Affinage

TRIM33

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33 · UniProt Q9UPN9

Length
1127 aa
Mass
122.5 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 41 papers cited in narrative 41 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TRIM33 (TIF1γ) is a multifunctional nuclear E3 ubiquitin and SUMO ligase that integrates chromatin reading with transcriptional regulation and signal transduction across hematopoietic, immune, and epithelial lineages. Its PHD finger–bromodomain cassette recognizes histone H3 tails unmethylated at K4/R2 and acetylated at specific lysines—and uniquely among bromodomains binds histone lysine lactylation—coupling chromatin state to its RING-dependent E3 ligase activity, which ubiquitinates Smad4, β-catenin, E2f4, p53, HIV-1 integrase, and other substrates, and SUMOylates SnoN1 cooperatively with PIAS1 to suppress TGF-β-induced EMT (PMID:21726812, PMID:39556662, PMID:25639486, PMID:25059663, PMID:32770107). TRIM33 competitively binds receptor-phosphorylated Smad2/3 away from Smad4, separating TGF-β signaling into a TRIM33-dependent differentiation arm and a Smad4-dependent antiproliferative arm, while also promoting transcription elongation at lineage-specific genes by recruiting p-TEFb and the FACT complex in partnership with lineage-determining transcription factors PU.1, TAL1/SCL, and the androgen receptor (PMID:16751102, PMID:20603019, PMID:21474105, PMID:35785414). These elongation and chromatin-remodeling activities underpin TRIM33's essential roles in erythropoiesis, dendritic cell commitment upstream of IRF8, macrophage inflammatory gene regulation, Th17 differentiation, and coenzyme Q biosynthesis, and its loss leads to chromosomal instability, impaired DNA damage response through dysregulated ALC1, and replication stress sensitivity via E2f4-Recql stabilization (PMID:33986176, PMID:38608038, PMID:23926104, PMID:37612308, PMID:26282171).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 17 steps
  1. 1999 High

    Establishing TRIM33's domain architecture (RING, B-box, coiled-coil, PHD, bromodomain) and intrinsic transcriptional repression activity distinguished it from paralogs TIF1α and TIF1β and set the framework for all subsequent functional studies.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, and domain-deletion reporter assays in mammalian cells

    PMID:10022127

    Open questions at the time
    • No endogenous target genes identified
    • No E3 ligase activity tested
    • Physiological role unknown
  2. 2006 High

    Demonstrating that TIF1γ competitively binds phospho-Smad2/3 away from Smad4 revealed a bifurcation of TGF-β signaling into distinct effector arms—TIF1γ for differentiation and Smad4 for growth arrest—answering how a single pathway drives divergent cell-fate outcomes.

    Evidence Reciprocal Co-IP, GST pulldown, siRNA knockdown in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with erythroid differentiation and proliferation readouts

    PMID:16751102

    Open questions at the time
    • Chromatin-level mechanism of TIF1γ-Smad target gene selection unknown
    • Whether TIF1γ possesses E3 ligase activity toward Smads not yet tested
  3. 2010 High

    Identifying TIF1γ as a transcription elongation factor—through physical interaction with p-TEFb and FACT and genetic epistasis with pausing regulators—explained how it activates blood-specific genes beyond simply modulating Smad signaling.

    Evidence Genetic epistasis in zebrafish moonshine mutants, Co-IP of TIF1γ with SCL/p-TEFb/FACT, ChIP in human CD34+ cells

    PMID:20603019

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether elongation function is general or restricted to erythroid loci
    • Direct biochemical mechanism of Pol II pause release by TIF1γ not reconstituted
  4. 2011 High

    Three advances converged: the PHD-bromodomain was shown to read unmodified H3K4/H3R2 and acetylated H3 to activate TRIM33's E3 ligase activity toward Smad4; TRIM33 was found to form macromolecular complexes with TRIM24/TRIM28 that suppress hepatocellular carcinoma; and TRIM33 was shown to be recruited by TAL1 and PU.1 to specific hematopoietic enhancers.

    Evidence Histone peptide binding/in vitro ubiquitination/mutagenesis (PMID:21726812); MS-confirmed TRIM24/28/33 complex with conditional KO HCC models (PMID:21531907); Co-IP, ChIP, conditional KO HSC transplantation (PMID:21474105); ChIP on PAI-1 promoter with EMT assay (PMID:21597466)

    PMID:21474105 PMID:21531907 PMID:21597466 PMID:21726812

    Open questions at the time
    • Crystal structure of PHD-bromodomain with histone peptide not yet solved
    • How TRIM24/TRIM28/TRIM33 complexes cooperate mechanistically unclear
    • E3 activity toward Smad4 shown in vitro but not validated at endogenous chromatin targets
  5. 2013 High

    Two discoveries established TRIM33's regulation by and of the SUMO pathway: its own sumoylation is required for Smad complex repression, and it participates in the PARP1/ALC1-dependent DNA damage response at laser-induced lesions, broadening its functions beyond TGF-β signaling.

    Evidence Sumoylation site mutagenesis with ChIP on PAI-1 promoter and EMT assay (PMID:23788427); AP-MS, live-cell imaging of TRIM33 recruitment to damage sites, siRNA epistasis with ALC1 (PMID:23926104)

    PMID:23788427 PMID:23926104

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of SUMO E3 ligase acting on TRIM33 itself unknown at this point
    • Direct substrates of TRIM33 at DNA damage sites not identified
    • Structural basis of sumoylation-dependent Smad regulation unclear
  6. 2014 High

    Reconstitution of TRIM33 as a bona fide SUMO E3 ligase for SnoN1—requiring a unique 16-amino-acid SnoN1 peptide—demonstrated dual E3 ligase specificity (ubiquitin and SUMO) and linked it to EMT suppression through a non-Smad mechanism.

    Evidence In vitro sumoylation assay with purified proteins, domain mapping, 3D NMuMG organoid EMT assay (PMID:25059663); conditional KO HSC with Tgfbr1 regulation (PMID:25002492)

    PMID:25002492 PMID:25059663

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM33 SUMOylates substrates beyond SnoN1 not established
    • Mechanism of Tgfbr1 turnover by TIF1γ not biochemically defined
  7. 2015 High

    Multiple studies expanded TRIM33's substrate repertoire and genomic functions: it ubiquitinates nuclear β-catenin in a PKCδ/Ser715-dependent manner, is recruited by PU.1 to a single enhancer controlling Bim to prevent leukemia apoptosis, and represses Ifnb1 by blocking CBP/p300 recruitment at a distal control element.

