| 2025 |
SLC7A11 functions as an unconventional H+ transporter in lysosomes, mediating a slow lysosomal proton leak through downward flux of cystine and glutamate (two H+ equivalents with large but opposite concentration gradients). SLC7A11 deficiency or inhibition causes lysosomal over-acidification, reduced degradation, accumulation of storage materials, ferroptosis, and facilitates α-synuclein aggregation in neurons. |
Orphan lysosome membrane protein candidate screen, lysosomal pH measurements, genetic knockout, pharmacological inhibition, live-cell imaging, fractionation, neuronal ferroptosis assays |
Cell |
High |
40280132
|
| 2011 |
SLC7A11 (xCT) forms the specific light chain of system xc-, linked by a disulfide bridge to the heavy chain 4F2 (SLC3A2), and transports cystine into cells in exchange for glutamate at a 1:1 ratio; intracellular cystine is reduced to cysteine, the rate-limiting precursor for glutathione synthesis. |
Biochemical characterization, functional transport assays, review of molecular biology of xCT/4F2 complex |
Amino acids |
High |
21369940
|
| 2019 |
Oncogenic KRAS upregulates SLC7A11 (xCT) transcription via the ETS-1 transcription factor (downstream of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK) in synergy with ATF4; xCT-mediated cystine uptake maintains GSH levels and is required for KRAS-mediated oncogenic transformation in vitro and in vivo. |
Whole transcriptome analysis, promoter transactivation assays, shRNA knockdown, xenograft tumor models |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
High |
31000598
|
| 2019 |
IFNγ from CD8+ T cells and radiotherapy-activated ATM independently and synergistically suppress SLC7A11, reducing cystine uptake and enhancing tumor lipid oxidation and ferroptosis. |
In vitro signaling assays, tumor models with ferroptosis agonists/antagonists, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of SLC7A11 |
Cancer discovery |
High |
31554642
|
| 2022 |
SLC7A11 imports kynurenine (KYN) from IDO1-expressing cells into non-IDO1-expressing 'receiver' cells; once inside, KYN is converted to downstream metabolites that suppress ferroptosis by ROS scavenging and activating an NRF2-dependent, AHR-independent cell-protective pathway including SLC7A11 itself, propagating anti-ferroptotic signaling. |
Metabolic tracing, genetic knockdown/knockout of SLC7A11, pharmacological inhibition, NRF2 reporter assays |
Molecular cell |
High |
35245456
|
| 2022 |
SOCS2 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor that recognizes the N-terminal domain of SLC7A11 via its SH2 domain and recruits elongin B/C to promote K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of SLC7A11, leading to ferroptosis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping, ubiquitination assays, in vivo xenograft models |
Cell death and differentiation |
High |
35995846
|
| 2023 |
TRIM3 E3 ubiquitin ligase directly interacts with SLC7A11 through its NHL domain and promotes K11-linked ubiquitination of SLC7A11 at K37, leading to proteasome-mediated SLC7A11 degradation and ferroptosis in NSCLC. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination assays, domain mapping, in vivo tumor models |
Cell death and differentiation |
High |
37978273
|
| 2023 |
ZRANB1, normally considered a deubiquitinase, functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for SLC7A11 via a non-canonical catalytic domain (residues 463–584); it ubiquitinates and represses SLC7A11 expression, inhibits GSH synthesis, and promotes ferroptosis. |
DUB sgRNA whole-genome screen, Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, domain deletion mutagenesis, lipid peroxidation assays |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
37831441
|
| 2024 |
ZDHHC8, a palmitoyl transferase, catalyzes S-palmitoylation of SLC7A11 at Cys327, which stabilizes SLC7A11 protein by decreasing its ubiquitination. AMPKα1 phosphorylates ZDHHC8 at S299 to strengthen the ZDHHC8–SLC7A11 interaction, promoting palmitoylation and ferroptosis resistance in glioblastoma. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis (Cys327, S299), palmitoylation assays, ubiquitination assays, in vitro kinase assay, xenograft models |
