Affinage

SGTA

Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha · UniProt O43765

Length
313 aa
Mass
34.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
100 papers in source corpus 20 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

SGT1 (SUGT1) is a multifunctional co-chaperone that partners with HSP90 via its CS domain and with HSP70/proteasomal Rpn13 via its TPR domain to regulate protein quality control, kinetochore assembly, and innate immune signaling. In the quality-control pathway, SGT1 antagonizes BAG6-mediated ubiquitination of mislocalized membrane proteins and promotes their deubiquitination, while also protecting nascent transmembrane-domain-containing proteins from co-translational ubiquitination at the ribosome (PMID:23129660, PMID:32216016, PMID:26169395). SGT1 functions as an essential co-chaperone for NLR inflammasome receptors (NALP3, IPAF, Nod1/Nod2), where the ternary HSP90–CS–CHORD complex recruits and stabilizes NLR clients, and MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of SGT1 further potentiates NLR-dependent immune activation (PMID:17435760, PMID:20670895, PMID:32976518). At kinetochores, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation of SGT1 at Ser331 enhances HSP90–SGT1 association with the MIS12 complex, promoting NDC80 recruitment and accurate chromosome alignment, while SGT1 also regulates steroid hormone receptor activity at an early HSP70-dependent step of the chaperone cycle (PMID:22869522, PMID:24753260).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1999 High

    The foundational discovery that Sgt1 physically associates with Skp1 and is required for kinetochore complex CBF3 assembly and SCF ubiquitin ligase function established SGT1 as a dual-function scaffold bridging cell-cycle and kinetochore pathways, with human SGT1 rescuing yeast null mutants to confirm conservation.

    Evidence Dosage suppressor screen, in vivo/in vitro binding, genetic complementation in yeast

    PMID:10445024

    Open questions at the time
    • No direct structural basis for Skp1–Sgt1 interaction defined
    • Mechanism of Ctf13 activation unclear
    • Mammalian kinetochore function not yet tested
  2. 2003 High

    NMR spectroscopy resolved that the CS domain — not the TPR domain — mediates the direct HSP90 interaction, establishing the domain architecture that underlies all subsequent co-chaperone models for SGT1.

    Evidence NMR spectroscopy and in vitro binding with domain truncations

    PMID:14761955

    Open questions at the time
    • Full-length Sgt1–HSP90 complex structure not yet determined
    • Functional consequence of CS–HSP90 interaction for clients unknown at this point
  3. 2007 High

    SGT1–HSP90 was shown to be essential for mammalian NLR inflammasome function, with SGT1 knockdown abrogating NALP3 and IPAF activity and HSP90 inhibition blocking Nod2-mediated NF-κB signaling in vivo, establishing the innate immune co-chaperone role.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation across multiple NLRs, siRNA, HSP90 chemical inhibition, mouse inflammation model

    PMID:17435760

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which SGT1 stabilizes NLR clients not structurally resolved
    • Whether SGT1 functions catalytically or as a scaffold for NLRs not distinguished
  4. 2008 Medium

    Demonstration that SGT1 possesses intrinsic co-chaperone activity — suppressing citrate synthase aggregation comparably to p23 — and that its expression is transcriptionally upregulated by HSF-1 upon heat shock, placing SGT1 within the heat-shock response network.

    Evidence In vitro aggregation assay, EMSA, luciferase reporter, Western blot in human cells

    PMID:18358234

    Open questions at the time
    • Anti-aggregation activity not linked to a specific client in vivo
    • Relative contribution versus other co-chaperones not assessed
  5. 2009 High

    Drosophila genetics revealed that Sgt1 is required for centrosome maturation by stabilizing Polo kinase protein levels, while CK2 phosphorylation of Sgt1 at Ser361 was shown to regulate its dimerization — two regulatory inputs governing its mitotic functions.

    Evidence Drosophila mutant phenotype with Polo rescue; in vitro kinase assay with mutational analysis of dimerization

    PMID:19131964 PMID:19398558

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether CK2-regulated dimerization is relevant in mammalian cells not tested
    • Direct physical interaction between Sgt1 and Polo not shown
  6. 2010 High

    Two key advances established the structural and functional basis for SGT1's kinetochore and immune roles: the crystal structure of the HSP90–CS–CHORD ternary complex defined the architecture for NLR recruitment, while functional studies showed HSP90–SGT1 directly chaperones the MIS12 complex at kinetochores for microtubule-binding site formation.

