| 2000 |
SRRM2 (termed SRL300) was cloned and characterized as a novel RNA-binding protein containing a unique RNA-binding region and two large RS (arginine-serine repeat) domains with multiple phosphorylation sites, expressed in both human and rat cells. |
cDNA cloning and characterization; protein detection by immunoblot |
Biochimica et biophysica acta |
Medium |
11004489
|
| 2002 |
SRRM2 (SRm300) was identified as a component of catalytically active spliceosomal C complexes containing splicing intermediates, detected by tandem mass spectrometry in affinity-purified native spliceosomes. |
Affinity purification of native spliceosomes followed by tandem mass spectrometry |
RNA (New York, N.Y.) |
Medium |
11991638
|
| 2003 |
SRRM2 (SRm300) physically interacts with Pinin (Pnn/DRS/memA) via Pnn's polyserine/RS motif and co-localizes with Pnn and SRp75 in nuclear speckles in corneal epithelial cells; these proteins co-immunoprecipitate and form a multiprotein complex associated with pre-mRNA splicing machinery. |
Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, co-transfection with immunostaining in HCE-T and HEK-293 cells |
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science |
Medium |
14578391
|
| 2003 |
SRRM2 (TAXREB803/SRL300) functions as a transcriptional co-activator for HTLV-1 Tax protein; it binds to the Tax responsive element (TxRE) in a GC-rich sequence-dependent manner, enhances Tax-dependent transcription and CREB binding to TxRE, and physically interacts with Tax as shown by co-immunoprecipitation. Knockdown of endogenous SRRM2 by siRNA dramatically reduces Tax transactivation of the HTLV-1 LTR. |
Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, indirect immunofluorescence, siRNA knockdown with luciferase reporter assay |
Journal of virology |
Medium |
12941912
|
| 2009 |
Yeast Cwc21p (ortholog of human SRm300/SRRM2) binds directly to the splicing factors Prp8p and Snu114p, docking it to U5 snRNP proteins, and is the first NTC-related protein known to interact directly with U5 snRNP. The conserved cwf21 domain in Cwc21p is identified as the Prp8p binding site by chemical cross-linking. Genetic interactions with Isy1p place Cwc21p at or prior to the first catalytic step of splicing. Importantly, human SRm300 was shown to be a functional ortholog of Cwc21p, also interacting directly with Prp8p and Snu114p, placing SRRM2 at the catalytic center of the human spliceosome. |
Direct binding assays, chemical cross-linking, yeast two-hybrid, genetic epistasis, proteomic techniques including tandem affinity purification |
RNA (New York, N.Y.) |
High |
19854871
|
| 2009 |
Cwc21 (yeast ortholog of SRm300/SRRM2) shows strong genetic, physical, and functional interactions with Isy1 (a protein implicated in the first catalytic step of splicing and splicing fidelity), and genetic interaction mapping supports multiple roles for Cwc21/SRm300 in the formation and function of splicing complexes including activation of splicing. |
Quantitative genetic interaction mapping (E-MAP), mass spectrometry of tandem affinity-purified complexes, microarray profiling |
RNA (New York, N.Y.) |
High |
19789211 19854871
|
| 2013 |
RSR-2 (C. elegans ortholog of SRRM2) is essential for viability and lies within the germline sex determination pathway by genetic epistasis. RSR-2 co-precipitates with chromatin and co-localizes with RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) in germline nuclei, with a ChIP-Seq profile mirroring that of RNAPII. RSR-2 interacts with RNAPII and affects RNAPII phosphorylation states in a splicing-independent manner, and its strongest proteomic interactors are PRP-8 and PRP-19. This reveals a transcriptional function for SRRM2/RSR-2 beyond splicing. |
RNAi/mutant genetic epistasis, ChIP-Seq, co-immunoprecipitation, quantitative proteomics (mass spectrometry), immunostaining |
PLoS genetics |
High |
23754964
|
| 2015 |
A germline missense mutation in SRRM2 (S346F) co-segregates with papillary thyroid carcinoma and causes significant differences in alternative splicing affecting 1,642 exons in leukocytes from mutation carriers, with a net higher ratio of exon inclusion, establishing that SRRM2 S346F alters alternative splicing of downstream target genes. |
Whole exome sequencing, haplotype analysis, RNA-Seq comparison of mutation carriers vs. controls, RT-PCR validation of 7 exons |
Scientific reports |
Medium |
26135620
|
| 2017 |
