Affinage

TRIM44

Tripartite motif-containing protein 44 · UniProt Q96DX7

Length
344 aa
Mass
38.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
71 papers in source corpus 26 papers cited in narrative 25 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TRIM44 is a USP-like TRIM protein that lacks a canonical RING domain but carries an N-terminal ZF UBP (zinc-finger ubiquitin hydrolase) domain, allowing it to act predominantly as a deubiquitinase that stabilizes client proteins by inhibiting their K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (PMID:19358823, PMID:37271349). Through this activity it stabilizes a range of substrates including TRIM17/terf (PMID:19358823), HIF-1α (PMID:30089913), TLR4 (PMID:30922374), FLNA (PMID:35541909), TAK1 (PMID:37271349), and ZEB1 (PMID:40014271), though in clear cell renal cell carcinoma it instead promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of vimentin via its B-box domain, indicating substrate- and context-dependent directionality (PMID:40967439). TRIM44 also bridges the ubiquitin-proteasome system to autophagy: it binds K48-linked ubiquitin chains on aggregated proteins and promotes SQSTM1/p62 oligomerization and cytoplasmic retention to drive aggrephagy (PMID:34382902, PMID:34211088), and this p62 oligomerization couples to PKA-dependent S349 phosphorylation that activates the NFE2L2/NRF2 oxidative stress response (PMID:39152142). In the DNA damage response, TRIM44-mediated p62 retention preserves cytoplasmic FLNA and 53BP1 from degradation to enhance repair (PMID:34211088), and TRIM44 binds PARP1 and shifts to recruiting the MRN complex to double-strand breaks via its ZnF UBP domain, with its loss sensitizing cells to the PARP inhibitor olaparib (PMID:39217466). Downstream of these activities, TRIM44 activates AKT/mTOR, NF-κB, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote proliferation, EMT, and therapy resistance across multiple cancers (PMID:30922374, PMID:25345539, PMID:27058415, PMID:37271349) and pathological cardiac remodeling and fibrosis (PMID:37271349, PMID:35855640). Missense mutations (p.S64Y, p.G155R) in TRIM44 cause aniridia by reducing PAX6 expression (PMID:26394807).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 13 steps
  1. 2009 High

    Established the founding biochemical identity of TRIM44 as a USP-like TRIM that protects client proteins from proteasomal degradation rather than targeting them for it.

    Evidence Co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination reconstitution with UbcH6, and proteasome inhibitor assays showing TRIM44 inhibits K48-linked ubiquitination of TRIM17/terf via its ZF UBP domain

    PMID:19358823

    Open questions at the time
    • No demonstration of intrinsic catalytic deubiquitinase activity in a purified system
    • Domain assignment of ZF UBP function inferred, not mutationally proven here
  2. 2014 Medium

    Connected TRIM44 to a defined oncogenic signaling output, showing it drives NSCLC migration/invasion through NF-κB.

    Evidence Overexpression/knockdown with migration assays and NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) epistasis, with CXCR6/MMP9 readouts

    PMID:25345539

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct molecular link between TRIM44 and NF-κB components
    • Mechanism of pathway activation unresolved
  3. 2016 Medium

    Placed TRIM44 upstream of mTOR in driving proliferation and EMT, extending its signaling reach beyond NF-κB.

    Evidence siRNA/overexpression with cell cycle analysis, EMT readouts, and mTOR inhibitor rescue plus xenografts in NSCLC

    PMID:27058415

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct substrate linking TRIM44 to mTOR activation
    • Pharmacological epistasis only
  4. 2018 Medium

    Identified disease-relevant deubiquitinase substrates (HIF-1α, TLR4), generalizing TRIM44's stabilizing function to hypoxia and innate-immune-receptor signaling.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, mass spectrometry, gain/loss-of-function, and xenograft/niche assays in multiple myeloma and melanoma, with AKT inhibitor and TLR4 interference rescues

    PMID:30089913 PMID:30922374

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct deubiquitination of these substrates by purified TRIM44 not shown
    • Single-lab findings per substrate
  5. 2021 High

    Defined the mechanistic bridge between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy, showing TRIM44 binds K48 chains and drives p62 oligomerization to promote aggrephagy and protect DNA repair factors.

