| 2025 |
SLC7A11 mediates a slow lysosomal H+ leak by downward flux of cystine and glutamate (two H+ equivalents with large but opposite concentration gradients across lysosomal membranes). SLC7A11 deficiency or inhibition caused lysosomal over-acidification, reduced degradation, accumulation of storage materials, ferroptosis, and facilitated α-synuclein aggregation in neurons; correction of abnormal lysosomal acidity restored lysosome homeostasis. |
Candidate screen on orphan lysosome membrane protein library, genetic KO/inhibition of SLC7A11, lysosomal pH measurements, organelle fractionation, live imaging, neuronal models |
Cell |
High |
40280132
|
| 2011 |
SLC7A11/xCT forms the light-chain subunit of system xc-, linked by a disulfide bridge to the heavy chain 4F2hc (SLC3A2), and mediates 1:1 exchange of extracellular cystine for intracellular glutamate; intracellularly, cystine is reduced to cysteine, the rate-limiting precursor of glutathione. Regulation extends to membrane trafficking and modulation by extracellular glutamate transport. |
Review of functional transport assays, disulfide-linkage biochemistry, pharmacological inhibition, and neuronal cell-line studies summarized |
Amino acids |
High |
21369940
|
| 2019 |
IFNγ derived from immunotherapy-activated CD8+ T cells and radiotherapy-activated ATM independently yet synergistically suppress SLC7A11 transcription, reducing cystine uptake and enhancing tumor-cell lipid oxidation and ferroptosis. |
In vivo tumor models, genetic/pharmacological ferroptosis modulation, IFNγ neutralization, ATM inhibition, gene expression analysis |
Cancer discovery |
High |
31554642
|
| 2019 |
Tumor suppressor BAP1, a H2A deubiquitinase, represses SLC7A11 expression by reducing H2A ubiquitination (H2Aub) on the SLC7A11 promoter; BAP1 inactivation leads to SLC7A11 de-repression and ferroptosis resistance. PRC1 (major H2Aub ligase) also represses SLC7A11, indicating dynamic H2Aub regulation is required for repression. BAP1-mediated ferroptosis induction is through SLC7A11 (class I FIN erastin) but not class II FIN RSL3. |
ChIP for H2Aub at SLC7A11 promoter, BAP1 KO/KD, PRC1 manipulation, ferroptosis assays with class I and II FINs |
Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) |
High |
30907299
|
| 2021 |
SOCS2 directly binds the N-terminal domain of SLC7A11 via its SH2 domain, and uses its SOCS-BOX (L162, C166) to recruit an elongin B/C complex; this SOCS2/elongin B/C complex transfers ubiquitin to SLC7A11, promoting K48-linked polyubiquitination degradation of SLC7A11 and triggering ferroptosis. |
Co-IP, domain mapping, ubiquitination assays, in vivo xenograft radiosensitivity models, ferroptosis markers (lipid peroxidation, Fe2+) |
Cell death and differentiation |
High |
35995846
|
| 2021 |
RNA-binding protein RBMS1 directly interacts with translation initiation factor eIF3d and bridges the 3'- and 5'-UTR of SLC7A11 mRNA to enhance its translation; RBMS1 ablation inhibits SLC7A11 translation, reducing cystine uptake and promoting ferroptosis. |
shRNA screen, RIP, translation assay, eIF3d pulldown, cystine uptake assay, in vivo lung cancer models |
The Journal of clinical investigation |
High |
34609966
|
| 2021 |
UFM1-mediated UFMylation of SLC7A11 promotes its protein stability; metformin inhibits this UFMylation, thereby reducing SLC7A11 protein levels, increasing intracellular Fe2+ and lipid ROS, and inducing ferroptosis in breast cancer cells. |
Co-IP/immunoprecipitation for UFMylation detection, SLC7A11 protein stability assays, ferroptosis markers (Fe2+, lipid ROS, GSH), in vivo nude-mouse tumor model |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR |
Medium |
34162423
|
| 2023 |
TRIM3 E3 ubiquitin ligase directly interacts with SLC7A11 through its NHL domain and promotes SLC7A11 K11-linked ubiquitination at K37, leading to proteasome-mediated degradation of SLC7A11 and ferroptosis induction in NSCLC. |