    Evidence In vitro ubiquitination and kinase assays with tumor models (PMID:25639486); ChIP-seq and enhancer deletion in B-ALL (PMID:25919951); ChIP-seq, 3C/4C, KO macrophages with LPS (PMID:26592194); mitotic checkpoint assays with KD (PMID:26282171)

    PMID:25639486 PMID:25919951 PMID:26282171 PMID:26592194

    Open questions at the time
    • How TRIM33 distinguishes its many E3 substrates at different genomic contexts unknown
    • Mechanism of spindle assembly checkpoint regulation biochemically undefined
    • Whether β-catenin ubiquitination occurs at specific chromatin loci not tested
  8. 2016 High

    The demonstration that adenovirus E4-ORF3 hijacks TRIM33 as a substrate for viral SUMO E3 ligase activity, with poly-SUMO3 chain extension, established that TRIM33 is a target of pathogen immune evasion through SUMO modification.

    Evidence In vitro sumoylation reconstitution with purified E4-ORF3 and TIF1γ, SUMO chain elongation, multimerization mutants

    PMID:27247387

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of E4-ORF3-mediated TRIM33 sumoylation for infection outcome not fully defined
    • Whether other viruses similarly exploit TRIM33 unknown
  9. 2017 Medium

    In vivo studies extended TRIM33's lineage roles to myeloid cell motility (macrophage/microglia colonization), myeloid inflammatory gene regulation, testicular retrotransposon silencing via A-MYB ubiquitination, and BMP-pathway osteoblast differentiation, revealing tissue-wide pleiotropic functions.

    Evidence Zebrafish live imaging and mouse BMDM collagen motility (PMID:28063228 for BMP/osteoblast; PMID:28724755 for motility); ChIP-seq in myeloid cells with conditional KO and LPS challenge (PMID:27974684); ChIP-seq and ubiquitination in testis (PMID:26624618)

    PMID:26624618 PMID:27974684 PMID:28063228 PMID:28724755

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular target mediating cell motility not identified
    • A-MYB ubiquitination not independently confirmed
    • How TRIM33 promotes Smad1/5 phosphorylation in BMP signaling is unclear
  10. 2018 High

    c-Abl tyrosine phosphorylation of TRIM33 at three sites was shown to disrupt Smad3 binding, revealing a mechanism by which EGF synergizes with TGF-β to overcome TRIM33-mediated EMT suppression; concurrently, TRIM33's Smad2-dependent recruitment to Il17a and Il10 loci was shown to govern Th17 inflammatory function.

    Evidence Phosphosite mutagenesis and rescue with EGF/TGF-β EMT assays (PMID:30177833); conditional T-cell KO with ChIP at cytokine loci and autoimmune model (PMID:29930104)

    PMID:29930104 PMID:30177833

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether other kinases regulate TRIM33 at different sites unknown
    • Chromatin remodeling mechanism at Il17a/Il10 not biochemically reconstituted
  11. 2019 High

    Two studies defined TRIM33's interaction with the FACT complex at distal regulatory elements: in macrophages TRIM33 retains SPT16/FACT and positioned nucleosomes at PU.1-bound enhancers to prevent aberrant transcription, and TRIM33 targets HIV-1 integrase for proteasomal degradation, restricting viral replication.

    Evidence ChIP-seq for SPT16/TRIM33, Co-IP, nucleosome positioning in TRIM33 KO macrophages (PMID:31331374); RNAi screen with HIV integration assays (PMID:30804369)

    PMID:30804369 PMID:31331374

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether FACT retention mechanism involves direct TRIM33 ubiquitin ligase activity at enhancers not determined
    • HIV integrase ubiquitination sites not mapped
  12. 2020 High

    PIAS1 and TIF1γ were shown to collaborate as SUMO E3 ligases in a trimeric complex with SnoN, and HSPB5 was identified as a direct TRIM33 binding partner that destabilizes it, with TRIM33 loss increasing TGF-β1-driven fibrosis.

    Evidence Trimeric complex Co-IP and in vitro SUMO assay with 3D breast organoid EMT (PMID:32770107); HSPB5 direct binding with conditional KO bleomycin fibrosis model (PMID:32184320)

    PMID:32184320 PMID:32770107

    Open questions at the time
    • How PIAS1 and TIF1γ coordinate E3 activity structurally unknown
    • Whether HSPB5-mediated destabilization is tissue-specific not tested
  13. 2021 High

    A chemical suppressor screen in zebrafish revealed that TIF1γ's transcription elongation function directly controls coenzyme Q biosynthetic gene expression; CoQ deficiency alters succinate/α-KG ratios, increases histone methylation, and blocks erythropoiesis—linking chromatin-reading and elongation to metabolic output.

    Evidence Chemical genetic screen in tif1γ mutant zebrafish, metabolomics, histone methylation assays, CoQ analog rescue

    PMID:33986176

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CoQ pathway regulation by TRIM33 is conserved in mammals not fully confirmed
    • Direct TRIM33 occupancy at CoQ biosynthetic gene loci not shown
  14. 2022 High

    Multiple substrate-level discoveries demonstrated TRIM33's broad E3 ligase repertoire: it facilitates AR chromatin binding and protects AR from Skp2-mediated degradation in prostate cancer, promotes K63-ubiquitination of Annexin A2 driving NF-κB inflammatory signaling, co-localizes with PML nuclear bodies in ESCs to regulate Lefty1/2, and ubiquitinates TAF15 for nuclear export to suppress IL-6/EMT.

