Affinage

PRTN3

Myeloblastin · UniProt P24158

Length
256 aa
Mass
27.8 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 13 papers cited in narrative 13 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: Affinage preferred faithfulness: 5/5 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PRTN3 encodes proteinase 3 (PR-3), a neutrophil serine proteinase that degrades extracellular matrix substrates including elastin, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and collagen type IV, with a preference for small aliphatic residues at the P1 position, and is inhibited by alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha-2-macroglobulin but not by secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (PMID:2033050). Beyond matrix proteolysis, PR-3 cleaves all human IgG subclasses, generating products distinct from those of neutrophil elastase (PMID:7621597). When translocated to the surface of TNF-primed endothelial cells, PR-3 serves as the autoantigen for C-ANCA: anti-PR-3 antibodies drive complement-independent endothelial cytotoxicity dependent on co-cultured primed neutrophils (PMID:8082300), induce NF-kappaB-dependent endothelial IL-8 synthesis (PMID:10583443), prime CD14-dependent monocyte and neutrophil cytokine responses to bacterial ligands (PMID:16006536), and provoke neutrophil-mediated acute lung injury through elastase- and NADPH oxidase-derived oxygen radicals (PMID:20032014), collectively defining its role in ANCA-associated vasculitis pathology. Intracellularly, PR-3 acts together with cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase to proteolytically clip the histone H3 amino terminus (H3ΔN), an epigenetic mark enriched at active chromatin that is lost as monocytes differentiate into macrophages, with combined protease depletion increasing chromatin accessibility (PMID:34017121). In tumor-associated macrophages, PRTN3 promotes M2 polarization and IL-33-driven regulatory T cell immunosuppression by suppressing AKT-mediated FOXO1 degradation to activate IL33 transcription, restraining antitumor immunity (PMID:39993649).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 11 steps
  1. 1991 High

    Established PR-3 as a serine proteinase with defined substrate specificity and inhibitor profile, distinguishing it from other neutrophil proteases.

    Evidence In vitro enzymatic assays with chromogenic peptides, insulin chain digestion, and inhibitor kinetics

    PMID:2033050

    Open questions at the time
    • No in vivo substrate validation
    • Physiological context of matrix degradation not addressed
  2. 1994 Medium

    Showed that surface-expressed PR-3 on cytokine-primed endothelium is the target of C-ANCA-mediated cytotoxicity, linking the autoantigen to vascular injury.

    Evidence Cr-release cytotoxicity assay with antibody inhibition and primed-neutrophil co-cultivation

    PMID:8082300

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism of surface translocation not defined
    • Single lab
  3. 1995 Medium

    Demonstrated PR-3 cleaves IgG subclasses including complexed C-ANCA, indicating it can modify immune complexes.

    Evidence In vitro proteolysis comparing PR3 and neutrophil elastase cleavage products

    PMID:7621597

    Open questions at the time
    • Functional consequence of IgG cleavage in vivo unknown
    • Single method
  4. 1998 Medium

    Defined the genomic structure, chromosomal location, and conserved catalytic triad of Prtn3, situating it next to the neutrophil elastase locus.

    Evidence FISH localization, gene sequencing, and promoter element analysis in mouse

    PMID:9925946

    Open questions at the time
    • Transcriptional regulators not functionally validated
    • Mouse-based
  5. 1999 Medium

    Clarified that anti-PR-3 antibodies recognize conformational endothelial epitopes distinct from PR-3 and drive NF-kappaB-dependent IL-8 production, defining a proinflammatory signaling output.

    Evidence Flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, RT-PCR, and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation/cycloheximide assays in HUVEC

    PMID:10583443 PMID:9933466

    Open questions at the time
    • Identity of cross-reactive endothelial epitopes unresolved
    • Receptor transducing the signal not defined
  6. 2005 Medium

    Showed anti-PR-3 antibodies prime monocytes and neutrophils for amplified responses to bacterial ligands via CD14 upregulation, connecting autoantibodies to innate immune sensitization.

    Evidence In vitro cytokine release ELISAs and flow cytometry for CD14 with isotype controls

    PMID:16006536

    Open questions at the time
    • Signaling pathway from antibody to CD14 induction unknown
    • Single lab
  7. 2008 Medium

    Identified a T cell arm of PR3-ANCA autoimmunity through CD4+ TH1 responses to a complementary-PR3 peptide encoded by the antisense PRTN3 RNA.