Human cactin physically and functionally interacts with SRRM2 (and DHX8); cactin depletion leads to premature sister chromatid separation and genome instability caused by incomplete splicing of the sororin (CDCA5) pre-mRNA, establishing that cellular complexes comprising cactin, DHX8, and SRRM2 sustain pre-mRNA splicing fidelity for specific targets required for chromosome segregation. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown with defined phenotypic readouts (chromosome separation, genome instability), RNA-Seq splicing analysis |
Journal of cell science |
Medium |
28062851
|
| 2020 |
The SC35 monoclonal antibody (widely used to mark nuclear speckles) was found to primarily target SRRM2, not SRSF2/SC35 as previously believed. Co-depletion of SON and SRRM2, or depletion of SON in cells where the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of SRRM2 are genetically deleted, leads to near-complete dissolution of nuclear speckles, establishing SON and SRRM2 as the core scaffold proteins required for nuclear speckle formation. |
Antibody characterization (immunoprecipitation-MS), siRNA co-depletion, CRISPR-mediated genetic deletion of SRRM2 IDRs, fluorescence microscopy of nuclear speckles |
eLife |
High |
33095160
|
| 2022 |
SRRM2 forms biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), displaying spherical shape, dynamic rearrangement, coalescence, and concentration-dependent behavior confirmed by in vitro experiments. SRRM2 organizes nuclear speckles throughout the cell cycle. SRRM2 deficiency causes skipping of cassette exons with short introns and weak splice sites, and in THP-1 cells compromises viability, upregulates differentiation markers, and sensitizes cells to anti-leukemia drugs. SRRM2 regulates FES and MUC1 splice isoforms linked to innate immunity and oncogenic properties. |
EGFP-SRRM2 knock-in HEK293T cells, live-cell imaging, in vitro phase separation assays, RNA-Seq after SRRM2 depletion, cell viability assays, flow cytometry |
Nucleic acids research |
High |
35929045
|
| 2023 |
Nuclear arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS) physically interacts and co-localizes with SRRM2; during inflammation, arginine depletion reduces nuclear ArgRS levels, which correlates with changes in condensate-like nuclear trafficking of SRRM2 and altered splice-site usage in specific genes, resulting in different protein isoforms that alter cellular metabolism and peptide presentation to immune cells. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, co-localization imaging, siRNA depletion, RNA-Seq splice-site analysis, metabolic and immunopeptidome assays |
Nature cell biology |
High |
37059883
|
| 2024 |
SRRM2 and SON form immiscible multiphases within nuclear speckles and are functionally independent, each regulating distinct subsets of alternative splicing targets. SRRM2 forms multicomponent liquid phases through homotypic interaction and heterotypic protein-RNA complex coacervation-driven phase separation. The serine/arginine-rich (RS) domains of SRRM2 form higher-order oligomers required for phase separation, and the serine residues within RS domains fine-tune nuclear speckle liquidity. RS domains can be functionally replaced by synthetic oligomerizable modules. |
Live-cell imaging, FRAP, in vitro phase separation assays, RS domain mutagenesis and synthetic module replacement, RNA-Seq of SRRM2 and SON individual knockdowns |
Cell reports |
High |
38381607
|
| 2024 |
SRRM2 modulates Srrm2 dosage is critical for maintaining embryonic stem cell pluripotency; Srrm2 heterozygosity in mouse ESCs promotes loss of stemness with coexistence of naive and formative pluripotency markers. The earliest effects are specific alternative splicing changes on a small number of genes, followed by expression changes in metabolism and differentiation-related genes including SRF-regulated targets. |
Srrm2 heterozygous mouse ESC model, RNAi knockdown, RNA-Seq, splicing analysis, pluripotency marker immunostaining |
Biology open |
Medium |
38656788
|
| 2025 |
SRRM2 modulates the levels of both S6K1 and S6K2 to activate the mTOR-S6K pathway in colorectal cancer cells. Mechanistically, SRRM2 facilitates S6K2 expression by regulating alternative splicing of the S6K2 pre-mRNA, and enhances S6K1 protein stability by regulating the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2. SRRM2 knockdown or overexpression modulates CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. |
siRNA knockdown and overexpression, RNA-Seq splicing analysis, protein stability assays, ubiquitination assays, xenograft mouse models |
Oncogene |
Medium |
