Affinage

TGFB3

Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein · UniProt P10600

Length
412 aa
Mass
47.3 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
53 papers in source corpus 14 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

TGFB3 encodes a secreted TGFβ ligand that is synthesized in a latent form and activated extracellularly by the RGD-binding integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8, which are genetically required for TGFβ3 function during palatal fusion (PMID:19118215). Activated TGFβ3 signals through the type I receptor ALK5/TGFβR1, placed downstream of TGFβ3 by conditional Alk5 deletion in TGFβ3-expressing cells, to drive medial-edge epithelial apoptosis and basement membrane dissolution during palate fusion—a role that is isoform-specific and only partially substituted by TGFβ1 (PMID:17967447, PMID:18257072). Its developmental expression is tightly controlled: a Runx1–Stat3 axis drives Tgfb3 transcription in anterior palatal epithelium, with recombinant TGFβ3 rescuing fusion in Runx1-deficient cultures (PMID:30046048), and MEE-specific expression depends on cis-regulatory elements in the neighboring Ift43 locus rather than canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling (PMID:25071603, PMID:37250135). Beyond development, TGFβ3 can act through a non-canonical pathway requiring PP2A and Notch to restrain zebrafish Müller glia proliferation (PMID:32396062), and cardiomyocyte-derived TGFβ3 competes with TGFβ1 for receptors to reduce Smad3 phosphorylation and suppress profibrotic genes (CTGF, SERPINE1), protecting against pressure-overload fibrosis (PMID:41772008). CREB-1 drives Tgfb3 transcription via a promoter CRE element in hepatic stellate cells (PMID:23206300). Loss-of-function TGFB3 mutations cause syndromic aortic aneurysm/dissection with paradoxical upregulation of TGF-β signaling, and a hypomorphic mutation produces arthrogryposis with cleft-palate features, establishing TGFB3 as essential for human palatogenesis and connective-tissue integrity (PMID:25835445, PMID:23824657).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 2007 High

    Established that TGFβ3's role in palatal epithelial fusion is isoform-specific and not fully redundant with TGFβ1, identifying apoptosis and basement membrane breakdown as the cellular outputs.

    Evidence Tgfb1-into-Tgfb3 knockin mouse with histological apoptosis and basement membrane assays

    PMID:17967447

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not define the molecular features distinguishing TGFβ3 from TGFβ1 activity
    • Mechanism of midline apoptosis induction not resolved
  2. 2008 High

    Placed ALK5/TGFβR1 genetically downstream of TGFβ3 in the palatal fusion pathway via cell-type-specific receptor deletion.

    Evidence Tgfb3-Cre-driven conditional Alk5 knockout with Rosa26 reporter in mice

    PMID:18257072

    Open questions at the time
    • Downstream SMAD effectors in palate not directly traced here
    • Does not address non-canonical receptor usage
  3. 2009 High

    Identified αvβ6/αvβ8 integrins as the upstream activators of latent TGFβ3 in vivo, defining how the latent ligand becomes biologically active during fusion.

    Evidence Itgb6/Itgb8 double-knockout and pharmacologic inhibition in mice, compared to Tgfb3-null phenotype

    PMID:19118215

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis of integrin-mediated activation not addressed
    • Tissue specificity of integrin requirement beyond palate unresolved
  4. 2012 Medium

    Defined a transcriptional input to TGFB3 by showing CREB-1 activates the promoter through a CRE element in hepatic stellate cells, with positive autoregulatory feedback.

    Evidence CREB-1 overexpression/siRNA and CRE-mutant luciferase reporter in rat HSCs

    PMID:23206300

    Open questions at the time
    • Single cell-type context
    • In vivo relevance of CRE regulation not tested
  5. 2013 Medium

    Demonstrated in humans that reduced TGFβ3 activity causes a syndrome with palatal and muscle defects, confirming TGFB3 is essential for human palatogenesis.