    Evidence X-ray crystallography with mutagenesis; RNAi/chemical inhibition with live-cell imaging and kinetochore protein quantification

    PMID:20404110 PMID:20670895

    Open questions at the time
    • How SGT1 discriminates between kinetochore and NLR clients not resolved
    • Structural basis for Mis12 complex recognition unknown
  7. 2012 High

    The quality-control axis of SGT1 was defined: SGT1 antagonizes BAG6-mediated ubiquitination of mislocalized proteins and actively promotes deubiquitination independently of its TPR domain (and thus HSP70/HSP90), while Plk1 phosphorylation of SGT1 at Ser331 was shown to enhance MIS12 stabilization at kinetochores during prometaphase.

    Evidence Cell-based ubiquitination assays with domain mutants; in vitro kinase assay, phospho-specific antibody, co-IP, live imaging

    PMID:22869522 PMID:23129660

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the deubiquitinase recruited by SGTA unknown
    • Whether Plk1 phosphorylation also influences NLR chaperoning not tested
  8. 2013 High

    The molecular logic of the SGTA–BAG6 quality-control complex was refined: BAG6's UBL domain and UBL4A compete for SGTA binding, creating a switching mechanism, while the Salmonella effector SspH2 was shown to co-opt SGT1's NLR co-chaperone function to activate Nod1 ubiquitination.

    Evidence In vitro binding/mutagenesis for BAG6 complex; Co-IP, in vitro ubiquitination, NF-κB reporter for SspH2–SGT1

    PMID:23533635 PMID:23935490

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry of the SGTA–BAG6–UBL4A complex in vivo undetermined
    • Whether SspH2 exploitation of SGT1 is unique among bacterial effectors unknown
  9. 2014 High

    SGT1 was placed as a negative regulator of androgen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone receptors — but not estrogen or mineralocorticoid receptors — acting at an early HSP70-dependent step of the chaperone cycle and antagonizing FKBP52-mediated receptor potentiation.

    Evidence Yeast and mammalian reporter assays, siRNA, in vitro binding, co-immunoprecipitation

    PMID:24753260

    Open questions at the time
    • Structural basis for receptor selectivity unknown
    • Whether SGTA competes with FKBP52 for the same binding site not resolved
  10. 2015 Medium

    The proteasome connection was established: Rpn13's C-terminal region directly binds the SGTA TPR domain, and this interaction is required for SGTA to shield mislocalized membrane proteins from proteasomal degradation.

    Evidence Co-immunoprecipitation, point mutagenesis, competition and steady-state protein level assays

    PMID:26169395

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether SGTA delivers substrates to or retrieves them from the proteasome not distinguished
    • In vivo confirmation with endogenous Rpn13 mutant lacking the SGTA-binding region not performed
  11. 2020 Medium

    Three studies expanded SGT1's scope: SGTA is recruited to ribosomes before transmembrane domain emergence to suppress co-translational ubiquitination; MAPK phosphorylation of SGT1 potentiates NLR immunity and is targeted by bacterial effector RipAC; and necdin recruits the SGT1–HSP90 machinery to stabilize the circadian clock protein BMAL1.

    Evidence Ribosome association/ubiquitination assays; in vivo/in vitro phosphorylation with plant resistance assays; Y2H, Co-IP, siRNA, mouse behavioral analysis

    PMID:32216016 PMID:32667666 PMID:32976518

    Open questions at the time
    • How SGTA recognizes ribosome-nascent chain complexes before TMD exposure is mechanistically undefined
    • Whether MAPK phosphorylation of SGT1 operates in mammalian NLR signaling not tested
    • Whether necdin-mediated BMAL1 stabilization is the primary circadian role of SGT1 or one of several is unknown

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • Key unresolved questions include how SGTA discriminates among its diverse client classes (NLRs, steroid receptors, mislocalized proteins, kinetochore complexes, BMAL1), the identity of the deubiquitinase recruited by SGTA to reverse BAG6-mediated ubiquitination, and whether the ribosome-associated and post-translational quality-control functions represent a unified surveillance pathway.
  • No client-discrimination mechanism defined
  • Deubiquitinase identity unknown
  • Unified model integrating co-translational and post-translational QC roles not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone 6 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 3 GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding 2
Localization
GO:0005694 chromosome 3 GO:0005829 cytosol 3 GO:0005840 ribosome 1
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 5 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 4 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 4 R-HSA-9909396 Circadian clock 1
Partners
ADRM1BAG6HSP90AA1HSPA1ANDNSKP1UBL4A
Complex memberships
BAG6 quality-control complexHSP90-SGT1-RAR1/CHORD ternary complex