    Evidence Autophagy flux assays, DSP crosslinking, fluorescence imaging of p62 oligomerization, ubiquitination assays, subcellular fractionation, and irradiation experiments

    PMID:34211088 PMID:34382902

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of K48-chain recognition not resolved
    • How UPS suppression upregulates TRIM44 is unclear
  6. 2022 Medium

    Extended TRIM44 into DNA repair and chemoresistance by stabilizing FLNA and promoting BRCA1-dependent homologous recombination.

    Evidence Co-IP, deubiquitination assays, BRCA1 depletion rescue, and xenografts in lung adenocarcinoma

    PMID:35541909

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism linking FLNA stabilization to BRCA1-dependent HR not defined
    • Single-lab study
  7. 2024 High

    Resolved a substrate-switch mechanism whereby TRIM44 regulates PARP1 and, under PARP inhibition, recruits the MRN complex to double-strand breaks via its ZnF UBP domain.

    Evidence Screen of 211 ubiquitin-related proteins, Co-IP, ZnF UBP domain mapping, siRNA, and olaparib survival assays

    PMID:39217466

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural detail of the ZnF UBP-MRN interaction unknown
    • How the binding shift from PARP1 to MRN is triggered not fully defined
  8. 2024 Medium

    Linked TRIM44-driven p62 oligomerization to the NRF2 oxidative stress program via PKA-mediated S349 phosphorylation.

    Evidence Gain/loss-of-function, Co-IP, phosphorylation assays, and PB1 domain-specific constructs under oxidative stress

    PMID:39152142

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct enzymatic basis for oxidation-dependent oligomerization unclear
    • Single-lab study
  9. 2025 High

    Revealed context-dependent directionality: in clear cell RCC, TRIM44 promotes K48 polyubiquitination and degradation of vimentin through its B-box domain, opposite to its stabilizing role elsewhere.

    Evidence Co-IP, K48-specific ubiquitination assays, B-box domain mutants, and in vitro/in vivo gain/loss-of-function

    PMID:40967439

    Open questions at the time
    • What governs the switch between stabilizing and degradative activity is unknown
    • Whether B-box confers E3-like activity directly not established
  10. 2025 Medium

    Reinforced TRIM44's stabilizing role in EMT/cancer aggressiveness by showing deubiquitination of ZEB1 in multiple myeloma.

    Evidence Co-IP/Western, siRNA/overexpression, ubiquitination assays, and xenografts

    PMID:40014271

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct deubiquitination by purified TRIM44 not shown
    • Single study
  11. 2023 Medium

    Demonstrated TRIM44's pathological role in cardiac fibrosis by stabilizing TAK1 to amplify MAPK signaling.

    Evidence K48-specific ubiquitination assays, TAK1 inhibitor rescue, and a mouse MI model with cardiac fibroblast manipulation

    PMID:37271349

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct deubiquitination of TAK1 in a purified system not shown
    • Single-lab study
  12. 2022 Medium

    Provided clean in vivo genetic evidence that TRIM44 drives pathological cardiac remodeling through AKT/mTOR signaling.

    Evidence CRISPR-Cas9 cardiac-specific Trim44 knockout rats with isoproterenol challenge and signaling pathway analysis

    PMID:35855640

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular substrate connecting TRIM44 to AKT/mTOR in heart not identified
    • Single model system
  13. 2015 Medium

    Tied TRIM44 to a Mendelian disease by showing missense mutations cause aniridia through reduced PAX6 expression.