    Evidence Exome sequencing and segregation of a de novo hypomorphic mutation

    PMID:23824657

    Open questions at the time
    • Single family
    • Molecular consequence of the hypomorphic allele inferred rather than reconstituted
  6. 2014 Medium

    Localized the cis-regulatory architecture driving MEE-specific Tgfb3 expression to the neighboring Ift43 locus and intergenic region.

    Evidence Comparative genomics and transgenic reporter assays in mice

    PMID:25071603

    Open questions at the time
    • Specific transcription factors binding these elements not identified
    • Single transgenic system
  7. 2015 Medium

    Established TGFB3 loss-of-function as a cause of syndromic aortic aneurysm/dissection with paradoxical upregulation of TGF-β signaling, broadening its role to connective-tissue integrity.

    Evidence Linkage, exome/Sanger sequencing in 11 families with aortic-wall immunohistochemistry

    PMID:25835445

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of the signaling paradox not resolved
    • Tissue-level IHC without functional reconstitution
  8. 2018 High

    Identified a Runx1–Stat3 axis as an upstream driver of Tgfb3 transcription in anterior palatogenesis, with protein rescue confirming TGFβ3 as the effector.

    Evidence Epithelial Runx1 knockout, palatal organ-culture rescue with recombinant TGFβ3, pStat3/Socs3/Tgfb3 readouts

    PMID:30046048

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct Runx1 binding to the Tgfb3 locus not shown
    • Stat3-Tgfb3 link is correlative
  9. 2020 High

    Revealed a non-canonical TGFβ3 signaling mode in which Alk5, PP2A, and Notch mediate suppression of Müller glia proliferation, distinct from pSmad3-driven outputs.

    Evidence Zebrafish Tgfb3 overexpression with pharmacologic Alk5/PP2A/Notch inhibition and pSmad3 immunofluorescence

    PMID:32396062

    Open questions at the time
    • Biochemical link between Alk5, PP2A, and Notch not defined
    • Isoform-specificity vs Tgfb1b only partly addressed
  10. 2021 Medium

    Extended TGFB3 function to tumor suppression in chordoma and to developmental-stage-specific control of downstream effectors.

    Evidence Zebrafish tgfb3 knockout, chordoma cell-line TGFβ treatment with Smad7/miR-182/Brachyury assays; TGFB3 RNAi in neonatal vs adult fibroblasts

    PMID:34057989 PMID:34204856

    Open questions at the time
    • Fibroblast TGFBR2/DNMT3A link is Western-blot-only without rescue (Low)
    • Causal chain from TGFβ3 to Brachyury repression not fully reconstituted
  11. 2026 High

    Defined a receptor-competition mechanism in which cardiomyocyte TGFβ3 antagonizes TGFβ1, lowering Smad3 phosphorylation and protecting against cardiac fibrosis.

    Evidence Cardiomyocyte-specific TGFB3 knockout mice under pressure overload with Smad3 phosphorylation and profibrotic gene analysis

    PMID:41772008

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct competitive binding kinetics not measured
    • Whether the same competition operates in other fibrotic tissues unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How TGFβ3 selects between canonical SMAD2/3 and non-canonical (PP2A/Notch) outputs in a tissue-specific manner, and the structural basis of its receptor competition with TGFβ1, remain unresolved.
  • No structural model of TGFβ3 vs TGFβ1 receptor engagement in the corpus
  • Determinants of canonical vs non-canonical pathway choice undefined
  • Mechanism of the aneurysm signaling paradox unexplained

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 4 GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity 3
Localization
GO:0005576 extracellular region 3
Pathway
R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 3
Partners
ITGB6ITGB8TGFB1TGFBR1