Co-IP, domain mapping (NHL domain), ubiquitination assay (K11-linkage, K37 site), proteasome inhibitor rescue, in vivo tumor xenograft |
Cell death and differentiation |
High |
37978273
|
| 2023 |
ZRANB1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase (not a deubiquitinase) for SLC7A11: it ubiquitinates and represses SLC7A11, inhibiting glutathione synthesis and promoting ferroptosis. Deletion of residues 463–584 abolishes ZRANB1's E3 activity. |
Whole-DUB sgRNA screen, ubiquitination assay, domain deletion mutagenesis, GSH/lipid peroxidation assays |
The Journal of cell biology |
High |
37831441
|
| 2024 |
USP52/PAN2 deubiquitylase interacts with SLC7A11/xCT and cleaves K48-linked ubiquitin chains at K4 and K12 of SLC7A11, thereby enhancing its protein stability and ferroptosis resistance in bladder cancer. |
siRNA screen of 96 DUBs, Co-IP, ubiquitin chain linkage analysis, site-specific mutagenesis (K4, K12), GSH/lipid peroxidation assays, in vivo xenograft |
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) |
High |
39392373
|
| 2024 |
AMPKα1 directly phosphorylates ZDHHC8 at S299, strengthening ZDHHC8-SLC7A11 interaction; ZDHHC8 then catalyzes S-palmitoylation of SLC7A11 at Cys327, reducing its ubiquitination and stabilizing SLC7A11 protein to confer ferroptosis resistance in glioblastoma. |
Co-IP, phospho-site mutagenesis (S299), palmitoylation assay (acyl-RAC), Cys327 mutagenesis, ubiquitination assay, ZDHHC8 KD rescue with SLC7A11 OE |
Cancer letters |
High |
38211651
|
| 2023 |
OGT O-GlcNAcylates SLC7A11 at Ser26, a modification essential for SLC7A11 cystine import activity; USP8 stabilizes OGT by inhibiting K48-linked polyubiquitination at OGT K117, and SLK-mediated S716 phosphorylation of USP8 is required for USP8-OGT interaction. |
Co-IP, mass spectrometry, site-specific mutagenesis (Ser26, K117, S716), OGT KO rescue assay, cystine uptake assay, GSH measurement |
Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) |
High |
37867237
|
| 2022 |
Kynurenine (KYN), exported from IDO1-expressing cells, is imported by SLC7A11 into non-IDO1-expressing neighboring cells; intracellular KYN-derived metabolites suppress ferroptosis by ROS scavenging and activation of an NRF2-dependent, AHR-independent cell-protective pathway that includes SLC7A11 upregulation, propagating anti-ferroptotic signaling. |
Genetic KO of SLC7A11 and IDO1, metabolite supplementation, NRF2/AHR pathway analysis, ferroptosis assays |
Molecular cell |
High |
35245456
|
| 2022 |
SLC7A11 acts as a molecular brake on efferocytosis in dendritic cells; pharmacological inhibition, deletion, or siRNA knockdown of Slc7a11 enhanced efferocytosis. Mechanistically, SLC7A11-deficient DCs became dependent on aerobic glycolysis using glucose from glycogen stores. In a diabetic wound-healing model, loss of SLC7A11 accelerated wound healing and reduced apoptotic cell load, linked to GDF15 release from efferocytic DCs. |
Pharmacological inhibition of SLC7A11, genetic KO, siRNA KD, transcriptomics of efferocytic DCs, db/db mouse wound model, metabolic flux studies |
Nature |
High |
35614212
|
| 2020 |
Slc7a11 deficiency in Fth-knockout cardiomyocytes reduces glutathione levels; overexpressing Slc7a11 selectively in cardiomyocytes increased GSH levels and prevented cardiac ferroptosis induced by iron overload. |
Conditional cardiomyocyte-specific KO (MCK-Cre, Myh6-Cre), Slc7a11 overexpression, GSH measurement, lipid peroxidation assay, ferrostatin-1 rescue |
Circulation research |
High |
32349646
|
| 2023 |
ATF4 directly activates SLC7A11 transcription; SLC7A11 maintains glutathione production to inhibit ferroptosis in hepatocytes. ATF4 ablation decreased SLC7A11 expression and increased ferroptosis susceptibility; ectopic SLC7A11 expression in ATF4-deficient hepatocytes and mouse livers reversed ferroptosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. |
Hepatocyte-specific ATF4 KO, ectopic SLC7A11 reconstitution in KO cells/mice, GSH measurement, lipid peroxidation assays, RNA-sequencing, HCC mouse models |