Cancer letters |
High |
38211651
|
| 2023 |
USP8 stabilizes OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) by inhibiting K48-linked polyubiquitination at OGT K117; SLK-mediated phosphorylation of USP8 at S716 is required for USP8–OGT interaction. OGT then O-GlcNAcylates SLC7A11 at Ser26, which is essential for SLC7A11-mediated cystine import. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, site-directed mutagenesis, O-GlcNAcylation assays, cystine uptake assays, xenograft models |
Advanced science |
High |
37867237
|
| 2024 |
SPTBN2 interacts with SLC7A11 via its CH domain and connects it to the motor protein Arp1, facilitating membrane localization of SLC7A11, which is required for its cystine transport (System Xc-) activity and GSH synthesis. Loss of SPTBN2 reduces SLC7A11 membrane trafficking and sensitizes NSCLC to ferroptosis. |
Co-immunoprecipitation, domain mapping (CH domain), fractionation/membrane localization assays, cystine uptake assays, in vivo xenograft |
Redox biology |
High |
38241838
|
| 2024 |
USP52/PAN2 deubiquitylase interacts with SLC7A11 and cleaves K48-conjugated ubiquitin chains at K4 and K12 of SLC7A11, enhancing its protein stability; USP52 depletion promotes SLC7A11 degradation, reduces GSH synthesis, and increases ferroptosis in bladder cancer. |
siRNA deubiquitylase screen, Co-immunoprecipitation, ubiquitin chain linkage analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, in vivo models |
Advanced science |
High |
39392373
|
| 2021 |
UFMylation of SLC7A11 (a post-translational modification by UFM1) is required for SLC7A11 protein stability; metformin inhibits UFMylation of SLC7A11, reducing its protein stability and promoting ferroptosis in breast cancer cells. |
Immunoprecipitation, UFMylation assay, protein stability assays, ferroptosis markers (Fe2+, lipid ROS, GSH), in vivo tumor model |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research |
Medium |
34162423
|
| 2021 |
RBMS1 RNA-binding protein interacts directly with translation initiation factor eIF3d and bridges the 3'- and 5'-UTR of SLC7A11 mRNA to enhance its translation; RBMS1 ablation inhibits SLC7A11 translation, reduces cystine uptake, and promotes ferroptosis in lung cancer. |
shRNA screen, RNA pulldown, Co-IP (RBMS1–eIF3d interaction), cystine uptake assays, in vivo models |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
34609966
|
| 2022 |
IGF2BP1 acts as an m6A reader for SLC7A11 mRNA; METTL3-mediated m6A modification of SLC7A11 mRNA recruits IGF2BP1, which blocks BTG2/CCR4-NOT complex recruitment by competing for PABPC1 binding, thereby inhibiting SLC7A11 mRNA deadenylation and enhancing its stability and expression. |
MeRIP-qPCR, dual luciferase reporter, RNA pulldown, RIP, RACE-PAT assay |
Clinical and translational medicine |
High |
35522946
|
| 2023 |
ATF4 transcription factor directly induces SLC7A11 (xCT) expression to maintain glutathione production and prevent ferroptosis in hepatocytes; reconstitution of SLC7A11 in ATF4-deficient hepatocytes and mouse livers reversed ferroptosis susceptibility and hepatocarcinogenesis. |
Conditional hepatocyte-specific ATF4 knockout mice, SLC7A11 reconstitution (ectopic expression), RNA-sequencing, biochemical ferroptosis markers |
Journal of hepatology |
High |
36996941
|
| 2021 |
HBx protein promotes EZH2-mediated H3K27 trimethylation at the SLC7A11 promoter, suppressing SLC7A11 expression and facilitating hepatocyte ferroptosis in acute liver failure; EZH2 inhibition or SLC7A11 overexpression rescues this phenotype. |
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Co-IP, in vitro hepatocyte injury model, HBx transgenic mice, gene overexpression |
Journal of biomedical science |
High |
34615538
|
| 2021 |
KDM4A histone demethylase controls H3K9me3 demethylation at the SLC7A11 promoter region, positively regulating SLC7A11 transcription; KDM4A knockdown reduces SLC7A11 expression and promotes ferroptosis in osteosarcoma. |
