Affinage

TMSB10

Thymosin beta-10 · UniProt P63313

Round 2 corrected
Length
44 aa
Mass
5.0 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
72 papers in source corpus 13 papers cited in narrative 13 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TMSB10 (thymosin β10) is a small actin-sequestering protein that modulates cytoskeletal dynamics and intersects with multiple signaling cascades to influence cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. TMSB10 directly binds G-actin to regulate F-actin assembly, and its degradation via the autophagy-lysosome pathway shifts the G-actin–ATP equilibrium to suppress actin polymerization and cell migration (PMID:39368341). Beyond cytoskeletal control, TMSB10 directly binds Ras to inhibit MAPK/ERK signaling and VEGF production, conferring antiangiogenic activity (PMID:15665289), while it also activates AKT/FOXO signaling to promote cancer cell proliferation and invasion (PMID:28179017) and sustains TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling in fibroblast activation (PMID:41497884). TMSB10 expression is transcriptionally driven by JUN (PMID:35414502), post-transcriptionally repressed by miR-152-3p whose promoter is kept methylated by DNMT1 (PMID:32918845), and is developmentally regulated, with high expression in fetal brain and differentiating spermatids that declines postnatally (PMID:2169566, PMID:1744129).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 8 steps
  1. 1990 Medium

    Establishing that TMSB10 is developmentally regulated in the nervous system answered the question of whether thymosin β10 has tissue-restricted expression patterns, revealing its high abundance in fetal brain with postnatal decline and sensitivity to retinoic acid.

    Evidence Protein biochemistry and cell culture retinoic acid treatment in neuroblastoma cells

    PMID:2169566

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which retinoids suppress TMSB10 transcription not defined
    • No actin-binding or signaling function addressed
  2. 1991 High

    Identification of a testis-specific TMSB10 mRNA isoform arising from alternative promoter usage and splicing, with protein localized to differentiating spermatids, established that TMSB10 is subject to cell-type-specific transcriptional regulation during spermatogenesis.

    Evidence Northern blot, cDNA cloning, primer extension, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry in adult rat testis

    PMID:1744129

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional role of TMSB10 in spermatid differentiation not tested
    • Whether alternative 5'-UTR affects translational regulation unknown
  3. 2005 High

    Demonstrating that TMSB10 directly binds Ras and inhibits MAPK/ERK signaling to suppress VEGF and angiogenesis resolved how this small actin-binding peptide could influence signal transduction beyond the cytoskeleton.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation/pulldown for Ras binding; endothelial cell functional assays; xenograft model; Western blot for MAPK/ERK; specificity shown by lack of Ras binding by thymosin β4

    PMID:15665289

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of TMSB10–Ras interaction unknown
    • Whether Ras binding and G-actin binding are mutually exclusive not determined
  4. 2017 High

    Showing that TMSB10 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration through AKT/FOXO signaling — reversed by AKT inhibitor perifosine — revealed a second signaling axis through which TMSB10 drives oncogenic phenotypes.

    Evidence Bidirectional genetic manipulation (overexpression and siRNA), xenograft, Western blot and luciferase for AKT/FOXO, pharmacological rescue with perifosine

    PMID:28179017

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which TMSB10 activates AKT is not defined
    • Relationship between Ras–MAPK inhibition and AKT activation by TMSB10 unresolved
  5. 2020 Medium

    Two studies expanded TMSB10's signaling repertoire in cancer: DNMT1-maintained methylation silences miR-152-3p to stabilize TMSB10 mRNA in colorectal cancer, and TMSB10 knockdown in renal cell carcinoma suppresses PI3K phosphorylation and VEGF expression, connecting TMSB10 to an epigenetic regulatory circuit and the PI3K/VEGF axis.

    Evidence Luciferase reporter for miR-152-3p targeting of TMSB10 3'UTR; DNMT1 siRNA; siRNA knockdown in ccRCC cells with PI3K/VEGF Western blot readouts

    PMID:32319572 PMID:32918845

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether DNMT1–miR-152-3p–TMSB10 axis operates outside colorectal cancer not tested
    • Direct mechanism linking TMSB10 to PI3K phosphorylation unknown
  6. 2022 High

    JUN was identified as a direct transcriptional activator of TMSB10 via ChIP-confirmed promoter binding, and in parallel Tmsb10 was shown to promote fetal Leydig cell differentiation by suppressing RAS/ERK, extending the Ras-inhibitory function to a normal developmental context.

