Affinage

PODXL

Podocalyxin · UniProt O00592

Round 2 corrected
Length
558 aa
Mass
58.6 kDa
Annotated
2026-04-28
130 papers in source corpus 13 papers cited in narrative 13 extracted findings

Mechanistic narrative

Synthesis pass · prose summary of the discoveries below

Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a transmembrane sialomucin that functions as a multivalent regulator of cell adhesion, polarity, and cytoskeletal organization across diverse cell types. Its cytoplasmic C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (DTHL) nucleates a tripartite complex with the scaffold NHERF2 and the ERM-family linker ezrin, coupling PODXL to the cortical actin cytoskeleton; disruption of this complex accompanies podocyte foot-process effacement in nephrotic disease models, and conditional endothelial deletion shows that PODXL restrains RhoA activity to maintain vascular barrier integrity and VE-cadherin junction recovery after thrombin challenge (PMID:11457882, PMID:27289182). PODXL acts as an anti-adhesive charge-barrier that prevents cell–cell aggregation, establishes the preapical membrane domain in polarizing epithelia through its PDZ-binding motif and NHERF2 interaction, and serves as an L-selectin ligand on high endothelial venules to support lymphocyte rolling (PMID:15642748, PMID:9625756, PMID:18818395). A homozygous frameshift mutation in PODXL causes autosomal-recessive juvenile parkinsonism, and loss of PODXL impairs neurite branching in differentiated PC12 cells, establishing a requirement for neural process morphogenesis (PMID:26864383).

Mechanistic history

Synthesis pass · year-by-year structured walk · 10 steps
  1. 1998 High

    Identifying PODXL as an L-selectin ligand on HEV established it as a functional sialomucin mediating leukocyte tethering and rolling, resolving the molecular identity of a key lymphocyte-homing receptor.

    Evidence Purified HEV-derived PODXL bound recombinant L-selectin and supported lymphocyte rolling under physiological flow in vitro

    PMID:9625756

    Open questions at the time
    • Contribution relative to other HEV sialomucins (GlyCAM-1, CD34) not dissected
    • In vivo lymphocyte homing dependence on PODXL not tested
  2. 2001 High

    Demonstration that PODXL links to actin via an NHERF2/ezrin scaffold through its C-terminal PDZ-binding motif provided the first mechanistic explanation for how the extracellular mucin domain is transduced to cytoskeletal architecture in podocytes.

    Evidence Yeast two-hybrid, pull-down, co-IP, and immunocytochemistry in normal and puromycin aminonucleoside-treated rat podocytes

    PMID:11457882

    Open questions at the time
    • Stoichiometry and direct vs. indirect binding within the trimeric complex not resolved
    • Whether other ERM proteins substitute for ezrin not tested
  3. 2004 Medium

    Gain-of-function in MCF-7 cells revealed that PODXL overexpression directly disrupts cell–cell junctions and promotes cell detachment, establishing an intrinsic anti-adhesive activity relevant to tumor cell shedding.

    Evidence Forced overexpression in MCF-7 breast carcinoma monolayers with junction analysis and shedding quantification

    PMID:15289306

    Open questions at the time
    • Anti-adhesive mechanism (charge repulsion vs. signaling) not distinguished
    • Relevance to endogenous expression levels in primary tumors uncertain
  4. 2005 High

    RNAi depletion and domain-deletion studies in MDCK cells demonstrated that PODXL and its PDZ-binding motif are required for apical membrane identity before tight-junction formation, extending its role from podocyte architecture to general epithelial polarity.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown and C-terminal deletion mutagenesis in polarizing MDCK cells with immunofluorescence

    PMID:15642748

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PODXL instructs or merely marks the preapical domain not fully resolved
    • Downstream effectors beyond NHERF2 not identified
  5. 2008 Medium

    PODXL was shown to prevent cell–cell aggregation in mesenchymal stem cells and to mark high-clonogenicity progenitors with enhanced in vivo homing capacity, broadening its anti-adhesive role beyond epithelia.

    Evidence RNAi knockdown aggregation phenotype in MSCs; FACS-sorted PODXL-high cells showed improved clonogenicity and homing to infarcted heart in mice

    PMID:18818395

    Open questions at the time
    • Homing mechanism (selectin-based vs. charge-based) not dissected
    • Single study without independent replication
  6. 2016 High

    Conditional endothelial knockout revealed that PODXL maintains vascular barrier integrity by restraining RhoA activation, facilitating VE-cadherin junction recovery, and limiting stress-fiber persistence after inflammatory challenge.