ChIP assay, shRNA knockdown, in vivo tumor models, ferroptosis markers |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
33689883
|
| 2021 |
SOX2 transcription factor directly binds to and activates the SLC7A11 promoter in lung cancer stem-like cells, upregulating SLC7A11 and conferring ferroptosis resistance; oxidation of SOX2 at Cys265 inhibits its activity and decreases SLC7A11 expression. |
Promoter mutation analysis, luciferase reporter assay, SOX2 Cys265 mutagenesis, in vivo tumor models |
Cancer research |
High |
34385181
|
| 2022 |
CD44 variant isoform CD44v8-10 binds to and stabilizes xCT (SLC7A11) on the cell surface of EndMT-derived cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension, enhancing antioxidant defense via glutathione production; pharmacological inhibition of xCT with sulfasalazine reduces these cells and attenuates pulmonary hypertension. |
In vitro EndMT model, cell surface xCT expression analysis, pharmacological inhibition, Sugen5416/hypoxia mouse model, flow cytometry |
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology |
Medium |
30897333
|
| 2022 |
Secreted AGR2 from tumor-associated neutrophils binds to CD98hc (SLC3A2, the heavy chain partner of SLC7A11) as a functional receptor, increasing xCT (SLC7A11) activity in a CD98hc-dependent manner, subsequently activating the RhoA/ROCK2 cascade to promote colorectal cancer metastasis. |
Co-IP, neutrophil-specific Agr2 knockout mice, in vitro and in vivo functional assays, signaling pathway analysis |
Gut |
High |
35086885
|
| 2022 |
SLC7A11 acts as a molecular brake on efferocytosis in dendritic cells; its pharmacological inhibition, deletion, or knockdown enhances efferocytosis by shifting dendritic cells toward aerobic glycolysis using glucose from glycogen stores; SLC7A11 deficiency-enhanced efferocytosis leads to TGFβ family member GDF15 release and accelerated wound healing. |
Pharmacological inhibition, conditional knockout, siRNA knockdown, transcriptomics, glucose/glycogen metabolism assays, mouse wound healing model, scRNA-seq of inflamed skin |
Nature |
High |
35614212
|
| 2020 |
Overexpression of Slc7a11 in cardiomyocytes increases GSH levels and prevents cardiac ferroptosis; Fth-deficient cardiomyocytes have reduced Slc7a11 expression, indicating Fth regulates Slc7a11 to maintain antioxidant capacity. |
Conditional Fth knockout mice, cardiomyocyte-specific Slc7a11 overexpression, GSH measurements, ferrostatin-1 rescue, lipid peroxidation assays |
Circulation research |
High |
32349646
|
| 2022 |
STAT6 competitively binds to CBP acetyltransferase, inhibiting p53 acetylation, which transcriptionally restores SLC7A11 expression; this mechanism negatively regulates ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells during acute lung injury. |
ChIP, co-immunoprecipitation, STAT6 conditional knockout mice, overexpression, ferroptosis markers |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
35668064
|
| 2024 |
PHGDH binds to PCBP2 (RNA-binding protein) and inhibits its ubiquitination-mediated degradation; stabilized PCBP2 in turn stabilizes SLC7A11 mRNA, increasing its expression and inhibiting ferroptosis in bladder cancer. |
Co-IP, mass spectrometry, RIP assay, ubiquitination assay, gene knockdown |
International journal of biological sciences |
Medium |
36147463
|
| 2022 |
LncRNA HEPFAL promotes SLC7A11 protein ubiquitination and degradation, reducing SLC7A11 stability and increasing ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma; this effect is linked to mTORC1 pathway. |
Western blot, ubiquitination assay, siRNA knockdown, ferroptosis marker measurement |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
36008384
|
| 2021 |
OTUB1 deubiquitinase directly interacts with SLC7A11 and stabilizes it by reducing its ubiquitin-mediated degradation; OTUB1 knockdown triggers ferroptosis in a SLC7A11-dependent manner and reduces glioma cell stemness. |
Co-IP, ubiquitination assays, ectopic SLC7A11 expression rescue, sphere-formation assays |
