's B-box domain promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of vimentin, acting as a tumor suppressor in clear cell RCC — contrasting with its deubiquitinase-like role on other substrates.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay with B-box domain mutagenesis, in vitro and in vivo experiments

    PMID:40967439

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the B-box domain functions as a direct E3 ligase or recruits an E3 partner not resolved
    • How substrate selection between stabilization and degradation pathways is determined is unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The fundamental question of whether TRIM44 possesses intrinsic deubiquitinase catalytic activity (via its ZnF UBP domain) or acts exclusively as a ubiquitin-binding scaffold that shields substrates from E3 ligases remains unresolved, as does the structural and regulatory basis for context-dependent switching between its deubiquitinase-like and E3-like activities.
  • No in vitro reconstitution with purified TRIM44 demonstrating catalytic DUB activity
  • No crystal or cryo-EM structure available
  • Decision mechanism for substrate stabilization vs. degradation unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 6 GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 5 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 5 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 5 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 3 R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli 2 R-HSA-5357801 Programmed Cell Death 1
Partners
FLNAHIF1AMAP3K7PARP1SQSTM1TLR4VIMZEB1

Evidence

Reading pass · 22 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 TRIM44 interacts with and stabilizes Terf/TRIM17, a TRIM ubiquitin E3 ligase. TRIM44 inhibits ubiquitination of terf, preventing its proteasomal degradation. The N-terminal zinc-finger domain found in ubiquitin hydrolases (ZF UBP) of TRIM44 was proposed to mediate this deubiquitinase-like activity, classifying TRIM44 as a 'USP-like-TRIM' that regulates associated TRIM proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay, proteasome inhibitor treatment in mammalian cells Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 19358823
2018 TRIM44 functions as a deubiquitinase for HIF-1α, stabilizing HIF-1α expression during both hypoxia and normoxia in multiple myeloma cells. This stabilized HIF-1α stimulates MM cell growth and survival. TRIM44 expression also promoted quiescent MM cell occupancy of the osteoblastic niche and bone destruction in xenograft mice. Co-immunoprecipitation, gain- and loss-of-function studies in MM cell lines, xenograft mouse model, western blotting Leukemia High 30089913
2019 TRIM44 directly binds and stabilizes TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), preventing its degradation, which activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to promote melanoma progression. TLR4 interference impeded TRIM44-induced tumor progression. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometric analysis, gain- and loss-of-function experiments, AKT inhibitor treatment, mouse xenograft models Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR High 30922374
2021 TRIM44 links the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to autophagy by binding K48-linked ubiquitin chains on aggregated proteins. TRIM44 expression activates autophagy via promoting SQSTM1/p62 oligomerization, thereby increasing aggregate protein clearance (aggrephagy). UPS suppression leads to TRIM44 upregulation. Gain- and loss-of-function studies, western blotting, autophagy inhibitors (3-MA, chloroquine), fluorescence imaging of autophagosomes, co-immunoprecipitation Autophagy High 34382902
2021 TRIM44 deubiquitinates p62/SQSTM1, promoting its oligomerization and increasing its cytoplasmic retention upon irradiation. This cytoplasmic retention of p62 prevents degradation of FLNA and 53BP1, thereby enhancing DNA damage repair capacity in cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, immunofluorescence, western blotting, knockdown experiments with irradiation Oncogene High 34211088
2022 TRIM44 interacts with FLNA (Filamin A) and promotes its stability and deubiquitination, which in turn facilitates BRCA1 expression and homologous recombination repair, conferring cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. BRCA1 depletion abolished TRIM44-modulated cisplatin resistance. Co-immunoprecipitation, microarray analysis, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, western blotting, xenograft models, STRING interaction analysis International journal of biological sciences High 35541909