39956864
|
| 2025 |
A point mutation in SRRM2 (identified in an ALS family) causes loss of a specific protein-protein interaction between SRRM2 and the splicing factor ACIN1, leading to widespread differential gene expression converging on dysregulation of synapse-associated pathways, identifying SRRM2 as a novel ALS risk factor. |
Endogenous point mutation knock-in cell line, co-immunoprecipitation, RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2025.09.11.675713
|
| 2024 |
Srrm2+/- heterozygous mice display large-scale changes in gene expression in neuronal and glial cells, reduction of key postsynaptic proteins including the SynGAP-γ isoform, abnormal splicing and elevated expression of Agap3 (a SynGAP interactor), reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes with decreased myelin-related mRNAs and proteins, and behavioral/EEG abnormalities including reduced sleep spindles phenocopying schizophrenia. |
Srrm2+/- mouse model, RNA-Seq in multiple brain regions, proteomics, immunostaining, EEG, behavioral testing |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2024.10.10.617460
|
| 2025 |
Upon simultaneous dTAG-mediated depletion of SON and SRRM2, specific genomic regions (SWING domains) relocate to the nuclear periphery and acquire repressive histone marks (H3K9me3) with transcriptional downregulation of developmental pathway genes, establishing nuclear speckles (scaffolded by SON and SRRM2) as organizers of active chromatin that oppose nuclear lamina-associated gene repression. |
Rapid dTAG-mediated co-depletion of SON and SRRM2, Hi-C/3D genomics, ChIP-Seq (H3K9me3), RNA-Seq, patient-derived cell analysis |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2025.10.01.679801
|
| 2025 |
SRRM2 (and SRRM1) are identified as potential direct phosphorylation substrates of the nuclear speckle-localized kinase TAOK2 by cellular and biochemical phosphoproteomics; TAOK2 knockdown perturbs nearly all speckle-resident SR proteins and disrupts speckle integrity and speckle-localized splicing, suggesting that TAOK2-mediated phosphorylation of SRRM1/2 plays a structural maintenance role at nuclear speckles. |
siRNA knockdown, cellular and biochemical phosphoproteomics, RNA-Seq (alternative splicing analysis), immunofluorescence of speckle-resident proteins |
bioRxivpreprint |
Low |
bio_10.1101_2025.09.29.679379
|
| 2024 |
The intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of SRRM2 is required for enlargement of nuclear speckles in the presence of the HIV capsid, and HIV-induced CPSF6 puncta fuse with nuclear speckles via the IDR of SRRM2. |
Genetic manipulation and depletion experiments, live-cell imaging of SRRM2 IDR mutants, HIV infection assays |
bioRxivpreprint |
Low |
bio_10.1101_2024.10.06.616889
|
| 2025 |
Downregulation of SRRM2 disrupts nuclear speckle integrity and promotes TDP-43 mislocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and loss of TDP-43 splicing function, linking SRRM2-dependent speckle maintenance to TDP-43 pathology relevant to ALS/FTLD. |
APEX2 proximity labeling, mass spectrometry interactome, siRNA knockdown of SRRM2, TDP-43 localization imaging, cryptic exon splicing assay |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2025.04.07.646890
|
| 2024 |
In senescent cells, SRRM2 is repurposed to cluster CTCF into senescence-induced clusters (SICCs) on nuclear speckles, a process dependent on SRRM2's RNA-binding domain. This CTCF clustering rewires chromatin positioning and is functionally required to sustain the senescence-specific alternative splicing program, as SICC disruption fully reverts alternative splicing patterns. |
Super-resolution imaging, 3D genomics, functional splicing assays, SRRM2 domain deletion experiments, siRNA knockdown with chromatin and splicing readouts |
bioRxivpreprint |
Medium |
bio_10.1101_2024.07.16.603680
|
| 2025 |
Polyphosphate (polyP) directly interacts with the nuclear speckle core component SRRM2; polyP depletion disrupts nuclear speckle organization and releases splicing factors into the nucleoplasm. PolyP acts as a physiological inhibitor of CLK3 kinase, preventing CLK3-mediated phosphorylation of SR proteins and thereby maintaining nuclear speckle stability. PolyP depletion increases exon inclusion particularly in long multi-exon genes. |
BAR (Biotinylation by Antibody Recognition) proximity labeling, polyP depletion, RNA-Seq splicing analysis, CLK3 kinase inhibition assays, nuclear speckle imaging |
bioRxivpreprint |
Low |
bio_10.1101_2025.01.15.633116
|