    Evidence Endothelial-specific Podxl conditional KO mice with dextran permeability, macrophage transmigration, RhoA pull-down, and VE-cadherin imaging

    PMID:27289182

    Open questions at the time
    • Direct molecular link between PODXL and RhoA inhibition not identified
    • Whether the NHERF2/ezrin complex mediates this endothelial function not tested
  7. 2016 Medium

    A homozygous frameshift loss-of-function mutation in PODXL was identified as causal for autosomal-recessive juvenile parkinsonism, and mutant constructs impaired neurite branching in PC12 cells, establishing a neuronal requirement.

    Evidence Whole-exome sequencing with Sanger-confirmed segregation; functional rescue in differentiated PC12 cells

    PMID:26864383

    Open questions at the time
    • Mechanism by which PODXL regulates neurite morphology unknown
    • Single family — genetic finding awaits replication in independent cohorts
  8. 2016 Medium

    PODXL was identified as the carrier of major pluripotency surface epitopes (TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM2) and shown to be transcriptionally activated by KLF4 during reprogramming, connecting its expression to the pluripotency network.

    Evidence Expression analysis during reprogramming, KLF4 overexpression, antibody-mediated cytotoxicity in hPSCs

    PMID:26886504

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether KLF4 directly binds the PODXL promoter not determined
    • Functional role of PODXL in pluripotency maintenance versus as a passive marker not resolved
  9. 2016 Medium

    Post-transcriptional regulation of PODXL by miR-5100 was established, linking PODXL expression levels to pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion.

    Evidence 3′UTR luciferase reporter, miR-5100 overexpression, siRNA knockdown with Transwell migration/invasion assays

    PMID:26892887

    Open questions at the time
    • In vivo metastasis dependence on PODXL not tested
    • Signal transduction downstream of PODXL in migration not delineated
  10. 2021 Medium

    ChIP-confirmed direct transcriptional regulation of PODXL by TCF3 in spermatogonial stem cells, with PODXL knockdown compromising SSC proliferation and survival, placed PODXL in the SSC self-renewal program.

    Evidence ChIP of TCF3 at PODXL promoter, siRNA knockdown of PODXL, proliferation and apoptosis assays in human SSCs

    PMID:34422820

    Open questions at the time
    • Whether PODXL acts via anti-adhesion or distinct signaling in SSCs is unknown
    • Single study without in vivo validation

Open questions

Synthesis pass · forward-looking unresolved questions
  • The direct molecular mechanism by which PODXL restrains RhoA activity in endothelial cells and the structural basis of its cytoplasmic interactions remain unresolved.
  • No structural model of the PODXL cytoplasmic domain or its NHERF2 complex
  • Mechanism linking PODXL to RhoA inhibition not identified
  • Whether PODXL neuronal and endothelial functions share a common NHERF2/ezrin-dependent mechanism is untested

Mechanism profile

Synthesis pass · controlled-vocabulary classification · explore literature graph →
Molecular activity
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity 4 GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity 1
Localization
GO:0005886 plasma membrane 4 GO:0005856 cytoskeleton 2
Pathway
R-HSA-1500931 Cell-Cell communication 4 R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction 1 R-HSA-168256 Immune System 1
Partners
EZRKLF4L-SELECTINNHERF2TCF3VE-CADHERIN