2024 TRIM44 promotes SQSTM1/p62 oligomerization in both PB1 domain-dependent and oxidation-dependent manners under oxidative stress. TRIM44 amplifies the interaction between protein kinase A and oligomerized SQSTM1, leading to enhanced phosphorylation of SQSTM1 at S349, which activates NFE2L2/NRF2 transcription factor and enhances autophagic degradation. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, cell viability assays, phosphorylation analysis, gain- and loss-of-function in cancer cells treated with arsenic trioxide Scientific reports Medium 39152142
2024 TRIM44 acts as a crucial mediator that recruits the MRN complex to damaged chromatin, independently of PARP1 activity. TRIM44 binds PARP1 via its ZnF UBP domain and regulates the ubiquitination-PARylation balance of PARP1, facilitating timely MRN complex recruitment for DSB repair. Upon PARP inhibitor treatment, TRIM44 shifts its binding from PARP1 to the MRN complex. Knockdown of TRIM44 enhances olaparib sensitivity and overcomes resistance induced by 53BP1 deficiency. Screen of 211 human ubiquitin-related proteins, Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping (ZnF UBP), knockdown experiments, PARP inhibitor sensitivity assays Nucleic acids research High 39217466
2014 TRIM44 promotes lung cancer cell migration and invasion via activation of NF-κB signaling, with upregulation of CXCR6 and MMP9. Blocking NF-κB with the inhibitor PDTC reversed TRIM44-mediated upregulation of CXCR6 and MMP9 and alleviated the promotion of migration and invasion. Overexpression and siRNA knockdown in cell lines, qPCR, cell migration and invasion assays, NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) treatment International journal of clinical oncology Medium 25345539
2016 TRIM44 induces cell proliferation in lung cancer by accelerating G1/S transition via upregulation of cyclins and CDKs, and promotes EMT and metastasis. TRIM44-induced mTOR signaling, EMT, and cyclin/CDK upregulation were reversed by mTOR inhibitor treatment, placing TRIM44 upstream of mTOR. siRNA knockdown, overexpression, mTOR inhibitor treatment, cell cycle analysis, in vitro invasion assay, xenograft mouse model Oncotarget Medium 27058415
2023 TRIM44 stabilizes TAK1 by inhibiting its K48-linked polyubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation, thereby increasing phosphorylated TAK1 expression in a fibrotic environment and activating MAPK pathways to promote cardiac fibrosis. Pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 phosphorylation reversed the fibrogenic effects of TRIM44 overexpression. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, mouse MI model, TGF-β1 stimulation in cardiac fibroblasts, overexpression and knockdown, TAK1 inhibitor treatment Cellular signalling High 37271349
2022 TRIM44 directly binds LOXL2 and affects its protein stability, mediating extracellular matrix remodeling and T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity in gastric cancer. TRIM44 was found to regulate LOXL2 ubiquitination. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, ubiquitination assay, in vivo tumor models Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Medium 36512309
2020 TRIM44 promotes renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting FRK (Fyn-related kinase). FRK was identified as a target gene downregulated by TRIM44, and cell proliferation inhibited by TRIM44 knockdown was recovered by siFRK co-treatment. Integrated microarray analysis, gain- and loss-of-function studies, siRNA rescue experiments, Oncomine database analysis Cancer science Medium 31883420
2021 TRIM44 promotes ovarian cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting FRK. ChIP assay was used to explore the association between TRIM44 and FRK transcriptional regulation. ChIP assay, knockdown and overexpression studies, xenograft models, colony formation and Transwell assays Neoplasma Medium 34034495
2015 Missense mutations in TRIM44 (p.S64Y and p.G155R) cause aniridia by impairing PAX6 expression. Overexpression of TRIM44 significantly reduced PAX6 expression in human lens epithelial cells, with the p.G155R mutant having a stronger suppressive effect than wildtype TRIM44. Luciferase reporter assay, western blotting with predicted microRNAs, overexpression of TRIM44 variants in human lens epithelial cells, genetic pedigree analysis Human mutation Medium 26394807
2022 Cardiac-specific Trim44 knockout in rats attenuated isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling by blocking the AKT/mTOR/GSK3β/P70S6K signaling pathway, establishing TRIM44 as a regulator of cardiac hypertrophy signaling. CRISPR-Cas9 cardiac-specific Trim44 knockout rats, isoproterenol treatment, morphological and functional cardiac assessment, western blotting of AKT/mTOR pathway components Disease models & mechanisms High 35855640