    Evidence ChIP assay for JUN binding at TMSB10 promoter in ccRCC; scRNA-seq and functional knockdown/knockout in fetal Leydig cell progenitors with RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway analysis

    PMID:35414502 PMID:36109592

    Open questions at the time
    • Other transcription factors regulating TMSB10 promoter not mapped
    • Whether Tmsb10–RAS interaction in Leydig cells is structurally identical to that in endothelial cells unknown
  7. 2024 Medium

    Demonstrating that urolithin A degrades TMSB10 via the autophagy-lysosome pathway, which reduces ATP availability and disrupts the G-actin–TMSB10 equilibrium to inhibit F-actin formation, provided the first mechanistic link between TMSB10 protein turnover and its actin-sequestering function.

    Evidence Proteomics; GST pull-down for G-actin binding; confocal imaging; TMSB10 knockdown/overexpression; autophagy-lysosome pathway inhibitor experiments in NSCLC cells

    PMID:39368341

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether TMSB10 is a general autophagy substrate or selectively targeted unknown
    • ATP reduction mechanism downstream of TMSB10 depletion not fully delineated
  8. 2025 Medium

    Two studies extended TMSB10's role to fibroblast activation and immune modulation: TMSB10 silencing in fibroblasts suppressed TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling and ECM deposition in diabetic nephropathy, while TMSB10 overexpression in prostate cancer cells skewed macrophage polarization toward an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown in NIH-3T3 and diabetic mouse model with phospho-SMAD2/3 readout; bidirectional manipulation in prostate cancer lines with macrophage co-culture and cytokine analysis

    PMID:40307738 PMID:41497884

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular mechanism linking TMSB10 to SMAD2/3 phosphorylation not identified
    • Whether macrophage polarization effect is direct or mediated by secreted factors not resolved
    • Single-lab findings for each

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include the structural basis of the TMSB10–Ras interaction, whether G-actin sequestration and Ras binding occur simultaneously or are mutually exclusive, the mechanism by which TMSB10 activates AKT, and whether the diverse signaling outputs (MAPK, AKT, TGF-β/SMAD, PI3K) reflect a unified upstream mechanism or context-dependent moonlighting.
  • No structural model of TMSB10–Ras complex
  • No reconstitution of TMSB10-mediated AKT activation
  • Relative importance of actin sequestration versus signaling functions in vivo undetermined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 1 GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 1
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 1
Pathway
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 5 R-HSA-1643685 Disease 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-9612973 Autophagy 1
Partners
ACTA1JUNKRASSMAD2SMAD3

