Affinage

RBP1

Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein 1 · UniProt O95153

Length
1857 aa
Mass
200.1 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
89 papers in source corpus 21 papers cited in narrative 20 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

RBP1 (CRBP1) is a small cytosolic retinol-binding protein that channels vitamin A through the retinoic acid biosynthetic pathway via a series of regulated protein-protein interactions (PMID:8381481, PMID:1932598). In its retinol-bound (holo) form, CRBP1 is specifically recognized as substrate by NADP-dependent microsomal retinol dehydrogenases (RoDH/RoDH-4, short-chain dehydrogenase family) that oxidize it to retinal, with strict cofactor specificity for NADP over NADPH and direct enzyme cross-linking to the holoprotein (PMID:1562584, PMID:7766612, PMID:12534290); the apo form conversely stimulates microsomal retinyl ester hydrolysis to mobilize stored retinol and acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of holo-CRBP1 oxidation, so the apo/holo ratio sets the flux of retinol toward retinoic acid (PMID:8381481, PMID:1932598, PMID:12534290). Substrate selectivity is intrinsic to the complex: CRBP1 sequesters retinol from enzymes that act only on free retinoids (e.g. RDH12) while delivering it to those that accept the bound form (PMID:7766612, PMID:15865448). Crystallographic and mutational studies define an induced-fit mechanism in which a flexible portal region (α-helix II, β-hairpin turns βC–βD and βE–βF) closes around the ligand, with polar contacts from Gln108 and Lys40 conferring high-affinity, selective retinol binding while the rigid holo conformation protects the retinoid during transport (PMID:26900151, PMID:28057518, PMID:37713257). Physiologically, CRBP1 drives retinol trafficking from photoreceptors to the RPE and delivery to LRAT in the visual cycle (PMID:12036972, PMID:7835405), maintains tissue retinoic acid homeostasis in mammary gland and pancreas where its loss perturbs islet gene expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (PMID:21670153, PMID:23362116), and restrains adipogenesis by suppressing PPARγ expression and activity (PMID:20498279). Beyond retinoid metabolism, CRBP1 suppresses anchorage-independent survival of breast epithelial cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling independently of retinoic acid receptors (PMID:11704871).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 16 steps
  1. 1992 High

    Established the core enzymatic logic of the pathway by showing that retinol-bound CRBP1, not free retinol, is the recognized substrate for retinal synthesis, defining CRBP1 as an obligate carrier rather than a passive solubilizer.

    Evidence Microsomal enzyme assays comparing holo-CRBP vs free retinol with defined cofactors and a NADPH-regenerating system

    PMID:1562584

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of the responsible dehydrogenase not yet defined
    • Did not address how the apo form regulates flux
  2. 1992 High

    Showed CRBP1 expression is itself retinoic-acid-responsive, linking the protein into a feedback loop of vitamin A signaling via a RARE in its promoter.

    Evidence Promoter deletion, reporter assays, and gel-shift binding with RAR/RXR combinations on the rat Rbp1 promoter

    PMID:1339275

    Open questions at the time
    • Done in rat promoter; human regulatory element not characterized here
    • Physiological consequence of feedback regulation untested
  3. 1993 High

    Unified the apo and holo states into a directional channeling model: apo-CRBP1 mobilizes retinol from ester stores and holo-CRBP1 feeds it forward to dehydrogenases, casting CRBP1 as a flux-controlling chaperone.

    Evidence In vitro enzyme assays with purified apo/holo-CRBP, microsomal fractions, and substrate competition

    PMID:1932598 PMID:8381481

    Open questions at the time
    • Quantitative regulation by apo/holo ratio not yet measured
    • Specific dehydrogenase still unidentified
  4. 1994 Medium

    Provided the thermodynamic basis for directional retinol movement in the eye by showing irreversible transfer from IRBP to CRBP1 driven by a ~100-fold affinity difference.

    Evidence UV absorbance shift and size-exclusion HPLC transfer assays between IRBP and CRBP1

    PMID:7835405

    Open questions at the time
    • Single lab, in vitro only
    • Whether transfer occurs at membrane interfaces in vivo not addressed
  5. 1995 High

    Identified the dehydrogenase as a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase that physically cross-links to holo-CRBP1, providing direct biochemical proof of the protein-protein channeling interaction and substrate discrimination.

    Evidence Affinity purification, covalent cross-linking, active-site labeling, and kinetics of rat liver RoDH

    PMID:7766612

    Open questions at the time
    • Human ortholog not yet characterized
    • Membrane topology of the interaction surface unresolved
  6. 2001 Medium

    Uncovered a retinoid-independent role: CRBP1 suppresses anchorage-independent cell survival via PI3K/Akt inhibition, broadening its function beyond metabolic chaperoning.