2022 TRIM44 interacts with FRS2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Substrate 2) and negatively regulates the expression of BMP4, β-catenin, and TGF-βR1 in endometrial carcinoma cells. FRS2 knockdown reversed the effects of TRIM44 overexpression on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, loss-of-function analysis, xenograft mouse model Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM Low 36387361
2025 TRIM44 directly interacts with vimentin and promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination of vimentin through its B-box domain, targeting vimentin for proteasomal degradation. This functions as a tumor-suppressive mechanism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, domain mutagenesis (B-box domain), gain- and loss-of-function studies, in vitro and in vivo experiments The Journal of biological chemistry High 40967439
2025 TRIM44 promotes DLBCL progression and confers chemoresistance to doxorubicin by increasing autophagic activity, evidenced by upregulated LC3II/LC3-I ratio, Beclin1 expression, and increased autophagosome formation. miR-665 directly targets TRIM44 (validated by miRNA pull-down and luciferase assay). Gain- and loss-of-function studies, western blotting for autophagy markers, autophagosome imaging, miRNA pull-down, luciferase reporter assay, xenograft model Hematological oncology Medium 40677140
2025 TRIM44 promotes aggressive behaviors in multiple myeloma by deubiquitinating ZEB1, reducing its ubiquitination and enhancing ZEB1 protein stability. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by western blotting, ubiquitination assay, gain- and loss-of-function studies, xenograft models Discover oncology Medium 40014271
2024 TRIM44 promotes rabies virus (RABV) replication by activating autophagy; inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA attenuated TRIM44-induced RABV replication, and rapamycin reversed TRIM44-knockdown-induced decreases in LC3B expression and autophagosome formation. RNA-seq identification, overexpression and knockdown of TRIM44 in NA cells, autophagy inhibitors (3-MA, rapamycin), LC3B assay, autophagosome quantification International journal of molecular sciences Medium 38731834
2025 TRIM44 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. TRIM44 overexpression reduced NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 levels and decreased pyroptosis markers (GSDMD-N, IL-1β, IL-18); NLRP3 inhibition phenocopied TRIM44 overexpression. In vivo mouse IRI model with adenoviral TRIM44 delivery, hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro, western blotting for pyroptosis markers, NLRP3 inhibitor treatment Molecular immunology Medium 39813853

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 71 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 Overexpression of TRIM44 contributes to malignant outcome in gastric carcinoma. Cancer science 73 22862969
2019 miR-192-5p suppresses the progression of lung cancer bone metastasis by targeting TRIM44. Scientific reports 64 31873114
2019 TRIM44 activates the AKT/mTOR signal pathway to induce melanoma progression by stabilizing TLR4. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 58 30922374
2014 Trim44 facilitates the migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway. International journal of clinical oncology 57 25345539
2018 TRIM44 promotes human esophageal cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cancer science 55 30098109
2018 MiR-101-3p inhibits EMT to attenuate proliferation and metastasis in glioblastoma by targeting TRIM44. Journal of neuro-oncology 55 30539341
2016 TRIM44 promotes proliferation and metastasis in non‑small cell lung cancer via mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 52 27058415
2018 Elevated TRIM44 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by inducing cell EMT via MAPK signaling. Cancer medicine 50 29446253
2009 TRIM44 interacts with and stabilizes terf, a TRIM ubiquitin E3 ligase. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 48 19358823
2017 Knockdown of TRIM44 inhibits the proliferation and invasion in papillary thyroid cancer cells through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 46 28965013
2016 High expression of TRIM44 is associated with enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 46 27619678
2021 TRIM44 links the UPS to SQSTM1/p62-dependent aggrephagy and removing misfolded proteins. Autophagy 44 34382902