    Evidence Clinical mutation identification, luciferase reporter and overexpression assays in human lens epithelial cells

    PMID:26394807

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which TRIM44 regulates PAX6 expression undefined
    • Single-lab functional study

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how a single ZF UBP/B-box architecture switches TRIM44 between substrate stabilization (deubiquitination) and degradation (polyubiquitination), and whether TRIM44 possesses intrinsic catalytic activity reconstitutable in a purified system.
  • No purified-enzyme reconstitution of deubiquitinase or ligase activity
  • No structural model of substrate selection
  • Determinants of context-dependent directionality unknown

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 4 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 4 GO:0031386 protein tag activity 3
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 3 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 3 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 3
Partners
FLNAHIF1APARP1SQSTM1TAK1TLR4TRIM17ZEB1

Evidence

Reading pass · 25 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 TRIM44 interacts with and stabilizes TRIM17 (terf), a TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase. TRIM44 inhibits ubiquitination of terf (which otherwise undergoes K48-linked polyubiquitination via UbcH6 E2 enzyme) and thereby prevents its proteasomal degradation. The N-terminal ZF UBP (zinc-finger ubiquitin hydrolase) domain of TRIM44 was proposed as the mechanistic basis, leading to classification of TRIM44 as a 'USP-like-TRIM'. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay with UbcH6, proteasome inhibitor treatment in mammalian cells Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 19358823
2018 TRIM44 functions as a deubiquitinase for HIF-1α, stabilizing HIF-1α protein levels during both hypoxia and normoxia in multiple myeloma cells. Stabilized HIF-1α promotes MM cell survival and quiescence in the osteoblastic bone marrow niche. Co-immunoprecipitation, gain- and loss-of-function experiments, xenograft mouse models, fluorescent tracer assays for niche occupancy Leukemia Medium 30089913
2019 TRIM44 directly binds and stabilizes TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) via Co-IP and mass spectrometry, and this stabilization activates the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to drive melanoma EMT and progression. Interference with TLR4 impeded TRIM44-induced tumor progression. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometric analysis, gain- and loss-of-function experiments in cell lines and xenograft mouse models, AKT inhibitor treatment Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research Medium 30922374
2021 TRIM44 links the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to autophagy by binding K48-linked ubiquitin chains on aggregated proteins and promoting SQSTM1/p62 oligomerization, which accelerates aggregate protein clearance via autophagy. Suppression of UPS leads to TRIM44 upregulation, which then activates autophagy. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments, autophagy flux assays (LC3, 3-MA, chloroquine), co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence imaging of p62 oligomerization, DSP crosslinking Autophagy High 34382902
2021 TRIM44 deubiquitinates p62 (SQSTM1), promoting its oligomerization and cytoplasmic retention. This prevents nuclear translocation of p62 upon irradiation, thereby preserving cytoplasmic FLNA and 53BP1 from degradation, which enhances DNA damage repair. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, subcellular fractionation, irradiation experiments, Western blotting, immunofluorescence Oncogene High 34211088
2022 TRIM44 interacts with FLNA (Filamin A) and promotes BRCA1-dependent homologous recombination repair, conferring cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. TRIM44 stabilizes and deubiquitinates FLNA, and FLNA is required for TRIM44's function in drug resistance. Co-immunoprecipitation, microarray analysis, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, BRCA1 depletion rescue experiments, xenograft models International journal of biological sciences Medium 35541909