    Evidence Ectopic CRBP1 expression in breast epithelial cell lines with soft-agar, TUNEL, phospho-Akt, and pharmacological PI3K inhibition

    PMID:11704871

    Open questions at the time
    • Molecular link between CRBP1 and Akt not defined
    • Gain-of-function only; endogenous loss not tested
  7. 2002 High

    Genetic knockout placed CRBP1 in the visual cycle, demonstrating it drives retinol movement from photoreceptors to RPE and delivery to LRAT for esterification.

    Evidence HPLC retinoid analysis and ERG in CRBP1-null vs wild-type mouse eyes

    PMID:12036972

    Open questions at the time
    • Rhodopsin regeneration largely intact, indicating redundancy
    • Molecular mechanism of retinol hand-off to LRAT not resolved
  8. 2003 High

    Defined the human enzyme partner and the regulatory switch: RoDH-4 oxidizes holo-CRBP1 from the cytosolic membrane face, and apo-CRBP1 is a strong competitive inhibitor, establishing the apo/holo ratio as the flux regulator.

    Evidence Reconstituted RoDH-4 proteoliposome kinetics, apo-CRBP1 inhibition, and membrane topology mapping

    PMID:12534290

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo demonstration of apo/holo flux control not provided
    • Whether other SDR enzymes share this mechanism untested
  9. 2005 High

    Clarified CRBP1's selectivity logic by showing it withholds retinol from enzymes (RDH12) that use only free retinoid, sharpening the concept of substrate channeling versus sequestration.

    Evidence In vitro RDH12 kinetics with and without CRBP1 or CRALBP

    PMID:15865448

    Open questions at the time
    • Physiological balance between channeling and sequestration in cells not quantified
  10. 2010 High

    Linked CRBP1 to metabolic control by showing it restrains adipogenesis through suppression of PPARγ, identifying a discrete transcriptional pathway under its influence.

    Evidence Knockout mice, 3T3-L1 knockdown/overexpression, MEFs with PPARγ activity and lipid readouts

    PMID:20498279

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether the PPARγ effect is retinoid-ligand mediated not fully dissected
    • Direct molecular connection to PPARγ regulation unresolved
  11. 2011 Medium

    Extended the chaperone role to 9-cis-retinoid biosynthesis and demonstrated in vivo control of pancreatic 9-cis-retinoic acid, glucose sensing, and insulin secretion.

    Evidence Fluorescence binding assays for 9-cis retinoids and Rbp1-knockout metabolic/retinoid phenotyping by LC-MS

    PMID:21382444 PMID:21670153

    Open questions at the time
    • Binding study single-lab/single-method
    • Identity of 9cRA-synthesizing enzymes downstream of CRBP1 not defined
  12. 2013 High

    Showed CRBP1 is non-redundant for tissue retinoic acid homeostasis, as its loss depletes mammary atRA and causes tissue pathology that paralogs cannot rescue.

    Evidence Rbp1-null mammary LC-MS retinoid quantification, subcellular Rdh activity assays, and histology

    PMID:23362116

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of altered Rdh enzyme activity in absence of CRBP1 unclear
    • Why CrbpIII cannot substitute not structurally explained
  13. 2012 Medium

    Identified an additional differentiation role in mesenchymal stem cells, where CRBP1 favors osteogenesis over adipogenesis by stabilizing β-catenin and Wnt signaling.

    Evidence CRBP1 overexpression in MSCs with differentiation assays and Western blots for β-catenin/RXRα/pERK

    PMID:22230368

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanistic link relies on correlative Westerns
    • Loss-of-function not tested in this system
  14. 2017 High

    Resolved the structural mechanism of ligand binding, defining an induced-fit portal closure and the polar residues (Gln108, Lys40) that confer high-affinity retinol recognition and protective enclosure.

    Evidence X-ray structures of apo/holo and mutant CRBP1, B-factor analysis, and fluorometric Kd determinations (consolidating the 2016 structural work)

    PMID:26900151 PMID:28057518

    Open questions at the time
    • Structures of CRBP1 in complex with its enzyme partners not determined
    • Dynamics of ligand release to dehydrogenases not visualized
  15. 2023 High

    Established CRBP1 as a druggable target by characterizing nonretinoid competitive inhibitors that modulate visual-cycle flux and protect against retinal damage, with structures and dynamics explaining closed-state ligand retention.