Evidence

Reading pass · 13 per-paper findings extracted from the source corpus
Year Finding Method Journal Conf PMIDs
2001 Podocalyxin (PC) is linked to the actin cytoskeleton via a tripartite complex with NHERF2 (a PDZ-domain scaffold protein) and ezrin (an ERM-family linker). The cytoplasmic tail of PC contains a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (DTHL) that binds specifically to the second PDZ domain of NHERF2, as demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays. PC, NHERF2, and ezrin co-immunoprecipitate, forming a multimeric complex. This PC/NHERF2/ezrin/actin interaction is disrupted in glomerular epithelial cells from puromycin aminonucleoside-, protamine sulfate-, or sialidase-treated rats that show loss of foot processes, establishing that this complex is required for maintaining podocyte architecture. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, disease model (puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis) The Journal of clinical investigation High 11457882
1998 Podocalyxin-like protein (PCLP) expressed on high endothelial venules (HEV) functions as a ligand for L-selectin, supporting lymphocyte tethering and rolling under physiological flow conditions in vitro. Purified HEV-derived PCLP bound recombinant L-selectin and the HEV-specific monoclonal antibody MECA-79, demonstrating its role as a sialomucin-type adhesion molecule for leukocyte homing. Protein purification from HEV, recombinant L-selectin binding assay, flow-based lymphocyte rolling assay, MECA-79 immunoreactivity The Journal of experimental medicine High 9625756
2003 The human embryonal carcinoma tumor antigen gp200 (also known as GCTM-2) was identified as podocalyxin by peptide mass spectrometry and confirmed by reactivity of two distinct anti-podocalyxin monoclonal antibodies, establishing that podocalyxin is expressed on malignant testicular germ cell tumors and is the molecular identity of these previously characterized cancer antigens. Protein sequence analysis of gp200 peptides by mass spectrometry, immunoreactivity with two distinct anti-podocalyxin monoclonal antibodies Biochemical and biophysical research communications High 12504081
2005 In MDCK epithelial cells, podocalyxin (gp135) marks a preapical domain that is established before tight junction formation. The C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of podocalyxin is required for targeting it to the free surface of single cells and to a subdomain of the terminally polarized apical membrane. Podocalyxin co-localizes with NHERF-2 at this preapical domain, and RNAi depletion of podocalyxin causes defects in epithelial polarization, demonstrating a functional role in establishing apical polarity. Domain-deletion mutagenesis, RNAi knockdown, immunofluorescence, identification of gp135 as dog podocalyxin orthologue The Journal of cell biology High 15642748
2004 Forced overexpression of podocalyxin in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells perturbed cell-cell junctions and caused cell shedding from confluent monolayers, demonstrating a direct anti-adhesive function of podocalyxin that can promote tumor cell detachment. Forced expression (overexpression) in MCF-7 cells, cell junction analysis, confluent monolayer shedding assay Cancer research Medium 15289306
2008 PODXL (podocalyxin-like protein) is selectively expressed on early progenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). RNAi-mediated inhibition of PODXL expression caused cell aggregation in culture, indicating that PODXL normally functions to prevent cell-cell aggregation in MSCs. PODXL-high/CD49f-high MSCs showed greater clonogenicity, more efficient differentiation, and preferential homing to infarcted heart after intravenous infusion in mice. FACS isolation, RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown with aggregation phenotype, in vivo intravenous infusion homing assay Blood Medium 18818395