2018 TRIM44 promotes quiescent multiple myeloma cell occupancy and survival in the osteoblastic niche via HIF-1α stabilization. Leukemia 43 30089913
2020 ELFN1-AS1 accelerates the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer via regulation of miR-4644/TRIM44 axis. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 41 31929141
2019 Long Noncoding RNA LINC00265 Promotes Glycolysis and Lactate Production of Colorectal Cancer through Regulating of miR-216b-5p/TRIM44 Axis. Digestion 40 31079111
2019 TRIM44 is indispensable for glioma cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through AKT/p21/p27 signaling pathway. Journal of neuro-oncology 37 31605296
2020 TRIM44 promotes cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting FRK in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer science 32 31883420
2017 Knockdown of TRIM44 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells. Oncology research 32 28160462
2020 Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA DUXAP8 suppresses proliferation, metastasis and EMT by modulating miR-498 through TRIM44-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 31 32271433
2021 Circ_0056285 Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis and Glycolysis of Osteosarcoma Cells via miR-1244/TRIM44 Axis. Cancer management and research 28 33603471
2015 Variants in TRIM44 Cause Aniridia by Impairing PAX6 Expression. Human mutation 28 26394807
2021 YTHDF1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells by regulating TRIM44. Genes & genomics 26 34677810
2021 TRIM44 mediated p62 deubiquitination enhances DNA damage repair by increasing nuclear FLNA and 53BP1 expression. Oncogene 25 34211088
2019 TRIM44 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Through the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. OncoTargets and therapy 24 31849481
2022 TRIM44 promotes BRCA1 functions in HR repair to induce Cisplatin Chemoresistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Deubiquitinating FLNA. International journal of biological sciences 23 35541909
2017 Overexpression of TRIM44 is related to invasive potential and malignant outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 23 28618928
2022 Exosomal circNFIX promotes angiogenesis in ovarian cancer via miR-518a-3p/TRIM44 axis. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 21 36448712
2022 TRIM44 regulates tumor immunity in gastric cancer through LOXL2-dependent extracellular matrix remodeling. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 20 36512309
2021 Circular RNA circ_0020123 Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression Through miR-384/TRIM44 Axis. Cancer management and research 19 33442296
2018 TRIM44, a crucial target of miR-410, functions as a potential oncogene in osteosarcoma. OncoTargets and therapy 16 29950867
2021 MiR-34a-5p directly targeting TRIM44 affects the biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 15 33629295
2021 TRIM44 facilitates ovarian cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting FRK. Neoplasma 15 34034495
2021 Circular RNA circWDR27 Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-215-5p/TRIM44 Axis. OncoTargets and therapy 11 34040392
2022 Cardiac-specific Trim44 knockout in rat attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibition of AKT/mTOR pathway. Disease models & mechanisms 10 35855640
2021 Knockdown of circRAD23B Exerts Antitumor Response in Colorectal Cancer via the Regulation of miR-1205/TRIM44 axis. Digestive diseases and sciences 10 33634427
2021 Sesamin exerts anti-tumor activity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via inhibition of TRIM44 and NF-κB signaling. Chemical biology & drug design 10 34411455
2020 MicroRNA-623 Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Attenuate Glioma Proliferation by Targeting TRIM44. OncoTargets and therapy 10 33061418
2020 The Novel Target of Colorectal Carcinoma: TRIM44 Regulates Cell Migration and Invasion via Activation of CXCR4/NF-κB Signaling. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 10 33151473
2018 High TRIM44 expression in endometrial carcinoma is associated with a poorer patient outcome. Pathology, research and practice 10 29526558
2021 Inhibition of SPATS2 Suppresses Proliferation and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through TRIM44-STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Journal of Cancer 9 33391405
2023 TRIM44 aggravates cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction via TAK1 stabilization. Cellular signalling 8 37271349
2024 TRIM44 enhances autophagy via SQSTM1 oligomerization in response to oxidative stress. Scientific reports 7 39152142