    Evidence Crystallography of CRBP1-inhibitor complexes, HTS, HDX-MS, MD simulations, and in vivo light-damage models (consolidating 2019 and 2023 work)

    PMID:30721022 PMID:37713257

    Open questions at the time
    • Therapeutic window and selectivity over other retinoid-binding proteins not addressed
    • Long-term in vivo consequences of CRBP1 inhibition unknown
  16. 2024 Low

    Implicated CRBP1 silencing in tumor immunosuppression, suggesting restoration of its retinoic acid pathway could reprogram the glioma immune microenvironment.

    Evidence Murine IDH-mutant glioma models, ATRA treatment, scRNA-seq, and RBP1 promoter epigenetic analysis (preprint)

    PMID:38645178

    Open questions at the time
    • Preprint, not peer-reviewed
    • Causal role of RBP1 silencing versus broader RA pathway loss not isolated
    • Human relevance beyond murine models untested

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How CRBP1 physically docks onto its partner dehydrogenases and hydrolases at the microsomal membrane, and how the apo/holo conformational switch is coordinated with these enzymes in vivo, remains structurally and mechanistically undefined.
  • No co-structure of CRBP1 with any partner enzyme
  • Spatial organization of CRBP1-enzyme interactions at the ER membrane unknown
  • Mechanism coupling Akt suppression and β-catenin stabilization to retinoid chaperoning not established

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0008289 lipid binding 5 GO:0140313 molecular sequestering activity 3 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity 2
Localization
GO:0005829 cytosol 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism 4 R-HSA-1266738 Developmental Biology 2 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 2 R-HSA-9709957 Sensory Perception 2
Partners
IRBPRDH12