Evidence

Reading pass · 13 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2005 TMSB10 (thymosin β10) directly interacts with Ras protein. This interaction inhibits the Ras downstream MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, leading to decreased VEGF production, and results in antiangiogenic and antitumor effects. In contrast, the related family member thymosin β4 did not bind Ras and showed positive effects on angiogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation/pulldown to demonstrate direct Ras interaction; in vitro endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation assays; xenograft mouse model; Western blotting for MAPK/ERK pathway components Cancer research High 15665289
2022 Tmsb10 is transiently expressed in fetal Leydig cell (FLC) progenitors and promotes their differentiation into FLCs by suppressing the RAS/ERK pathway. PDGF regulates ciliogenesis through RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways to promote DHH-dependent FLC differentiation, and Tmsb10 expression in progenitors modulates this process. Single-cell RNA sequencing to identify Tmsb10 expression; functional knockout/knockdown studies; pathway analysis of RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling; ciliogenesis assays Communications biology High 36109592
2020 DNMT1 maintains methylation of the miR-152-3p promoter, preventing miR-152-3p expression. miR-152-3p directly targets TMSB10 mRNA for degradation. Silencing DNMT1 reduces miR-152-3p methylation, allowing miR-152-3p to suppress TMSB10 expression, thereby inhibiting colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Methylation analysis of miR-152-3p promoter; luciferase reporter assay confirming miR-152-3p targeting of TMSB10 3'UTR; transfection of DNMT1 siRNA and miR-152-3p mimics/inhibitors; in vivo tumor growth assay IUBMB life Medium 32918845
2020 TMSB10 knockdown in ccRCC cells impairs proliferation, migration, and invasion, and downregulates phosphorylation of PI3K and expression of VEGF, placing TMSB10 upstream of the PI3K/VEGF signaling axis in renal cell carcinoma. siRNA knockdown of TMSB10; cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays; Western blotting for PI3K phosphorylation and VEGF expression International journal of oncology Medium 32319572
2017 TMSB10 promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells via AKT/FOXO signaling. Overexpression enhances these oncogenic processes while silencing inhibits them, and these effects are antagonized by the AKT kinase inhibitor perifosine. Overexpression and siRNA knockdown of TMSB10; in vitro proliferation/invasion/migration assays; in vivo xenograft model; Western blotting and luciferase assays for AKT/FOXO pathway activity; pharmacological inhibition with perifosine Breast cancer research : BCR High 28179017
2022 JUN transcription factor binds the TMSB10 promoter and regulates its transcriptional expression. JUN-driven high TMSB10 expression promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of ccRCC cells. JASPAR database prediction of JUN binding site in TMSB10 promoter; ChIP assay confirming JUN binding; qRT-PCR for mRNA levels; cell proliferation and apoptosis assays after modulation of JUN/TMSB10 expression Annals of clinical and laboratory science Medium 35414502
2024 Urolithin A (UA) promotes degradation of TMSB10 protein via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Reduced TMSB10 protein level decreases ATP, which inhibits F-actin formation by disrupting the equilibrium between G-actin–TMSB10 and G-actin–ATP interactions, thereby suppressing NSCLC cell migration. Proteomics; TMSB10 knockdown/overexpression; transwell migration/invasion assays; confocal imaging; GST pull-down; Western blotting; autophagy-lysosome pathway inhibition experiments Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology Medium 39368341
1991 Thymosin β10 protein is expressed in differentiating spermatids of adult rat testis. A testis-specific thymosin β10 mRNA of higher molecular weight was identified, differing from the ubiquitous mRNA only in its 5'-UTR, arising from differential promoter usage and alternative splicing from the same gene. Immunohistochemistry confirmed protein expression in haploid spermatids. Northern blot; cDNA cloning and sequencing; primer extension; immunoblot with specific antibodies; immunohistochemistry The Journal of biological chemistry High 1744129
1990 Thymosin β10 is highly expressed in human fetal brain and declines to undetectable levels within the first 18 months after birth. In HTB-10 neuroblastoma cells, retinoic acid reduces thymosin β10 levels in a manner dependent on continuous retinoid presence, suggesting the TMSB10 gene is a regulatory target for retinoids during nervous system development. Protein biochemistry; molecular cloning; cell culture treatment with retinoic acid; comparison across multiple neural tumor cell lines Brain research. Molecular brain research Medium 2169566
2006 TMSB10 is identified as having lysine residues subject to acetylation, as detected in a proteome-wide survey of lysine acetylation in HeLa cells. Quantitative proteomics survey of lysine acetylation sites in HeLa cell and mouse liver mitochondria extracts Molecular cell Low 16916647
2025 TMSB10 silencing in fibroblasts reduces expression of fibrosis markers Fn1, Col1a1, and α-Sma by ~50–70% and suppresses phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, placing TMSB10 as a regulator of TGF-β/SMAD signaling in fibroblast activation and ECM deposition in diabetic nephropathy. Tmsb10 knockdown in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and diabetic mouse model; qRT-PCR and Western blot for fibrosis markers; phospho-SMAD2/3 Western blot; ECM deposition assay; scRNA-seq for cell subset identification Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy Medium 41497884
2025 TMSB10 silencing in prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and DU145) suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while overexpression enhances these processes. TMSB10 overexpression skews macrophage polarization toward M2-type and away from M1-type in co-culture experiments, reducing immune cell cytotoxicity. siRNA knockdown and overexpression of TMSB10; proliferation, migration, and invasion functional assays; macrophage co-culture experiments; cytokine secretion analysis Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) Medium 40307738
2003 High mRNA expression of thymosin beta-10 (TMSB10) was detected in human islets of Langerhans across all donor samples analyzed, suggesting constitutive expression of this protein in pancreatic islets with potential relevance to inflammatory regulation. cDNA array (Atlas Human Cytokine/Receptor and Hematology/Immunology nylon membranes) analysis of gene expression in isolated human islets Biochemical and biophysical research communications Low 12914774