    Evidence Memory T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma assays with scrambled-peptide and MPO-ANCA controls

    PMID:18596726

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo pathogenicity of cPR3-reactive T cells not established
    • Single lab
  8. 2009 Medium

    Defined the downstream effectors of anti-PR-3-triggered tissue injury, implicating neutrophil elastase and NADPH oxidase-derived radicals.

    Evidence Isolated perfused rat lung model with ROS and elastase inhibitors

    PMID:20032014

    Open questions at the time
    • Translation to chronic human vasculitis not shown
    • Ex vivo model
  9. 2021 High

    Revealed an intracellular, chromatin-modifying role for PR-3, acting redundantly with cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase to clip histone H3 and shape monocyte chromatin accessibility.

    Evidence Integrative epigenomics with combined NSP depletion and chromatin accessibility assays in primary monocytes/macrophages

    PMID:34017121

    Open questions at the time
    • Relative contribution of PR-3 versus other NSPs not isolated
    • Mechanism of nuclear access not defined
  10. 2023 Medium

    Linked a cis-regulatory variant to elevated leukocyte PRTN3 expression, higher plasma PR3, and PR3-ANCA relapse risk, tying expression dosage to disease outcome.

    Evidence Genotyping, qPCR, plasma PR3 ELISA, and longitudinal relapse follow-up

    PMID:36626226

    Open questions at the time
    • Causal mechanism connecting expression to relapse unproven
    • Single cohort
  11. 2025 Medium

    Established a tumor-promoting role for macrophage PRTN3 via an AKT/FOXO1/IL33 axis driving M2 polarization and Treg-mediated immunosuppression.

    Evidence Myeloid-specific Prtn3 knockout mice, macrophage polarization assays, pathway dissection, and anti-PD1 combination

    PMID:39993649

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PR-3 proteolytic activity is required for FOXO1 stabilization unclear
    • Human tumor validation limited

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • How PR-3 is translocated to the cell surface and gains nuclear access to histones, and whether its catalytic activity underlies its non-proteolytic signaling roles, remain unresolved.
  • No defined mechanism for membrane presentation
  • Catalytic dependence of immunomodulatory functions untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016787 hydrolase activity 3 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 3
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 2 GO:0005634 nucleus 1
Pathway
R-HSA-168256 Immune System 3 R-HSA-1474244 Extracellular matrix organization 1 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 1
Partners
CTSGELANE