Evidence

Reading pass · 20 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1993 Apo-CRBP1 stimulates a bile salt-independent microsomal retinyl ester hydrolase to release retinol from retinyl ester stores, generating holo-CRBP1; holo-CRBP1 then serves as a direct substrate for an NADP-dependent microsomal retinol dehydrogenase to produce retinal, which is further converted to retinoic acid by a cytosolic NAD-dependent retinal dehydrogenase. Thus CRBP1 channels retinol through the retinoic acid biosynthesis pathway via a series of protein-protein interactions. In vitro enzyme assays with purified apo- and holo-CRBP, microsomal fractions, cofactor specificity studies, substrate competition The Journal of nutrition High 1932598 8381481
1992 Holo-CRBP1 (retinol-bound CRBP) is specifically recognized as substrate by an NADP-dependent microsomal retinol dehydrogenase for retinal synthesis; NADPH does not support significant retinal synthesis from holo-CRBP1 or physiological concentrations of free retinol when an NADPH-regenerating system prevents NADP formation, establishing cofactor specificity. Microsomal enzyme assays with holo-CRBP vs. free retinol, varying cofactors (NADP, NAD, NADPH) with and without regenerating systems; Km and Vmax determinations Biochimica et biophysica acta High 1562584
1995 A microsomal retinol dehydrogenase (RoDH) from rat liver, identified as a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase (SCAD, 34 kDa active subunit), directly cross-links to and uses holo-CRBP1 as substrate (Km ~0.4–0.6 µM), catalyzing retinal synthesis with NADP as cofactor via an ordered bisubstrate mechanism. The enzyme discriminates against CRBP1-bound didehydroretinol and 9-cis-retinol, demonstrating substrate specificity conferred by the CRBP1 complex. Affinity chromatography, Triton X-114 phase partitioning, covalent cross-linking of holo-CRBP1 to the 34 kDa subunit, phenylarsine oxide inactivation, Km determination, SCAD inhibitor profiling (carbenoxolone, ethanol), cofactor studies Biochemistry High 7766612
1992 The rat CRBP1 (rCRBPI) promoter contains a retinoic acid response element (RARE) ~1 kb upstream of the transcription start, consisting of a direct repeat with a two-nucleotide spacer. This RARE is activated by RARα and RARβ (but not RARγ1) and requires RAR/RXR heterodimers for efficient binding and transcriptional activation; RARs or RXR alone do not interact effectively with the element. Promoter deletion and sequence analysis, transient transfection reporter assays, gel-shift binding assays with RAR and RXR combinations Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 1339275
2003 Human microsomal RoDH-4 (SDR family) recognizes cytosolic holo-CRBP1 as a substrate with Km close to liver holo-CRBP1 concentration (~59 min⁻¹ mM⁻¹ catalytic efficiency); apo-CRBP1 acts as a strong competitive inhibitor (Ki ~0.2 µM) of holo-CRBP1 oxidation, indicating that the apo/holo-CRBP1 ratio regulates retinol flux to retinoic acid. RoDH-4 faces the cytosolic side of the membrane (established by immunoprecipitation and glycosylation scanning), consistent with its access to cytosolic holo-CRBP1. Purified RoDH-4 reconstituted in proteoliposomes; kinetic assays with holo-CRBP1 vs. free retinol; competitive inhibition by apo-CRBP1; membrane topology by immunoprecipitation and glycosylation scanning mutagenesis Biochemistry High 12534290
2005 CRBP1 restricts the oxidation of all-trans-retinol by RDH12 but has little effect on reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde, because CRBP1 binds all-trans-retinol with much higher affinity than all-trans-retinaldehyde; RDH12 utilizes only the unbound (free) forms of retinoids, not holo-CRBP1 complexes. In vitro RDH12 activity assays with retinoids in the presence or absence of CRBP1 or CRALBP; kinetic analysis (Km, kcat) Biochemistry High 15865448
2011 CRBP1 and CRBP2 bind 9-cis-retinol (Kd ~11 nM and ~68 nM, respectively) and 9-cis-retinal (Kd ~8 nM and ~5 nM, respectively) with high affinity, but neither protein shows significant binding to 9-cis-retinoic acid. This supports a model in which CRBP1 chaperones 9-cis-retinoids to enzymes for 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthesis. Fluorescence spectroscopy binding assays with non-linear regression to determine apparent dissociation constants for multiple retinoid ligands Biochimica et biophysica acta Medium 21382444
2002 CRBP1 knockout mice (CRBPI⁻/⁻) accumulate all-trans-retinol transiently in the neural retina after a light flash (instead of converting it to retinyl ester as in wild-type), and have ~67% reduction in retinyl ester stores in the RPE, indicating that CRBP1 participates in driving diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptors to RPE and in delivering retinol to LRAT for esterification in the visual cycle. Dark adaptation was delayed approximately 2-fold but rhodopsin regeneration rate was not majorly impaired. Retinoid analysis by HPLC in dark-adapted and flash-recovered eyes of CRBPI⁻/⁻ vs. wild-type mice; electroretinography (ERG) for dark adaptation rates Investigative ophthalmology & visual science High 12036972
1994 Retinol transfers rapidly and nearly completely (>100%) from IRBP to CRBP1 in vitro with a half-time of ~4 seconds, driven by CRBP1's ~100-fold higher affinity for retinol compared to IRBP. No transfer from CRBP1 back to IRBP was detected, establishing a thermodynamic gradient that drives retinol flow toward the RPE during the visual cycle. UV absorbance spectroscopy (shift from 330 to 350 nm upon transfer), size-exclusion HPLC separation of IRBP and CRBP1 followed by retinoid quantification with diode-array detection Experimental eye research Medium 7835405
2010 CRBP1 (CRBP-I) regulates adipocyte differentiation: CRBP-I is specifically expressed in preadipocytes in white adipose tissue, and its absence in knockout mice leads to increased adiposity. CRBP-I–deficient 3T3-L1 cells and MEFs show increased adipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation due to increased PPARγ expression and activity, while CRBP-I overexpression decreases triglyceride accumulation. The effect is PPARγ-dependent with other early and late adipogenic transcription factor pathways unaffected. CRBP-I knockout mice, 3T3-L1 cells with shRNA knockdown, MEFs from knockout mice, overexpression in 3T3-L1; PPARγ activity assays, Oil Red O staining, triglyceride quantification, qPCR for transcription factors Molecular and cellular biology High 20498279