2024 TRIM44 binds PARP1 and regulates the ubiquitination-PARylation balance of PARP1, facilitating timely recruitment of the MRN complex to double-strand breaks for repair. Upon PARP inhibitor treatment, TRIM44 shifts its binding from PARP1 to the MRN complex via its ZnF UBP domain. TRIM44 knockdown enhances sensitivity to olaparib and overcomes resistance caused by 53BP1 deficiency. Screen of 211 ubiquitin-related proteins, Co-immunoprecipitation, domain-mapping (ZnF UBP), siRNA knockdown, cell survival assays with olaparib Nucleic acids research High 39217466
2024 TRIM44 promotes SQSTM1/p62 oligomerization in both PB1 domain-dependent and oxidation-dependent manners under oxidative stress. TRIM44 amplifies the interaction between protein kinase A and oligomerized SQSTM1, leading to enhanced phosphorylation of SQSTM1 at S349, which activates NFE2L2 (NRF2), a transcription factor in the oxidative stress response. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, Co-immunoprecipitation, phosphorylation assays, fluorescence imaging, domain-specific constructs (PB1) Scientific reports Medium 39152142
2014 TRIM44 promotes NSCLC cell migration and invasion through activation of NF-κB signaling, leading to upregulation of CXCR6 and MMP9. Blocking NF-κB with inhibitor PDTC reversed TRIM44-induced migration/invasion and CXCR6/MMP9 upregulation. Overexpression and siRNA knockdown in cell lines, migration/invasion assays, qPCR, NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) treatment International journal of clinical oncology Medium 25345539
2015 Missense mutations in TRIM44 (p.S64Y and p.G155R) cause aniridia by reducing PAX6 expression. Overexpression of wild-type TRIM44 significantly reduced PAX6 expression in human lens epithelial cells, and the p.G155R mutant had a stronger suppressive effect than wild-type. Luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, overexpression in human lens epithelial cells, clinical mutation identification Human mutation Medium 26394807
2016 TRIM44 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation by accelerating G1/S transition via upregulation of cyclins and CDKs, and induces EMT. TRIM44-induced effects on proliferation, EMT, and mTOR signaling were reversed by mTOR inhibitor treatment, placing TRIM44 upstream of mTOR. siRNA knockdown and overexpression, cell cycle analysis, invasion/migration assays, mTOR inhibitor treatment, in vivo xenograft Oncotarget Medium 27058415
2017 Knockdown of TRIM44 in papillary thyroid cancer cells downregulates β-catenin, cyclin-D1, and c-Myc, and activator of Wnt/β-catenin pathway (LiCl) rescued the anticancer effects of TRIM44 silencing, placing TRIM44 upstream of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. siRNA knockdown, Western blotting, LiCl rescue experiments, proliferation/invasion assays Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Low 28965013
2018 Elevated TRIM44 activates MAPK signaling in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma to induce EMT and apoptosis resistance. MEK inhibitor AZD6244 reversed TRIM44-induced EMT and apoptosis resistance. siRNA knockdown, cDNA overexpression, invasion/migration/apoptosis assays, MEK inhibitor rescue Cancer medicine Low 29446253
2020 TRIM44 promotes renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting FRK (Fyn-related kinase), a tumor suppressor. Cell proliferation inhibited by TRIM44 knockdown was recovered by siFRK co-treatment, demonstrating epistatic relationship. Gain- and loss-of-function by transfection, microarray analysis, Oncomine database integration, siRNA epistasis rescue, cell proliferation assays Cancer science Medium 31883420
2022 TRIM44 directly binds LOXL2 (lysyl oxidase-like 2) as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence, and mediates LOXL2 protein stability via ubiquitination, thereby regulating extracellular matrix remodeling and T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity in gastric cancer. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, ubiquitination assays, in vivo tumor immunity experiments Cellular oncology Medium 36512309
2023 TRIM44 maintains TAK1 stability by inhibiting K48-linked polyubiquitination-mediated degradation of TAK1, thereby increasing phospho-TAK1 levels, activating MAPK signaling, and promoting cardiac fibrosis. Pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 phosphorylation reversed the pro-fibrotic effects of TRIM44. TRIM44 knockdown and overexpression in cardiac fibroblasts, mouse MI model, ubiquitination assays (K48-specific), TAK1 inhibitor rescue, Western blotting Cellular signalling Medium 37271349