2008 A monoclonal antibody (mAb 84) targeting podocalyxin-like protein-1 (PODXL) on undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) induces rapid, complement-independent cell death within 30 minutes, selectively killing undifferentiated hESCs but not differentiated derivatives. Immunoprecipitation identified PODXL as the target antigen of mAb 84, and pre-treatment prevented teratoma formation in SCID mice. Immunoprecipitation antigen identification, cytotoxicity assay, complement inhibition, in vivo teratoma suppression assay Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) High 18356574
2016 miR-5100 directly binds the 3′ UTR of PODXL mRNA and post-transcriptionally represses PODXL expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Silencing PODXL phenocopied miR-5100 overexpression, inhibiting cell migration and invasion, establishing PODXL as a pro-metastatic effector downstream of miR-5100 in pancreatic cancer. 3′UTR luciferase reporter assay, miRNA overexpression, siRNA knockdown, migration and invasion assays International journal of oncology Medium 26892887
2016 Conditional endothelial-specific deletion of Podxl in mice disrupts endothelial barrier integrity: Podxl-deficient lung endothelial cells show increased permeability to dextran and enhanced macrophage transmigration. After thrombin stimulation, ECs lacking Podxl exhibit delayed recovery of VE-cadherin contacts, persistence of F-actin stress fibers, sustained phosphorylation of the ERM complex, and sustained RhoA activation, indicating that Podxl normally promotes endothelial barrier re-sealing by restraining RhoA activity and facilitating VE-cadherin junction restoration. Conditional knockout mouse, dextran permeability assay, macrophage transmigration assay, VE-cadherin immunofluorescence, F-actin staining, ERM phosphorylation western blot, RhoA activation assay European journal of cell biology High 27289182
2016 PODXL carries the major post-translational epitopes responsible for pluripotent surface markers TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM2, GP200, and mAb84 in human pluripotent stem cells. PODXL expression is activated by KLF4 during early reprogramming, and a residual PODXL-positive population persists after extended differentiation. A universal anti-PODXL antibody (3D3) causes massive necrosis and apoptosis of human pluripotent stem cells. mRNA and protein expression analysis during reprogramming, KLF4 overexpression, antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, flow cytometry Stem cells and development Medium 26886504
2016 A frameshift mutation (c.89_90insGTCGCCCC) in exon 1 of PODXL resulting in loss of protein was identified as causal for autosomal-recessive juvenile Parkinsonism. Functional validation in differentiated PC12 cells showed significant differences in neurite branching and length (p<0.0001) between cells expressing wild-type versus mutant PODXL constructs, establishing a role for PODXL in neural process morphology. Whole exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing for segregation, functional assay in differentiated PC12 cells (neurite branching and length measurement) Journal of medical genetics Medium 26864383
2020 Long non-coding RNA BBOX1-AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that sequesters miR-361-3p, thereby relieving miR-361-3p-mediated repression of PODXL and increasing PODXL expression in ovarian cancer cells. PODXL depletion reversed the pro-tumorigenic effects of BBOX1-AS1 silencing rescue, placing PODXL as a downstream effector in the BBOX1-AS1/miR-361-3p/PODXL regulatory axis promoting ovarian cancer cell proliferation and survival. lncRNA and miRNA overexpression/knockdown, luciferase reporter assays, siRNA-mediated PODXL silencing, proliferation and apoptosis assays Reproductive sciences Medium 33159291
2021 Transcription factor TCF3 directly regulates PODXL transcription in human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). ChIP assay demonstrated TCF3 binding to the PODXL promoter. TCF3 overexpression promoted SSC proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, while PODXL silencing compromised SSC stem cell activity (proliferation and survival), placing PODXL as a direct TCF3 target gene required for SSC self-renewal. RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), PODXL siRNA knockdown, proliferation and apoptosis assays, TCF3 overexpression Frontiers in cell and developmental biology Medium 34422820