    Evidence Proteomics/ChIP-seq for AR (PMID:35785414); K63-Ub assay and NF-κB Co-IP (PMID:36096861); TurboID/4C-seq for PML-NB co-regulation of Lefty (PMID:36524443); TAF15 ubiquitination and TBP competition (PMID:36261009); TFRC ubiquitination and ferroptosis (PMID:38909931)

    PMID:35785414 PMID:36096861 PMID:36261009 PMID:36524443 PMID:38909931

    Open questions at the time
    • How substrate selectivity is achieved among many targets remains a central unresolved question
    • AR stabilization versus chromatin modification mechanisms appear contradictory across studies
    • K63-linked Annexin A2 ubiquitination awaits independent confirmation
  15. 2023 High

    TRIM33 was shown to ubiquitinate E2f4 for degradation, limiting E2f4-Recql chromatin association; replicative stress relieves this control to promote fork recovery—establishing TRIM33 as a replication stress response factor. Separately, TRIM33 itself was identified as a substrate of TRIM21 (K48-Ub at K5) and stabilized by the DUB YOD1.

    Evidence Ubiquitination assays, ChIP-seq, DNA fiber assays for E2f4-Recql (PMID:37612308); TRIM21/TRIM33 Co-IP and K5 site ubiquitination (PMID:37771771); YOD1-TRIM33 Co-IP and stabilization (PMID:37573347)

    PMID:37573347 PMID:37612308 PMID:37771771

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM33-E2f4 axis operates in non-transformed cells not confirmed
    • How TRIM21 and YOD1 activities on TRIM33 are coordinated in physiological contexts unknown
  16. 2024 High

    The TRIM33 bromodomain was found to uniquely recognize histone lysine lactylation (Kla) via a glutamic acid residue in its binding pocket, expanding the chromatin marks it reads. Concurrently, genome-wide CRISPR screens and conditional KO revealed TRIM33 as essential for dendritic cell lineage commitment upstream of IRF8, operating through CDK9-dependent transcription elongation at Irf8 and PU.1-dependent Bim repression. TRIM33 was also shown to ubiquitinate p53 at K351 promoting glycolysis.

    Evidence AlphaScreen of 28 bromodomains, ITC, NMR, mutagenesis for Kla (PMID:39556662); CRISPR screen and conditional KO for DC (PMID:38608038); ChIP for CDK9/S2P-Pol II at Irf8 (PMID:38822080); p53 K351 ubiquitination assay (PMID:39389957)

    PMID:38608038 PMID:38822080 PMID:39389957 PMID:39556662

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of Kla reading by TRIM33 in vivo not established
    • Whether DC lineage role involves TRIM33's SUMO E3 activity not tested
    • p53 K351 ubiquitination from single lab
  17. 2025 Medium

    A contrasting study found that TRIM33 loss reduces H2BK120 ubiquitination and AR transcriptional output without affecting AR protein stability, suggesting TRIM33 supports AR function through chromatin modification rather than protein stabilization.

    Evidence Co-IP, ChIP-seq, H2BK120ub measurement, AR stability assays across prostate cancer lines

    PMID:40646276

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TRIM33 directly ubiquitinates H2BK120 or acts indirectly not determined
    • Discrepancy with earlier AR stabilization study not resolved
    • Mechanism linking TRIM33 to the H2B ubiquitination machinery unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Central unresolved questions include: how TRIM33 achieves substrate selectivity among its numerous ubiquitin and SUMO targets; whether its bromodomain Kla-reading activity has distinct physiological outputs from its canonical acetyl-lysine reading; the structural basis of chromatin-activated E3 ligase activity; and how its elongation, E3 ligase, and chromatin-reading functions are coordinated at individual genomic loci.
  • No structural model of full-length TRIM33 or chromatin-engaged TRIM33
  • Substrate selectivity mechanism unknown
  • Kla-reading functional consequences in vivo untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 11 GO:0016874 ligase activity 7 GO:0140110 transcription regulator activity 7 GO:0042393 histone binding 2
Localization
GO:0005634 nucleus 9 GO:0005694 chromosome 3
Pathway
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 10 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 6 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 5 R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair 1
Partners
ALC1CDK9PU.1SMAD2SMAD4SUPT16HTAL1TRIM24
Complex memberships
SnoN1-TIF1γ-PIAS1TRIM24-TRIM28-TRIM33