Bioengineered |
Medium |
34927544
|
| 2024 |
TANSHINONE IIA decreases KDM1A expression, suppressing KDM1A-driven transcription of PIAS4; reduced PIAS4 decreases direct SUMOylation of SLC7A11 (PIAS4 binds directly to SLC7A11), destabilizing SLC7A11 and promoting ferroptosis in breast cancer. |
Ni-bead pulldown SUMOylation assay, Co-IP, ChIP, luciferase assay, in vivo xenograft |
Journal of advanced research |
Medium |
38615741
|
| 2024 |
p62 protein directly binds SLC7A11; sulforaphane targets p62 and enhances the p62–SLC7A11 protein-protein interaction, promoting lysosomal (autolysosomal) degradation of SLC7A11 and triggering ferroptosis in osteosarcoma. |
Protein-protein interaction assay, lysosomal degradation pathway analysis, ferroptosis marker measurement, in vivo subcutaneous and intratibial OS models |
Redox biology |
Medium |
39657365
|
| 2025 |
Galectin-13, secreted by cells undergoing ferroptosis, binds to CD44 on neighboring cells and inhibits plasma membrane localization of SLC7A11, thereby accelerating neighboring cell death and propagating ferroptosis. FOXK1, phosphorylated by PKCβII, facilitates Galectin-13 expression and secretion during ferroptotic cell death. |
Secreted protein identification, binding assays (Galectin-13 to CD44), membrane fractionation of SLC7A11, FOXK1 phosphorylation assay, ferroptosis propagation assays, synthetic Galectin-13 mimetic peptide |
Nature chemical biology |
High |
40246981
|
| 2024 |
DUBA deubiquitinase stabilizes SLC7A11 protein in differentiated cells; SLC7A11-derived cysteine increases c-Myc expression, linking the DUBA–SLC7A11–c-Myc axis to cancer stemness and ferroptosis resistance. |
Deubiquitination assay, Co-IP, cysteine supplementation, c-Myc expression assay, cancer stem cell differentiation models |
Oncogene |
Medium |
37537342
|
| 2024 |
HTRA1 serine protease interacts with SLC7A11 through its Kazal structural domain and upregulates SLC7A11 expression, inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. |
Co-IP, domain mapping (Kazal domain), ferroptosis marker assays, electron microscopy, gain/loss-of-function analysis |
Cell death discovery |
Medium |
38740771
|
| 2024 |
FMRP (Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein) interacts with splicing factor hnRNPM to promote exon-skipping alternative splicing of SLC7A11, generating an SLC7A11-S splicing variant that promotes ferroptosis resistance; FMRP also catalyzes m6A modification of SLC7A11 mRNA through METTL3 to enhance translation. |
RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, splicing assays, m6A methylation analysis, Co-IP (FMRP–hnRNPM), ferroptosis assays, in vivo models |
Redox biology |
Medium |
39388855
|
| 2015 |
xCT (SLC7A11) protein migrates at 35 kDa (not the predicted 55.5 kDa) on Western blots, as confirmed using xCT-knockout mouse brain extracts as negative controls; xCT protein is expressed throughout mouse forebrain (cortex, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, thalamus, amygdala) with highest expression in regions facing CSF and meninges. |
Western blotting with xCT(-/-) knockout mouse negative controls, immunohistochemistry on brain tissue sections |
The Journal of comparative neurology |
High |
26494316
|
| 2024 |
NFATc1 transcription factor directly upregulates SLC7A11 expression during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis; this SLC7A11 upregulation causes cystine accumulation when TXNRD1 is inhibited, leading to increased disulfide stress and disulfidptosis (not ferroptosis) in osteoclast precursors. |
Transcriptional analysis, NFATc1 ChIP/reporter assays, TXNRD1 inhibitor treatment, rescue with SLC7A11 inhibitors vs. ferroptosis inhibitors, OVX mouse model |
Redox biology |
Medium |
37148740
|
| 2024 |
BAP1 tumor suppressor inhibits SLC7A11 expression (transcriptionally, via H2A deubiquitination); high SLC7A11 expression (or exogenous cystine) reverses BAP1-mediated protection against disulfidptosis, while SLC7A11 knockout or erastin treatment abrogates this protection, establishing SLC7A11-mediated cystine uptake as the key mediator of disulfidptosis sensitivity. |