2011 CrbpI (encoded by Rbp1) modulates pancreatic 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA) levels and glucose homeostasis: Rbp1⁻/⁻ mice have abnormally elevated pancreatic 9cRA that resists postprandial decrease, associated with defective islet gene expression for glucose sensing and insulin secretion, reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, high glucagon, increased gluconeogenesis, and hyperglycemia. Ectopic CrbpII expression in Rbp1⁻/⁻ pancreas contributes to elevated 9cRA biosynthesis. Rbp1⁻/⁻ mice also show increased fatty acid oxidation and obesity resistance on high-fat diet. Rbp1 knockout mice; retinoid quantification by LC-MS; islet gene expression by qPCR; glucose tolerance tests; insulin and glucagon secretion assays; measurement of gluconeogenesis rates Molecular and cellular biology High 21670153
2013 CrbpI loss in mouse mammary tissue disrupts retinoic acid (atRA) homeostasis, resulting in 40% depleted endogenous atRA. Rbp1⁻/⁻ mammary subcellular fractions show 24–42% less atRA production due to altered retinol dehydrogenase/reductase enzyme activity. CrbpIII cannot functionally replace CrbpI as a retinoid chaperone. Loss of CrbpI precedes defects in atRA biosynthesis enzyme expression and causes epithelial hyperplasia, stromal hypercellularity, increased collagen, and oxidative stress consistent with atRA deficiency. Rbp1⁻/⁻ mouse mammary tissue; retinoid quantification by LC-MS; subcellular fractionation with Rdh enzyme activity assays; histological analysis; qPCR for biosynthesis enzymes FASEB journal High 23362116
2016 Crystal structures of human CRBP1 in apo (ligand-free) and holo (retinol-bound or retinylamine-bound) forms reveal that ligand binding induces conformational changes in α-helix II, hairpin turns between β-strands βC-βD and βE-βF, and side chains Phe-57, Tyr-60, and Ile-77 surrounding the entrance to the retinoid-binding pocket. The apoprotein has greater backbone mobility in these regions (higher B-factors) that facilitates induced-fit ligand uptake; the rigid holoprotein structure protects the retinoid during transport. X-ray crystallography of apo-CRBP1 and holo-CRBP1 bound to all-trans-retinol or retinylamine at atomic/ultra-high resolution; B-factor analysis; hydrogen bond network mapping The Journal of biological chemistry High 26900151
2017 Mutational analysis of human CRBP1 identified Gln108 and Lys40 as key polar residues for high-affinity retinol binding (Kd ~4.5 nM for wild-type; ~65 nM for Q108L; ~70 nM for K40L; ~250 nM for Q108L/K40L double mutant). Extensive apolar interactions in the binding cavity are sufficient to maintain ligand positioning, but polar interactions of the retinol hydroxyl with Gln108 and Lys40 are required for high affinity and selectivity. The putative portal region (α-helix-II, Arg58, E-F loop) is the most flexible region in both apo- and holo-CRBP1. X-ray crystallography of wild-type and mutant CRBP1 forms; fluorometric titration for Kd determination of wild-type and point mutants (Q108L, K40L, Q108L/K40L); B-factor analysis Journal of structural biology High 28057518
2019 Abnormal cannabidiol (abn-CBD) is a nonretinoid competitive inhibitor of CRBP1. X-ray crystal structures of CRBP1 in complex with abn-CBD and derivatives reveal a distinctive binding mode in the retinol-binding pocket. Abn-CBD modulates retinoid flux through the visual cycle in vivo and protects against light-induced retinal damage in mice. X-ray crystallography of CRBP1–abn-CBD complexes; competitive binding assays; in vivo mouse retinal damage model (light exposure); retinoid cycle flux measurements ACS chemical biology High 30721022
2023 High-throughput screening identified new nonretinoid competitive inhibitors of CRBP1. Crystal structures of CRBP1 with six inhibitors revealed their binding modes within the retinol-binding pocket. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry quantified inhibitor-induced conformational changes and correlated their magnitude with binding affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the 'closed' conformation of CRBP1 retains ligands within the binding pocket, providing mechanistic insight into high-affinity binding. High-throughput screening; X-ray crystallography (6 inhibitor complexes); hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS); molecular dynamics simulations ACS chemical biology High 37713257
2001 Ectopic CRBP1 expression in CRBP-null human breast epithelial cells suppresses anchorage-independent growth and colony formation by inhibiting cell survival (not proliferation of adherent cells). This was mechanistically linked to inhibition of protein kinase B/Akt activation specifically in suspension conditions, and mimicked by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CRBP1-mediated effects were independent of retinoic acid receptor activity; CRBP1 enhanced retinyl ester formation rather than retinoic acid synthesis. Ectopic expression of CRBP1 in MTSV1-7 and T47D breast cells; soft-agar colony assay; TUNEL and viability assays; Western blot for phospho-Akt; pharmacological inhibition with LY294002; RA receptor activity assays; retinyl ester quantification Oncogene Medium 11704871
2012 CRBP1 overexpression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promotes osteogenic and inhibits adipogenic differentiation. The mechanism involves CRBP1 inhibiting RXRα-induced β-catenin degradation, maintaining higher levels of β-catenin and phospho-ERK1/2, thereby activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling to favor osteogenesis over adipogenesis. CRBP1 overexpression in MSCs; in vitro and in vivo osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation assays; Western blot for β-catenin, RXRα, pERK1/2; Alizarin Red staining for mineralization The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology Medium 22230368
1989 The human RBP1 (CRBP1) gene was mapped to chromosomal region 3q21–q22 by somatic cell hybrid panel analysis and in situ hybridization. Somatic cell hybrid panel Southern blotting; in situ hybridization Somatic cell and molecular genetics Medium 2928844
2024 In IDH-mutant gliomas, RBP1 (CRBP1) is epigenetically silenced, impairing retinoic acid pathway signaling. This silencing contributes to immunosuppression by reducing inflammatory cell states and promoting suppressive myeloid phenotypes. Restoration of RA signaling (ATRA treatment) in murine IDHm glioma models promotes clonal CD4+ T cell expansion and tumor regression, specifically in IDHm but not IDH-wildtype tumors. Murine IDHm glioma models; ATRA treatment; flow cytometry for T cell and myeloid phenotyping; scRNA-seq for immune cell state analysis; epigenetic analysis of RBP1 promoter bioRxivpreprint Low 38645178