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2009 The RGD-binding integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8 are required for activation of latent TGFβ3 in vivo; mice lacking both integrins recapitulate the cleft palate phenotype of Tgfb3-null mice, establishing these integrins as the upstream activators of TGFβ3 during palatal fusion. Genetic double-knockout (Itgb6-/-;Itgb8-/-) and pharmacologic inhibition in mice, phenotypic comparison with Tgfb3-/- mice Journal of cell science High 19118215
2007 TGFβ3 plays an isoform-specific role in palatal epithelial fusion that cannot be fully substituted by TGFβ1; knockin of Tgfb1 into the Tgfb3 locus only partially rescues cleft palate, with decreased apoptosis in the midline epithelium and slower basement membrane breakdown compared to controls. Knockin mouse model (Tgfb1 cDNA replacing Tgfb3 exon 1), histological analysis of apoptosis and basement membrane breakdown Developmental biology High 17967447
2008 Tgfb3 is absolutely required for normal palatal fusion and pulmonary development; conditional deletion of the TGFβ type I receptor Alk5 specifically in Tgfb3-expressing cells recapitulates the cleft palate phenotype of conventional Tgfb3 null mutants, placing Alk5/TGFβR1 downstream of TGFβ3 in the palatal epithelial fusion pathway. Tissue-specific Cre-lox gene deletion (Tgfb3-Cre driver; Alk5 conditional knockout), Rosa26 reporter assay for Cre activity, phenotypic analysis Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) High 18257072
2018 A Runx1–Stat3–Tgfb3 signaling axis is required for anterior palatogenesis; epithelial-specific Runx1 deletion markedly downregulates Tgfb3 expression and disrupts palatal fusion, and Stat3 phosphorylation is disturbed in the same regions. Exogenous TGFB3 protein rescues the fusion defect in mutant palatal cultures, and Socs3 (an inhibitor of Stat3) is upregulated by Runx1 deficiency in the primary palate. Epithelial-specific Cre-lox knockout (Runx1), palatal organ culture rescue assay with recombinant TGFB3 protein, immunofluorescence for pStat3, qPCR for Socs3/Tgfb3 Scientific reports High 30046048
2014 Cis-regulatory elements controlling Tgfb3 expression in the medial edge epithelium (MEE) during palatogenesis are located in intron 2 of the neighboring Ift43 gene and in the intergenic region between Ift43 and Tgfb3; a 61-kb genomic fragment encompassing Tgfb3 drives specific reporter expression in MEE and adjacent periderm. Comparative genomics, transgenic reporter assays in mice Frontiers in physiology Medium 25071603
2023 Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling via Ctnnb1 is NOT required for MEE-specific Tgfb3 expression or TGFβ3-dependent palatal epithelial fusion; deletion of Ctnnb1 in basal MEE cells by K14Cre does not affect Tgfb3 expression or palatal fusion (only <5% cleft palate), contradicting a prior report. K14Cre-driven conditional Ctnnb1 knockout, in situ hybridization for Tgfb3 expression, phenotypic analysis of palatal fusion Frontiers in physiology Medium 37250135
2020 In zebrafish, Tgfb3 inhibits injury-induced Müller glia (MG) proliferation and retinal regeneration through a non-canonical TGFβ signaling pathway involving Alk5, PP2A, and Notch; pSmad3 is restricted to quiescent MG and suppressed in injury-responsive MG, and Tgfb3 (but not Tgfb1b) overexpression inhibits MG proliferation, with inhibition of Alk5, PP2A, or Notch rescuing proliferation in Tgfb3-overexpressing fish. Transgenic overexpression in zebrafish, pharmacologic inhibition of Alk5/PP2A/Notch, immunofluorescence for pSmad3, MG proliferation assays eLife High 32396062
2015 Loss-of-function mutations in TGFB3 cause syndromic aortic aneurysms and dissections with paradoxical upregulation of both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling in aortic wall tissues, mirroring the signaling paradox seen with TGFBR1/2, SMAD3, and TGFB2 mutations. Genome-wide linkage analysis, exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing in 11 families; immunohistochemical analysis of TGF-β signaling markers in aortic wall tissue Journal of the American College of Cardiology Medium 25835445
