Affinage

PRAME

Melanoma antigen preferentially expressed in tumors · UniProt P78395

Length
509 aa
Mass
57.9 kDa
Annotated
2026-06-10
100 papers in source corpus 16 papers cited in narrative 16 extracted findings
Cross-family judge vs UniProt: tie faithfulness: 6/6 claims corpus-supported (100%)

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

PRAME is a cancer-testis antigen that operates as the substrate-recognition receptor of a CRL2 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex (Cullin2–RBX1–EloB–PRAME), directing ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the tumor suppressor p14/ARF; loss of PRAME stabilizes p14/ARF and arrests cells at G2/M, establishing a direct route by which PRAME supports cancer cell cycle progression (PMID:33504946). As a ubiquitin ligase subunit, PRAME also ubiquitinates the cohesin subunit SMC1A, and its ectopic expression in somatic cells drives DNA double-strand breaks, telomere dysfunction, and aneuploidy while sensitizing cells to PARP1/2 inhibition (PMID:38030788). In parallel, PRAME directly interacts with and negatively regulates EZH2, controlling PRC2 target gene programs; in BCR-ABL-positive leukemia it acts upstream of EZH2 to repress TRAIL transcription, and in diffuse large B cell lymphoma its loss represses PRC2-regulated genes (PMID:20838376, PMID:35380993). Functionally, PRAME promotes proliferation, survival, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and suppresses anti-tumor immunity by elevating immune checkpoints including PD-1, PD-L1, LAG3, and VISTA (PMID:21550659, PMID:30602372, PMID:34612587). PRAME expression is governed epigenetically by promoter DNA hypomethylation and transcriptionally by the activator MZF1, which binds a CpG-rich region in intron 1 (PMID:17382387, PMID:27322684, PMID:28634046). A proteasome-processed PRAME peptide (ALYVDSLFFL, residues 300–309) is presented on HLA-A*02:01, with immunoproteasome activity enhancing surface display, providing the basis for PRAME-directed immune targeting (PMID:28628042).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 2007 Medium

    Establishing how PRAME becomes aberrantly expressed in cancer, this work showed its silencing is enforced by DNA methylation, reframing PRAME as an epigenetically controlled cancer-testis antigen.

    Evidence bisulfite sequencing, methylation-specific PCR, and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia lines

    PMID:17382387

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the transcription factors acting on the demethylated locus
    • Limited to leukemia context
  2. 2010 Medium

    The first mechanistic link to gene repression placed PRAME upstream of EZH2 in silencing the pro-apoptotic gene TRAIL, connecting PRAME to PRC2-mediated transcriptional control.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown of PRAME/EZH2 plus EZH2 ChIP on the TRAIL promoter in BCR-ABL-positive cells

    PMID:20838376

    Open questions at the time
    • Did not demonstrate direct PRAME-EZH2 physical interaction
    • Mechanism of EZH2 recruitment to the promoter unresolved
  3. 2011 Medium

    Loss-of-function in leukemia cells defined PRAME's cellular role as supporting proliferation and survival, motivating mechanistic dissection of how it does so.

    Evidence siRNA knockdown with flow cytometric cell cycle and proliferation/apoptosis assays in K562 cells

    PMID:21550659

    Open questions at the time
    • Phenotype not mechanistically linked to a molecular target
    • Single cell line
  4. 2016 Medium

    Extending the epigenetic regulation model to solid tumors confirmed promoter hypomethylation as a general driver of PRAME expression beyond leukemia.

    Evidence DNMT inhibitor treatment and genetic DNMT knockdown with methylation and expression readouts in epithelial ovarian cancer

    PMID:27322684

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not address transcriptional activators
    • Correlative methylation-expression link
  5. 2017 Medium

    Two studies clarified how PRAME is transcriptionally activated and immunologically displayed: MZF1 was shown to directly bind and activate PRAME, and the ALY peptide was shown to be proteasome-processed and HLA-A2-presented.