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1999 Yeast Sgt1p physically associates with Skp1p in vivo and in vitro, and is required for assembling the kinetochore complex CBF3 via activation of Ctf13p; Sgt1p also associates with SCF (Skp1p/Cdc53p/F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase, and human SGT1 rescues a yeast sgt1 null mutation, indicating evolutionary conservation of function. Dosage suppressor screen, in vivo and in vitro binding assays, genetic complementation, in vitro ubiquitination assay Molecular cell High 10445024
2003 Human Sgt1 binds HSP90 through the CS (CHORD-SGT1) domain, not the TPR domain; NMR spectroscopy showed that only the CS domain physically interacts with HSP90, and that Sgt1 can bind HSP90 in the absence of ATP (unlike p23). NMR spectroscopy, in vitro binding assays The Journal of biological chemistry High 14761955
2003 Human Sgt1 interacts with S100A6 (calcyclin) and other S100 proteins (S100B, S100P) in a calcium-regulated manner via its C-terminal 71 residues; S100A6 does not affect Skp1-Sgt1 binding, indicating separate interaction domains; S100A6 inhibits CK2-mediated phosphorylation of Sgt1; co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction in HEp-2 cells. Affinity chromatography, chemical cross-linking, co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 12746458
2007 Many mammalian NLR proteins (NALP3, IPAF, Nod2) interact with SGT1 and HSP90; knockdown of SGT1 by siRNA abrogated inflammasome activity (NALP3, IPAF); HSP90 inhibition blocked Nod2-mediated NF-κB activation and NALP3-mediated inflammation in mice, demonstrating SGT1-HSP90 as essential for mammalian NLR inflammasome function. Co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, mouse inflammation model, chemical inhibition of HSP90 Nature immunology High 17435760
2006 SARS-CoV 7a protein interacts with human SGTA (hSGT); the interaction was identified by yeast two-hybrid and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization in cells; TPR2 domain (aa 125-158) of SGTA is essential for this interaction. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, cellular co-localization, deletion mutagenesis Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 16580632
2009 CK2 phosphorylates Ser361 of Sgt1, and this phosphorylation negatively regulates Sgt1 dimerization, which is important for kinetochore assembly. In vitro kinase assay, mutational analysis, dimerization assays The Journal of biological chemistry Medium 19398558
2009 Drosophila Sgt1 is required for centrosome maturation; sgt1 mutant neuroblasts show decreased Polo kinase protein levels, and overexpression of Polo substantially rescues the centrosome and spindle defects, placing Sgt1 upstream of Polo stabilization. Drosophila genetics, mutant phenotype analysis, protein level quantification, epistasis by rescue with Polo overexpression The EMBO journal High 19131964
2010 Human Hsp90-Sgt1 interacts with the Mis12 complex at kinetochores; inhibition of Hsp90 or Sgt1 destabilizes the Mis12 complex and delays chromosome alignment by impairing microtubule-binding site formation; Skp1 co-inhibition partially rescues Mis12 at kinetochores, defining Hsp90-Sgt1 as a chaperone for Mis12 complex assembly. Co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi/chemical inhibition, live-cell imaging, kinetochore protein quantification The Journal of cell biology High 20404110
2010 Crystal structure of the Hsp90-CS-CHORD ternary complex was determined; structural and biochemical analyses show that both CHORD (from Rar1) and CS (from Sgt1) domains can independently bind Hsp90 and coexist in complexes with Hsp90; mutational analyses define the architecture of this ternary complex that recruits NLR receptors. X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis, biochemical binding assays Molecular cell High 20670895
2012 Plk1 phosphorylates Sgt1 at Ser331 at kinetochores during prometaphase; this phosphorylation enhances association of Hsp90-Sgt1 with the MIS12 complex, stabilizes MIS12 at kinetochores, and promotes NDC80 complex recruitment for microtubule attachment; disruption of this phosphorylation causes chromosome misalignment. In vitro kinase assay, phospho-specific antibody, co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis, kinetochore protein quantification, live imaging Molecular and cellular biology High 22869522
2012 SGTA antagonizes BAG6-mediated ubiquitination of mislocalized proteins; SGTA actively promotes deubiquitination of already ubiquitinated mislocalized proteins, reversing BAG6 function and inhibiting substrate-specific degradation; this effect is independent of SGTA's TPR motifs and thus does not require Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperones. Cell-based ubiquitination assay, steady-state protein level analysis, SGTA overexpression/domain mutants Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America High 23129660