Evidence

Reading pass · 41 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2006 TIF1γ (TRIM33) selectively binds receptor-phosphorylated Smad2/3 in competition with Smad4, forming a distinct effector arm of the TGFβ pathway. In human hematopoietic cells, TIF1γ mediates erythroid differentiation response while Smad4 mediates the antiproliferative response downstream of TGFβ. Co-immunoprecipitation, GST pulldown, siRNA knockdown in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with functional differentiation and proliferation readouts Cell High 16751102
1999 TIF1γ contains RING finger, B-box, coiled-coil, PHD/TTC, and bromodomain architecture. Unlike TIF1α, it does not interact with nuclear receptors or HP1 proteins; unlike TIF1β, it does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain. Deletion of the TIF1 signature sequence (TSS) abrogates its transcriptional repression activity. Yeast two-hybrid, GST pulldown, domain-deletion transfection reporter assays in mammalian cells Oncogene High 10022127
2010 TIF1γ controls erythroid cell fate by promoting transcription elongation: it physically interacts with the blood-specific SCL transcription complex and positive elongation factors p-TEFb and FACT, and recruits them to erythroid genes to counteract RNA Pol II pausing. Loss-of-function of Pol II-associated factors PAF or DSIF rescued erythroid transcription in tif1γ-deficient zebrafish. Genetic epistasis in zebrafish moonshine mutants, co-immunoprecipitation of TIF1γ with SCL complex/p-TEFb/FACT, ChIP in human CD34+ cells Cell High 20603019
2011 The PHD finger-bromodomain of TIF1γ/TRIM33 constitutes a multivalent histone-binding module that specifically recognizes histone H3 tails unmethylated at K4 and R2 and acetylated at key lysines. This chromatin binding activates TIF1γ's E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward Smad4 and its transcriptional repressor activity. Histone peptide binding assays, in vitro ubiquitination assays, PHD-bromodomain mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation Molecular Cell High 21726812
2011 TRIM24, TRIM28, and TRIM33 physically associate to form at least two macromolecular complexes (TRIM24-TRIM33 and TRIM24-TRIM28-TRIM33), and somatic hepatocyte-specific inactivation of any of these three proteins promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in mice in a cell-autonomous manner. Protein purification and mass spectrometry, conditional knockout mouse models with HCC phenotype assessment PNAS High 21531907
2011 TIF1γ forms complexes with TAL1 or PU.1 in hematopoietic cells, occupies specific subsets of their DNA binding sites in vivo, and represses their transcriptional activity, regulating adult hematopoietic stem cell function. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP, conditional knockout mouse models with HSC transplantation and differentiation assays Cell Stem Cell High 21474105
2015 TRIM33, acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, targets nuclear β-catenin for degradation in a GSK-3β- and β-TrCP-independent manner. Protein kinase Cδ phosphorylates β-catenin at Ser715, which is required for the TRIM33-β-catenin interaction and subsequent ubiquitination. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assays, PKCδ kinase assays, knockdown/overexpression with tumor growth readouts Nature Communications High 25639486
2013 TRIM33 is recruited to DNA damage sites in a PARP1- and ALC1-dependent manner, and interacts with ALC1 after DNA damage. TRIM33-deficient cells show enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage and prolonged ALC1 retention at damage sites; overexpression of TRIM33 alleviates DNA repair defects caused by ALC1 overexpression. Proteomic analysis (AP-MS), live-cell imaging of TRIM33 recruitment to laser damage sites, siRNA knockdown with DNA damage sensitivity assays Journal of Biological Chemistry High 23926104
2015 TRIM33 prevents apoptosis in B lymphoblastic leukemia by associating with a single PU.1-bound enhancer upstream of the pro-apoptotic gene Bim; TRIM33 is recruited by PU.1 to this enhancer and antagonizes PU.1 function. Deletion of this enhancer renders TRIM33 dispensable for leukemia cell survival. ChIP-seq, enhancer deletion by genome editing, shRNA knockdown with apoptosis readout eLife High 25919951
2015 TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 transcription during late-phase macrophage activation by being recruited by PU.1 to a conserved Ifnb1 Control Element (ICE) 15 kb upstream of Ifnb1. At ICE, TRIM33 regulates enhanceosome loading, controls chromatin structure, and represses Ifnb1 transcription by preventing recruitment of CBP/p300. ChIP, ChIP-seq, 3C/4C chromatin interaction assays, TRIM33 KO macrophages with LPS stimulation, ChIP for CBP/p300 Nature Communications High 26592194
2019 TRIM33 (E3 RING ligase) promotes degradation of HIV-1 integrase via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. TRIM33 knockdown in CD4+ cells increases HIV-1 replication and proviral DNA formation; overexpression has opposite effects. RNAi screen against ubiquitin machinery components, high-content microscopy, TRIM33 KD and OE with HIV infection assays, proviral DNA quantification Nature Communications High 30804369
2014 TIF1γ operates as a SUMO E3 ligase (not only a ubiquitin E3 ligase) that promotes sumoylation of SnoN1 at distinct lysine residues via a 16-amino acid peptide unique to SnoN1 (not SnoN2). TIF1γ-induced SnoN1 sumoylation is required to suppress TGFβ-induced EMT in 3D mammary epithelial organoids. Interaction proteomics, in vitro sumoylation assays, domain mapping, 3D NMuMG organoid EMT assay Journal of Biological Chemistry High 25059663
2013 TIF1γ sumoylation is required for its repressive activity on TGFβ signaling. TIF1γ interacts with Ubc9 (the SUMO-conjugating enzyme) and is sumoylated at four functional sites within its middle domain (the Smad interaction domain). A sumoylation-defective mutant significantly reduces TIF1γ inhibition of Smad complexes and Smad4 binding to the PAI-1 promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis of sumoylation sites, ChIP on PAI-1 promoter, EMT assay in mammary epithelial cells Journal of Cell Science High 23788427