2022 Cardiac-specific TRIM44 knockout in rats attenuates isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling by blocking the AKT/mTOR/GSK3β/P70S6K signaling pathway. CRISPR-Cas9-generated cardiac-specific Trim44 knockout rats, isoproterenol treatment, cardiac morphological and functional analysis, molecular signaling pathway analysis by Western blotting Disease models & mechanisms Medium 35855640
2025 TRIM44 promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination of vimentin through its B-box domain, targeting vimentin for proteasomal degradation. Loss of TRIM44 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma leads to vimentin accumulation and promotes migration, invasion, and proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation, K48-specific ubiquitination assays, B-box domain mutants, gain- and loss-of-function in vitro and in vivo, proteasome inhibitor treatment The Journal of biological chemistry High 40967439
2025 TRIM44 facilitates aggressive behaviors in multiple myeloma by deubiquitinating ZEB1, thereby stabilizing ZEB1 protein and promoting MM cell viability, migration, and invasion. Co-immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting, siRNA knockdown and overexpression, ubiquitination assays, xenograft models Discover oncology Medium 40014271
2022 TRIM44 interacts with FRS2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Substrate 2) and negatively regulates BMP4, β-catenin, and TGF-βR1 expression. FRS2 knockdown reversed the effects of TRIM44 overexpression on endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. NOTE: The original paper [PMID:36387361] was subsequently retracted [PMID:37501839]; mechanistic claims should be treated with low confidence. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, loss-of-function rescue experiments, xenograft models Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine Low 36387361 37501839
2025 TRIM44 promotes DLBCL progression and doxorubicin chemoresistance by activating autophagy, as evidenced by increased LC3II/LC3-I ratio, Beclin1 upregulation, and increased autophagosome formation. TRIM44 is a direct target of miR-665 (validated by miRNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assay). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, autophagy flux assays, miRNA pull-down, luciferase reporter assay, xenograft models Hematological oncology Medium 40677140
2024 TRIM44 promotes rabies virus (RABV) replication via an autophagy-dependent mechanism. TRIM44 overexpression activated autophagy and promoted RABV replication, while autophagy inhibition with 3-MA attenuated TRIM44-induced RABV replication. Rapamycin rescued TRIM44-knockdown-induced decreases in LC3B and autophagosome formation and RABV replication. RNA-seq identification of upregulated TRIM44 post-infection, overexpression and knockdown experiments, autophagy inhibition (3-MA, rapamycin), LC3B/autophagosome quantification International journal of molecular sciences Medium 38731834
2021 TRIM44 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells downregulates FOXM1, EZH2, CCNE2, CCND3, and BIRC5, at least in part through inactivation of the FOXM1-EZH2 signaling pathway, as revealed by gene chip and IPA analysis. shRNA knockdown, gene chip analysis, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), Western blotting, in vitro proliferation/invasion assays, xenograft Translational cancer research Low 35281418
2022 TRIM44 regulates TRIM44 mRNA stability in an ac4C (N4-acetylcytidine) modification-dependent manner via NAT10 in NSCLC; NAT10 maintains TRIM44 mRNA stability, and NAT10 knockdown reduces TRIM44 levels, inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway. RNA immunoprecipitation assay (confirming NAT10-TRIM44 mRNA interaction), Western blotting, qRT-PCR, PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) rescue, xenograft models Thoracic cancer Low 40324967
2019 TRIM44 promotes glioma cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through the AKT/p21/p27 pathway; TRIM44 deficiency upregulates cell cycle inhibitors p21/p27 and inactivates AKT in glioma cells. shRNA knockdown, BrdU incorporation, colony formation, FACS analysis, xenograft, Western blotting of AKT/p21/p27 Journal of neuro-oncology Low 31605296