2013 BAG6 binds SGTA via its N-terminal UBL domain; UBL4A (a second BAG6 complex subunit) also binds SGTA through its UBL, competing with BAG6 for SGTA interaction, such that SGTA can bind either BAG6 or UBL4A but not both simultaneously; the central region of BAG6 (not the UBL or BAG domains) binds tail-anchored substrates. In vitro binding assays, deletion mutagenesis, heterologous subcellular localization assay in yeast PloS one Medium 23533635
2014 SGTA associates with and specifically regulates the androgen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone receptors (but not mineralocorticoid or estrogen receptors); SGTA knockdown enhances receptor activity while overexpression suppresses it; SGTA binds Hsp70 and Hsp90 directly in vitro but predominantly co-precipitates with Hsp70 from cell lysates, placing SGTA at an early Hsp70-mediated step in the chaperone cycle; SGTA overexpression completely abolishes FKBP52-mediated receptor regulation. Yeast reporter assay, mammalian reporter assay, siRNA knockdown, in vitro binding assay, co-immunoprecipitation The Journal of biological chemistry High 24753260
2015 The C-terminal region of Rpn13 (a 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor) binds directly to the TPR domain of SGTA; SGTA overexpression increases steady-state levels of mislocalized membrane proteins in a manner dependent on this Rpn13 interaction; overexpression of the SGTA-binding region of Rpn13 or TPR domain point mutations both inhibit SGTA-proteasome binding and reduce substrate protection, indicating SGTA regulates proteasomal access of mislocalized proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, point mutagenesis, steady-state protein level assay, competition experiments Journal of cell science Medium 26169395
2012 Drosophila Sgt1 acts via an LKB1/AMPK pathway to establish cortical polarity in larval neuroblasts; sgt1 mutants phenocopy hsp83 (Hsp90), LKB1, and AMPKα mutants in prophase apical polarity defects; activated AMPKα rescues the sgt1 mutant polarity phenotype, placing Sgt1/Hsp90 upstream of LKB1-AMPK in this pathway. Drosophila genetic screen, epistasis analysis, phenotypic rescue with activated AMPKα Developmental biology Medium 22248825
2013 Salmonella effector SspH2 interacts with SGT1 specifically via its NLR co-chaperone function (not its cell cycle function); SGT1 enhances SspH2 in vitro ubiquitination activity and protein stability; SspH2 ubiquitinates Nod1 and can activate Nod1 in an agonist-independent manner when catalytically active, requiring SGT1 interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination assay, domain-selective interaction mapping, cell-based NF-κB reporter assay PLoS pathogens High 23935490
2020 SGTA is recruited to ribosomes synthesizing diverse membrane proteins before the transmembrane domain emerges from the ribosome; for co-translational ER delivery clients, SGTA reduces co-translational ubiquitination of complex membrane proteins with multiple hydrophobic signal sequences, complementing the role of SRP. Ribosome association assay, ubiquitination assay, selective depletion of SGTA, live-cell experiments EMBO reports Medium 32216016
2020 MAPK phosphorylation of SGT1 at a canonical MAPK target motif in its C-terminal domain contributes to NLR-mediated immune activation; a bacterial effector RipAC inhibits the interaction between SGT1 and MAP kinases, preventing this phosphorylation and suppressing NLR (RPS2)-mediated immunity; this phosphorylation is enhanced upon immune signaling activation and contributes to resistance against R. solanacearum. Co-immunoprecipitation, in vitro/in vivo phosphorylation assays, mutagenesis, plant resistance assays PLoS pathogens Medium 32976518
2008 Sgt1 has co-chaperone properties: it attenuates citrate synthase aggregation at elevated temperature (anti-aggregation activity comparable to p23); HSF-1 transcription factor binds the heat shock element in the Sgt1 promoter; Sgt1 protein levels are upregulated upon heat shock or HSP90 inhibitor (radicicol) treatment in human cells. Citrate synthase aggregation assay, luciferase reporter assay, EMSA, Western blot Biochemical and biophysical research communications Medium 18358234
2020 Necdin interacts with SGT1 (identified by yeast two-hybrid), and necdin enables the SGT1-HSP90 chaperone machinery to stabilize BMAL1; depletion of necdin or SGT1/HSP90 leads to BMAL1 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, altering circadian clock gene expression and rhythms. Yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA knockdown, mouse behavioral assay, protein stability assay Nucleic acids research Medium 32667666