2013 A de novo hypomorphic mutation in TGFB3 identified by exome sequencing causes a syndrome with distal arthrogryposis, hypotonia, bifid uvula, and failure of normal post-natal muscle development, demonstrating that decreased TGFβ3 signaling (loss of TGFB3 activity) is responsible for the phenotype and that TGFB3 is essential for human palatogenesis and normal muscle growth. Exome sequencing, segregation analysis, functional assessment of mutation effect (hypomorphic) American journal of medical genetics. Part A Medium 23824657
2021 TGFB3 acts as a tumor suppressor in chordoma; knockout/knockdown of tgfb3 in zebrafish produces a chordoma-like neoplasm, and exogenous TGFβ activates Smad7 (by downregulating miR-182), inhibits chordoma cell migration and invasion, and decreases Brachyury expression. The miR-29 family suppresses TGFB3 in human chordoma. Zebrafish tgfb3 knockout/knockdown, in vitro TGFβ treatment of chordoma cell line (UM-Chor1), migration/invasion assays, Smad7/miR-182/Brachyury expression analysis Carcinogenesis Medium 34057989
2012 CREB-1 (cAMP-response element binding protein-1) upregulates TGFβ3 mRNA expression and promoter activity in rat hepatic stellate cells via the CRE site in the TGFβ3 promoter; mutation of the CRE site abolishes this effect. Exogenous TGFβ3 also enhances endogenous TGFβ3 expression (positive feedback) in HSCs. CREB-1 overexpression/siRNA knockdown in rat HSCs, luciferase reporter assay with wild-type vs. CRE-mutant TGFβ3 promoter, real-time PCR Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi (Chinese journal of hepatology) Medium 23206300
2021 TGFB3 knockdown in neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-N) decreases TGFBR2 and DNMT3A protein levels, revealing a developmental stage-specific regulatory interaction between TGFB3 and these downstream effectors that is absent in adult fibroblasts (HDF-A). RNAi-mediated knockdown of TGFB3 in neonatal vs. adult fibroblasts, Western blot analysis of CTGF, TGFBR2, DNMT3A protein levels Current issues in molecular biology Low 34204856
2026 Cardiomyocyte-derived TGFB3 competes with TGFB1 for TGF-β receptors, thereby reducing Smad3 phosphorylation and suppressing profibrotic gene activation (CTGF, SERPINE1); cardiomyocyte-specific TGFB3 knockout in mice worsens cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis under pressure overload. Cardiomyocyte-specific TGFB3 knockout mouse model, histological and molecular analysis of fibrosis, Smad3 phosphorylation assay, profibrotic gene expression (CTGF, SERPINE1) Scientific reports High 41772008
2025 TSP2 deficiency in dermal fibroblasts upregulates TGF-β3 and Wnt4/β-catenin signaling, enhancing fibroblast proliferation and migration; CRISPR/Cas9-engineered TSP2 knockout in NIH3T3 fibroblasts confirmed these pathway activations. Bulk RNA-seq of TSP2 KO vs. WT murine primary fibroblasts, CRISPR/Cas9 stable TSP2 KO in NIH3T3 cells, proliferation/migration assays FASEB journal Medium 41427771
2025 In zebrafish spinal cord injury, disruption of sema4ab in microglia increases fibroblast expression of tgfb3, which strongly promotes regenerative neurogenesis; tgfb3 produced by fibroblasts acts downstream of microglial sema4ab signaling to regulate neural progenitor proliferation. scRNA-seq, in vivo sema4ab disruption in zebrafish, analysis of tgfb3 expression in fibroblasts, progenitor cell counting after spinal cord injury bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Low
2025 In the developing neocortex, the progenitor isoform of Meis2 (a transcription factor regulated by Rbfox splicing) promotes Tgfb3 transcription, placing TGFB3 downstream of Meis2 in a cell-type-specific splicing regulatory cascade in neural progenitor cells. Cell-type-specific RNA-seq, Rbfox1/2/3 ablation, Meis2 isoform overexpression with Tgfb3 transcription readout in developing neocortex bioRxiv (preprint)preprint Low