Journal of hepatology |
High |
36996941
|
| 2021 |
HBx protein promotes EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 modification at the SLC7A11 promoter, suppressing SLC7A11 transcription and facilitating ferroptosis in hepatocytes; EZH2 inhibition or SLC7A11 overexpression rescued HBx-induced ferroptosis. |
ChIP for H3K27me3 at SLC7A11 promoter, Co-IP for HBx-EZH2 interaction, EZH2 inhibition, SLC7A11 OE rescue, ferroptosis markers (GSH, MDA, iron) |
Journal of biomedical science |
Medium |
34615538
|
| 2021 |
KDM4A histone demethylase removes H3K9me3 from the SLC7A11 promoter, increasing SLC7A11 transcription and inhibiting ferroptosis in osteosarcoma; KDM4A knockdown reduced SLC7A11 expression and promoted ferroptosis. |
ChIP for H3K9me3 at SLC7A11 promoter, KDM4A KD, ferroptosis markers, in vivo metastasis model |
Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
Medium |
33689883
|
| 2021 |
SOX2 directly binds the SLC7A11 promoter to activate its transcription; mutation of the SOX2 binding site in the SLC7A11 promoter reduced SLC7A11 expression and increased ferroptosis sensitivity. Oxidation at Cys265 of SOX2 inhibited its transcriptional activity toward SLC7A11. |
SLC7A11 promoter-reporter assay, SOX2 binding-site mutagenesis, Cys265 mutagenesis, ferroptosis assays, lung cancer stem-like cell models |
Cancer research |
High |
34385181
|
| 2023 |
NFATc1 transcriptionally upregulates SLC7A11 during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis; elevated SLC7A11 increases cystine transport leading to cystine accumulation upon TXNRD1 inhibition, causing disulfidptosis (not ferroptosis) specifically in osteoclast precursors. |
ChIP/transcriptional reporter for NFATc1-SLC7A11, SLC7A11 inhibitors, ferroptosis vs. disulfidptosis inhibitor panel, in vivo OVX mouse model, bone cystine measurement |
Redox biology |
Medium |
37148740
|
| 2022 |
METTL3-mediated m6A modification of SLC7A11 mRNA is read by IGF2BP1, which competitively binds PABPC1 to block BTG2/CCR4-NOT complex recruitment, thereby inhibiting SLC7A11 mRNA deadenylation and enhancing mRNA stability and expression in hepatoblastoma. |
MeRIP-qPCR, RNA pulldown, RIP, RACE-PAT (deadenylation assay), dual luciferase reporter, m6A quantification |
Clinical and translational medicine |
High |
35522946
|
| 2022 |
PHGDH binds to RNA-binding protein PCBP2 and inhibits its ubiquitination degradation; stabilized PCBP2 in turn stabilizes SLC7A11 mRNA, increasing SLC7A11 expression and inhibiting ferroptosis in bladder cancer. |
Co-IP, mass spectrometry, RIP assay, ubiquitination assay, SLC7A11 mRNA stability assay |
International journal of biological sciences |
Medium |
36147463
|
| 2020 |
RNA-binding protein DAZAP1 interacts with the 3'UTR of SLC7A11 mRNA and positively regulates its stability, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis in HCC. |
RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), 3'UTR binding assay, mRNA stability assay, ferroptosis assays |
Experimental cell research |
Medium |
33358859
|
| 2022 |
CEBPG directly binds the SLC7A11 promoter and transcriptionally activates SLC7A11 expression to suppress ferroptosis in ovarian cancer. |
CUT&Tag chromatin profiling, dual luciferase reporter assay, CEBPG KD, RNA-sequencing, ferroptosis assays, orthotopic mouse model |
Journal of translational medicine |
Medium |
37210575
|
| 2021 |
EZH2 promotes SLC7A11 expression by repressing miR-125b-5p (which targets SLC7A11 3'UTR), thereby inhibiting ferroptosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma; dual-luciferase assays confirmed EZH2 binding to miR-125b-5p promoter and miR-125b-5p binding to SLC7A11 3'UTR. |
Dual-luciferase reporter assays, RT-qPCR, Western blot, CCK-8, MDA assay |
Oral diseases |
Medium |
34614259
|
| 2022 |
ALKBH5 erases m6A modification on SLC7A11 mRNA, reducing its stability and expression, thereby promoting ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells. |