Source papers

Stage 0 corpus · 130 papers · ranked by NIH iCite citations
Year Title Journal Citations PMID
2014 Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature 5878 25056061
2004 Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1724 15326289
2012 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. Cell 1718 22658674
2002 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1479 12477932
1996 PDX-1 is required for pancreatic outgrowth and differentiation of the rostral duodenum. Development (Cambridge, England) 1292 8631275
2015 The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell 1118 26186194
2017 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature 1085 28514442
2020 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. Nature 849 32296183
2018 VIRMA mediates preferential m6A mRNA methylation in 3'UTR and near stop codon and associates with alternative polyadenylation. Cell discovery 829 29507755
2003 Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nature genetics 754 14702039
2021 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome. Cell 705 33961781
2011 Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Briefings in bioinformatics 656 21873635
2008 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 607 19056867
1994 Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. Gene 492 8125298
2015 A Dynamic Protein Interaction Landscape of the Human Centrosome-Cilium Interface. Cell 433 26638075
2022 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. Science (New York, N.Y.) 432 35271311
2021 A proximity-dependent biotinylation map of a human cell. Nature 339 34079125
2004 Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation. Nature biotechnology 266 15146197
2003 Expression of podocyte-associated molecules in acquired human kidney diseases. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 250 12874460
2005 The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 bridges the JNK pathway and the transcription factor PDX-1 through its intracellular translocation. The Journal of biological chemistry 221 16282329
2001 Loss of glomerular foot processes is associated with uncoupling of podocalyxin from the actin cytoskeleton. The Journal of clinical investigation 218 11457882
2019 Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for the Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models. Cells 214 31412684
1998 Identification of podocalyxin-like protein as a high endothelial venule ligand for L-selectin: parallels to CD34. The Journal of experimental medicine 208 9625756
2008 Selection against undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells by a cytotoxic antibody recognizing podocalyxin-like protein-1. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 207 18356574
2016 Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in basic and translational breast cancer research. Cancer metastasis reviews 201 28025748
2005 Gp135/podocalyxin and NHERF-2 participate in the formation of a preapical domain during polarization of MDCK cells. The Journal of cell biology 165 15642748
2000 Modulation of rat pancreatic acinoductal transdifferentiation and expression of PDX-1 in vitro. Diabetologia 159 10952464
2003 Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science (New York, N.Y.) 154 12690205
2008 The CD34-like protein PODXL and alpha6-integrin (CD49f) identify early progenitor MSCs with increased clonogenicity and migration to infarcted heart in mice. Blood 148 18818395
2013 In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine. Proteomics 138 23533145
2004 Overexpression of the anti-adhesin podocalyxin is an independent predictor of breast cancer progression. Cancer research 138 15289306
2019 Mapping the proximity interaction network of the Rho-family GTPases reveals signalling pathways and regulatory mechanisms. Nature cell biology 137 31871319
2000 Shotgun sequencing of the human transcriptome with ORF expressed sequence tags. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 135 10737800
2013 Proteomic analysis of podocyte exosome-enriched fraction from normal human urine. Journal of proteomics 126 23376485
2019 The Functional Proximal Proteome of Oncogenic Ras Includes mTORC2. Molecular cell 124 30639242
1998 Conservation of PDX-1 structure, function, and expression in zebrafish. Endocrinology 118 9492081
2020 PDX-derived organoids model in vivo drug response and secrete biomarkers. JCI insight 100 32990680
2016 Resistance to Antiangiogenic Therapies by Metabolic Symbiosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma PDX Models and Patients. Cell reports 100 27134180
2018 The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a versatile patient-derived xenograft (PDX) platform for precision medicine and preclinical research. American journal of cancer research 90 30210932
2004 PDX-1 and the pancreas. Pancreas 90 15028942
2019 The fidelity of cancer cells in PDX models: Characteristics, mechanism and clinical significance. International journal of cancer 88 31479514
2004 Transcription factors in islet development and physiology: role of PDX-1 in beta-cell function. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 85 15153417
2004 Reduced PDX-1 expression impairs islet response to insulin resistance and worsens glucose homeostasis. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 78 15562255
2003 Human embryonal carcinoma tumor antigen, Gp200/GCTM-2, is podocalyxin. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 74 12504081
1998 Release of dopamine and norepinephrine by hypoxia from PC-12 cells. The American journal of physiology 69 9611124
1983 Regulation of peripherin in mouse neuroblastoma and rat PC 12 pheochromocytoma cell lines. Developmental neuroscience 67 6151488
2019 A Comprehensive PDX Gastric Cancer Collection Captures Cancer Cell-Intrinsic Transcriptional MSI Traits. Cancer research 66 31585941