    Evidence ChIP and ectopic MZF1 expression with demethylation (Cancer Letters); TCR-mimic antibody binding, immunoproteasome induction, and xenografts (JCI)

    PMID:28628042 PMID:28634046

    Open questions at the time
    • MZF1 not shown to be sufficient for full expression independent of methylation state
    • Epitope presentation studied for a single HLA allele
  6. 2019 Medium

    Gain- and loss-of-function in triple-negative breast cancer connected PRAME to a defined EMT transcriptional program, linking it to invasion and metastatic potential.

    Evidence reciprocal TNBC cell models with migration/invasion assays and EMT gene expression profiling

    PMID:30602372

    Open questions at the time
    • Does not identify the direct molecular mechanism upstream of the EMT genes
    • Correlative gene expression changes
  7. 2020 Medium

    An in vivo knockout established a physiological role for PRAME in spermatogenesis, tied to retinoic acid receptor signaling, supporting its broader proposed role in modulating RA pathways.

    Evidence conditional X-linked Prame knockout mouse with histology, germ cell markers, TUNEL, and sperm counts

    PMID:32017313

    Open questions at the time
    • RAR signaling disruption inferred from phenotype rather than directly measured
    • Relevance to cancer RA signaling not demonstrated
  8. 2021 High

    The defining biochemical advance identified PRAME as the substrate-recognition subunit of a CRL2 E3 ligase targeting p14/ARF, providing a direct enzymatic mechanism for PRAME-driven cell cycle progression.

    Evidence RBX1 interaction proteomics, Co-IP, in vivo ubiquitination assay, and siRNA rescue epistasis with p14/ARF

    PMID:33504946

    Open questions at the time
    • Full substrate repertoire of the PRAME-CRL2 complex not defined
    • Structural basis of substrate recognition unresolved
  9. 2022 Medium

    Two studies expanded PRAME's regulatory reach: a direct PRAME-EZH2 physical interaction was demonstrated in lymphoma, and PRAME was shown to suppress T cell activation by elevating immune checkpoints.

    Evidence isogenic PRAME-KO lymphoma lines with interaction studies and EZH2 inhibitor treatment in vivo (JCI); T cell/cancer co-culture with checkpoint and cytokine profiling (J Cell Mol Med)

    PMID:34612587 PMID:35380993

    Open questions at the time
    • Domain mediating PRAME-EZH2 binding not mapped
    • Mechanism linking PRAME to checkpoint induction not biochemically defined
  10. 2023 Medium

    Multiple studies extended PRAME's oncogenic mechanism to genome instability via SMC1A ubiquitination, to growth/EMT signaling through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin, and to upstream control by Gas6/Axl/MAPK signaling and a CCAR1 interaction.

    Evidence PRAME overexpression with SMC1A ubiquitination and DNA damage/PARP-sensitivity assays (Oncogene); pathway inhibitor rescue in LSCC and cervical cancer; RNA-seq and proteomics in HCC

    PMID:36910848 PMID:36980687 PMID:37173882 PMID:38030788

    Open questions at the time
    • PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt activation inferred from inhibitor rescue without direct biochemical reconstitution
    • CCAR1 interaction not functionally validated
    • Whether SMC1A ubiquitination occurs via the CRL2-PRAME complex not explicitly linked

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • It remains unresolved how PRAME's distinct activities—CRL2 substrate receptor, EZH2 binding partner, and signaling node—are integrated within a single protein, and which are direct versus downstream consequences.
  • No structural model of PRAME bound to substrate or EZH2
  • Complete substrate/interactor map of PRAME-CRL2 lacking
  • Causal hierarchy among p14/ARF, EZH2, SMC1A, and signaling phenotypes undefined

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0016874 ligase activity 2 GO:0098772 molecular function regulator activity 2 GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle 2 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 2 R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins 2 R-HSA-4839726 Chromatin organization 2
Partners
CCAR1CUL2EZH2RBX1SMC1A
Complex memberships
CRL2 (Cullin2-RBX1-EloB-PRAME) E3 ubiquitin ligase