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2008 Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu. Nature 1507 18200009
2002 Crystal structure of a UBP-family deubiquitinating enzyme in isolation and in complex with ubiquitin aldehyde. Cell 556 12507430
1992 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein induces rapid degradation of CD4. Journal of virology 490 1433512
2002 The RAR1 interactor SGT1, an essential component of R gene-triggered disease resistance. Science (New York, N.Y.) 469 11847307
1988 A novel gene of HIV-1, vpu, and its 16-kilodalton product. Science (New York, N.Y.) 422 3261888
2003 HSP90 interacts with RAR1 and SGT1 and is essential for RPS2-mediated disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 358 14504384
2007 A crucial function of SGT1 and HSP90 in inflammasome activity links mammalian and plant innate immune responses. Nature immunology 356 17435760
2002 Ubiquitin ligase-associated protein SGT1 is required for host and nonhost disease resistance in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 319 12119413
2002 Regulatory role of SGT1 in early R gene-mediated plant defenses. Science (New York, N.Y.) 318 11847308
1999 SGT1 encodes an essential component of the yeast kinetochore assembly pathway and a novel subunit of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Molecular cell 315 10445024
1988 Identification of a protein encoded by the vpu gene of HIV-1. Nature 296 3043230
2009 The HSP90-SGT1 chaperone complex for NLR immune sensors. Annual review of plant biology 286 19014346
2006 The ubiquitin binding domain ZnF UBP recognizes the C-terminal diglycine motif of unanchored ubiquitin. Cell 275 16564012
1989 Molecular and biochemical analyses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpu protein. Journal of virology 244 2788224
2006 HIV-1 Vpu promotes release and prevents endocytosis of nascent retrovirus particles from the plasma membrane. PLoS pathogens 224 16699598
2009 HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu internalizes cell-surface BST-2/tetherin through transmembrane interactions leading to lysosomes. The Journal of biological chemistry 204 19837671
1988 Purification of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer and TAR binding proteins EBP-1 and UBP-1. The EMBO journal 195 3138113
2006 Role of SGT1 in resistance protein accumulation in plant immunity. The EMBO journal 188 16619029
2003 Recognition specificity and RAR1/SGT1 dependence in barley Mla disease resistance genes to the powdery mildew fungus. The Plant cell 167 12615945
2007 Interaction between SGT1 and cytosolic/nuclear HSC70 chaperones regulates Arabidopsis immune responses. The Plant cell 158 18065690
2010 HIV-1 Vpu and HIV-2 Env counteract BST-2/tetherin by sequestration in a perinuclear compartment. Retrovirology 143 20529266
2007 Structural and functional analysis of SGT1 reveals that its interaction with HSP90 is required for the accumulation of Rx, an R protein involved in plant immunity. The Plant cell 132 18032631
2016 HIV-1 Vpu Mediates HLA-C Downregulation. Cell host & microbe 118 27173934
2004 Expression of RPS4 in tobacco induces an AvrRps4-independent HR that requires EDS1, SGT1 and HSP90. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology 112 15447648
2013 Vpu binds directly to tetherin and displaces it from nascent virions. PLoS pathogens 108 23633949
2007 The MI-1-mediated pest resistance requires Hsp90 and Sgt1. Plant physiology 106 17351050
1992 Human-immunodeficiency-virus-type-1-encoded Vpu protein is phosphorylated by casein kinase II. European journal of biochemistry 104 1541298
2010 Modulation of HIV-1-host interaction: role of the Vpu accessory protein. Retrovirology 102 21176220
2004 Human Sgt1 binds HSP90 through the CHORD-Sgt1 domain and not the tetratricopeptide repeat domain. The Journal of biological chemistry 101 14761955
2011 HIV-1 Vpu protein antagonizes innate restriction factor BST-2 via lipid-embedded helix-helix interactions. The Journal of biological chemistry 98 22072710
2020 A bacterial effector protein prevents MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of SGT1 to suppress plant immunity. PLoS pathogens 93 32976518
2010 Structural basis for assembly of Hsp90-Sgt1-CHORD protein complexes: implications for chaperoning of NLR innate immunity receptors. Molecular cell 89 20670895
2007 Mechanisms of CD4 downregulation by the Nef and Vpu proteins of primate immunodeficiency viruses. Current molecular medicine 88 17346169