2018 Nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase phosphorylates TIF1γ/TRIM33 at Tyr-524, Tyr-610, and Tyr-1048, which reduces TIF1γ association with Smad3 and de-suppresses TGFβ signaling. EGF activates c-Abl to increase TIF1γ tyrosine phosphorylation, synergizing with TGFβ to provoke EMT. Phosphorylation site identification, triple tyrosine-to-phenylalanine (3YF) mutant rescue experiments, co-immunoprecipitation of TIF1γ with Smad3, EGF stimulation assays Oncogene High 30177833
2018 TRIM33 is required for Th17 cell proinflammatory function: it associates with Smad2 and is recruited to the Il17a and Il10 gene loci in a Smad2-dependent manner, mediating chromatin remodeling during Th17 differentiation to induce IL-17 and suppress IL-10 expression. Conditional T cell-specific TRIM33 KO mice, ChIP at Il17a and Il10 loci, in vitro Th17 differentiation assays, autoimmune disease model Journal of Experimental Medicine High 29930104
2016 Adenovirus E4-ORF3 protein acts as a SUMO E3 ligase for TIF1γ sumoylation and can extend poly-SUMO3 chains in vitro; E4-ORF3 self-assembly (multimerization) is required for these activities. E4-ORF3 binds TIF1γ through the Coiled-Coil domain and relocalizes it to nuclear track structures in infected cells. In vitro sumoylation reconstitution with purified E4-ORF3 and TIF1γ, SUMO chain elongation assays, E4-ORF3 multimerization mutants, co-immunoprecipitation PNAS High 27247387
2020 TRIM33 directly associates with HSPB5 (crystallin alpha B), which diminishes TRIM33 protein level and impairs TRIM33/SMAD4 interaction. TRIM33 acts as a negative regulator of TGFβ1/SMAD signaling in lung fibroblasts and macrophages; its loss increases TGFβ1 secretion and downstream fibrogenic gene expression. Direct binding assay (HSPB5-TRIM33), co-immunoprecipitation, conditional KO mouse with bleomycin-induced fibrosis, primary cell cultures European Respiratory Journal High 32184320
2014 Tif1γ controls TGFβ1 receptor (Tgfbr1) turnover: Tif1γ-deficient HSCs have elevated Tgfbr1 levels and increased TGFβ sensitivity. Two HSC populations discriminated by Tgfbr1 expression level (myeloid-biased Tgfbr1-high vs. balanced Tgfbr1-low) are regulated by Tif1γ. Conditional HSC-specific Tif1γ KO mice, flow cytometry, aging phenotype analysis, Tgfbr1 expression and TGFβ signaling assays PNAS Medium 25002492
2022 TRIM33 facilitates androgen receptor (AR) chromatin binding and directly regulates AR-driven transcription in prostate cancer. TRIM33 also protects AR from Skp2-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Proteomics to identify TRIM33 as AR interactor, Co-IP, ChIP-seq for AR with TRIM33 KD, ubiquitination assays with Skp2 EMBO Reports High 35785414
2015 TIF1γ inhibits TGFβ-induced EMT in mammary epithelial cells by competing with Smad4 for binding to Smad2/3, and directly binds and represses the PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) promoter. siRNA knockdown of TIF1γ or Smad4, microarray analysis of TIF1γ target genes, ChIP on PAI-1 promoter, EMT assays EMBO Reports High 21597466
2021 TIF1γ directly controls coenzyme Q (CoQ) synthesis gene expression through transcription elongation, and CoQ levels regulate mitochondrial respiration. Loss of tif1γ reduces CoQ levels and increases the succinate/α-ketoglutarate ratio, leading to increased histone methylation and impaired erythroid differentiation. Chemical suppressor screen in zebrafish tif1γ mutants, metabolomics (CoQ measurement), histone methylation assays, CoQ analog rescue of bloodless phenotype Science High 33986176
2024 The TRIM33 bromodomain is the sole bromodomain (among 28 tested) that binds histone lysine lactylation (Kla) peptides. A unique glutamic acid residue within the TRIM33 bromodomain binding pocket confers specificity for Kla over other modifications; mutagenesis of this glutamic acid eliminates Kla binding. AlphaScreen assay of 28 bromodomains, isothermal titration calorimetry, protein-detected NMR, site-directed mutagenesis, molecular modeling ACS Chemical Biology High 39556662
2019 In macrophages, TRIM33 interacts with FACT subunit SPT16 at PU.1-bound distal regulatory elements. TRIM33 deficiency leads to FACT release, loss of positioned nucleosomes, RNA Pol II recruitment and bidirectional transcription at these elements, and increased gene expression. ChIP-seq for SPT16 and TRIM33, co-immunoprecipitation of TRIM33 with SPT16, ChIP for RNA Pol II and histone marks in TRIM33 KO macrophages, 3C chromatin interaction Epigenetics & Chromatin High 31331374
2017 In zebrafish, Trim33 deficiency causes primitive macrophages to fail to colonize the CNS to become microglia; both macrophages and neutrophils display reduced basal interstitial motility and fail to respond to inflammatory recruitment signals. Mouse Trim33-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages show strongly reduced 3D amoeboid mobility in collagen gels. Trim33-deficient zebrafish embryo live imaging, bacterial infection assays, 3D collagen gel motility assay for mouse BMDMs Journal of Cell Science High 28724755
2015 TIF1γ inactivation causes chromosomal defects due to attenuation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and the post-mitotic checkpoint, resulting in loss of contact growth inhibition and increased anchorage-independent growth. TIF1γ siRNA knockdown, mitotic checkpoint assays, chromosomal instability quantification, soft agar and in vivo tumor growth assays Cancer Research Medium 26282171
2023 TRIM33 ubiquitin ligase targets E2f4 for degradation in unperturbed cells, limiting E2f4 genomic binding and interactions with DNA helicase Recql. Replicative stress blunts TRIM33-dependent ubiquitination of E2f4, stimulating transient Recql recruitment to chromatin and facilitating recovery of DNA synthesis. TRIM33 deletion in mouse cells, ubiquitination assays for E2f4, ChIP-seq for E2f4 and Recql, DNA fiber assays for replication fork progression, Myc-overexpression tumor model Nature Communications High 37612308
2022 TRIM33 promotes K63-linked ubiquitination of Annexin A2 (Anxa2) in keratinocytes, which promotes Anxa2 interaction with p50/p65 NF-κB subunits, favors nuclear retention of p50/p65, and drives expression of NF-κB downstream inflammatory genes. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry to identify Anxa2 as TRIM33 substrate, K63-ubiquitination assay, co-immunoprecipitation of Anxa2 with NF-κB subunits, nuclear fractionation Journal of Dermatological Science Medium 36096861