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 89 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2017 Cellular retinoid binding-proteins, CRBP, CRABP, FABP5: Effects on retinoid metabolism, function and related diseases. Pharmacology & therapeutics 199 28132904
2001 RBP1 recruits the mSIN3-histone deacetylase complex to the pocket of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor family proteins found in limited discrete regions of the nucleus at growth arrest. Molecular and cellular biology 160 11283269
1993 Characterization of the retinoblastoma binding proteins RBP1 and RBP2. Oncogene 156 8414517
2003 Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) forms complexes with retinoblastoma-binding protein 1 (RBP1) and the mSin3 histone deacetylase complex and represses transcription. The Journal of biological chemistry 142 14581478
1999 RBP1 recruits both histone deacetylase-dependent and -independent repression activities to retinoblastoma family proteins. Molecular and cellular biology 135 10490602
2009 The cyst nematode SPRYSEC protein RBP-1 elicits Gpa2- and RanGAP2-dependent plant cell death. PLoS pathogens 125 19714238
1993 Biosynthesis and metabolism of retinoic acid: roles of CRBP and CRABP in retinoic acid: roles of CRBP and CRABP in retinoic acid homeostasis. The Journal of nutrition 120 8381481
1991 Physiological occurrence, biosynthesis and metabolism of retinoic acid: evidence for roles of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) in the pathway of retinoic acid homeostasis. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie 117 1932598
1995 The Drosophila SR protein RBP1 contributes to the regulation of doublesex alternative splicing by recognizing RBP1 RNA target sequences. The EMBO journal 104 7664738
2005 Biochemical properties of purified human retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12): catalytic efficiency toward retinoids and C9 aldehydes and effects of cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBPI) and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) on the oxidation and reduction of retinoids. Biochemistry 98 15865448
2006 Photoperiodic regulation of cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP1 [corrected] and nestin in tanycytes of the third ventricle ependymal layer of the Siberian hamster. The Journal of endocrinology 95 17170225
1992 The Drosophila RNA-binding protein RBP1 is localized to transcriptionally active sites of chromosomes and shows a functional similarity to human splicing factor ASF/SF2. Genes & development 89 1340470
1992 A retinoic acid response element from the rat CRBPI promoter is activated by an RAR/RXR heterodimer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 83 1339275
1993 Non-overlapping expression of CRBP I and CRABP I during pattern formation of limbs and craniofacial structures in the early mouse embryo. Development (Cambridge, England) 76 8392461
1995 Characterization of a microsomal retinol dehydrogenase: a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase with integral and peripheral membrane forms that interacts with holo-CRBP (type I). Biochemistry 69 7766612
1999 RBP1 induces growth arrest by repression of E2F-dependent transcription. Oncogene 60 10321733
2015 Aberrant gene promoter methylation of p16, FHIT, CRBP1, WWOX, and DLC-1 in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinomas. Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) 56 25720522
1992 A system to study transcription by yeast RNA polymerase I within the chromosomal context: functional analysis of the ribosomal DNA enhancer and the RBP1/REB1 binding sites. The EMBO journal 53 1425596
2008 SIRT1 negatively regulates HDAC1-dependent transcriptional repression by the RBP1 family of proteins. Oncogene 52 18193082
2009 Methylation of CLDN6, FBN2, RBP1, RBP4, TFPI2, and TMEFF2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology reports 49 19288010
2007 Expression analysis and RNA localization of PAI-RBP1 (SERBP1) in epithelial ovarian cancer: association with tumor progression. Gynecologic oncology 47 17698176
2002 Analysis of the visual cycle in cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBPI) knockout mice. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 47 12036972
2010 Cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBP-I) regulates adipogenesis. Molecular and cellular biology 45 20498279
2006 p16, MGMT, RARbeta2, CLDN3, CRBP and MT1G gene methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions. Oncology reports 45 16685400
2001 CRBP suppresses breast cancer cell survival and anchorage-independent growth. Oncogene 44 11704871
1989 Regional mapping of RBP4 to 10q23----q24 and RBP1 to 3q21----q22 in man. Somatic cell and molecular genetics 43 2928844
2011 CrbpI modulates glucose homeostasis and pancreas 9-cis-retinoic acid concentrations. Molecular and cellular biology 40 21670153
2005 DNA methylation of genes linked to retinoid signaling in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: DNA methylation of CRBP1 and TIG1 is associated with tumor stage. Cancer science 40 16128742
2003 Differential recognition of the free versus bound retinol by human microsomal retinol/sterol dehydrogenases: characterization of the holo-CRBP dehydrogenase activity of RoDH-4. Biochemistry 40 12534290