2003 The HIV-1 Vpu protein: a multifunctional enhancer of viral particle release. Microbes and infection 86 12941395
2013 The Salmonella type III effector SspH2 specifically exploits the NLR co-chaperone activity of SGT1 to subvert immunity. PLoS pathogens 81 23935490
2012 SGTA antagonizes BAG6-mediated protein triage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72 23129660
2014 HIV-1 Nef and Vpu are functionally redundant broad-spectrum modulators of cell surface receptors, including tetraspanins. Journal of virology 70 25275127
2012 The Hsp90 co-chaperone Sgt1 governs Candida albicans morphogenesis and drug resistance. PloS one 66 22970302
2010 Anti-tetherin activities in Vpu-expressing primate lentiviruses. Retrovirology 66 20167081
2019 HIV-1 Vpu is a potent transcriptional suppressor of NF-κB-elicited antiviral immune responses. eLife 65 30717826
2007 Plant signalling components EDS1 and SGT1 enhance disease caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. The New phytologist 63 17547673
2003 Calcium-regulated interaction of Sgt1 with S100A6 (calcyclin) and other S100 proteins. The Journal of biological chemistry 59 12746458
2003 Role of SGT1 in the regulation of plant R gene signalling. Microbes and infection 59 12941389
2017 HIV-1 Env- and Vpu-Specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Responses Associated with Elite Control of HIV. Journal of virology 58 28701393
1995 Function of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein in various cell types. The Journal of general virology 56 7595378
2012 Two ZnF-UBP domains in isopeptidase T (USP5). Biochemistry 52 22283393
2008 Structural and functional analysis of SGT1-HSP90 core complex required for innate immunity in plants. EMBO reports 51 18833289
2013 Nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of tobacco N receptor is modulated by SGT1. The New phytologist 50 23731343
2010 Hsp90-Sgt1 and Skp1 target human Mis12 complexes to ensure efficient formation of kinetochore-microtubule binding sites. The Journal of cell biology 49 20404110
2007 Solution structure of the Ubp-M BUZ domain, a highly specific protein module that recognizes the C-terminal tail of free ubiquitin. Journal of molecular biology 49 17512543
2008 Role of HIV-1 Vpu protein for virus spread and pathogenesis. Microbes and infection 48 18672082
2006 Solution structure of the ubiquitin-associated domain of human BMSC-UbP and its complex with ubiquitin. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 48 16731964
2009 Sgt1, a co-chaperone of Hsp90 stabilizes Polo and is required for centrosome organization. The EMBO journal 46 19131964
2003 Directed expression of the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu in Drosophila fat-body cells inhibits Toll-dependent immune responses. EMBO reports 46 12973300
1994 Cell type-dependence for Vpu function. Journal of medical primatology 45 7966229
2006 Vpu and Tsg101 regulate intracellular targeting of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core protein precursor Pr55gag. Journal of virology 43 16571793
2010 SGT1 positively regulates the process of plant cell death during both compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. Molecular plant pathology 42 20695999
2010 Membrane potential depolarization as a triggering mechanism for Vpu-mediated HIV-1 release. Biophysical journal 41 20858415
2013 HIV-1 Vpu - an ion channel in search of a job. Biochimica et biophysica acta 40 23831603
2015 Vpu Exploits the Cross-Talk between BST2 and the ILT7 Receptor to Suppress Anti-HIV-1 Responses by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. PLoS pathogens 39 26172439
2013 The association of BAG6 with SGTA and tail-anchored proteins. PloS one 39 23533635
2007 HIV-1 Vpu inhibits accumulation of the envelope glycoprotein within clathrin-coated, Gag-containing endosomes. Cellular microbiology 38 18076669
2021 The extracellular HDAC6 ZnF UBP domain modulates the actin network and post-translational modifications of Tau. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 37 33933071
2010 HIV-1 Vpu targets cell surface markers CD4 and BST-2 through distinct mechanisms. Molecular aspects of medicine 37 20858517
2003 Structure-function correlates of Vpu, a membrane protein of HIV-1. FEBS letters 35 12972151
2007 The solution structure of the ZnF UBP domain of USP33/VDU1. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 33 17766394
2021 Role of Viral Protein U (Vpu) in HIV-1 Infection and Pathogenesis. Viruses 32 34452331