2020 TRIM33 protects osteoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by binding CBP and restraining CBP-mediated FOXO3a acetylation, thereby attenuating FOXO3a ubiquitylation and degradation. TRIM33 and FOXO3a co-localize in osteoblast nuclei. Co-immunoprecipitation of TRIM33 with CBP and FOXO3a, immunofluorescence co-localization, FOXO3a acetylation and ubiquitination assays, OVX mouse model Aging Cell Medium 34101965
2024 TRIM33 promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p53 at the K351 site in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, leading to upregulation of glycolysis target genes GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, and LDHA. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro/cell-based ubiquitination assays with K48-linkage specificity, K351 site mutagenesis, glycolysis assays, xenograft model Cell Death & Disease Medium 39389957
2022 TRIM33 co-localizes with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) specifically in mouse ESCs, and this localization depends on PML. TRIM33 and PML co-regulate Lefty1/2 expression, with PML-NBs directly associating with Lefty1/2 gene loci and required for TRIM33 recruitment to these loci. Co-localization imaging, TurboID proximity-labeling proteomics, PML KO in mESCs, ChIP, 4C-seq EMBO Journal High 36524443
2017 TRIM33 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity toward A-MYB, regulating its abundance in the testis. ChIP-seq in mouse testis reveals TRIM33 is enriched at RLTR10B LTR elements of MMERVK10C retrotransposons, and Trim33 haploinsufficiency increases expression of genes transcribed from upstream RLTR10B. ChIP-seq in mouse testis, RNA-seq, A-MYB ubiquitination assay PLoS Genetics Medium 26624618
2022 TRIM33 interacts with TFRC (transferrin receptor) and promotes its E3 ligase-dependent ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inducing cellular ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assay, ferroptosis markers (MDA, Fe2+, mitochondrial superoxide), xenograft model Cellular Signalling Medium 38909931
2020 PIAS1 and TIF1γ collaborate as SUMO E3 ligases forming a trimeric complex with SnoN to promote SnoN SUMOylation in an interdependent manner, suppressing EMT in breast organoids. Co-immunoprecipitation of trimeric SnoN-TIF1γ-PIAS1 complex, in vitro SUMOylation assays, loss-of-function studies in 3D breast organoid EMT assay Cell Death and Differentiation High 32770107
2022 TIF1γ binds to TBP in competition with TAF15 and impedes TAF15/TBP-mediated IL-6 transactivation. TIF1γ also modifies TAF15 through multi-mono-ubiquitylation and drives nuclear export of TAF15, thereby inhibiting EMT and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Co-immunoprecipitation of TIF1γ-TBP and TIF1γ-TAF15 interactions, ubiquitination assay for TAF15, nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation, IL-6 luciferase reporter, EMT and metastasis assays Cell Reports Medium 36261009
2024 TRIM33 is an essential regulator of the entire DC lineage: conditional deletion causes rapid loss of DC progenitors, pDCs, and cDC1s. Trim33-deficient Flt3+ progenitors up-regulate pro-inflammatory and macrophage-specific genes but fail to induce the DC differentiation program, placing TRIM33 upstream of IRF8-driven DC commitment. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen for Flt3L-driven DC differentiation, conditional Trim33 KO mice, RNA-seq of progenitors Science Immunology High 38608038
2024 TRIM33 promotes transcription of Irf8 in DC progenitors by maintaining CDK9 and Ser2-phosphorylated RNA Pol II levels at Irf8 gene sites (consistent with a transcription elongation function). TRIM33 also directly suppresses PU.1-mediated transcription of Bcl2l11 (Bim) to prevent DC apoptosis. ChIP for CDK9 and S2-phospho-Pol II at Irf8 locus, ChIP for TRIM33 and PU.1 at Bcl2l11, conditional KO mice, differentiation and apoptosis assays Cellular & Molecular Immunology High 38822080
2017 TRIM33 is essential for the production of small peritoneal macrophages, monocytes, and bone marrow-derived macrophages. In mature myeloid cells, TRIM33 ChIP-seq reveals binding near inflammatory response genes; TRIM33 loss impairs repression of late LPS activation pathways and causes high LPS sensitivity in vivo. ChIP-seq in immature and mature myeloid cell lines, conditional KO mice with in vivo LPS challenge, macrophage production assays Oncotarget Medium 27974684
2023 TRIM21 E3 ubiquitin ligase forms a complex with TIF1γ in the nucleus and promotes K48-linked ubiquitination of TIF1γ at K5, leading to TIF1γ degradation and consequent increase in nuclear β-catenin presence in glioblastoma. TMT/MS to identify TRIM21 substrates including TIF1γ, Co-IP, K48-ubiquitination assay at K5, luciferase reporter for β-catenin, RING-finger deletion mutant, xenograft model Theranostics Medium 37771771
2023 YOD1 deubiquitinase stabilizes TRIM33 by suppressing its ubiquitination and degradation, thereby inhibiting ERK/β-catenin pathway activation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Co-immunoprecipitation of YOD1 with TRIM33, ubiquitination assay showing YOD1 reduces TRIM33 ubiquitination, KD/OE functional assays with ERK/β-catenin pathway readout Cell Death & Disease Medium 37573347
2025 TRIM33 loss reduces H2BK120 ubiquitination levels and decreases AR transcriptional output without affecting AR protein stability, suggesting TRIM33 facilitates maximal AR activity through chromatin modification rather than AR stabilization. Co-immunoprecipitation and ChIP-seq across prostate cancer cell lines, H2BK120 ubiquitination measurement, AR stability assays with TRIM33 KD Communications Biology Medium 40646276
2017 TRIM33 positively regulates osteoblast differentiation through the BMP pathway by forming a TRIM33-Smad1/5 complex; this interaction triggers phosphorylation of Smad1/5 and promotes BMP-driven differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation of TRIM33 with Smad1/5, phospho-Smad1/5 assay, TRIM33 overexpression/knockdown with ALP, Runx2, osteocalcin readouts, cell cycle assays Journal of Cellular Physiology Medium 28063228