m6A quantitative analysis, MeRIP-qPCR, mRNA stability assay (actinomycin D), ALKBH5 OE and SLC7A11 OE rescue, in vivo xenograft |
Clinical & translational oncology |
Medium |
36820954
|
| 2024 |
FTO m6A demethylase increases SLC7A11 expression in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner; high FTO stabilizes SLC7A11 mRNA, counteracting ferroptosis in colorectal cancer. |
m6A modification analysis, YTHDF2 interaction studies, SLC7A11 mRNA stability assay, FTO KD/OE, in vivo CRC models |
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR |
Medium |
38600610
|
| 2023 |
STAT6 competes with the acetyltransferase CBP to inhibit p53 acetylation, thereby transcriptionally restoring SLC7A11 expression and suppressing ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells during acute lung injury. |
ChIP, Co-IP for STAT6-CBP interaction, p53 acetylation assay, STAT6 KD/OE, SLC7A11 promoter-reporter, lung-specific STAT6 OE in ALI mouse models |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
35668064
|
| 2024 |
SPTBN2 interacts with SLC7A11 through its CH domain and connects it with motor protein Arp1, facilitating SLC7A11 membrane localization—a prerequisite for its cystine-uptake/GSH-synthesis function as System Xc-; SPTBN2 inhibition reduces membrane SLC7A11 and sensitizes NSCLC to ferroptosis. |
Co-IP (SPTBN2-SLC7A11-Arp1), membrane fractionation, ferroptosis assays (lipid ROS, GSH), in vivo cisplatin sensitivity model |
Redox biology |
Medium |
38241838
|
| 2025 |
Galectin-13 secreted from ferroptotic cells binds CD44 on neighboring cells and inhibits SLC7A11 plasma membrane localization, thereby reducing cystine uptake and propagating ferroptosis to neighboring cells. FOXK1, phosphorylated by PKCβII, drives Galectin-13 expression and secretion during ferroptosis. |
Galectin-13 secretion measurement, Co-IP (Galectin-13 with CD44), SLC7A11 membrane localization by fractionation/imaging, FOXK1 phosphorylation assay, functional ferroptosis propagation assays, synthetic mimetic peptide experiments |
Nature chemical biology |
High |
40246981
|
| 2024 |
NINJ1 physically interacts with the xCT antiporter (SLC7A11); NINJ1 knockdown increases xCT protein levels and stability, enhancing cystine uptake, CoA, and GSH levels, thereby protecting against ferroptosis induced by xCT inhibitors specifically. |
Co-IP (NINJ1-xCT), NINJ1 KD/OE, xCT protein stability assay, cystine uptake assay, compound screen (PANKi, BSO, DEM), ferroptosis assays |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
39424803
|
| 2024 |
Tumor suppressor BAP1 (H2A deubiquitinase) suppresses disulfidptosis through repression of SLC7A11: BAP1 suppresses SLC7A11 expression; SLC7A11 overexpression or additional cystine counteracts BAP1's protection against disulfidptosis; conversely, BAP1-mediated suppression of disulfidptosis is abrogated when SLC7A11-mediated cystine uptake is genetically or pharmacologically blocked. |
SLC7A11 KO/OE, disulfide bond accumulation assay (cytoskeleton proteins), cell death inhibitor panel, cystine supplementation, BAP1 OE |
Oncogenesis |
Medium |
39266549
|
| 2023 |
CIC (Capicua) transcriptionally represses SLC7A11/xCT expression; non-phosphorylatable CIC (S173) that cannot interact with 14-3-3 showed stronger repressor function; CIC restoration in an oligodendroglioma line reduced SLC7A11 levels and extracellular glutamate release. |
CIC KO/re-expression, RNA-sequencing, extracellular glutamate measurement, CIC-S173 phospho-mutant analysis, 14-3-3 interaction studies |
Acta neuropathologica communications |
Medium |
36647117
|
| 2019 |
CD44 variant (CD44v8-10) stabilizes xCT/SLC7A11 protein on the cell surface, promoting reduced glutathione production and antioxidant defense; during endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), CD44v+ cells co-express high xCT and show enhanced survival dependent on this axis. |