2016 Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors increase growth rate with time. Oncotarget 66 26783960
2020 The heteromeric PC-1/PC-2 polycystin complex is activated by the PC-1 N-terminus. eLife 63 33164752
2007 Ectopic PDX-1 expression in liver ameliorates type 1 diabetes. Journal of autoimmunity 57 17383157
2005 Mechanism of PDX-1 protein transduction. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 57 15896300
2019 Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) filaments three-dimensional (3-D) printer emissions-induced cell toxicity. Toxicology letters 54 31562913
2003 The islet beta cell-enriched RIPE3b1/Maf transcription factor regulates pdx-1 expression. The Journal of biological chemistry 54 12551916
2018 Capecitabine Efficacy Is Correlated with TYMP and RB1 Expression in PDX Established from Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 52 29463559
2019 Creation of PDX-Bearing Humanized Mice to Study Immuno-oncology. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 51 30912026
2020 Combination of PI3K and MEK inhibitors yields durable remission in PDX models of PIK3CA-mutated metaplastic breast cancers. Journal of hematology & oncology 47 32087759
2007 Crucial role of PDX-1 in pancreas development, beta-cell differentiation, and induction of surrogate beta-cells. Current medicinal chemistry 45 17627512
2017 Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis and Algorithms for PDX and CDX Models. Molecular cancer research : MCR 44 28442585
2009 RNA localization and polarity: from A(PC) to Z(BP). Trends in cell biology 44 19251418
2015 Cofilin-phosphatase slingshot-1L (SSH1L) is over-expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC) and contributes to tumor cell migration. Cancer letters 43 25684665
2016 Mouse Models in Prostate Cancer Translational Research: From Xenograft to PDX. BioMed research international 42 27294148
2015 Cooperation between HMGA1, PDX-1, and MafA is Essential for Glucose-Induced Insulin Transcription in Pancreatic Beta Cells. Frontiers in endocrinology 42 25628604
2010 PC-TP/StARD2: Of membranes and metabolism. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM 42 20338778
2006 Expression of Pdx-1 in human gastric metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. Human pathology 42 16938521
2017 Mouse PDX Trial Suggests Synergy of Concurrent Inhibition of RAF and EGFR in Colorectal Cancer with BRAF or KRAS Mutations. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 41 28611205
2018 PDX models recapitulate the genetic and epigenetic landscape of pediatric T-cell leukemia. EMBO molecular medicine 39 30389682
2009 Combination of MafA, PDX-1 and NeuroD is a useful tool to efficiently induce insulin-producing surrogate beta-cells. Current medicinal chemistry 39 19689288
2020 Revisiting Proinsulin Processing: Evidence That Human β-Cells Process Proinsulin With Prohormone Convertase (PC) 1/3 but Not PC2. Diabetes 38 32291281
2016 Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Effects of Aspirin-PC in Ovarian Cancer. Molecular cancer therapeutics 38 27638860
2010 CK2 phosphorylation of Pdx-1 regulates its transcription factor activity. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 38 20339896
2007 Role of PDX-1 and MafA as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice 38 17449132
2020 Establishment and Characterization of Humanized Mouse NPC-PDX Model for Testing Immunotherapy. Cancers 37 32331230
1998 Membrane glycoprotein PC-1 and insulin resistance. Molecular and cellular biochemistry 37 9609127
2017 Barriers to generating PDX models of HPV-related head and neck cancer. The Laryngoscope 35 28561270
2016 Overexpression of microRNA-5100 decreases the aggressive phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting PODXL. International journal of oncology 35 26892887
2016 Loss of endothelial barrier integrity in mice with conditional ablation of podocalyxin (Podxl) in endothelial cells. European journal of cell biology 34 27289182
2022 Clinically relevant treatment of PDX models reveals patterns of neuroblastoma chemoresistance. Science advances 33 36306349
2020 Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: characteristics and points to consider for the process of establishment. Journal of toxicologic pathology 33 32764840
2017 Generation of stable PDX derived cell lines using conditional reprogramming. Molecular cancer 33 29212548
2021 Epigenetic Regulation of PDX-1 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 32 33564250
2023 Promising preclinical patient-derived organoid (PDO) and xenograft (PDX) models in upper gastrointestinal cancers: progress and challenges. BMC cancer 31 38062430
2015 Autophagy regulates colistin-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 31 25645826
2016 Discovery of a frameshift mutation in podocalyxin-like (PODXL) gene, coding for a neural adhesion molecule, as causal for autosomal-recessive juvenile Parkinsonism. Journal of medical genetics 30 26864383
2004 Hepatic regeneration and enforced PDX-1 expression accelerate transdifferentiation in liver. Surgery 30 15300214
2019 Novel miRNA PC-5P-12969 in Ischemic Stroke. Molecular neurobiology 29 30953313
2022 DNA-based copy number analysis confirms genomic evolution of PDX models. NPJ precision oncology 28 35484194
2019 Andrographolide promotes pancreatic duct cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells by targeting PDX-1. Biochemical pharmacology 28 31887289
2011 Dynamic regulation of PDX-1 and FoxO1 expression by FoxA2 in dexamethasone-induced pancreatic β-cells dysfunction. Endocrinology 28 21385937
2007 PDX-1 expression is associated with islet proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The Journal of surgical research 28 17583748
1996 Threonine autophosphorylation and nucleotidylation of the hepatic membrane protein PC-1. European journal of biochemistry 27 8917428