2020 HIV-1 Vpu Downregulates Tim-3 from the Surface of Infected CD4+ T Cells. Journal of virology 32 31941771
2020 Necdin regulates BMAL1 stability and circadian clock through SGT1-HSP90 chaperone machinery. Nucleic acids research 32 32667666
2006 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein 7a interacts with hSGT. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 32 16580632
2020 Vpu modulates DNA repair to suppress innate sensing and hyper-integration of HIV-1. Nature microbiology 31 32690953
2010 The Vpu protein: new concepts in virus release and CD4 down-modulation. Current HIV research 31 20201792
2010 SGT1 regulates wounding- and herbivory-induced jasmonic acid accumulation and Nicotiana attenuata's resistance to the specialist lepidopteran herbivore Manduca sexta. The New phytologist 31 21118264
2004 Vpu: a multifunctional protein that enhances the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Current HIV research 31 15279589
2012 Plk1 phosphorylates Sgt1 at the kinetochores to promote timely kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Molecular and cellular biology 30 22869522
2021 Ralstonia solanacearum Type III Effector RipAC Targets SGT1 to Suppress Effector-Triggered Immunity. Plant & cell physiology 29 32991707
2020 HDAC6 ZnF UBP as the Modifier of Tau Structure and Function. Biochemistry 29 33237772
2014 HIV-1 Vpu accessory protein induces caspase-mediated cleavage of IRF3 transcription factor. The Journal of biological chemistry 29 25352594
2016 HIV-1 Vpu Antagonizes CD317/Tetherin by Adaptor Protein-1-Mediated Exclusion from Virus Assembly Sites. Journal of virology 28 27170757
2007 TPR-Mediated self-association of plant SGT1. Biochemistry 27 17877371
2022 HIV-1 Vpu restricts Fc-mediated effector functions in vivo. Cell reports 26 36351384
2014 Mechanisms underlying HIV-1 Vpu-mediated viral egress. Frontiers in microbiology 26 24822052
2010 HDAC6 and Ubp-M BUZ domains recognize specific C-terminal sequences of proteins. Biochemistry 26 21090589
2008 Sgt1 has co-chaperone properties and is up-regulated by heat shock. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 26 18358234
2008 Staying in the fold: The SGT1/chaperone machinery in maintenance and evolution of leucine-rich repeat proteins. Plant signaling & behavior 26 19513219
2014 The cochaperone SGTA (small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha) demonstrates regulatory specificity for the androgen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone receptors. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 24753260
2009 Sgt1 dimerization is negatively regulated by protein kinase CK2-mediated phosphorylation at Ser361. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 19398558
2018 The roles of cytosolic quality control proteins, SGTA and the BAG6 complex, in disease. Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology 23 30635083
2010 SGT1 contributes to coronatine signaling and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato disease symptom development in tomato and Arabidopsis. The New phytologist 23 20854394
2008 Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha (SGTA), a candidate gene for polycystic ovary syndrome. Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 23 18332089
2023 1,8-cineole ameliorates colon injury by downregulating macrophage M1 polarization via inhibiting the HSP90-NLRP3-SGT1 complex. Journal of pharmaceutical analysis 22 37842654
2022 Melatonin Promotes SGT1-Involved Signals to Ameliorate Drought Stress Adaption in Rice. International journal of molecular sciences 22 35054782
2020 The HIV-1 Accessory Protein Vpu Downregulates Peroxisome Biogenesis. mBio 22 32127461
2020 SGTA associates with nascent membrane protein precursors. EMBO reports 22 32216016
2015 Binding of SGTA to Rpn13 selectively modulates protein quality control. Journal of cell science 22 26169395
1998 The genomic organization of Isopeptidase T-3 (ISOT-3), a new member of the ubiquitin specific protease family (UBP). Gene 22 9841226
2005 Vpu-mediated CD4 down-regulation and degradation is conserved among highly divergent SIV(cpz) strains. Virology 21 15823605
2013 The Hv-SGT1 gene from Haynaldia villosa contributes to resistances towards both biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PloS one 20 24019872
2012 Sgt1 acts via an LKB1/AMPK pathway to establish cortical polarity in larval neuroblasts. Developmental biology 20 22248825
2012 HIV-1 Vpu interference with innate cell-mediated immune mechanisms. Current HIV research 20 22524181