2016 Ligand Binding Induces Conformational Changes in Human Cellular Retinol-binding Protein 1 (CRBP1) Revealed by Atomic Resolution Crystal Structures. The Journal of biological chemistry 39 26900151
2006 RBP1 family proteins exhibit SUMOylation-dependent transcriptional repression and induce cell growth inhibition reminiscent of senescence. Molecular and cellular biology 37 16479010
2012 Cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP-1) regulates osteogenenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through inhibiting RXRα-induced β-catenin degradation. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 36 22230368
1992 Microsomal retinal synthesis: retinol vs. holo-CRBP as substrate and evaluation of NADP, NAD and NADPH as cofactors. Biochimica et biophysica acta 36 1562584
2020 The RBP1-CKAP4 axis activates oncogenic autophagy and promotes cancer progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell death & disease 32 32587255
2005 Negative feedback regulation among SR splicing factors encoded by Rbp1 and Rbp1-like in Drosophila. The EMBO journal 32 15961996
2013 CrbpI regulates mammary retinoic acid homeostasis and the mammary microenvironment. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 31 23362116
2022 MicroRNA-20a-5p inhibits the autophagy and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer via regulating DNMT3B-mediated DNA methylation of RBP1. Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 30 34990753
2011 Binding affinities of CRBPI and CRBPII for 9-cis-retinoids. Biochimica et biophysica acta 29 21382444
2001 Regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin and CRBP-1 expression by retinoic acid and TGF-beta in cultured fibroblasts. Journal of cellular physiology 29 11319755
2002 Identification and polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax RBP-1 peptides which bind specifically to reticulocytes. Peptides 28 12535708
1999 Closing in on the BPES gene on 3q23: mapping of a de Novo reciprocal translocation t(3;4)(q23;p15.2) breakpoint within a 45-kb cosmid and mapping of three candidate genes, RBP1, RBP2, and beta'-COP, distal to the breakpoint. Genomics 28 10191085
2017 Comprehensive molecular exploration identified promoter DNA methylation of the CRBP1 gene as a determinant of radiation sensitivity in rectal cancer. British journal of cancer 25 28291773
1993 An RNA-binding protein gene (RBP1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a putative glucose-repressible protein containing two RNA recognition motifs. The Journal of biological chemistry 25 8325883
2019 Abnormal Cannabidiol Modulates Vitamin A Metabolism by Acting as a Competitive Inhibitor of CRBP1. ACS chemical biology 24 30721022
2004 Spatio-temporal distribution of cellular retinol-binding protein gene transcripts (CRBPI and CRBPII) in the developing and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). European journal of biochemistry 23 14717701
1997 In vivo analysis of the functional domains of the Drosophila splicing regulator RBP1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 23 8990170
1992 Cloning and sequence analysis of a rapamycin-binding protein-encoding gene (RBP1) from Candida albicans. Gene 23 1563628
1991 Involvement of cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins I and II (CRABPI and CRABPII) and of the cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBPI) in odontogenesis in the mouse. Differentiation; research in biological diversity 23 1663469
2011 Role of Rbp1 in the acquired chill-light tolerance of cyanobacteria. Journal of bacteriology 22 21460086
2006 The doublesex splicing enhancer components Tra2 and Rbp1 also repress splicing through an intronic silencer. Molecular and cellular biology 22 17101798
2004 Epigenetic CRBP downregulation appears to be an evolutionarily conserved (human and mouse) and oncogene-specific phenomenon in breast cancer. Molecular cancer 22 15113415
2012 Differential expression of PAI-RBP1, C1orf142, and COTL1 in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with different tumor metastatic potential. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research 21 22373659
2010 Retinoblastoma binding protein-1 (RBP1) is a Runx2 coactivator and promotes osteoblastic differentiation. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 21 20509905
2010 Cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation of RBP1 and pRb promotes their dissociation to mediate release of the SAP30·mSin3·HDAC transcriptional repressor complex. The Journal of biological chemistry 21 21148318
2004 CRBP-III:lacZ expression pattern reveals a novel heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells. Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) 20 15493015
2019 The SR proteins SF2 and RBP1 regulate triglyceride storage in the fat body of Drosophila. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 19 31277943
1993 Intestinal vitamin A metabolism: coordinate distribution of enzymes and CRBP(II). Journal of lipid research 19 8228637
1993 Alternative splicing of the RBP1 gene clusters in an internal exon that encodes potential phosphorylation sites. Oncogene 19 8455946