2024 PDX models for functional precision oncology and discovery science. Nature reviews. Cancer 26 39681638
2019 The role of ENPP1/PC-1 in osteoinduction by calcium phosphate ceramics. Biomaterials 26 31048198
2019 The Altered Transcriptome and DNA Methylation Profiles of Docetaxel Resistance in Breast Cancer PDX Models. Molecular cancer research : MCR 26 31320385
2010 Reduced expression of PDX-1 is associated with decreased beta cell function in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 26 20467340
1999 Role of PC-1 in the etiology of insulin resistance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 26 10842664
2023 Ferroptosis of CD163+ tissue-infiltrating macrophages and CD10+ PC+ epithelial cells in lupus nephritis. Frontiers in immunology 25 37583695
2018 Oncological and genetic factors impacting PDX model construction with NSG mice in pancreatic cancer. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 25 30091943
2016 The Universal 3D3 Antibody of Human PODXL Is Pluripotent Cytotoxic, and Identifies a Residual Population After Extended Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem cells and development 25 26886504
2013 Effect of Silymarin in Pdx-1 expression and the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells in a pancreatectomy model. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 25 24176839
2020 LncRNA BBOX1-AS1 Aggravates the Development of Ovarian Cancer by Sequestering miR-361-3p to Augment PODXL Expression. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 24 33159291
2018 The glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase Gpc1 is part of a phosphatidylcholine (PC)-remodeling pathway that alters PC species in yeast. The Journal of biological chemistry 24 30514764
2007 Ehrlichia canis gp200 contains dominant species-specific antibody epitopes in terminal acidic domains. Infection and immunity 24 17682040
2020 PDX regulates inflammatory cell infiltration via resident macrophage in LPS-induced lung injury. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 23 32735065
2008 Expression of PDX-1 in prostate cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and benign prostatic tissue. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 23 18754323
2018 Generation of PDX-1 mutant porcine blastocysts by introducing CRISPR/Cas9-system into porcine zygotes via electroporation. Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho 22 30368976
2014 PDX-1 (pancreatic/duodenal homeobox-1 protein 1). Pathologica 22 25845046
2010 ChREBP regulates Pdx-1 and other glucose-sensitive genes in pancreatic β-cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 22 20934404
2016 A Pdx-1-Regulated Soluble Factor Activates Rat and Human Islet Cell Proliferation. Molecular and cellular biology 21 27620967
2007 PDX-1 expression and proliferation of duct epithelial cells after partial pancreatectomy in rats. Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT 21 17690043
2024 Integrative Molecular Analyses of the MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft (MDA PCa PDX) Series. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 20 38488813
2020 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma PDX Drug Screening Platform Identifies Cooperation between Inhibitions of PI3Kα/δ and HDAC. The Journal of investigative dermatology 20 32603749
2019 Fidelity of a PDX-CR model for bladder cancer. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 20 31303270
2019 Salinomycin triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress through ATP2A3 upregulation in PC-3 cells. BMC cancer 19 31023247
2017 Isoliquiritigenin Induces Cytotoxicity in PC-12 Cells In Vitro. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 19 28488118
2023 Combined proteomics and CRISPR‒Cas9 screens in PDX identify ADAM10 as essential for leukemia in vivo. Molecular cancer 18 37422628
2008 PDX-1 interaction and regulation of the Pancreatic Derived Factor (PANDER, FAM3B) promoter. Biochimica et biophysica acta 18 18708173
2023 Endometrial cancer PDX-derived organoids (PDXOs) and PDXs with FGFR2c isoform expression are sensitive to FGFR inhibition. NPJ precision oncology 17 38062117
2021 TCF3 Regulates the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Spermatogonial Stem Cells by Targeting PODXL. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 17 34422820
2016 The Phosphorylation of PDX-1 by Protein Kinase CK2 Is Crucial for Its Stability. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) 17 28036027
2015 Interferon-γ Decreases Nuclear Localization of Pdx-1 and Triggers β-Cell Dysfunction in Chronic Pancreatitis. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 17 25839229
2008 Pleiotropic Roles of PDX-1 in the Pancreas. The review of diabetic studies : RDS 17 18338074
2005 Cytokines affect PDX-1 expression, insulin and proinsulin secretion from iNOS deficient murine islets. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 17 16023781
2024 Circulating perturbation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is associated to cardiac remodeling and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular patients with insulin resistance risk. Experimental and molecular pathology 16 38703553
2022 PC-Phos Enabled Catalytic Palladium-heteroallyl Asymmetric Cycloaddition. Journal of the American Chemical Society 16 36254467
2011 ATF3 represses PDX-1 expression in pancreatic β-cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 16 21821004
2002 Pancreatic Duodenal Homeobox (PDX-1) in health and disease. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 16 12503852
1996 Differential expression of gp200-MR6 molecule in benign hyperplasia and down-regulation in invasive carcinoma of the breast. British journal of cancer 16 8855966
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