Evidence

Reading pass · 16 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2010 PRAME suppresses TRAIL expression in BCR-ABL-positive leukemia cells through a mechanism involving EZH2. PRAME knockdown by RNA interference restores TRAIL expression, and EZH2 binding to the TRAIL promoter is lost after PRAME knockdown, indicating PRAME acts upstream of EZH2 to repress TRAIL transcription. siRNA knockdown of PRAME and EZH2 in BCR-ABL-positive cell lines, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of EZH2 on TRAIL promoter, RT-PCR expression analysis Oncogene Medium 20838376
2021 PRAME functions as the substrate-recognition receptor of the CRL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (Cullin2-RBX1-EloB-PRAME), targeting the tumor suppressor p14/ARF for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of PRAME stabilizes p14/ARF and induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, which is rescued by simultaneous knockdown of p14/ARF. Proteomic analysis of RBX1-interacting proteins, co-immunoprecipitation, in vivo ubiquitination assay, siRNA screening, cell cycle analysis, genetic rescue experiment Cell death and differentiation High 33504946
2023 PRAME acts as a CUL2 ubiquitin ligase subunit that, when expressed in somatic cells, upregulates meiosis/DNA repair pathways, increases DNA double-strand breaks, causes telomere dysfunction and aneuploidy. This is mediated at least partly through ubiquitination of SMC1A and altered cohesin function. PRAME expression also renders cells susceptible to PARP1/2 inhibition. PRAME overexpression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, pathway analysis, SMC1A ubiquitination assay, DNA damage assays (DSB, telomere dysfunction), PARP inhibitor sensitivity assays Oncogene Medium 38030788
2007 PRAME expression in chronic myeloid leukemia is regulated by DNA methylation: hypomethylation of the PRAME gene (CpG sites in exon 2) correlates with elevated PRAME transcript levels, and treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restores PRAME expression in non-expressing cell lines. Bisulfite sequencing, methylation-specific PCR, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, RT-PCR Leukemia research Medium 17382387
2016 PRAME promoter DNA hypomethylation is a key mechanism regulating PRAME expression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Pharmacologic or genetic disruption of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes activated PRAME expression in EOC cells. DNMT inhibitor treatment, genetic DNMT knockdown, promoter methylation analysis, qPCR expression analysis Oncotarget Medium 27322684
2017 The transcription factor MZF1 upregulates PRAME expression by directly binding to MZF1 binding sites overlapping a CpG-rich region in PRAME intron 1. DNA demethylation with 5-azaC enhances MZF1 binding to PRAME DNA and further potentiates PRAME expression. In silico promoter analysis, ectopic MZF1 expression, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, chromatin immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR and Western blot Cancer letters Medium 28634046
2011 siRNA-mediated knockdown of PRAME in the K562 leukemia cell line suppresses proliferation, induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and causes apoptosis, indicating PRAME supports cell cycle progression and survival in leukemic cells. siRNA knockdown, flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, proliferation assays Leukemia research Medium 21550659
2019 PRAME promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increases migration and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cells. PRAME overexpression upregulates SNAI1, TWIST1, TCF4, FOXC2, MMP2, MMP3, and WNT11 while downregulating BMP7, and alters expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and ZEB1. Gain- and loss-of-function TNBC cell line models, migration/invasion assays, gene expression profiling, qRT-PCR Journal of translational medicine Medium 30602372