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 53 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
1998 Association of MSX1 and TGFB3 with nonsyndromic clefting in humans. American journal of human genetics 244 9683588
2015 Mutations in a TGF-β ligand, TGFB3, cause syndromic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 234 25835445
2009 Mice that lack activity of alphavbeta6- and alphavbeta8-integrins reproduce the abnormalities of Tgfb1- and Tgfb3-null mice. Journal of cell science 192 19118215
2020 Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-93-5p from cancer-associated fibroblasts confer radioresistance in colorectal cancer cells by downregulating FOXA1 and upregulating TGFB3. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR 121 32293494
1997 Studies of the candidate genes TGFB2, MSX1, TGFA, and TGFB3 in the etiology of cleft lip and palate in the Philippines. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 115 9003904
2014 Yield of serial evaluation in at-risk family members of patients with ARVD/C. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 81 25034067
2013 A mutation in TGFB3 associated with a syndrome of low muscle mass, growth retardation, distal arthrogryposis and clinical features overlapping with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 75 23824657
2003 Variants of developmental genes (TGFA, TGFB3, and MSX1) and their associations with orofacial clefts: a case-parent triad analysis. Genetic epidemiology 73 12652527
2012 Early detection of regional functional abnormalities in asymptomatic ARVD/C gene carriers. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 69 22727198
2007 Tgfb1 expressed in the Tgfb3 locus partially rescues the cleft palate phenotype of Tgfb3 null mutants. Developmental biology 55 17967447
2012 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C): a review of molecular and clinical literature. Journal of genetic counseling 52 22426942
2005 PAX9 and TGFB3 are linked to susceptibility to nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Japanese: population-based and family-based candidate gene analyses. Journal of human genetics 50 16247549
2020 Tgfb3 collaborates with PP2A and notch signaling pathways to inhibit retina regeneration. eLife 39 32396062
2000 Characterization of C14orf4, a novel intronless human gene containing a polyglutamine repeat, mapped to the ARVD1 critical region. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 38 11095982
2003 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type 1 (ARVD1): confirmation of locus assignment and mutation screening of four candidate genes. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 37 12529708
2010 MTHFR, TGFB3, and TGFA polymorphisms and their association with the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip and cleft palate in China. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 26 20082468
2008 Tissue-specific expression of Cre recombinase from the Tgfb3 locus. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 24 18257072
2013 Differential expression of GDF9, TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 in porcine oocytes isolated from follicles of different size before and after culture in vitro. Acta veterinaria Hungarica 22 23439295
2011 TGFB3 and BMP4 polymorphism are associated with isolated tooth agenesis. Acta odontologica Scandinavica 20 22191848
2020 Tgfb3 and Mmp13 regulated the initiation of liver fibrosis progression as dynamic network biomarkers. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 19 33269546
2015 Exome sequencing identifies a novel heterozygous TGFB3 mutation in a disorder overlapping with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Molecular and cellular probes 18 26184463
2016 Survivin-TGFB3-TIMP1 Gene Therapy Via Lentivirus Vector Slows the Course of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in an In Vivo Rabbit Model. Spine 14 26839993
2004 TAIL1: an isthmin-like gene, containing type 1 thrombospondin-repeat and AMOP domain, mapped to ARVD1 critical region. Gene 14 15194193
2016 MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 Gene Polymorphisms in Brazilian Chronic Periodontitis and Periimplantitis Subjects. Brazilian dental journal 13 27058373
2015 TGFβ3 (TGFB3) polymorphism is associated with male infertility. Scientific reports 13 26612435
2013 Update on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine 13 23728845
2021 HDAC8-inhibitor PCI-34051-induced exosomes inhibit human bronchial smooth muscle cell proliferation via miR-381-3p mediated TGFB3. Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics 12 34740750