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 72 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
2006 Substrate and functional diversity of lysine acetylation revealed by a proteomics survey. Molecular cell 1260 16916647
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2014 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell 977 25416956
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2012 A census of human soluble protein complexes. Cell 689 22939629
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2004 The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome research 438 15489334
2015 A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. Cell 433 26638075
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2015 Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature 407 26344197
2015 Proteome-wide profiling of protein assemblies by cross-linking mass spectrometry. Nature methods 370 26414014
2011 Next-generation sequencing to generate interactome datasets. Nature methods 200 21516116
2005 Exchanging ESAT6 with TB10.4 in an Ag85B fusion molecule-based tuberculosis subunit vaccine: efficient protection and ESAT6-based sensitive monitoring of vaccine efficacy. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 199 15879133
2003 Inflammatory mediators expressed in human islets of Langerhans: implications for islet transplantation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 143 12914774
2002 Epitope mapping of the immunodominant antigen TB10.4 and the two homologous proteins TB10.3 and TB12.9, which constitute a subfamily of the esat-6 gene family. Infection and immunity 138 12228269
2009 Protection and polyfunctional T cells induced by Ag85B-TB10.4/IC31 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly dependent on the antigen dose. PloS one 124 19529771
2021 Protein interaction landscapes revealed by advanced in vivo cross-linking-mass spectrometry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113 34349018
2017 Thymosin beta 10 is a key regulator of tumorigenesis and metastasis and a novel serum marker in breast cancer. Breast cancer research : BCR 100 28179017
2010 Genome-wide YFP fluorescence complementation screen identifies new regulators for telomere signaling in human cells. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 93 21044950
1991 Differential expression of thymosin genes in human tumors and in the developing human kidney. International journal of cancer 92 2071228
1999 Thymosin beta-10 gene overexpression is a general event in human carcinogenesis. The American journal of pathology 91 10487837
2020 Kinase Interaction Network Expands Functional and Disease Roles of Human Kinases. Molecular cell 88 32707033
2007 Induction of CD8 T cells against a novel epitope in TB10.4: correlation with mycobacterial virulence and the presence of a functional region of difference-1. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 87 17785835
2006 High frequency of CD4+ T cells specific for the TB10.4 protein correlates with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infection and immunity 83 16714570
2013 ESAT-6 (EsxA) and TB10.4 (EsxH) based vaccines for pre- and post-exposure tuberculosis vaccination. PloS one 80 24349004
1994 Construction of a human full-length cDNA bank. Gene 79 7821789
2013 Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 interactome analysis reveals a new role in modulating proteasome activity. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 63 23824909
2020 Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer cells expressing transforming levels of KRASG13D. Nature communications 60 31980649
2009 CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to the M. tuberculosis Ag85B-TB10.4 promoted by adjuvanted subunit, adenovector or heterologous prime boost vaccination. PloS one 59 19357780
2005 Thymosin {beta}(10) inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by interfering with Ras function. Cancer research 51 15665289
2023 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces endothelial inflammation via ACE2 independently of viral replication. Scientific reports 48 37640791
1991 Cloning and characterization of a testis-specific thymosin beta 10 cDNA. Expression in post-meiotic male germ cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 45 1744129
1993 Thymosin beta-10 expression in melanoma cell lines and melanocytic lesions: a new progression marker for human cutaneous melanoma. International journal of cancer 43 8425765
1990 Thymosin beta 10 levels in developing human brain and its regulation by retinoic acid in the HTB-10 neuroblastoma. Brain research. Molecular brain research 43 2169566
2009 Extensive major histocompatibility complex class I binding promiscuity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB10.4 peptides and immune dominance of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*0702 and HLA-B*0801 alleles in TB10.4 CD8 T-cell responses. Immunology 39 20002212
2022 In-Depth In Vivo Crosslinking in Minutes by a Compact, Membrane-Permeable, and Alkynyl-Enrichable Crosslinker. Analytical chemistry 38 35575683
2020 DNMT1 maintains the methylation of miR-152-3p to regulate TMSB10 expression, thereby affecting the biological characteristics of colorectal cancer cells. IUBMB life 26 32918845
2009 PLGA microparticles in respirable sizes enhance an in vitro T cell response to recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen TB10.4-Ag85B. Pharmaceutical research 26 20024670
2016 Conjugation with an Inulin-Chitosan Adjuvant Markedly Improves the Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP10-TB10.4 Fusion Protein. Molecular pharmaceutics 25 27723352
2020 A natural polymorphism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the esxH gene disrupts immunodomination by the TB10.4-specific CD8 T cell response. PLoS pathogens 24 33075106