2022 PRAME overexpression in breast cancer cells inhibits T cell activation and cytolytic potential through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators of T cell activation. PRAME silencing reduces expression of immune checkpoints PD-1, LAG3, PD-L1, CD86, Gal-9, and VISTA, and induces cancer cell killing comparable to anti-PD-L1 treatment. Direct and indirect T cell/cancer cell co-culture models, PRAME overexpression and silencing, immune checkpoint expression analysis, cytokine profiling Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Medium 34612587
2017 PRAME-derived peptide ALYVDSLFFL (ALY, residues 300–309) is processed by the proteasome and presented on the cell surface in complex with HLA-A*02:01. The immunoproteasome (induced by IFN-γ via upregulation of β5i subunit) reduces internal destructive cleavages within the ALY epitope compared to the constitutive proteasome, increasing surface presentation of the peptide/HLA complex. TCR mimic antibody (Pr20) binding assays, IFN-γ treatment, immunoproteasome induction, HLA-A2+/PRAME+ cancer cell line experiments, mouse xenograft models The Journal of clinical investigation High 28628042
2022 PRAME directly interacts with EZH2 and acts as a negative regulator of EZH2 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. PRAME knockout in lymphoma cell lines leads to repression of PRC2-regulated genes, and EZH2 inhibition with EPZ-6438 restores PRAME expression and tumor microenvironment in vivo. Isogenic PRAME-KO lymphoma cell lines, gene expression profiling, protein-protein interaction studies (PRAME-EZH2 interaction), EZH2 inhibitor treatment in vivo The Journal of clinical investigation Medium 35380993
2020 Deletion of the X-linked mouse Prame gene reduces testis size and sperm count and increases germ cell apoptosis, with phenotypes including Sertoli-cell-only tubules and germ cell arrest at the spermatogonia stage, consistent with disruption of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling by PRAME depletion. Conditional knockout mouse, histology, immunofluorescence with germ cell markers, TUNEL assay, sperm count Molecular reproduction and development Medium 32017313
2023 PRAME promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells at least partially by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. HDAC5 was identified as an upstream regulator of PRAME expression. qRT-PCR, functional in vitro assays (proliferation, migration, invasion), in vivo xenograft, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway analysis, HDAC5 expression manipulation Open medicine Low 36910848
2023 PRAME promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and prevents G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PRAME-overexpressing effects are partly reversed by the Wnt inhibitor MSAB both in vitro and in vivo. siRNA knockdown and overexpression in cervical cancer cell lines, CCK-8/BrdU/scratch/transwell assays, flow cytometry, xenograft mouse model, Wnt inhibitor MSAB treatment Cancers Low 36980687
2023 PRAME is a downstream target of Gas6/Axl/MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Axl signaling or MAPK/ERK1/2 inhibition reduces PRAME expression, and PRAME levels are associated with a mesenchymal-like phenotype promoting cell migration and invasion. PRAME interacts with pro-oncogenic protein CCAR1. RNA-seq of Gas6-stimulated Axl-proficient vs. Axl-deficient HCC cells, gain/loss-of-function, proteomics, 2D migration and 3D invasion assays Cancers Medium 37173882
2018 MSX2 regulates PRAME expression as part of a transcriptional program driving mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). MSX2 genetic deletion impairs hPSC differentiation into MSCs, and MSX2 induces MSC formation by regulating TWIST1 and PRAME. Genetic deletion of MSX2, ectopic MSX2 expression, hPSC differentiation assays, gene expression analysis Stem cell reports Low 30033084