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 71 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2012 Overexpression of TRIM44 contributes to malignant outcome in gastric carcinoma. Cancer science 73 22862969
2019 miR-192-5p suppresses the progression of lung cancer bone metastasis by targeting TRIM44. Scientific reports 64 31873114
2019 TRIM44 activates the AKT/mTOR signal pathway to induce melanoma progression by stabilizing TLR4. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 58 30922374
2014 Trim44 facilitates the migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway. International journal of clinical oncology 57 25345539
2018 TRIM44 promotes human esophageal cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Cancer science 55 30098109
2018 MiR-101-3p inhibits EMT to attenuate proliferation and metastasis in glioblastoma by targeting TRIM44. Journal of neuro-oncology 55 30539341
2016 TRIM44 promotes proliferation and metastasis in non‑small cell lung cancer via mTOR signaling pathway. Oncotarget 52 27058415
2018 Elevated TRIM44 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by inducing cell EMT via MAPK signaling. Cancer medicine 51 29446253
2009 TRIM44 interacts with and stabilizes terf, a TRIM ubiquitin E3 ligase. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 49 19358823
2017 Knockdown of TRIM44 inhibits the proliferation and invasion in papillary thyroid cancer cells through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 47 28965013
2016 High expression of TRIM44 is associated with enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 47 27619678
2021 TRIM44 links the UPS to SQSTM1/p62-dependent aggrephagy and removing misfolded proteins. Autophagy 45 34382902
2018 TRIM44 promotes quiescent multiple myeloma cell occupancy and survival in the osteoblastic niche via HIF-1α stabilization. Leukemia 43 30089913
2020 ELFN1-AS1 accelerates the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer via regulation of miR-4644/TRIM44 axis. Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers 42 31929141
2019 Long Noncoding RNA LINC00265 Promotes Glycolysis and Lactate Production of Colorectal Cancer through Regulating of miR-216b-5p/TRIM44 Axis. Digestion 41 31079111
2019 TRIM44 is indispensable for glioma cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through AKT/p21/p27 signaling pathway. Journal of neuro-oncology 37 31605296
2020 TRIM44 promotes cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting FRK in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer science 32 31883420
2017 Knockdown of TRIM44 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells. Oncology research 32 28160462
2020 Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA DUXAP8 suppresses proliferation, metastasis and EMT by modulating miR-498 through TRIM44-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 31 32271433
2021 Circ_0056285 Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis and Glycolysis of Osteosarcoma Cells via miR-1244/TRIM44 Axis. Cancer management and research 28 33603471
2015 Variants in TRIM44 Cause Aniridia by Impairing PAX6 Expression. Human mutation 28 26394807
2021 YTHDF1 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells by regulating TRIM44. Genes & genomics 27 34677810
2021 TRIM44 mediated p62 deubiquitination enhances DNA damage repair by increasing nuclear FLNA and 53BP1 expression. Oncogene 25 34211088
2019 TRIM44 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Through the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. OncoTargets and therapy 25 31849481
2022 TRIM44 promotes BRCA1 functions in HR repair to induce Cisplatin Chemoresistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Deubiquitinating FLNA. International journal of biological sciences 24 35541909
2017 Overexpression of TRIM44 is related to invasive potential and malignant outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 23 28618928
2022 Exosomal circNFIX promotes angiogenesis in ovarian cancer via miR-518a-3p/TRIM44 axis. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 21 36448712
2022 TRIM44 regulates tumor immunity in gastric cancer through LOXL2-dependent extracellular matrix remodeling. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 20 36512309
2021 Circular RNA circ_0020123 Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression Through miR-384/TRIM44 Axis. Cancer management and research 19 33442296
2018 TRIM44, a crucial target of miR-410, functions as a potential oncogene in osteosarcoma. OncoTargets and therapy 16 29950867
2021 MiR-34a-5p directly targeting TRIM44 affects the biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 15 33629295
2021 TRIM44 facilitates ovarian cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting FRK. Neoplasma 15 34034495
2021 Inhibition of SPATS2 Suppresses Proliferation and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through TRIM44-STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Journal of Cancer 11 33391405
2021 Knockdown of circRAD23B Exerts Antitumor Response in Colorectal Cancer via the Regulation of miR-1205/TRIM44 axis. Digestive diseases and sciences 11 33634427
2021 Circular RNA circWDR27 Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-215-5p/TRIM44 Axis. OncoTargets and therapy 11 34040392
2021 Sesamin exerts anti-tumor activity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via inhibition of TRIM44 and NF-κB signaling. Chemical biology & drug design 11 34411455