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Hematopoiesis controlled by distinct TIF1gamma and Smad4 branches of the TGFbeta pathway. Cell 318 16751102
2018 Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by controlling TIF1γ in non-small cell lung cancer. Molecular cancer 293 30261900
2011 Transcription cofactors TRIM24, TRIM28, and TRIM33 associate to form regulatory complexes that suppress murine hepatocellular carcinoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 181 21531907
2010 TIF1gamma controls erythroid cell fate by regulating transcription elongation. Cell 178 20603019
2015 Tumour suppressor TRIM33 targets nuclear β-catenin degradation. Nature communications 148 25639486
1999 TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. Oncogene 142 10022127
2011 Recruitment of TIF1γ to chromatin via its PHD finger-bromodomain activates its ubiquitin ligase and transcriptional repressor activities. Molecular cell 130 21726812
2009 Inactivation of TIF1gamma cooperates with Kras to induce cystic tumors of the pancreas. PLoS genetics 97 19629168
2020 TRIM33 prevents pulmonary fibrosis by impairing TGF-β1 signalling. The European respiratory journal 79 32184320
2010 Negative control of Smad activity by ectodermin/Tif1gamma patterns the mammalian embryo. Development (Cambridge, England) 77 20573697
2015 Repression of TIF1γ by SOX2 promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 71 25961934
2014 miR-629 Targets TRIM33 to Promote TGFβ/Smad Signaling and Metastatic Phenotypes in ccRCC. Molecular cancer research : MCR 69 25381221
2014 Tif1γ regulates the TGF-β1 receptor and promotes physiological aging of hematopoietic stem cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 63 25002492
2011 Antagonistic regulation of EMT by TIF1γ and Smad4 in mammary epithelial cells. EMBO reports 61 21597466
2013 Tripartite Motif-containing 33 (TRIM33) protein functions in the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-dependent DNA damage response through interaction with Amplified in Liver Cancer 1 (ALC1) protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 59 23926104
2019 Cellular TRIM33 restrains HIV-1 infection by targeting viral integrase for proteasomal degradation. Nature communications 58 30804369
2015 TRIM33 switches off Ifnb1 gene transcription during the late phase of macrophage activation. Nature communications 57 26592194
2021 Oncocytic intraductal carcinoma of salivary glands: a distinct variant with TRIM33-RET fusions and BRAF V600E mutations. Histopathology 51 33135196
2018 Trim33 mediates the proinflammatory function of Th17 cells. The Journal of experimental medicine 51 29930104
2021 TRIM33 protects osteoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in osteoporosis by inhibiting FOXO3a ubiquitylation and degradation. Aging cell 45 34101965
2016 Loss of TRIM33 causes resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors through MYC- and TGF-β-dependent mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 43 27432991
2012 Anti-TIF1γ antibodies (anti-p155) in adult patients with dermatomyositis: comparison of different diagnostic assays. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 43 22294626
2021 Cell-specific transcriptional control of mitochondrial metabolism by TIF1γ drives erythropoiesis. Science (New York, N.Y.) 40 33986176
2015 The transcriptional cofactor TRIM33 prevents apoptosis in B lymphoblastic leukemia by deactivating a single enhancer. eLife 40 25919951
2011 Adult hematopoiesis is regulated by TIF1γ, a repressor of TAL1 and PU.1 transcriptional activity. Cell stem cell 36 21474105
2012 TiF1-gamma plays an essential role in murine hematopoiesis and regulates transcriptional elongation of erythroid genes. Developmental biology 35 23159334
2015 TIF1γ interferes with TGFβ1/SMAD4 signaling to promote poor outcome in operable breast cancer patients. BMC cancer 33 26040677
2022 Coexisting autoantibodies against transcription factor Sp4 are associated with decreased cancer risk in patients with dermatomyositis with anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 32 36008132
2014 TIF1γ protein regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by operating as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase for the transcriptional regulator SnoN1. The Journal of biological chemistry 32 25059663
2014 Tak1, Smad4 and Trim33 redundantly mediate TGF-β3 signaling during palate development. Developmental biology 32 25523394
2015 TIF1γ Suppresses Tumor Progression by Regulating Mitotic Checkpoints and Chromosomal Stability. Cancer research 31 26282171
2012 Tif1γ suppresses murine pancreatic tumoral transformation by a Smad4-independent pathway. The American journal of pathology 31 22469842
2011 Association of overexpression of TIF1γ with colorectal carcinogenesis and advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma. World journal of gastroenterology 31 22046087
2013 TIF1γ requires sumoylation to exert its repressive activity on TGFβ signaling. Journal of cell science 30 23788427
2024 The TRIM33 Bromodomain Recognizes Histone Lysine Lactylation. ACS chemical biology 29 39556662
2017 Macrophage production and activation are dependent on TRIM33. Oncotarget 28 27974684
2008 Generation of mice with a conditional allele for Trim33. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 28 18543301
2023 E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 targets TIF1γ to regulate β-catenin signaling in glioblastoma. Theranostics 27 37771771
2019 Novel TG-FGFR1 and TRIM33-NTRK1 transcript fusions in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Genes, chromosomes & cancer 27 30664823
2017 TRIM33 is essential for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via BMP pathway. Journal of cellular physiology 26 28063228
2022 TRIM33 drives prostate tumor growth by stabilizing androgen receptor from Skp2-mediated degradation. EMBO reports 24 35785414
2016 The adenovirus E4-ORF3 protein functions as a SUMO E3 ligase for TIF-1γ sumoylation and poly-SUMO chain elongation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 24 27247387
2012 Tif1γ is essential for the terminal differentiation of mammary alveolar epithelial cells and for lactation through SMAD4 inhibition. Development (Cambridge, England) 24 23154409
2022 TIF1γ inhibits lung adenocarcinoma EMT and metastasis by interacting with the TAF15/TBP complex. Cell reports 23 36261009
2019 TRIM33 deficiency in monocytes and macrophages impairs resolution of colonic inflammation. EBioMedicine 22 31130476
2015 Trim33 Binds and Silences a Class of Young Endogenous Retroviruses in the Mouse Testis; a Novel Component of the Arms Race between Retrotransposons and the Host Genome. PLoS genetics 22 26624618
2012 Dynamic regulation of Tgf-B signaling by Tif1γ: a computational approach. PloS one 22 22461896
2022 E3 ubiquitin ligase Trim33 ubiquitylates Annexin A2 to promote NF-κB induced skin inflammation in psoriasis. Journal of dermatological science 21 36096861
2018 Desuppression of TGF-β signaling via nuclear c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of TIF1γ/TRIM33 at Tyr-524, -610, and -1048. Oncogene 21 30177833
2019 Up-regulation of TIF1γ by valproic acid inhibits the epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate carcinoma through TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. European journal of pharmacology 20 31323225
2017 Expression of the autoantigen TRIM33/TIF1γ in skin and muscle of patients with dermatomyositis is upregulated, together with markers of cellular stress. Clinical and experimental dermatology 20 28639716
2017 Trim33 is essential for macrophage and neutrophil mobilization to developmental or inflammatory cues. Journal of cell science 20 28724755
2024 TRIM33 promotes glycolysis through regulating P53 K48-linked ubiquitination to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth. Cell death & disease 19 39389957