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 100 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2018 PRAME Expression in Melanocytic Tumors. The American journal of surgical pathology 321 30045064
2016 PRAME as an Independent Biomarker for Metastasis in Uveal Melanoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 231 26933176
2008 PRAME expression and clinical outcome of breast cancer. British journal of cancer 105 18648365
2017 PRAME as a Potential Target for Immunotherapy in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. JAMA ophthalmology 95 28448663
2020 The role of the cancer testis antigen PRAME in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy in human cancer. Cell proliferation 93 32022332
2020 PRAME expression in melanocytic proliferations with intermediate histopathologic or spitzoid features. Journal of cutaneous pathology 93 32700786
2016 Cancer-testis antigen expression in synovial sarcoma: NY-ESO-1, PRAME, MAGEA4, and MAGEA1. Human pathology 93 27993576
2022 PRAME Expression in Cancer. A Systematic Immunohistochemical Study of >5800 Epithelial and Nonepithelial Tumors. The American journal of surgical pathology 90 35973038
2019 Cancer Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy: Where Do We Stand in the Targeting of PRAME? Cancers 90 31311081
2016 PRAME expression and promoter hypomethylation in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 82 27322684
2010 Leucine-rich repeat protein PRAME: expression, potential functions and clinical implications for leukaemia. Molecular cancer 78 20799951
2017 A therapeutic T cell receptor mimic antibody targets tumor-associated PRAME peptide/HLA-I antigens. The Journal of clinical investigation 73 28628042
2012 Expression of MAGE-A3, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1 and PRAME in urothelial carcinoma. British journal of cancer 71 22596240
2008 Expression patterns of WT1 and PRAME in acute myeloid leukemia patients and their usefulness for monitoring minimal residual disease. Leukemia research 69 18950857
2018 Adoptive Immunotherapy Using PRAME-Specific T Cells in Medulloblastoma. Cancer research 66 29615432
2017 Overexpressed PRAME is a potential immunotherapy target in sarcoma subtypes. Clinical sarcoma research 66 28630682
2021 PRAME immunohistochemistry as an adjunct for diagnosis and histological margin assessment in lentigo maligna. Histopathology 61 33280156
2018 MSX2 Initiates and Accelerates Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Specification of hPSCs by Regulating TWIST1 and PRAME. Stem cell reports 61 30033084
2019 PRAME promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer. Journal of translational medicine 55 30602372
2005 Duplication and positive selection among hominin-specific PRAME genes. BMC genomics 53 16159394
2021 The utility of PRAME staining in identifying malignant transformation of melanocytic nevi. Journal of cutaneous pathology 52 33433032
2021 PRAME Immunohistochemistry as an Ancillary Test for the Assessment of Melanocytic Lesions. Surgical pathology clinics 52 34023098
2020 PRAME expression in 155 cases of metastatic melanoma. Journal of cutaneous pathology 51 32939793
2007 Epigenetic regulation of PRAME gene in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia research 51 17382387
2010 BCR-ABL-mediated upregulation of PRAME is responsible for knocking down TRAIL in CML patients. Oncogene 48 20838376
2019 The immune microenvironment and expression of PD-L1, PD-1, PRAME and MHC I in salivary duct carcinoma. Histopathology 46 31237963
2019 Analyses of molecular and histopathologic features and expression of PRAME by immunohistochemistry in mucosal melanomas. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 45 31375769
2011 The expansion of the PRAME gene family in Eutheria. PloS one 42 21347312
2011 Inhibition of PRAME expression causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in leukemic cells. Leukemia research 37 21550659
2025 Autologous T cell therapy for PRAME+ advanced solid tumors in HLA-A*02+ patients: a phase 1 trial. Nature medicine 36 40205198
2021 The PRAME family of cancer testis antigens is essential for germline development and gametogenesis†. Biology of reproduction 36 33880503
2017 Tumor antigen PRAME is up-regulated by MZF1 in cooperation with DNA hypomethylation in melanoma cells. Cancer letters 36 28634046
2022 PRAME Immunoexpression in 275 Cutaneous Melanocytic Lesions: A Double Institutional Experience. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 35 36140597
2022 PRAME is a useful marker for the differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumours and histological mimics. Histopathology 33 36200756
2018 PRAME and HLA Class I expression patterns make synovial sarcoma a suitable target for PRAME specific T-cell receptor gene therapy. Oncoimmunology 33 30524904