Evidence

Reading pass · 13 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
1991 PRTN3 (PR-3) is a serine proteinase that degrades extracellular matrix proteins including elastin, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and collagen type IV, but shows no or minimal activity against interstitial collagens types I and III. It prefers small aliphatic amino acids (alanine, serine, valine) at the P1 substrate-binding site. It is inhibited by alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha-2-macroglobulin but not by alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin or secretory leukoprotease inhibitor. In vitro enzymatic assays with chromogenic synthetic peptide substrates, insulin chain digestion, and inhibitor kinetics (ka measurements) The Journal of biological chemistry High 2033050
1994 PRTN3 (PR-3) expressed on the surface of TNF-alpha-treated endothelial cells mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: anti-PR-3 antibodies (C-ANCA) cause lytic activity against endothelial cells in a complement-independent manner, requiring both TNF-alpha-induced surface PR-3 expression and co-cultivation with cytokine-primed neutrophils. Cr-release cytotoxicity assay; antibody inhibition with purified antigen; co-cultivation experiments with primed neutrophils Clinical and experimental immunology Medium 8082300
1995 PRTN3 (PR-3) proteolytically cleaves all human IgG subclass proteins, including C-ANCA IgG complexed to the enzyme, generating cleavage products distinct from those produced by neutrophil elastase. In vitro proteolysis assay comparing PR3 and HNE cleavage products of IgG subclasses Clinical and experimental immunology Medium 7621597
1998 The mouse Prtn3 gene consists of five exons and four introns, is approximately 3.7 kb, maps to mouse chromosome 10C2 within 2.2 kb of the neutrophil elastase gene (Ela2), and its proximal promoter contains TATA box, c-myb, and ets transcriptional elements. The catalytic triad is conserved between mouse and human PR-3. FISH analysis for chromosomal localization; gene structure characterization by sequencing; promoter element analysis Cytogenetics and cell genetics Medium 9925946
1999 Anti-PR-3 antibodies (C-ANCA) recognize conformational epitopes on the surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) that are distinct from PR-3 itself (HUVEC do not express PR3 mRNA by RT-PCR), suggesting cross-reactive membrane targets. The epitopes are trypsin- and formaldehyde-sensitive, consistent with conformational antigens. Fluorescent ELISA, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, RT-PCR for PR3 expression in HUVEC Clinical and experimental immunology Medium 9933466
1999 Anti-PR-3 antibodies induce endothelial IL-8 synthesis through activation of NF-kappaB, requiring cytokine-primed (TNF-alpha or IL-1beta) endothelial cells for maximal effect; cycloheximide inhibits this response. RT-PCR for IL-8 mRNA; ELISA for IL-8 protein in supernatant; PAGE/Western blot for NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation; cycloheximide inhibition European journal of clinical investigation Medium 10583443
2005 Anti-PR-3 antibodies prime CD14-dependent monocyte and neutrophil activation: preincubation with anti-PR-3 antibodies markedly enhances IL-8, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 release upon subsequent LPS or LTA challenge, and this priming correlates with upregulation of CD14 expression on monocytes and neutrophils. In vitro cytokine release assay (ELISA for IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-6); flow cytometry for CD14 surface expression; isotype-matched IgG controls Journal of leukocyte biology Medium 16006536
2008 Approximately half of PR3-ANCA patients have CD4+ TH1 memory T cells that respond to a complementary-PR3 peptide (cPR3(138-169)), encoded by the antisense RNA of the PRTN3 gene; cPR3-responsive T cells proliferate and secrete IFN-gamma in response to cPR3 peptide but not scrambled peptide. This response was absent in MPO-ANCA patients and correlated with anti-cPR3 antibodies. Memory T cell culture assays; T cell proliferation assay; IFN-gamma secretion measurement; specificity confirmed by absence of response to scrambled peptide and in MPO-ANCA controls Kidney international Medium 18596726
2009 Anti-PR-3 antibodies induce neutrophil-mediated acute lung injury in isolated rat lungs via an elastase- and NADPH oxidase-derived oxygen radical-dependent mechanism: co-perfusion of TNF-primed neutrophils (surface-expressing PR-3) with monoclonal anti-PR-3 caused massive lung edema and increased endothelial permeability, which was prevented by superoxide dismutase, NADPH oxidase inhibitor, or neutrophil elastase inhibition. Isolated perfused rat lung model; measurement of lung weight gain and capillary filtration coefficient; inhibitors of reactive oxygen species and elastase The European respiratory journal Medium 20032014
2021 PRTN3 (proteinase 3), together with cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase, catalyzes proteolytic cleavage of the histone H3 amino terminus (H3ΔN) in human peripheral blood monocytes. This histone mark is abundant in monocytes, enriched at permissive chromatin and actively transcribed genes, and is repressed as monocytes differentiate into macrophages. Simultaneous depletion of all three neutrophil serine proteases in monocytic cells results in H3ΔN loss and increased chromatin accessibility. Integrative epigenomic analysis; NSP depletion in monocytic cells; chromatin accessibility assays; primary monocyte and macrophage characterization Nature immunology High 34017121
2023 A SNP (rs62132293) upstream of PRTN3 is an expression quantitative trait locus that increases leukocyte PRTN3 expression and circulating plasma PR3 levels in ANCA patients (but not healthy controls), and variant carriers with PR3-ANCA have an increased risk of disease relapse compared to MPO-ANCA carriers. Genotyping; real-time quantitative PCR of leukocyte PRTN3 expression; ELISA for plasma PR3; longitudinal follow-up for relapse JCI insight Medium 36626226
2023 Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma proliferation by upregulating IL-32/PRTN3 expression, which activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro proliferation assays; in vivo tumor models; RT-PCR and protein expression analysis of IL-32 and PRTN3; PI3K/AKT pathway activity measurement Cancer science Low 36919771
2025 PRTN3 in tumor-associated macrophages promotes M2 polarization and IL-33-mediated regulatory T cell differentiation to suppress antitumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, PRTN3 upregulates IL-33 in macrophages by suppressing AKT-mediated ubiquitinated degradation of FOXO1, which then activates IL33 transcription. Myeloid-specific Prtn3 knockout in mice remodeled the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhanced anti-PD1 therapy efficacy. Myeloid-specific Prtn3 knockout mouse model; in vitro macrophage polarization assays; mechanistic studies of AKT/FOXO1/IL33 axis; flow cytometry for Tregs; anti-PD1 combination experiment Cancer letters Medium 39993649