2014 CRBP-1 expression in ovarian cancer: a potential therapeutic target. Anticancer research 18 24982334
2003 TCDD-induced expression of Ah receptor responsive genes in the pituitary and brain of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP-I) knockout mice. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 18 14575644
2000 Spatio-temporal distribution of cellular retinoid binding protein gene transcripts in the developing and the adult cochlea. Morphological and functional consequences in CRABP- and CRBPI-null mutant mice. The European journal of neuroscience 17 10971621
1986 Studies of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. International journal of cancer 15 3484732
1995 A 43.5 kb segment of yeast chromosome XIV, which contains MFA2, MEP2, CAP/SRV2, NAM9, FKB1/FPR1/RBP1, MOM22 and CPT1, predicts an adenosine deaminase gene and 14 new open reading frames. Yeast (Chichester, England) 14 8619318
1994 Exchange of retinol between IRBP and CRBP. Experimental eye research 14 7835405
2017 Structural and molecular determinants affecting the interaction of retinol with human CRBP1. Journal of structural biology 12 28057518
2013 Hepatic stellate cells that coexpress LRAT and CRBP-1 partially contribute to portal fibrogenesis in patients with human viral hepatitis. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 11 23890161
2005 Validation of the binding site structure of the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) by ligand NMR chemical shift perturbations. Journal of the American Chemical Society 11 15826155
2013 The Effect of Metformin Treatment on CRBP-I Level and Cancer Development in the Liver of HBx Transgenic Mice. The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology 9 24227948
1996 CTBP1/RBP1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein which binds to T-rich single-stranded DNA containing the 11-bp core sequence of autonomously replicating sequence, is a poly(deoxypyrimidine)-binding protein. European journal of biochemistry 8 8665950
1995 The distribution of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein I (CRABPI) and cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBPI) during molar tooth development and eruption in the rat. Connective tissue research 8 7554917
2010 Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Bmrbp1 , the Bombyx mori homologue of the Drosophila gene rbp1. Molecular biology reports 7 19731076
2023 CRBP-HFEF: Prediction of RBP-Binding Sites on circRNAs Based on Hierarchical Feature Expansion and Fusion. Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences 6 37233959
2023 Discovery of Nonretinoid Inhibitors of CRBP1: Structural and Dynamic Insights for Ligand-Binding Mechanisms. ACS chemical biology 6 37713257
1999 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize decameric peptide sequences of retinoblastoma binding protein 1 (RBP-1) associated with human breast cancer. British journal of cancer 6 10496363
2023 Coronary artery disease-associated immune gene RBP1 and its pan-cancer analysis. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 5 36970364
2010 Screening genes of the visual cycle RGR, RBP1 and RBP3 identifies rare sequence variations. Ophthalmic genetics 5 21067480
2008 CRBP-I in the renal tubulointerstitial compartment of healthy rats and rats with renal fibrosis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 5 18503097
2023 ELOA promotes tumor growth and metastasis by activating RBP1 in gastric cancer. Cancer medicine 4 37694492
2025 CircSPINT2 confers sensitivity to osimertinib via hsa-miR-1296-3p/RBP1 axis and inhibits NSCLC progression. Molecular therapy. Oncology 2 41035422
2024 Prediction of Pesticide Interactions with Proteins Involved in Human Reproduction by Using a Virtual Screening Approach: A Case Study of Famoxadone Binding CRBP-III and Izumo. International journal of molecular sciences 2 38891976
2016 The 5' untranslated region of the rbp1 mRNA is required for translation of its mRNA under low temperatures in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. Archives of microbiology 2 27449001
2008 [Retinoid expression (RARbeta and CRBP1) in non-small-cell lung carcinoma]. Medicina 2 18689151
1988 Taq I RFLP in the human cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) gene. Nucleic acids research 2 2901072
1986 [Presence of free retinol receptor (cRBP) and retinoic acid receptor (cRABP) in human skin tumors]. Bulletin du cancer 2 3015290
2026 Knockdown of the fly spliceosome component Rbp1 (orthologue of SRSF1) extends lifespan. GeroScience 1 41514095
1995 [Use of polymerase chain reaction for detecting the RBPC gene in natural samples]. Mikrobiologiia 1 8643038
1987 Isolation and purification of cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) from goat mammary gland. Life sciences 1 3102874
2024 All-trans retinoic acid induces durable tumor immunity in IDH-mutant gliomas by rescuing transcriptional repression of the CRBP1-retinoic acid axis. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 0 38645178
1997 Assignment of the cellular retinol binding protein 1 (Rbp1) and hepatic lipase (Lipc) genes to rat chromosome 8. Folia biologica 0 9338114

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