2018 Expression of NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A3, PRAME and WT1 in different subgroups of breast cancer: An indication to immunotherapy? Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) 32 30189381
2021 Cancer testis antigen PRAME: An anti-cancer target with immunomodulatory potential. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 31 34612587
2023 Therapeutic targeting of PRAME with mTCRCAR T cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood advances 30 35984639
2022 Comparative Analysis of PRAME Expression in 127 Acral and Nail Melanocytic Lesions. The American journal of surgical pathology 30 35275883
2016 PRAME is critical for breast cancer growth and metastasis. Gene 30 27632898
2023 Immunohistochemistry for PRAME in Dermatopathology. The American Journal of dermatopathology 29 37856737
2019 Relationship between clinical features, GEP class, and PRAME expression in uveal melanoma. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 29 31065847
2023 PRAME induces genomic instability in uveal melanoma. Oncogene 28 38030788
2022 PRAME Expression in Challenging Dermal Melanocytic Neoplasms and Soft Tissue Tumors With Melanocytic Differentiation. The American Journal of dermatopathology 28 34991102
2022 PRAME expression in melanocytic lesions of the nail. Journal of cutaneous pathology 27 35294053
2022 Diagnostic utility of PRAME, p53 and 5-hmC immunostaining for distinguishing melanomas from naevi, neurofibromas, scars and other histological mimics. Pathology 27 35987723
2010 Expression of MCSP and PRAME in conjunctival melanoma. The British journal of ophthalmology 26 20805128
2022 T-Cells Expressing a Highly Potent PRAME-Specific T-Cell Receptor in Combination with a Chimeric PD1-41BB Co-Stimulatory Receptor Show a Favorable Preclinical Safety Profile and Strong Anti-Tumor Reactivity. Cancers 25 35454906
2021 Tumor-associated antigen Prame targets tumor suppressor p14/ARF for degradation as the  receptor protein of CRL2Prame complex. Cell death and differentiation 25 33504946
2021 Immunohistochemical Detection of Cancer-Testis Antigen PRAME. International journal of surgical pathology 25 33890816
2023 PRAME immunohistochemistry in soft tissue tumors and mimics: a study of 350 cases highlighting its imperfect specificity but potentially useful diagnostic applications. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 24 37477762
2022 HMB45/PRAME, a Novel Double Staining for the Diagnosis of Melanocytic Neoplasms: Technical Aspects, Results, and Comparison With Other Commercially Available Staining (PRAME and Melan A/PRAME). Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM 24 34508017
2022 PRAME expression in spindle cell melanoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, and other cutaneous sarcomatoid neoplasms: a comparative analysis. Histopathology 24 36102613
2016 Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) and the PRAME Family of Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins. Current cancer drug targets 24 26694250
2023 Potential diagnostic utility of PRAME and p16 immunohistochemistry in melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma. Journal of cutaneous pathology 23 37114299
2023 WT1 and PRAME RNA-loaded dendritic cell vaccine as maintenance therapy in de novo AML after intensive induction chemotherapy. Leukemia 23 37507426
2020 WT1, PRAME, and PR3 mRNA Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) 23 32502139
2022 Tumor-associated antigen PRAME exhibits dualistic functions that are targetable in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The Journal of clinical investigation 22 35380993
2021 PRAME expression in melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. Histopathology 22 34268800
2003 The expression of PRAME in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Leukemia research 22 12620290
2023 PRAME Expression in Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck Region. The American journal of surgical pathology 20 36912431
2023 PRAME Expression Is a Useful Tool in the Diagnosis of Primary and Metastatic Dedifferentiated and Undifferentiated Melanoma. The American journal of surgical pathology 20 37727938
2022 Diagnostic utility of PRAME expression by immunohistochemistry in subungual and non-subungual acral melanocytic lesions. Journal of cutaneous pathology 20 35794643
2022 SOX2 and PRAME in the "reprogramming" of seminoma cells. Pathology, research and practice 20 35930824
2022 Immunohistochemical Expression of Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) in the Uninvolved Background Testis, Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ, and Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis. American journal of clinical pathology 19 34864837
2022 Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) and Human Malignant Melanoma: A Retrospective Study. Genes 19 35328098
2019 PRAME as a Potential Biomarker for Liver Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. Annals of surgical oncology 19 31659640