Cell death inhibitor panel, disulfide bond accumulation in cytoskeleton proteins, SLC7A11 overexpression/knockout, genetic rescue experiments |
Oncogenesis |
Medium |
39266549
|
| 2024 |
SIK1 phosphorylates HDAC5 at Ser498, promoting its interaction with 14-3-3 protein and protecting HDAC5 from TRIM28-mediated ubiquitylation; stabilized HDAC5 deacetylates STAT6, enhancing STAT6 transcriptional activity to upregulate SLC7A11, conferring ferroptosis resistance in pancreatic cancer. |
In vitro kinase assay, Co-IP, ubiquitination assay, ChIP, STAT6 acetylation analysis, PDAC organoids, PDX models |
Cancer letters |
High |
40250791
|
| 2024 |
ALKBH5 m6A demethylase erases m6A modification from SLC7A11 mRNA, reducing its stability and expression; METTL3-mediated m6A modification of SLC7A11 mRNA at adenine +1795 is recognized by IGF2BP2, which promotes SLC7A11 mRNA stability; additionally, METTL3 decreases SLC7A11 protein ubiquitination through an m6A/YTHDF2/SOCS2 axis. |
MeRIP-qPCR, m6A site mapping, RIP (IGF2BP2), actinomycin D mRNA stability assay, ubiquitination assay, in vivo xenograft |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
39799112
|
| 2025 |
PRMT5 K240 lactylation (K240lac) directly inhibits transcription of ALKBH5 (m6A demethylase) via histone modifications (H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s), thereby boosting SLC7A11 mRNA m6A levels and stability to confer ferroptosis resistance in colorectal cancer; mutation at K240 disrupts these effects. |
Lactylation site mapping, ChIP (histone marks at ALKBH5 promoter), m6A analysis, mRNA stability assays, K240 mutagenesis, in vivo models |
Oncogene |
Medium |
40447754
|
| 2024 |
ERO1α, a functional downstream target of mTORC1, stimulates SLC7A11 transcription by activating the IL-6/STAT3 pathway; a luciferase reporter and ChIP assay confirmed STAT3-mediated transcriptional activation of the SLC7A11 promoter downstream of ERO1α. |
RNA-sequencing, cytokine array, ELISA, ChIP, luciferase reporter assay, in vivo xenograft/organoid/PDX models |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research |
Medium |
38610018
|
| 2024 |
AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) transcriptionally regulates SLC7A11 expression; pharmacological inactivation or genetic ablation of AhR suppresses SLC7A11, enhancing erastin-induced ferroptosis; endogenous AhR ligand I3P protects cells from ferroptosis through an AhR/SLC7A11-dependent mechanism. Post-translational modifications of SLC7A11 during ferroptosis were also observed. |
AhR knockout/knockdown, pharmacological inhibition, reporter assays, ferroptosis induction, lipid peroxidation measurements |
Toxicology and applied pharmacology |
Medium |
38641223
|
| 2024 |
CEBPG transcription factor directly binds to the SLC7A11 promoter and activates its transcription, suppressing ferroptosis in ovarian cancer; CUT&Tag and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed direct transcriptional regulation. |
CUT&Tag, dual luciferase reporter assay, CEBPG knockdown, orthotopic mouse model, ferroptosis markers |
Journal of translational medicine |
Medium |
37210575
|
| 2024 |
ATF4 transcription factor directly binds to the SLC7A11 promoter, increasing its transcription; dihydroartemisinin inhibits ATF4 expression, thereby reducing SLC7A11 transcription and promoting ferroptosis in HCC. ATF4 overexpression rescues DHA-induced ferroptosis. |
ATF4/SLC7A11 promoter binding assay, lentiviral overexpression rescue, lipid peroxidation assays, in vivo xenograft |
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine |
Medium |
38652216
|
| 2024 |
RBM3 RNA-binding protein directly binds SLC7A11 mRNA (demonstrated by RNA pulldown and mass spectrometry); sodium butyrate promotes RBM3 expression, which indirectly downregulates SLC7A11 mRNA levels and promotes ferroptosis in endometrial cancer. |
RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, transcriptome and metabolome analysis, in vivo xenograft |
Apoptosis |
Medium |
37170022
|