Cell-surface xCT quantification, GSH measurement, pharmacological inhibition (sulfasalazine), in vivo Sugen5416/hypoxia PAH model |
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology |
Medium |
30897333
|
| 2022 |
Secreted AGR2 from tumor-associated neutrophils binds CD98hc as its functional receptor and increases xCT/SLC7A11 transporter activity in a CD98hc-dependent manner, subsequently activating RhoA/ROCK2 cascade to promote CRC metastasis. |
Co-IP (AGR2-CD98hc), neutrophil-specific Agr2 KO mice, xCT activity assay, RhoA/ROCK2 pathway analysis, in vivo liver metastasis model |
Gut |
Medium |
35086885
|
| 2023 |
AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) transcriptionally regulates SLC7A11 expression; pharmacological inactivation or genetic ablation of AhR suppresses SLC7A11 and enhances erastin-induced ferroptosis; the endogenous AhR ligand indole-3-pyruvate protects against ferroptosis through an AhR-SLC7A11 dependent mechanism. Post-translational modifications of SLC7A11 were also detected during ferroptosis. |
AhR KO/pharmacological inhibition, SLC7A11 transcription analysis, AhR ChIP (implied by transcriptional regulation), ferroptosis assays (lipid peroxidation), I3P supplementation |
Toxicology and applied pharmacology |
Medium |
38641223
|
| 2024 |
PIAS4 directly binds SLC7A11 and facilitates its SUMOylation; KDM1A acts as a transcriptional activator of PIAS4; tanshinone IIA reduces KDM1A expression, thereby suppressing PIAS4 transcription, reducing SLC7A11 SUMOylation, and destabilizing SLC7A11 to promote ferroptosis in breast cancer. |
Ni-beads pull-down assay, Co-IP, luciferase assay, ChIP, SUMOylation assay, in vivo xenograft/lung metastasis models |
Journal of advanced research |
Medium |
38615741
|
| 2023 |
Sulforaphane (SFN) directly targets p62 protein, enhancing p62-SLC7A11 protein-protein interaction, which promotes autolysosomal (lysosomal) degradation of SLC7A11 and triggers ferroptosis in osteosarcoma. |
p62-SLC7A11 Co-IP, lysosomal degradation inhibitor experiments, ferroptosis markers, in vivo subcutaneous and intratibial OS xenograft models |
Redox biology |
Medium |
39657365
|
| 2023 |
RBM3 binds SLC7A11 mRNA; sodium butyrate promotes RBM3 expression, which indirectly downregulates SLC7A11 and promotes ferroptosis in endometrial cancer cells. |
RNA pulldown and mass spectrometry (RBM3-SLC7A11 mRNA), transcriptome analysis, metabolome analysis, in vivo xenograft |
Apoptosis |
Medium |
37170022
|
| 2023 |
DUBA deubiquitinase stabilizes SLC7A11 protein in differentiated cells; elevated SLC7A11 in turn increases c-Myc expression through cysteine; undifferentiated (stem) cells express low DUBA/SLC7A11 and are more sensitive to ferroptosis. |
DUBA KD/OE, SLC7A11 ubiquitination assay, c-Myc expression analysis, cysteine supplementation rescue, sorafenib + c-Myc inhibitor combination assay |
Oncogene |
Medium |
37537342
|
| 2024 |
FMRP promotes SLC7A11 expression via two mechanisms: (1) it catalyzes m6A modification of SLC7A11 mRNA in a METTL3-dependent manner, influencing translation; (2) FMRP interacts with splicing factor hnRNPM to modulate an exon-skip splicing event of SLC7A11 transcript, generating the SLC7A11-S variant that promotes ferroptosis resistance in breast cancer. |
RIP, METTL3-dependency analysis, Co-IP (FMRP-hnRNPM), splicing analysis, ferroptosis assays, clinical sample correlation |
Redox biology |
Medium |
39388855
|
| 2025 |
METTL3 methylates adenine +1795 on SLC7A11 mRNA; the m6A reader IGF2BP2 recognizes this site and promotes SLC7A11 mRNA stability. Separately, METTL3 decreases SLC7A11 protein ubiquitination through the m6A/YTHDF2/SOCS2 axis. Both mechanisms require METTL3 methyltransferase activity. |
m6A site mapping (adenine +1795), RIP for IGF2BP2-SLC7A11 mRNA, mRNA stability assay, ubiquitination assay, SOCS2-YTHDF2 pathway analysis, in vivo HCC radiosensitivity models |
Cell death & disease |
Medium |
39799112
|