2022 Silencing of TRIM44 Inhibits Inflammation and Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats by Downregulating TLR4-NF-κB Signaling. Neuroimmunomodulation 7 35609523
2020 Knockdown of HIF1A-AS2 suppresses TRIM44 to protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury. Cell biology international 7 32222118
2024 Overexpression of TRIM44 mediates the NF-κB pathway to promote the progression of ovarian cancer. Genes & genomics 6 38691326
2022 LINC00958/miR-627 signal axis regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid papillary carcinoma cells by TRIM44. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 5 35199939
2022 Knockdown of TRIM44 inhibits the progression of ovarian cancer and is related to the FOXM1-EZH2 signaling pathway. Translational cancer research 5 35281418
2021 Long noncoding RNA LINC00858 promotes the progression of ovarian cancer via regulating the miR-134-5p/TRIM44 axis. Journal of receptor and signal transduction research 5 34423728
2020 Enhanced Chitin Deacetylase Production Ability of Rhodococcus equi CGMCC14861 by Co-culture Fermentation With Staphylococcus sp. MC7. Frontiers in microbiology 5 33362742
2023 Silencing LINC00491 inhibits prostate cancer development through the miR-384/TRIM44 axis. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 4 37070216
2022 CircFBXW8 Acts an Oncogenic Role in the Malignant Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma by miR-370-3p-Dependent Regulation of TRIM44. Biochemical genetics 4 34988777
2025 TRIM44 alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting pyroptosis through the NLRP3 pathway. Molecular immunology 3 39813853
2025 Deubiquitinase TRIM44 Promotes Autophagy-Mediated Chemoresistance in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Hematological oncology 3 40677140
2024 TRIM44 Promotes Rabies Virus Replication by Autophagy-Dependent Mechanism. International journal of molecular sciences 3 38731834
2022 Clinical Significance of TRIM44 Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 3 35633558
2022 The AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway Was Mediated through the LINC00514/miR-28-5p/TRIM44 Axis. Disease markers 3 36193506
2025 NAT10 Knockdown Improves Cisplatin Sensitivity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Inhibiting the TRIM44/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Thoracic cancer 2 40324967
2024 PARP1-TRIM44-MRN loop dictates the response to PARP inhibitors. Nucleic acids research 2 39217466
2022 Expression of TRIM44 and its correlation with TLR4 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) 2 36227676
2022 TRIM44 Promotes Endometrial Carcinoma Progression by Activating the FRS2 Signalling Pathway. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2 36387361
2020 Alteration in Expression of Trim29, TRIM37, TRIM44, and β-Catenin Genes After Irradiation in Human Cells with Different Radiosensitivity. Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals 2 32833505
2025 Aberrant expression of TRIM44, transcriptionally regulated by KLF9, contributes to the process of diabetic retinopathy. Journal of translational medicine 1 40217303
2025 Loss of TRIM44 promotes renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating K48-linked ubiquitination of vimentin. The Journal of biological chemistry 1 40967439
2022 Identification of a 5-Methylcytosine Site (mC-7) That May Inhibit CXCL11 Expression and Regulate E. coli F18 Susceptibility in IPEC-J2 Cells. Veterinary sciences 1 36356076
2026 Remarkable response of gastric adenocarcinoma with FGFR2-TRIM44 fusion to pemigatinib: a case report. Japanese journal of clinical oncology 0 41118275
2026 Spatial-single cell multiomics reveals TRIM44-driven Treg differentiation and drug resistance in AML: Therapeutic reversal by Sinomenine. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 0 41653619
2026 TRIM44 as a Multifunctional Regulator in Cancer and Non-Cancer Diseases: From Oncogenic Driver to Immune and Stress Response Modulator. Protein and peptide letters 0 41863499
2025 TRIM44 facilitates aggressive behaviors in multiple myeloma through promoting ZEB1 deubiquitination. Discover oncology 0 40014271
2025 LncRNA ELDR promotes bladder cancer malignant progression by regulating the miR-1343-3p/TRIM44 axis. Frontiers in oncology 0 41357604
2023 Retracted: TRIM44 Promotes Endometrial Carcinoma Progression by Activating the FRS2 Signalling Pathway. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 0 37501839
2023 Retracted: The AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway was Mediated through the LINC00514/miR-28-5p/TRIM44 Axis. Disease markers 0 38077932