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2006 Tudor, MBT and chromo domains gauge the degree of lysine methylation. EMBO reports 385 16415788
1991 Characterization of proteinase-3 (PR-3), a neutrophil serine proteinase. Structural and functional properties. The Journal of biological chemistry 256 2033050
2012 The influence of ACPA status and characteristics on the course of RA. Nature reviews. Rheumatology 176 22293763
2015 Extensive glycosylation of ACPA-IgG variable domains modulates binding to citrullinated antigens in rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 164 25587188
2017 The role of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Central-European journal of immunology 125 29472818
2009 MBT domain proteins in development and disease. Seminars in cell & developmental biology 124 19778625
2003 The human L(3)MBT polycomb group protein is a transcriptional repressor and interacts physically and functionally with TEL (ETV6). The Journal of biological chemistry 94 12588862
2014 The lung in ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis: an initiating site of injury? Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 86 24831057
2014 ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis differ in their requirements for combination DMARDs and corticosteroids: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis research & therapy 74 24433430
2011 Rheumatoid arthritis: Are ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA the same disease? Nature reviews. Rheumatology 74 21455249
2010 The ACPA isotype profile reflects long-term radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 66 20439289
2005 Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis: specificity and relation with rheumatoid factor. Autoimmunity reviews 66 16137613
2011 An essential role for transcription before the MBT in Xenopus laevis. Developmental biology 65 21741375
2005 Autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins: ACPA. Autoimmunity 63 15804701
1998 Mouse embryos do not wait for the MBT: chromatin and RNA polymerase remodeling in genome activation at the onset of development. Developmental genetics 63 9499578
1994 Cytotoxic effects of antibodies to proteinase 3 (C-ANCA) on human endothelial cells. Clinical and experimental immunology 63 8082300
2011 The ACPA recognition profile and subgrouping of ACPA-positive RA patients. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 61 21998120
2021 Repression of CTSG, ELANE and PRTN3-mediated histone H3 proteolytic cleavage promotes monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Nature immunology 59 34017121
2017 The Infectious Basis of ACPA-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis. Frontiers in microbiology 59 29033912
2019 Differential ACPA Binding to Nuclear Antigens Reveals a PAD-Independent Pathway and a Distinct Subset of Acetylation Cross-Reactive Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Frontiers in immunology 57 30662440
2017 Differences in the symptomatic phase preceding ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA: a longitudinal study in arthralgia during progression to clinical arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 57 28606964
2011 The tumour suppressor L(3)mbt inhibits neuroepithelial proliferation and acts on insulator elements. Nature cell biology 55 21857667
1999 A human homolog of Drosophila lethal(3)malignant brain tumor (l(3)mbt) protein associates with condensed mitotic chromosomes. Oncogene 50 10445843
2003 Mbt, a Drosophila PAK protein, combines with Cdc42 to regulate photoreceptor cell morphogenesis. Development (Cambridge, England) 49 12490550
2008 Contribution of Fcgamma receptor IIIA gene 158V/F polymorphism and copy number variation to the risk of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 48 19019892
1993 Cellular immune responses and pathogenesis in c-ANCA positive vasculitides. Journal of autoimmunity 48 8499060
2021 Novel autoantibodies identified in ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 47 33452006
2015 Coordinating Cell Cycle Remodeling with Transcriptional Activation at the Drosophila MBT. Current topics in developmental biology 46 26358872
2009 Structural studies of a four-MBT repeat protein MBTD1. PloS one 46 19841675
2020 Bacterial citrullinated epitopes generated by Porphyromonas gingivalis infection-a missing link for ACPA production. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 45 32532752
2022 Randomized phase I trial of antigen-specific tolerizing immunotherapy with peptide/calcitriol liposomes in ACPA+ rheumatoid arthritis. JCI insight 44 36278483
2001 Identification of the acid phosphatase (acpA) gene homologues in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Burkholderia spp. facilitates TnphoA mutagenesis. Microbiology (Reading, England) 44 11160805
2018 ACPA IgG galactosylation associates with disease activity in pregnant patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 43 29615411
2015 CCR6(+) Th cell populations distinguish ACPA positive from ACPA negative rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis research & therapy 43 26617177
2008 ANCA patients have T cells responsive to complementary PR-3 antigen. Kidney international 43 18596726