2015 PRAME Expression and Its Clinical Relevance in Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Acta haematologica 19 26044287
2022 PRAME Expression Correlates With Genomic Aberration and Malignant Diagnosis of Spitzoid Melanocytic Neoplasms. The American Journal of dermatopathology 18 35503885
2022 PRAME immunostain expression in sebaceous lesions, cutaneous carcinomas and adnexal structures. Pathology 18 35644638
2017 PRAME Gene Copy Number Variation Is Related to Its Expression in Multiple Myeloma. DNA and cell biology 18 28953414
2023 PRAME and CTCFL-reactive TCRs for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Frontiers in immunology 17 37026005
2022 Cyclin D1 and PRAME expression in distinguishing melanoma in situ from benign melanocytic proliferation of the nail unit. Diagnostic pathology 17 35484605
2020 RNA expression profiling reveals PRAME, a potential immunotherapy target, is frequently expressed in solitary fibrous tumors. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 17 33009490
2023 PRAME expression in cutaneous melanoma does not correlate with disease-specific survival. Journal of cutaneous pathology 16 37430414
2013 PRAME/EZH2-mediated regulation of TRAIL: a new target for cancer therapy. Current molecular medicine 16 23228130
2023 PRAME Is a Novel Target of Tumor-Intrinsic Gas6/Axl Activation and Promotes Cancer Cell Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers 15 37173882
2022 PRAME Staining in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: A Single-Center Experience. Head and neck pathology 15 36586078
2016 PRAME overexpression predicted good outcome in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy. Leukemia research 15 27875783
2023 PRAME Promotes Cervical Cancer Proliferation and Migration via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Regulation. Cancers 14 36980687
2022 PRAME Immuno-Expression in Cutaneous Sebaceous Carcinoma: A Single Institutional Experience. Journal of clinical medicine 14 36498511
2020 Aberrant expression of HMB45 and negative PRAME expression in halo nevi. Journal of cutaneous pathology 14 33184871
2024 Targeting PRAME for acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Frontiers in immunology 13 38596687
2023 HDAC5-mediated PRAME regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 12 36910848
2022 PRAME Immunocytochemistry for the Diagnosis of Melanoma Metastases in Cytological Samples. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 12 35328198
2021 In Silico Design and Evaluation of PRAME+FliCΔD2D3 as a New Breast Cancer Vaccine Candidate. Iranian journal of medical sciences 12 33487792
2019 PRAME Expression as a Potential Biomarker for Hematogenous Recurrence of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anticancer research 12 31704819
2023 Diagnostic utility of combining PRAME and HMB-45 stains in primary melanocytic tumors. Annals of diagnostic pathology 11 37717457
2023 PRAME expression by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription quantitative PCR in conjunctival melanocytic lesions-a comprehensive clinicopathologic study of 202 cases and correlation of cytogenetics with PRAME expression in challenging conjunctival melanocytic lesions. Human pathology 10 36804828
2023 PRAME Immunohistochemical Expression and TERT Promoter Mutational Analysis as Ancillary Diagnostic Tools for Differentiating Proliferative Nodules From Melanoma Arising in Congenital Nevi. The American Journal of dermatopathology 10 37338065
2022 PRAME Expression as Helpful Immunohistochemical Marker in Rhabdoid Melanoma. Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) 10 35645230
2021 PRAME expression in cellular neurothekeoma: A study of 11 cases. Journal of cutaneous pathology 10 34761425
2020 Deletion of the mouse X-linked Prame gene causes germ cell reduction in spermatogenesis. Molecular reproduction and development 10 32017313
2019 Evaluation of cancer testis antigen (CT10, PRAME) and MHC I expression in high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 10 31485721
2024 PRAME Expression in Merkel Cell Carcinoma. The American journal of surgical pathology 9 38992873
2024 T Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibodies Targeting gp100 and PRAME: Expanding Application from Uveal Melanoma to Cutaneous Melanoma. Pharmaceutics 9 39204391
2023 Standardized Computer-Assisted Analysis of PRAME Immunoreactivity in Dysplastic Nevi and Superficial Spreading Melanomas. International journal of molecular sciences 9 37047361
2023 Intrinsic disorder in PRAME and its role in uveal melanoma. Cell communication and signaling : CCS 9 37626310
2024 Analysis of PRAME immunocytochemistry in 109 acral malignant melanoma in situ. Journal of clinical pathology 8 36882315
2023 Immunohistochemical expression of PRAME in 485 cases of epithelial tubo-ovarian tumors. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology 8 37610627

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