2020 The Novel Target of Colorectal Carcinoma: TRIM44 Regulates Cell Migration and Invasion via Activation of CXCR4/NF-κB Signaling. Cell biochemistry and biophysics 11 33151473
2022 Cardiac-specific Trim44 knockout in rat attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibition of AKT/mTOR pathway. Disease models & mechanisms 10 35855640
2020 MicroRNA-623 Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Attenuate Glioma Proliferation by Targeting TRIM44. OncoTargets and therapy 10 33061418
2018 High TRIM44 expression in endometrial carcinoma is associated with a poorer patient outcome. Pathology, research and practice 10 29526558
2023 TRIM44 aggravates cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction via TAK1 stabilization. Cellular signalling 8 37271349
2024 TRIM44 enhances autophagy via SQSTM1 oligomerization in response to oxidative stress. Scientific reports 7 39152142
2022 Silencing of TRIM44 Inhibits Inflammation and Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats by Downregulating TLR4-NF-κB Signaling. Neuroimmunomodulation 7 35609523
2020 Knockdown of HIF1A-AS2 suppresses TRIM44 to protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury. Cell biology international 7 32222118
2024 Overexpression of TRIM44 mediates the NF-κB pathway to promote the progression of ovarian cancer. Genes & genomics 6 38691326
2022 LINC00958/miR-627 signal axis regulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid papillary carcinoma cells by TRIM44. The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 5 35199939
2022 Knockdown of TRIM44 inhibits the progression of ovarian cancer and is related to the FOXM1-EZH2 signaling pathway. Translational cancer research 5 35281418
2021 Long noncoding RNA LINC00858 promotes the progression of ovarian cancer via regulating the miR-134-5p/TRIM44 axis. Journal of receptor and signal transduction research 5 34423728
2020 Enhanced Chitin Deacetylase Production Ability of Rhodococcus equi CGMCC14861 by Co-culture Fermentation With Staphylococcus sp. MC7. Frontiers in microbiology 5 33362742
2025 Deubiquitinase TRIM44 Promotes Autophagy-Mediated Chemoresistance in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Hematological oncology 4 40677140
2024 TRIM44 Promotes Rabies Virus Replication by Autophagy-Dependent Mechanism. International journal of molecular sciences 4 38731834
2023 Silencing LINC00491 inhibits prostate cancer development through the miR-384/TRIM44 axis. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology 4 37070216
2022 CircFBXW8 Acts an Oncogenic Role in the Malignant Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma by miR-370-3p-Dependent Regulation of TRIM44. Biochemical genetics 4 34988777
2025 TRIM44 alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting pyroptosis through the NLRP3 pathway. Molecular immunology 3 39813853
2025 NAT10 Knockdown Improves Cisplatin Sensitivity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Inhibiting the TRIM44/PI3K/AKT Pathway. Thoracic cancer 3 40324967
2022 Clinical Significance of TRIM44 Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 3 35633558
2022 The AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway Was Mediated through the LINC00514/miR-28-5p/TRIM44 Axis. Disease markers 3 36193506
2025 Loss of TRIM44 promotes renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating K48-linked ubiquitination of vimentin. The Journal of biological chemistry 2 40967439
2024 PARP1-TRIM44-MRN loop dictates the response to PARP inhibitors. Nucleic acids research 2 39217466
2022 Expression of TRIM44 and its correlation with TLR4 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) 2 36227676
2022 TRIM44 Promotes Endometrial Carcinoma Progression by Activating the FRS2 Signalling Pathway. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2 36387361
2020 Alteration in Expression of Trim29, TRIM37, TRIM44, and β-Catenin Genes After Irradiation in Human Cells with Different Radiosensitivity. Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals 2 32833505
2025 Aberrant expression of TRIM44, transcriptionally regulated by KLF9, contributes to the process of diabetic retinopathy. Journal of translational medicine 1 40217303
2022 Identification of a 5-Methylcytosine Site (mC-7) That May Inhibit CXCL11 Expression and Regulate E. coli F18 Susceptibility in IPEC-J2 Cells. Veterinary sciences 1 36356076
2026 Remarkable response of gastric adenocarcinoma with FGFR2-TRIM44 fusion to pemigatinib: a case report. Japanese journal of clinical oncology 0 41118275
2026 Spatial-single cell multiomics reveals TRIM44-driven Treg differentiation and drug resistance in AML: Therapeutic reversal by Sinomenine. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 0 41653619
2026 TRIM44 as a Multifunctional Regulator in Cancer and Non-Cancer Diseases: From Oncogenic Driver to Immune and Stress Response Modulator. Protein and peptide letters 0 41863499
2025 TRIM44 facilitates aggressive behaviors in multiple myeloma through promoting ZEB1 deubiquitination. Discover oncology 0 40014271
2025 LncRNA ELDR promotes bladder cancer malignant progression by regulating the miR-1343-3p/TRIM44 axis. Frontiers in oncology 0 41357604
2023 Retracted: TRIM44 Promotes Endometrial Carcinoma Progression by Activating the FRS2 Signalling Pathway. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 0 37501839
2023 Retracted: The AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway was Mediated through the LINC00514/miR-28-5p/TRIM44 Axis. Disease markers 0 38077932

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