1998 Pre-MBT patterning of early gene regulation in Xenopus: the role of the cortical rotation and mesoderm induction. Mechanisms of development 43 9510021
2016 A prospective cohort study of 14-3-3η in ACPA and/or RF-positive patients with arthralgia. Arthritis research & therapy 40 27037016
2013 HLA shared epitope and ACPA: just a marker or an active player? Autoimmunity reviews 40 23958703
2011 Mutational and phylogenetic analyses of the mycobacterial mbt gene cluster. Journal of bacteriology 40 21873494
2010 Anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis: influence of an interaction between HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and a deletion polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase in a cross-sectional study. Arthritis research & therapy 40 21087494
2005 Impaired maturation of myeloid progenitors in mice lacking novel Polycomb group protein MBT-1. The EMBO journal 38 15889154
2008 The Drosophila p21-activated kinase Mbt modulates DE-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion by phosphorylation of Armadillo. The Biochemical journal 34 18636970
2006 The Drosophila p21 activated kinase Mbt regulates the actin cytoskeleton and adherens junctions to control photoreceptor cell morphogenesis. Mechanisms of development 33 17097274
2011 H3K9me2/3 binding of the MBT domain protein LIN-61 is essential for Caenorhabditis elegans vulva development. PLoS genetics 32 21437264
2016 Loss of l(3)mbt leads to acquisition of the ping-pong cycle in Drosophila ovarian somatic cells. Genes & development 31 27474440
2015 ACPA-positive primary Sjögren's syndrome: true primary or rheumatoid arthritis-associated Sjögren's syndrome? RMD open 31 26509066
1999 Anti-proteinase-3 (PR3) antibodies (C-ANCA) recognize various targets on the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) membrane. Clinical and experimental immunology 30 9933466
2021 ACPA decreases non-small cell lung cancer line growth through Akt/PI3K and JNK pathways in vitro. Cell death & disease 29 33431819
2020 Association between number and type of different ACPA fine specificities with lung abnormalities in early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis. RMD open 28 32917833
2020 Increased expression of CXCL2 in ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis and its role in osteoclastogenesis. Clinical and experimental immunology 28 33010041
2023 Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes the early occurrence of esophageal cancer through upregulation of IL-32/PRTN3 expression. Cancer science 27 36919771
2022 ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis: From immune mechanisms to clinical translation. EBioMedicine 27 36027873
2021 ACPA Status Correlates with Differential Immune Profile in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 27 33799480
2020 Highly Sensitive Dual-Mode Optical Thermometry in Double-Perovskite Oxides via Pr3+/Dy3+ Energy Transfer. Inorganic chemistry 27 32940038
2020 Argonaute NRDE-3 and MBT domain protein LIN-61 redundantly recruit an H3K9me3 HMT to prevent embryonic lethality and transposon expression. Genes & development 27 33303642
2019 Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ACPA and harmaline co-treatment. Behavioural brain research 27 30797851
2019 Outcome of patients with early arthritis without rheumatoid factor and ACPA and predictors of rheumatoid arthritis in the ESPOIR cohort. Arthritis research & therapy 26 31171038
2012 LINT, a novel dL(3)mbt-containing complex, represses malignant brain tumour signature genes. PLoS genetics 26 22570633
2000 Cloning of a novel murine gene Sfmbt, Scm-related gene containing four mbt domains, structurally belonging to the Polycomb group of genes. Gene 26 10806358
2018 ACPA mediates the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity reviews 25 30007856
2013 Meta-analysis of expression of l(3)mbt tumor-associated germline genes supports the model that a soma-to-germline transition is a hallmark of human cancers. International journal of cancer 25 24243547
2009 c-ANCA-induced neutrophil-mediated lung injury: a model of acute Wegener's granulomatosis. The European respiratory journal 25 20032014
2005 Anti-proteinase 3 antibodies (c-ANCA) prime CD14-dependent leukocyte activation. Journal of leukocyte biology 25 16006536
2020 Inflammatory Proteins HMGA2 and PRTN3 as Drivers of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression. Cancers 24 33374674
2019 LTF, PRTN3, and MNDA in Synovial Fluid as Promising Biomarkers for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Identification by Quadrupole Orbital-Trap Mass Spectrometry. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 24 31644522
2011 Genetics of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis: the beginning of the end? Annals of the rheumatic diseases 24 21339219
2005 Midblastula transition (MBT) of the cell cycles in the yolk and pigment granule-free translucent blastomeres obtained from centrifuged Xenopus embryos. Development, growth & differentiation 24 16026537
2020 Differential regulation and correlation between galectin-9 and anti-CCP antibody (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis research & therapy 23 32293530
2016 Rapid and Energy-Saving Microwave-Assisted Solid-State Synthesis of Pr(3+)-, Eu(3+)-, or Tb(3+)-Doped Lu2O3 Persistent Luminescence Materials. ACS applied materials & interfaces 21 27387602
