| 2014 |
Human SYCP3 forms a highly-elongated helical tetramer of ~20 nm length. N-terminal sequences extending from each end of the rod-like structure bind double-stranded DNA, enabling SYCP3 to bridge distant sites along the sister chromatid. SYCP3 self-assembles into regular filamentous structures resembling the SC lateral element morphology. |
Protein crystallography/structural determination combined with DNA-binding assays and in vitro self-assembly/electron microscopy |
eLife |
High |
24950965
|
| 2017 |
SYCP3 mediates chromosome compaction by bridging distant DNA sites via DNA-binding domains at each end of its strut-like tetrameric structure, directly visualized at the single-molecule level using optical tweezers and fluorescence microscopy. |
Single-molecule optical tweezers combined with fluorescence microscopy and microfluidics, plus bulk biochemical assays |
eLife |
High |
28287952
|
| 2019 |
The three-dimensional architecture of the SYCP3 fibre is built on a highly irregular arrangement of SYCP3 molecules with limited local geometry; interactions between molecules are driven by intrinsically disordered tails with no contact between helical cores, resulting in a flexible fibre. The fibre engages in extensive interactions with DNA. |
Cryo-electron tomography and atomic force microscopy |
Open biology |
High |
31615332
|
| 2003 |
A truncating mutation (643delA) in SYCP3 that removes the C-terminal coiled-coil region produces a mutant protein with greatly reduced interaction with wild-type SYCP3 in vitro and interferes with SYCP3 fibre formation in cultured cells, acting as a dominant-negative to cause azoospermia. |
In vitro protein interaction assay (co-expression/pulldown), cell-based fibre formation assay, SYCP3 gene sequencing in patients |
Lancet |
Medium |
14643120
|
| 2008 |
Two heterozygous SYCP3 mutations found in women with recurrent pregnancy loss affect normal splicing and produce C-terminally mutated proteins that interact with wild-type SYCP3 in vitro and inhibit normal SYCP3 fibre formation when co-expressed in a heterologous system, acting in a dominant-negative manner. |
Minigene splicing assay, in vitro protein interaction assay, heterologous cell co-expression fibre formation assay |
American journal of human genetics |
Medium |
19110213
|
| 2011 |
SYCP3 forms a complex with BRCA2 and inhibits BRCA2's role in homologous recombination (HR), thereby impairing RAD51-mediated HR, inducing hypersensitivity to PARP inhibitors, and causing chromosomal instability in mitotic cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation to establish SYCP3–BRCA2 complex; HR pathway assay; cell viability assay with PARP inhibitor; chromosomal instability measurement |
EMBO reports |
Medium |
22116401
|
| 2005 |
In the absence of SYCP3, cohesin cores associated with female (but not male) meiotic chromosomes disassemble prematurely at the diplotene stage, demonstrating that SYCP3 is required for maintaining (but not establishing) cohesin-core organization during prophase I in a sex-specific manner. |
Analysis of cohesin protein distribution by immunostaining in Sycp3-deficient mouse germ cells (knockout mouse model) |
Journal of cell science |
High |
15870106
|
| 2004 |
SYCP3 (and SYCP2) are required for intimate synapsis of homologous chromosome cores but not for homology-based alignment (which appears mediated by chromatin-chromatin interactions). Additionally, SYCP3/SYCP2 provide specificity for chromatin loop attachment to the chromosome core, as their absence leads to anomalous attachment of exogenous sequences. |
Whole chromosome painting in Sycp3-/- male mice; chromatin loop size measurement using satellite and transgene sequences in knockout vs. wild-type |
Cytogenetic and genome research |
Medium |
15237206
|
| 2007 |
DAZL binds to Sycp3 mRNA and enhances its translation in male mouse germ cells; in Dazl knockout mice, SYCP3 protein levels are decreased, establishing Sycp3 as a biologically relevant target of Dazl-mediated translational regulation during spermatogenesis. |
RNA binding assay (DAZL–Sycp3 mRNA interaction), in vitro translation assay, Western blot analysis of SYCP3 protein in Dazl knockout mice |
RNA |
High |
17526644
|
| 2022 |
The E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor FBXW24 directly binds and ubiquitinates SYCP3 to regulate its stability and timely degradation during pachytene. Fbxw24-KO females show elevated SYCP3 levels, delayed meiotic prophase progression, increased DSBs, decreased crossover foci, and infertility. Key ubiquitination sites on SYCP3 were mapped by mass spectrometry and confirmed by in vitro and in vivo ubiquitination assays. |
Co-IP and immuno-EM (FBXW24–SYCP3 interaction); mass spectrometry (ubiquitination site mapping); in vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays; Fbxw24-KO mouse phenotypic analysis (fertility, DSB markers, crossover foci) |
Clinical and translational medicine |
High |
35858239
|
| 2007 |
The evolutionarily conserved domains of SYCP3 (the central alpha-helix together with flanking motifs CM1 and CM2) are necessary and sufficient for SYCP3 polymerization into higher-order structures, as shown for rat SYCP3. Deletion of the very end of the alpha-helix and CM2 disrupts polymerization and is associated with meiotic disruption. |
Immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and cell fractionation of SYCP3 domain deletion constructs |
Sexual development |
Medium |
18391527
|
| 2007 |
Despite ~450 million years of sequence divergence, rat and medaka fish SYCP3 orthologs share conserved polymerization properties and can co-assemble into higher-order structures, as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, and cell fractionation. |
Immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, cell fractionation of co-expressed rat and medaka SYCP3 |
Biochimica et biophysica acta |
Medium |
17459791
|
| 2007 |
SYCP3 forms an intricate network structure from diplotene onwards on achiasmate sex chromosomes in Mongolian gerbil, maintaining sex chromosome association through metaphase I, with SYCP3 filaments connecting X and Y chromosomes observed during anaphase I segregation. This implicates SYCP3 in the segregation of sex chromosomes that lack pseudoautosomal recombination. |
Immunolocalization of SYCP3 (and SYCP1, RAD51, MLH1, γ-H2AX) on meiotic chromosome spreads across meiotic stages |
PLoS genetics |
Medium |
17983272
|
| 2025 |
Genome-wide chromatin occupancy profiling shows SYCP3 is enriched at open chromatin regions and specific SINE repeats in mouse spermatocytes. SYCP3 occupancy is largely inherited from leptotene to pachytene, is facilitated by transcription and fibrous assembly, and SYCP1-occupied regions are largely a subpopulation of SYCP3-occupied regions with high cohesin enrichment. |
ChIP-seq / chromatin occupancy profiling (CUT&RUN or equivalent) in mouse spermatocytes combined with SYCP1 co-occupancy analysis |
Nucleic acids research |
Medium |
40488283
|
| 2001 |
The putative promoter of SYCP3 was cloned and shown to drive transcription of a reporter gene in somatic cells, establishing the basic transcriptional regulatory element of the gene. |
Reporter gene (transcriptional) assay in somatic cells |
Biochimica et biophysica acta |
Low |
11311943
|