2009 Distinct differences in the expansion and phenotype of TB10.4 specific CD8 and CD4 T cells after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PloS one 24 19529765
2021 Mucosal Influenza Vector Vaccine Carrying TB10.4 and HspX Antigens Provides Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice and Guinea Pigs. Vaccines 21 33923548
2010 Difference in TB10.4 T-cell epitope recognition following immunization with recombinant TB10.4, BCG or infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. European journal of immunology 19 20186878
2021 Enhancement of the Local CD8+ T-Cellular Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in BCG-Primed Mice after Intranasal Administration of Influenza Vector Vaccine Carrying TB10.4 and HspX Antigens. Vaccines 17 34835204
2014 Recombinant TB10.4 of Mycobacterium bovis induces cytokine production in RAW264.7 macrophages through activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR2. Molecular immunology 17 25019567
2020 TMSB10 acts as a biomarker and promotes progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. International journal of oncology 15 32319572
2010 Assessment of the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis esxA, esxH, and fbpB genes among clinical isolates and its implication for the future immunization by new tuberculosis subunit vaccines Ag85B-ESAT-6 and Ag85B-TB10.4. Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology 15 20617139
2010 Human leukocyte antigens A*3001 and A*3002 show distinct peptide-binding patterns of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein TB10.4: consequences for immune recognition. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 14 21084459
2009 Immunological memory transferred with CD4 T cells specific for tuberculosis antigens Ag85B-TB10.4: persisting antigen enhances protection. PloS one 14 20011592
2009 Rational design of multiple TB antigens TB10.4 and TB10.4-Ag85B as subunit vaccine candidates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pharmaceutical research 13 19862606
2017 Conjugation of the CRM197-inulin conjugate significantly increases the immunogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP10-TB10.4 fusion protein. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 10 28967465
2016 Immunogenicity of a DNA Vaccine Encoding Ag85a-Tb10.4 Antigens from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Iranian journal of immunology : IJI 10 27999240
2022 Tmsb10 triggers fetal Leydig differentiation by suppressing the RAS/ERK pathway. Communications biology 9 36109592
2024 Urolithin A promotes the degradation of TMSB10 to deformation F-actin in non-small-cell lung cancer. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 7 39368341
2017 Conjugation Reaction with 8-Arm PEG Markedly Improves the Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP10-TB10.4 Fusion Protein. Bioconjugate chemistry 7 28510418
2022 Conjugation with loxoribine and mannan improves the immunogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP10-TB10.4 fusion protein. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 6 35183715
2022 TMSB10 Promotes Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via JUN Transcription Regulation. Annals of clinical and laboratory science 6 35414502
2016 Designing and Construction of a DNA Vaccine Encoding Tb10.4 Gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Iranian journal of pathology 6 27499771
2023 Whole-Exome sequencing analysis identified TMSB10/TRABD2A locus to be associated with carfilzomib-related cardiotoxicity among patients with multiple myeloma. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 5 37408649
2018 Performance of Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization Regimens of Recombinant Adenovirus and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Expressing an Ag85B-TB10.4 Fusion Protein against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology 5 29847865
2014 Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB10.4 antigen. Monoclonal antibodies in immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy 5 25545212
2025 Novel tuberculosis vaccines based on TB10.4 and Ag85B: State-of-art and advocacy for good practices. Vaccine 4 40031085
2023 Evaluation of the immunotoxicity and allergenicity of a new intranasal influenza vector vaccine against tuberculosis carrying TB10.4 and HspX antigens. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences 4 37051099
2025 TMSB10 drives prostate cancer aggressiveness via immune microenvironment regulation. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) 3 40307738
2024 Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Efficacy through the Application of TMSB10 UTR for Superior Antigen Presentation and Immune Activation. Vaccines 3 38675814
2021 The Effect of Antigen Dose and Antigen Presenting Process on T Cell Stimulation: A Method for Enrichment of TB10.4 Antigen-specific T-cell Clones. Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology 1 34134457
2025 [Chemical constituents from Alternaria alternata and their activity of down-regulating TMSB10 expression]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 0 39929655
2025 Self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles using SpyCatcher/SpyTag multimerization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis TB10.4 protein induce potent immunogenicity. International immunopharmacology 0 40513336
2025 A novel influenza vector-based vaccine expressing ESAT-6 and TB10.4 confers immunity and protection against Bovine tuberculosis in guinea pigs and calves. Veterinary world 0 41113222
2025 Single-Cell Sequencing Uncovers a TMSB10-Expressing Fibroblast Subpopulation Driving Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 0 41497884