2015 Expression and specificity profile of the major acetate transporter AcpA in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 21 25708319
1995 Proteolysis of classic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (C-ANCA) by neutrophil proteinase 3. Clinical and experimental immunology 20 7621597
1991 Anti-granulocyte antibodies (C-ANCA, P-ANCA, GS-ANA) studied by confocal scanning laser fluorescence microscopy, ELISA, and chemiluminescence techniques. Scandinavian journal of immunology 20 1650962
2019 MicroRNA miR-252 targets mbt to control the developmental growth of Drosophila. Insect molecular biology 19 30582233
2018 Rap1, Canoe and Mbt cooperate with Bazooka to promote zonula adherens assembly in the fly photoreceptor. Journal of cell science 19 29507112
2011 Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in early rheumatoid arthritis. Modern rheumatology 19 21732051
2011 The fine specificity of IgM anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) is different from that of IgG ACPA. Arthritis research & therapy 19 22129077
2020 Distinctive Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of ILD-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis and ACPA-Positive ILD: a Longitudinal Cohort of 282 Cases. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 18 33170478
2019 Rheumatoid arthritis-relevant DNA methylation changes identified in ACPA-positive asymptomatic individuals using methylome capture sequencing. Clinical epigenetics 18 31366403
2017 Variable domain glycosylation of ACPA-IgG: A missing link in the maturation of the ACPA response? Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 18 28882619
2017 ACPA and JWH-133 modulate the vascular tone of superior mesenteric arteries through cannabinoid receptors, BKCa channels, and nitric oxide dependent mechanisms. Pharmacological reports : PR 18 29128791
2016 MRI-detected osteitis is not associated with the presence or level of ACPA alone, but with the combined presence of ACPA and RF. Arthritis research & therapy 18 27485323
2018 L(3)mbt and the LINT complex safeguard cellular identity in the Drosophila ovary. Development (Cambridge, England) 17 29511022
1999 Anti-PR-3 antibodies induce endothelial IL-8 release. European journal of clinical investigation 17 10583443
2023 Patients with ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis show different serological autoantibody repertoires and autoantibody associations with disease activity. Scientific reports 16 37005480
2021 Predictive value of anti-CarP and anti-PAD3 antibodies alone or in combination with RF and ACPA for the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 16 33502443
2019 Detection of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) in saliva for rheumatoid arthritis using DBA mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Archives of oral biology 16 31446118
2021 Tenosynovitis has a high sensitivity for early ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA: a large cross-sectional MRI study. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 15 33547063
2021 Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and Rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical relevance. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma 15 34926155
2016 SFMBT2 (Scm-like with four mbt domains 2) negatively regulates cell migration and invasion in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 15 27340776
2014 Chromatin reader L(3)mbt requires the Myb-MuvB/DREAM transcriptional regulatory complex for chromosomal recruitment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 15 25249635
2025 PRTN3 promotes IL33/Treg-mediated tumor immunosuppression by enhancing the M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer letters 14 39993649
2023 PRTN3 variant correlates with increased autoantigen levels and relapse risk in PR3-ANCA versus MPO-ANCA disease. JCI insight 14 36626226
2022 Evaluation of the immune feature of ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis and the clinical value of matrix metalloproteinase-3. Frontiers in immunology 14 35967336
2022 Pr3+ doped NaYF4 and LiYF4 nanocrystals combining visible-to-UVC upconversion and NIR-to-NIR-II downconversion luminescence emissions for biomedical applications. Nanoscale 14 36178268
1998 Characterization and localization of the genes for mouse proteinase-3 (Prtn3) and neutrophil elastase (Ela2). Cytogenetics and cell genetics 14 9925946
2025 Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting (La,Pr)3Ni2O7/SrLaAlO4 heterostructures. National science review 13 41040500
2017 Rheumatoid factors do not preferentially bind to ACPA-IgG or IgG with altered galactosylation. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 13 28977504
2001 Resolution, configurational assignment, and enantiopharmacology at glutamate receptors of 2-amino-3-(3-carboxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (ACPA) and demethyl-ACPA. Chirality 13 11579444
2023 Should ACR/EULAR criteria be revised changing the RF and ACPA scores? Autoimmunity reviews 12 37633353
2015 Fingerprinting of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA): specificity, isotypes and subclasses. Lupus 12 25801886

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