2020 Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) and anti-TIF1γ antibody-positive dermatomyositis. Immunological medicine 18 32649853
2020 Local ALK-Positive Histiocytosis With Unusual Morphology and Novel TRIM33-ALK Gene Fusion. International journal of surgical pathology 16 33243034
2014 Imbalanced expression of Tif1γ inhibits pancreatic ductal epithelial cell growth. American journal of cancer research 16 24959375
2023 Deubiquitinase YOD1 suppresses tumor progression by stabilizing E3 ligase TRIM33 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell death & disease 15 37573347
2022 A Commercial Anti-TIF1γ ELISA Is Superior to Line and Dot Blot and Should Be Considered as Part of Routine Myositis-Specific Antibody Testing. Frontiers in immunology 15 35154119
2021 TRIM33 gene somatic mutations identified by next generation sequencing in neoplasms of patients with anti-TIF1γ positive cancer-associated dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 15 33764396
2020 TRIM33 Overexpression Inhibits the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma In Vivo and In Vitro. BioMed research international 15 32908919
2016 Trim33/Tif1γ is involved in late stages of granulomonopoiesis in mice. Experimental hematology 15 27130375
2016 SnoN suppresses TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of bladder cancer in a TIF1γ-dependent manner. Oncology reports 15 27430247
2020 Clinical features of anti-transcription intermediary factor 1γ (TIF1γ)-positive dermatomyositis with internal malignancy and investigation of the involvement of TIF1γ expression in tumors in the pathogenesis of cancer-associated dermatomyositis. The Journal of dermatology 14 32734678
2013 Smad4 and Trim33/Tif1γ redundantly regulate neural stem cells in the developing cortex. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 14 23765158
2022 Machine Learning Algorithms Identify Clinical Subtypes and Cancer in Anti-TIF1γ+ Myositis: A Longitudinal Study of 87 Patients. Frontiers in immunology 13 35237262
2021 Anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) antibody-positive dermatomyositis associated with ascending colon cancer: a case report and review of the literature. Journal of medical case reports 13 33745453
2020 PIAS1 and TIF1γ collaborate to promote SnoN SUMOylation and suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell death and differentiation 13 32770107
2022 KLF9 positively regulates TRIM33 to inhibit abnormal synovial fibroblast proliferation, migration as well as inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity, inflammation and disease 12 36301038
2019 Interplay between FACT subunit SPT16 and TRIM33 can remodel chromatin at macrophage distal regulatory elements. Epigenetics & chromatin 12 31331374
2011 Adenovirus E4-ORF3-dependent relocalization of TIF1α and TIF1γ relies on access to the Coiled-Coil motif. Virology 12 22123502
2022 The lncRNA TCONS_00021785/miR-21-5p/Trim33 axis regulates VMP1-mediated zymophagy, reduces the activation of trypsinogen, and promotes acinar cell recovery. Cell death discovery 11 35169128
2022 The crystallin alpha B (HSPB5)-tripartite motif containing 33 (TRIM33) axis mediates myocardial fibrosis induced by angiotensinogen II through transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1)-Smad3/4 signaling. Bioengineered 11 35333698
2022 TRIM33 Modulates Inflammation and Airway Remodeling of PDGF-BB-Induced Airway Smooth-Muscle Cells by the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. International archives of allergy and immunology 11 35636393
2021 Clinical and laboratory parameters predicting cancer in dermatomyositis patients with anti-TIF1γ antibodies. Journal of dermatological science 11 34772582
2017 Role of TRIM33 in Wnt signaling during mesendoderm differentiation. Science China. Life sciences 11 28844090
2022 Recruitment of TRIM33 to cell-context specific PML nuclear bodies regulates nodal signaling in mESCs. The EMBO journal 10 36524443
2018 Anti-TIF1γ antibody and the expression of TIF1γ in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. International journal of rheumatic diseases 10 30398003
2024 Genome-wide screening identifies Trim33 as an essential regulator of dendritic cell differentiation. Science immunology 9 38608038
2014 New gene evolution in the bonus-TIF1-γ/TRIM33 family impacted the architecture of the vertebrate dorsal-ventral patterning network. Molecular biology and evolution 9 24881051
2022 Downregulation of TRIM33 Promotes Survival and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer. Technology in cancer research & treatment 8 35929141
2024 TRIM33 enhances the ubiquitination of TFRC to enhance the susceptibility of liver cancer cells to ferroptosis. Cellular signalling 7 38909931
2023 Trim33 masks a non-transcriptional function of E2f4 in replication fork progression. Nature communications 7 37612308
2017 Trim33 regulates early maturation of mouse embryoid bodies in vitro. Biochemistry and biophysics reports 7 29090280
2013 [Association of mutation and methylation in the promoter region of TIF1γ with non-small cell lung cancer]. Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer 7 23676978
2025 DMC-BH derivative DMC-GF inhibits the growth of glioma stem cells by targeting the TRIM33/SLC25A1/mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Journal of translational medicine 6 40128751
2022 Exploiting ELIOT for Scaffold-Repurposing Opportunities: TRIM33 a Possible Novel E3 Ligase to Expand the Toolbox for PROTAC Design. International journal of molecular sciences 5 36430693
2024 TRIM33 plays a critical role in regulating dendritic cell differentiation and homeostasis by modulating Irf8 and Bcl2l11 transcription. Cellular & molecular immunology 4 38822080
2021 Alteration of TRIM33 Expression at Transcriptional and Translational Levels is Correlated with Autism Symptoms. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 4 33481220
2019 Trim33 is required for appropriate development of pre-cardiogenic mesoderm. Developmental biology 4 30940539
2019 Trim33 (Tif1γ) is not required for skeletal muscle development or regeneration but suppresses cholecystokinin expression. Scientific reports 4 31811178
2024 TIF1γ and SMAD4 regulation in colorectal cancer: impact on cell proliferation and liver metastasis. Biological chemistry 3 38270141
2024 TRIM33 loss in multiple myeloma is associated with genomic instability and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Scientific reports 3 38627415
2025 Anti-Mi2 autoantibodies target PHD fingers of SP140L and TIF1γ, while anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies primarily bind TIF1γ outside the PHD region. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2 40795062
2023 Age distribution and prevalence in different age groups of four myositis-specific autoantibodies, including anti-ARS, anti-MDA5, anti-Mi-2, and anti-TIF1γ antibodies. The Journal of dermatology 2 36890683
2022 Trim33 conditions the lifespan of primitive macrophages and onset of definitive macrophage production. Development (Cambridge, England) 2 36052696
2025 TRIM33 loss reduces androgen receptor transcriptional output and H2BK120 ubiquitination. Communications biology 1 40646276
2025 SAT1 promotes the progression of OA by regulating TRIM33-mediated p53 acetylation to enhance ferroptosis. PloS one 1 41060973
2024 TRIM33 Is a Co-Regulator of Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Cancers 1 38473207
2024 Sequence Alignment between TRIM33 Gene and Human Noncoding RNAs: A Potential Explanation for Paraneoplastic Dermatomyositis. Journal of personalized medicine 1 38929849
2024 Developmental dysplasia of the hip caused by homozygous TRIM33 pathogenic variant affecting downstream BMP pathway. Journal of medical genetics 1 39054052