2018 Runx1-Stat3-Tgfb3 signaling network regulating the anterior palatal development. Scientific reports 11 30046048
2015 Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) and cathecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT): A phenotypic spectrum seen in same patient. Journal of electrocardiology 11 26082335
2014 Control elements targeting Tgfb3 expression to the palatal epithelium are located intergenically and in introns of the upstream Ift43 gene. Frontiers in physiology 11 25071603
2010 Comparison of Uhl's anomaly, right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia (RVOT VT) & arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) with an insight into genetics of ARVD/C. The Indian journal of medical research 11 20167972
2022 Upregulation of key genes Eln and Tgfb3 were associated with the severity of cardiac hypertrophy. BMC genomics 10 35964009
2021 TGFB3-AS1 promotes Hcy-induced inflammationof macrophages via inhibiting the maturityof miR-144 and upregulating Rap1a. Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids 6 34853730
2020 Homozygous deletion of exons 2-7 within TGFB3 gene in a child with severe Loeys-Dietz syndrome and Marfan-like features. American journal of medical genetics. Part A 6 32022420
2023 TGFB3 gene mutation associated with mandibular coronoid process hyperplasia: a family investigation. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology 4 37246056
2022 Generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines carrying the phospholamban R14del mutation for modeling ARVD/C. Stem cell research 4 35700631
2022 Optimizing Tenogenic Differentiation of Equine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (eq-ASC) Using TGFB3 Along with BMP Antagonists. Cell journal 4 36043405
2021 Generation of three induced pluripotent stem cell lines, SCVIi003-A, SCVIi004-A, SCVIi005-A, from patients with ARVD/C caused by heterozygous mutations in the PKP2 gene. Stem cell research 4 33743362
2021 TGFB3 downregulation causing chordomagenesis and its tumor suppression role maintained by Smad7. Carcinogenesis 4 34057989
2023 Variable clinical expression of a Belgian TGFB3 founder variant suggests the presence of a genetic modifier. Frontiers in genetics 3 37719708
2021 Influence of TGFBR2, TGFB3, DNMT1, and DNMT3A Knockdowns on CTGF, TGFBR2, and DNMT3A in Neonatal and Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts Cell Lines. Current issues in molecular biology 3 34204856
2022 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD) With Protein Plakophilin-2 Mutation. Cureus 2 35698692
2022 Generation of a human TGFB3-hIPSC line, BBANTWi010-A, from a Loeys-Dietz syndrome type V patient. Stem cell research 2 36356561
2021 An induced pluripotent stem cell line (EHTJUi004-A) generated from a neonate with c.4683_4684delCT:p.Leu1563fs mutation in the gene DSP causing Familial Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD). Stem cell research 2 34087998
2004 [MRI and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). Retrospective evaluation of 50 patients]. Journal de radiologie 2 15192524
2025 Elevated Expression of TGFB1 in PBMCs Is Associated with Intracranial Aneurysm Formation, but TGFB3 Expression Implicated Rupture. Biomedicines 1 40563991
2018 Low responsiveness to a hepatitis B virus vaccine in a Chinese population lacks association with ITGAL, CD58, TNFSF15, CCL15, TGFB3, and BCL6 gene variants. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 1 29902581
2026 Cardiomyocyte-derived TGFB3 attenuates cardiac fibrosis and preserves cardiac function in heart failure. Scientific reports 0 41772008
2025 Novel FLNC and TGFB3 Mutations in Early Onset Familial Atrial Fibrillation With Diastolic Dysfunction. JACC. Case reports 0 41117735
2025 TSP2 Deficiency Promotes Fibroblast Proliferation and Migration With Enhanced WNT4/β-Catenin/TGFb3. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 0 41427771
2023 Canonical Wnt signaling is not required for Tgfb3 expression in the basal medial edge epithelium during palatogenesis. Frontiers in physiology 0 37250135
2016 Associations Between TGFA/TGFB3/MSX1 Gene Polymorphisms and Congenital Non-Syndromic Hearing Impairment in a Chinese Population. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research 0 27356075
2012 [Effects of cAMP-response element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) on transforming growth factor-b3 (TGFb3) mRNA expression and promoter activity in hepatic stellate cells]. Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 0 23206300

Missed literature

Know a paper Affinage missed for TGFB3? Flag it for the maintainers and the community.

No submissions yet.